Win Win - English for your business career, Teacher's package Louise Stansfield, Tiina Eerola, Jani Munne, Anne-Mari Raivio
ISBN 978-951-37-5503-4 Päivitetty 25.05.2011 Teacher's package for Win Win - English for your business career contains - instructions and tips for using the book and ideas for teaching - slides for chapters - answers for exercises - extra exercises and material - vocabularies for texts in the book All feedback and comments on the book and the teacher's package are very welcome and can be sent to: [email protected]
Instructions and tips Presentation skills Section 1 Work 1.1 Working Slides for the unit Extra material and exercises Vocabulary Answers for exercises Tips for the teacher 1.2 Networking Slides for the unit Extra material and exercises Vocabulary Answers for exercises Tips for the teacher 1.3 Team Working Slides for the unit Extra material and exercises Vocabulary Answers for exercises Tips for the teacher 1.4 Informing Slides for the unit Extra material and exercises Vocabulary Answers for exercises Tips for the teacher Win Win Post slides 1.5 Working for and managing yourself Slides for the unit Extra material and exercises Vocabulary Answers for exercises Tips for the teacher
This demo contains material for units 1.4 and 2.1.
Kopiointiehdot
Section 2 International 2.1 International Trade Slides for the unit Extra material and exercises Vocabulary Answers for exercises Tips for the teacher Win Win Post slides 2.2 Communicating to serve Slides for the unit Extra material and exercises Vocabulary Answers for exercises Tips for the teacher 2.3 Contemporary issues in global business Slides for the unit Extra material and exercises Vocabulary Answers for exercises Tips for the teacher 2.4 Networking internationally Slides for the unit Extra material and exercises Vocabulary Answers for exercises Tips for the teacher 2.5 Events and deals Slides for the unit Extra material and exercises Vocabulary Answers for exercises Tips for the teacher 2.6 Project management and virtual teams Slides for the unit Extra material and exercises Vocabulary Answers for exercises Tips for the teacher
1.6 Performing professionally Slides for the unit Extra material and exercises Vocabulary Answers for exercises Tips for the teacher 1.7 Writing to communicate Slides for the unit Extra material and exercises Vocabulary Answers for exercises Tips for the teacher Section 3 Niche 3.1 Management Slides for the unit Extra material and exercises Vocabulary Answers for exercises Tips for the teacher 3.2 Accounting Slides for the unit Extra material and exercises Vocabulary Answers for exercises Tips for the teacher 3.3 Finance Slides for the unit Extra material and exercises Vocabulary Answers for exercises Tips for the teacher 3.4 Marketing Slides for the unit Extra material and exercises Vocabulary Answers for exercises Tips for the teacher 3.5 Logistics Slides for the unit Extra material and exercises Vocabulary Answers for exercises Tips for the teacher 3.6 International Business Slides for the unit Extra material and exercises Vocabulary Answers for exercises Tips for the teacher 3.7 Information systems and IT Slides for the unit Extra material and exercises Vocabulary Answers for exercises Tips for the teacher
2.7 You as a winning brand Slides for the unit Extra material and exercises Vocabulary Answers for exercises Tips for the teacher
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1.4 Extras
Contents 1. Anna’s Blog ................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 2
2. Case Alma Media ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3
a) Learning Vocabulary ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3
b) Understanding overall meaning ................................................................................................................................................................................. 4
c) Alma Media’s latest Annual Report ............................................................................................................................................................................ 4
3. Win Win Post ............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 5
a) Complete the following gaps with the correct company or product names ................................................................................................... 5
b) Find the words below in the text in English ..................................................................................................................................................... 5
c) Reading for detail and summarising (headlines) ................................................................................................................................................... 6
d) Fill in the missing verb in the headlines below ................................................................................................................................................ 7
e) Quick trends .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 8
4. Companies and organisations in a minute ................................................................................................................................................................. 9
a) Connect the Finnish and the English term: ................................................................................................................................................................. 9
b) Puzzle ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 10
5. Translate the Estanc Organisation chart .................................................................................................................................................................. 11
6. Organisational Change ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 12
a) Match the term with the correct definition .............................................................................................................................................................. 12
b) Summarising, listening and retelling ........................................................................................................................................................................ 13
7. EK business trend survey.......................................................................................................................................................................................... 14
a) Vocabulary ................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 14
b) Word Explanation ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 15
c) Reading and summarising ‘Gentle fall from peak continues’ .................................................................................................................................... 17
8. Reading comprehension for EK article ‘Economic setback ahead’ .......................................................................................................................... 18
9. Trend expressions .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 19
10. Linking cause and effect ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 21
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1. Anna’s Blog
How would you express the following in English: 1) Minua pyydettiin pitämään esitys seminaarissa. 2) Onneksi yrityksellä on hyvät diat toiminnastaan. 3) Minun täytyy vain opetella yrityksen missio ulkoa. 4) Minun pitää myös harjoitella paljon ennen esitystä. 5) Onhan tämä hyvää harjoitusta tulevaisuutta varten!
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2. Case Alma Media
a) Learning Vocabulary How well do you know the vocabulary related to accounting in Alma Media Annual Report on page 43? Evaluate how well you know each word according to the scale.
1 I don’t know the word at all. 2 I have seen or heard this word but I don’t know what it means. 3 I can understand what this word means but I can’t use it yet actively in my own speaking /
writing. 4 I already know this word and can actively use it in my own speaking / writing.
1 2 3 4
annual
profitability
growth
net sales
operating profit
margin
earning
share
dividend
breakdown
key figures
associated company
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b) Understanding overall meaning
See p. 43 with ‘Year 2007 in a minute’ and figure out the (overall) meaning of the words in task a). English Definition (in English) Finnish annual _____________________________________ _______________________ profitability _____________________________________ _______________________ growth _____________________________________ _______________________ net sales _____________________________________ _______________________ operating profit _____________________________________ _______________________ margin _____________________________________ _______________________ earning _____________________________________ _______________________ share _____________________________________ _______________________ dividend _____________________________________ _______________________ breakdown _____________________________________ _______________________ key figures _____________________________________ _______________________ associated company _____________________________________ _______________________
c) Alma Media’s latest Annual Report
Find a copy of Alma Media’s latest Annual Report (http://www.almamedia.fi/financial_reports). Find out the same information as on p. 43 in the latest report and prepare a short comparison on how things have changed. Go through the changes together. (Use trend expressions on page 308.)
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3. Win Win Post
a) Complete the following gaps with the correct company or product names
Identify the company or product names in the headlines below
__________________ acquires __________________
__________________ gains stronger edge in Baltic cruise market __________________ to cut 750 jobs __________________ reduces stake in __________________ .
__________________ to close Oulunsalo factory __________________ plans to launch new__________________ __________________ to rationalise its distribution chain and retail operations __________________ to expand pan-European operations
MK takes over as CEO of __________________
b) Find the words below in the text in English
Verbs
ennustaa_______________________________
laajentaa_______________________________
lanseerata______________________________
listautua pörssiin_________________________
ostaa_______________________________
rahoittaa_______________________________
saada aikaan, tuottaa_____________________
tehostaa_______________________________
työllistää_______________________________
vahvistaa_______________________________
vähentää_______________________________
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ottaa haltuun____________________________
erottua_______________________________
Describing words
edullinen_______________________________
ehdotettu______________________________
ennätyksellinen__________________________
laaja_______________________________
merkittävä_____________________________
pitkäaikainen____________________________
pitkään odotettu________________________
todennäköinen__________________________
uudenlainen, omaperäinen__________________________
vuosittainen____________________________
yhdistetty______________________________
yleiseurooppalainen______________________
Nouns
fuusio_______________________________
jakeluketju______________________________
kilpailija_______________________________
kilpailuetu______________________________
kodinkone______________________________
kulut_______________________________
osake_______________________________
osuus_______________________________
pörssi_______________________________
toiminta_______________________________
tuotanto_______________________________
tuottavuus, kannattavuus__________________________
työmarkkinat____________________________
vähittäismyynti__________________________
c) Reading for detail and summarising (headlines)
Work with a pair and come up with headings for the remaining news in Business World Wide (p. 45). You can find help on page 50-51 on headline style.
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d) Fill in the missing verb in the headlines below
a) Vinjet Shipping Ltd __________________ Roslagen Line
b) Vinjet __________________ stronger edge in Baltic cruise market
c) Electromax to __________________ 750 jobs
d) Electromax to __________________ Oulunsalo factory
e) Apex Capital __________________ stake in Pizza Queen.
f) Job market __________________ healthy
g) BlinkE to __________________ pan-European operations.
h) MK __________________ over as CEO of Win Win Com.
i) eFinn plans to __________________ new minEpod
j) IceHouse Electronics to __________________ its distribution chain and retail operations
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e) Quick trends
Fill in the blank with the correct trend expression.
a) Glownow sales in Europe and Asia __________________ .
b) Glownow shares __________________ 8%
c) Heyho expects to __________________ its online advertising revenues
d) Nordic Airways to __________________ fuel surcharge
e) Oil prices to __________________ soon
f) __________________ for the dollar
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4. Companies and organisations in a minute
a) Connect the Finnish and the English term:
1. sole trader a) julkinen osakeyhtiö oyj
2. general partnership b) konserni
3. limited partnership c) toiminimi
4. private limited company d) osuuskunta
5. public limited company e) avoin yhtiö
6. cooperative f) monialayritys
7. group g) kommandiittiyhtiö
8. conglomerate h) yksityinen osakeyhtiö oy
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b) Puzzle
8. osakeyhtiö
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5. Translate the Estanc Organisation chart
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6. Organisational Change
a) Match the term with the correct definition
a) Acquisition 1) Co-operation between two or more companies
b) Alliance 2) Diverts your investments to a collection of companies
c) Business angel 3) Lends you money and gives you business advice
d) Business portfolio 4) Limited company whose shares are publicly listed on the stock
exchange
e) Conglomerate 5) Organisation comprising of several companies
f) Corporate partnership
6) To raise capital when you decided to be listed on the stock exchange
g) Divest 7) Two companies join together
h) Hostile takeover 8) Two or more companies have established a company together
i) Initial public offering (IPO)
9) Two or more companies share resources between them
j) Joint venture 10) When a new business idea leads to development of a new
company which stands independent of the parent company
k) Merger 11) When you cut your operations
l) Spin-off 12) Controlling all stages of one particular type of business
m) Public limited company
13) Company makes a successful takeover bid (an offer to buy) other company
n) Vertical integration 14) When one company buys other company
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b) Summarising, listening and retelling
Step 1. Discuss note-taking while listening (e.g. how to do it, what kind of things help you to pick the most important things, what the speakers should take into consideration if they want the audience to be able to take notes). Step 2. Find an article in a newspaper that deals with one of the restructuring measures mentioned in the book. Make notes on what you read and summarise the main points, so that you can repeat the story for a colleague who doesn’t have access to the original article. Step 3. Work with a pair and take turns in summarising the main ideas of your articles. The listener should write notes while listening. Remember to help the listener by e.g. adding structuring language. Step 4. Find a new pair and tell the story that you just heard to them based on your notes. The listener should again take notes and repeat the story that you just told to a new pair. Step 5. Repeat the last piece of news that you heard to the whole class and see if it had changed on the way.
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7. EK business trend survey
See p. 52
a) Vocabulary
Take a look at the vocabulary list at the bottom of the page 52 and see if you already know the words in Finnish or if you can come up with the meaning by reading the definitions. Finnish
1) balance figure _______________________________________________________________
2) carry out _______________________________________________________________ 3) Confederation of Finnish
Industries _______________________________________________________________
4) employ _______________________________________________________________
5) forecast _______________________________________________________________
6) increase _______________________________________________________________
7) input _______________________________________________________________
8) major turn _______________________________________________________________
9) moderate _______________________________________________________________
10) output _______________________________________________________________
11) peak _______________________________________________________________
12) prediction _______________________________________________________________
13) prospects _______________________________________________________________
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14) respondent _______________________________________________________________
15) stable _______________________________________________________________
16) survey _______________________________________________________________
17) trend _______________________________________________________________
b) Word Explanation
It is sometimes said that badly spoken English is the most common language in today’s global business world. Whatever the case may be, it is still evident that it is not enough to know all the fancy words in English but it becomes increasingly important to be able to explain terms and concepts in a simple enough manner so that the other person understands what you are talking about. Playing word explanation games provides good practice for this. Form small groups. Each group takes the following table, cuts it in pieces and takes turns in picking up a paper slip and explaining the word to others. You can add your own words to the table. Do not use the words in the paper but find a way of explaining the word so that the others can guess what it is. The winner is the one who guesses most words correctly!
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balance figure carry out Confederation of Finnish
Industries
employ forecast increase
input
major turn moderate
output peak prediction
prospects respondent stable
survey trend
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c) Reading and summarising ‘Gentle fall from peak continues’
Work in pairs and read the EK business trend survey on page 52. Summarise briefly in one sentence each what the text is saying about: 1) service sector 2) industry 3) construction
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8. Reading comprehension for EK article ‘Economic setback ahead’
Read the article on p. 54 and answer the following questions.
a) What has happened to the outlook for the global economy over the past months?
b) Is the international credit crisis over?
c) What have global stock markets experienced?
d) What have Nordea's economists done to their forecasts of coming years' economic growth?
e) What is the main reason for the Danish economic slowdown?
f) What other challenges is the Danish economy facing?
g) Why have financial institutions announced increases in rates for certain loan products?
h) What will be the eventual effect of higher lending rates?
i) Why will there be a weak development in Danish exports in the coming years?
j) How has the Swedish economy managed to alleviate some of the negative effects of the US slowdown?
k) Why will the sharp increase in investment be reduced?
l) Why is it surprising that private consumption will slow?
m) What will happen to employment and unemployment in Sweden?
n) Why is inflation expected to drop?
o) When did Finnish economic growth slow?
p) What had caused the bottlenecks in Finland’s economy?
q) How will the downswing in export markets be reflected in the outlook for the Finnish economy?
r) How will the increase in the rate affect the Norwegian economy?
s) How is the effect on the Norwegian economy limited?
t) What will Norges Bank do?
u) How will the Norwegian economy remain strong over the next years?
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9. Trend expressions
On the grid, draw a simple line graph of your own any topic. Create and label the horizontal/vertical axes to fit your topic (time frame, quantities etc). Describe your chart and the main trends on it to your partner. You may need to explain why there were changes. Some examples: Hours spent in the gym/playing football/on my hobby Stress levels My chocolate eating habits My expenditure The balance in my bank account Hours spent in Facebook Time spent in the library My alcohol consumption
Introducing your diagram I’d like to show you a a graph about … I’d like you to take a look at this
chart/diagram showing … You can see the dramatic rise in my
chocolate eating in December. This is because everyone buys me chocolate for Christmas.
If you take a look at this graph of the weekly amount of hours spent in the gym in the last month, you will see the
steep drop in week 49. This was exam week.
Vocabulary Horizontal axis Vertical axis The horizontal axis shows the months of
the year and the vertical axis represents the number of hours spent in the gym per week, from 0 to 20.
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_____________________________________________________________________________ Title of the graph
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10. Linking cause and effect
In your business studies you will see that events and actions are frequently linked with their cause and effect and that you will need to show this in your assignments and presentations. The diagram below summarises this relationship: back in time or sequence forward in time or sequence cause effect reason consequence result solution There are many ways to express this relationship in English. Here are some examples below: EFFECT TO CAUSE
The rise in sales was due to the reduction in price.
Volkswagen’s fall in profits was caused by weakening demand in America.
The improvement in the Helsinki stock market
was brought about by Nokia’s profit forecast.
The current economic slowdown
is the result of the sub prime crisis.
Strike action resulted from threats to close the factory.
Napster was driven out of business
as a result of copyright law-suits.
CAUSE TO EFFECT
The reduction in price led to the rise in sales. Weakening demand in America caused Volkswagen’s fall in profits. Nokia’s profit forecast resulted in the improvement in the Helsinki stock
market. The sub prime crisis is the reason for the current economic slowdown. Threats to close the factory brought about strike action. Copyright law-suits drove Napster out of business
event
situation
action
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1.4 Vocabulary
Contents Page 43 Case Alma Media ................................................................................................................... 2
Page 44 The Win Win Post .................................................................................................................. 3
Page 45 The Win Win Post .................................................................................................................. 5
Page 50-51 Reading, reporting and presenting the business news in English .................................... 7
Page 52 EK business trend survey ....................................................................................................... 8
Page 54 Press release Economic setback ahead ................................................................................. 9
Pages 55-56 Using a win-win approach to giving presentations ...................................................... 11
Pages 57-58 (Using a win-win approach to giving presentations cont.) ........................................... 12
Pages 58-60 (Using a win-win approach to giving presentations cont.) ........................................... 13
Page 61 (Using a win-win approach to giving presentations cont.) .................................................. 14
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Page 43 Case Alma Media
amount to yltää jhnk
associated company osakkuusyhtiö
average keskimäärin
board hallitus
breakdown jakauma
capital employed sijoitettu pääoma
cash flow rahavirta
cross capital
expenditure bruttoinvestoinnit
debt velka
depreciation poisto
development suhdanne, kehitys
dividend osinko
earning tulos
earning per share osakekohtainen tulos
emerge kehittyä
employees henkilöstö
favourable hyvä, suotuisa
group konserni
growth kasvu
improve parantua
include sisältää
increase kasvaa
interest-bearing korollinen
key figure avainluku
media advertising
sales mediamyynti
net sales liikevaihto
newspaper
distribution staff lehdenjakajat
number lukumäärä
one-time gain kertaluontoinen voitto
online verkkopalvelu
operating activities liiketoiminta
operating profit liikevoitto
period tilikausi
product tuote
profitability kannattavuus
propose ehdottaa
representing
a margin edustaen osuutta
return on investment sijoitetun pääoman tuotto
share osuus
specialize keskittyä
spur vauhdittaa
total olla kaikkiaan
web service verkkopalvelu
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Page 44 The Win Win Post
acquire ostaa (yritysosto)
adult aikuinen
advertising mainonta
annual vuosittainen, vuosi-
appliance laite
broad laaja
chair puheenjohtaja
Chief Operating
Officer operatiivinen johtaja
company news yritysuutiset
competition kilpailu
competitive edge kilpailukyky
competitor kilpailija
consultant konsultti
contained hillitty
cost kulu
cruise risteily
current tämän hetkinen
decision päätös
demand kysyntä
distribution jakelu
earning tuotto
eliminate vähentää
employ työllistää
evidence todiste
expand laajentaa
experience kokemus
forecast ennustaa
forthcoming tuleva
fund rahoittaa
generate saada aikaan, luoda
go public listautua
headhunter kykyjen etsijä
impact vaikutus
improve kohentaa
insider sisäpiirin jäsen (työntekijä)
intend aikoa
job watch työpaikkavahti
labour market työmarkkinat
latest uusin
launch lanseerata, tuoda markkinoille
lead johtaa
leadership johtajuus
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lead story pääuutinen
long-awaited pitkään odotettu
low-cost country halpatuotantomaa
manufacture valmistaa
merger fuusio
offering osakemyynti
operation toiminta
outwit voittaa
pan-European yleiseurooppalainen
partnership kumppanuus
plant tehdas
press release lehdistötiedote
production tuotanto
profiling profilointi
profitability kannattavuus
reach saavuttaa
record level huipputaso
reduce pienentää
regarded as pidetään jnk
remain säilyä, pysyä
retail vähittäiskauppa
savings säästö
share osake
shareholder osakkeenomistaja
sign allekirjoittaa
skill taito, osaaminen
slowdown taantuma
stake osuus
stand-out erottua
stock exchange pörssi
strengthen vahvistaa
succeed seurata jtk
successor seuraaja
surge kuohahdus
take over ottaa hoitaakseen
targeted suunnattu
vast mittava, kattava
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Page 45 The Win Win Post
accelerated kiihtynyt
accessory asuste
advertising mainonta
age aikakausi
agree päättää
agreement sopimus
announce ilmoittaa
approach lähestyä
at least vähintään
battle taistelu
block pysäyttää
break down katketa
call for vaatia
cash in kähmiä
certification hyväksyntä, laillistaminen
champion tuulettaa
chief johtaja
chipmaker mikrosiruvalmistaja
collapse romahtaminen
conglomerate monialayritys
conspiracy salaliitto
continue jatkaa
court oikeus
debt velka
decade vuosikymmen
default jättää maksamatta
demand kysyntä
dispute kiista
dominate hallita
due to jnk johdosta
expect olettaa, odottaa
exporter (maasta)viejä
federal liittovaltio-
first-quarter vuoden ensimmäinen neljännes
fraud petos
fuel surcharge polttoainelisä
fundamental perinpohjainen
furniture kaluste
giant jättiläinen
gold rush kultarynnäkkö
grand jury suuri valamiehistö
growth kasvu
growth rate kasvuvauhti
hardwood lehtipuu
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hub keskus
import tuoda maahan
in brief lyhyesti
increase korottaa
indict tuomita
industry toimiala
issue myydä
jewellery jalokivi
lead story pääuutinen
marvel at ihmetellä jtk
money laundering rahanpesu
negotiation neuvottelu
officer virkailija
ounce unssi
outlook näkymä
overseas ulkomaan-
owner omistaja
partnership yhtiö
pawnshop panttilainaamo
peak nousta huippuun
post jättää ilmoitus
price hinta
product tuote
profit voitto
recovery elvytys, toipuminen
reform uudistus
renewal uusiminen
repayment takaisin maksu
restructuring saneeraus
retailer vähittäiskauppa
retiree eläkeläiset
revenue tulo
settle sopia
share osake
shipment kuljetus
sluggish nihkeä
soar nousta korkealle
stumble takerrella
sustainable forest kestävän metsänhoidon metsä
tackle hoitaa
target kohdentaa
trade kauppa
warehouse varasto
white-collar worker toimistotyöläinen
wholesale tukku
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Page 50-51 Reading, reporting and presenting the business news in English
item "juttu"
real autenttinen
complete ehjä
forecast ennustaa
example esimerkki
dominate hallita
peak huippu
leave out jättää pois
expand kartuttaa
increase kasvu
develop kehittää
string ketju
increase korottaa
demand kysyntä
use käyttää
expand laajentaa
sentence lause
press release lehdistötiedote
alliance liittoutuminen
brief lyhyt
fare price matkan hinta
past mennyt
contain muodostaa
crisp napakka
discuss neuvotella
expect odottaa, olettaa
acquire ostaa
headline otsikko
pressure paine
downsize pienentää
present tense preesens
report raportoida
peak saavuttaa huippu
vocabulary sanasto
restructure saneerata
noun substantiivi
closure sulkeminen
plan suunnitella
skill taito
economy talous
bid tarjous
operation toiminta
retail tukku-
launch tuoda markkinoille
latest uusin
news uutiset
press lehdistö
verb verbi, teonsana
online verkko-
takeover yritysosto
site asemapaikka
surge vaihtelu, kuohunta
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Page 52 EK business trend survey
according to jnk mukaisesti
balance figure suhdanneluku
business trend suhdanne
carry out toteuttaa
Confederation
of Finnish Industries Elinkeinoelämän keskusliitto
construction rakennusala
continue jatkua
describe kuvailla
expect odottaa, olettaa
expectation odotus, oletus
forecast ennustaa
gentle lievä
gradual asteittainen
improvement kohentuminen
in line with jnk mukaisesti
increase kasvaa
industry teollisuusala
major mittava, suuri
output tuotanto; tuotto
peak huippu
predict ennustaa
production tuotanto
prospect näkymä
quarter neljännesvuosi
questionnaire kysely
rate vauhti
regularly säännöllisesti
remain pysyä, olla
respond vastata
respondent vastaaja
sales myynti
sector sektori
service sector palveluala
slow down hidastua
stable vakaa
strengthening vakiintuminen
to some extent jossain määrin
touch ripaus
turn käänne
unchanged muuttumaton
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Page 54 Press release Economic setback ahead
adversely päinvastaisesti
affect vaikuttaa jhnk
ahead odotettavissa
alleviate helpottaa, lieventää
announce julkaista
average keskiverto
boost kohentaa
bottleneck pullonkaula
breather toivotus
cause aiheuttaa
challenge haaste
compared to verrattuna jhnk
consequence seuraus
consumption kulutus
credit crisis luottokriisi
curb hillitä
currency valuutta
curtail supistaa
dampen laskea
demand kysyntä
despite huolimatta jstk
disposable käytettävä
diversified moninainen
downturn laskusuhdanne
ease helpottaa
effect vaikutus
employment työllisyys
estimate arvio
eventually kaikkiaan
exacerbate pahentaa
expect odottaa, olettaa
experience kokea
export vienti
face kohdata
fiscal rahataloudellinen
forecast arvio
further lisää
growth kasvu
H2 vuoden toinen puolikas
housing market talokauppa
income tulo
increase kasvaa
inevitably väistämättä
interest korko
IT bubble IT-kupla
lead johtaa
level taso
limit rajoittaa
loan laina
lower alentaa
markedly huomattavasti
measure toimenpide
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monetary policy rahapolitiikka
outlook tulevaisuusnäkymä
outlook näkymä
pave avaa tien
persistently jatkuvasti
pick up nousta
point to osoittaa jhnk
policy toimintatapa
pressure paine
product tuote
publication julkaisu
rate kurssi
rate hike koron nostaminen
reason syy
recession taantuma
reflect heijastua
relatively suhteellisen
remain jäädä, pysyä
residential asumis-
robust nihkeä
secure taata
setback takaisku
sharply äkisti
slide liukua
slow down taantua
slowdown hidastuminen
spread levitä
stabilise vakaannuttaa
stable vakaa
stock market osakemarkkinat
subdued hillitty
temporarily hetkittäin
trading partner kauppakumppani
turmoil kuohunta
unemployment työttömyys
worsen huonontua
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Pages 55-56 Using a win-win approach to giving presentations
accordingly tarkoituksenmukaisesti
approach lähestymistapa
assemble koota
audience yleisö
choice valinta
content sisältö
delivery esitys
depend on riippua jstk
entertain viihdyttää
expectation odotus
fact seikka
focus on keskittyä jhnk
implementation toteutus
inform tiedottaa
intent tarkoitusperä
interested in kiinnostunut jstk
navigate suunnistaa
non-verbal sanaton
persuade suostutella
plan suunnitella
practise harjoitella
presentation esitys
purpose tarkoitus
remain pysyä
remember muistaa
share jakaa
signpost opaste, viitta
situation tilanne
slide dia
structure rakenne
topic aihe
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Pages 57-58 (Using a win-win approach to giving presentations cont.)
achievement saavutus
aspect näkökulma
audience yleisö
avoid välttää
brief lyhyt
circumstances olosuhteet
competition kilpailu
complicated mutkikas
conclusion päätelmä, lopetus
confidence varmuus
consider tarkastella
content sisältö
current tämänhetkinen
describe kuvailla
direction suunta
effective toimiva
expansion laajeneminen
expect olettaa
focus on keskittyä jhnk
format muoto
further jatko-
include ottaa mukaan
introduction johdanto
maintain säilyttää
navigate suunnistaa
necessary tarpeellinen
opportunity mahdollisuus
outline jäsennellä
pedestrian jalankulkija
practise harjoitella
presentation esitys
promise luvata
recent viimeaikainen
recommendation suositus
reintroduce esitellä uudelleen
revival elpyminen
roadmap reittikartta
route matka
signpost opaste, viitta
structure rakenne
success menestys
summary yhteenveto
verbal sanallinen
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Pages 58-60 (Using a win-win approach to giving presentations cont.)
agree olla samaa mieltä
attention mielenkiinto
audience yleisö
brief lyhyt
careful harkittu
chart diagrammi
clap taputtaa (käsiään)
clearly selkeästi
conclusion lopetus
consider pohtia
content sisältö
continent manner
contraction lyhennetty muoto
discuss käsitellä
for instance esimerkiksi
inclusive mukaan ottava
inexperienced kokematon
introduce tuoda esiin
issue seikka
preferably mieluiten
recommend suositella
recommendation suositus
remain pysyä
remind muistuttaa
research tutkimus
review kerrata
signpost opaste, viitta
suddenly äkkiä
sum up vetää yhteen
summarising yhteenvedon tekeminen
turn siirtyä, edetä
use käyttää
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Page 61 (Using a win-win approach to giving presentations cont.)
acquire omaksua
audience yleisö
balanced tasapainoinen
bullet luettelomerkki
challenge haasteellisuus
concept käsite
contain sisältää
generally speaking yleensä ottaen
guideline ohje
headline otsikko
key keskeinen
mistake virhe
presenter esityksen pitäjä
punchy ytimekäs
purpose tarkoitus
rarely harvoin
remind muistuttaa
stand out nousta esiin
standout merkittävä
striking silmiinpistävä
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1.4 Answers for exercises
Contents Answers for exercises in the book ............................................................................................................................................................... 2
P. 48 Formal lines of authority ............................................................................................................................................................... 2
P. 48 Who’s who in a company .............................................................................................................................................................. 2
P. 49 Organisational change. How do organisations change? ................................................................................................................ 4
P. 49 Finish the sentences below to form complete definitions and then give some examples of each ............................................... 5
P. 53 Talking about the economy ........................................................................................................................................................... 6
P. 53 Expressing economic trends .......................................................................................................................................................... 7
P. 54 Highlight all trend expressions in the Finnfacts text and the following press release................................................................... 7
P. 60 Signposts ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 9
Answers for extra exercises ....................................................................................................................................................................... 10
1. Anna’s blog ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 10
2 b) Understanding overall meaning .................................................................................................................................................... 10
3 a) Complete the following gaps with the correct company or product name .................................................................................. 11
3 b) Find the words below in the text in English .................................................................................................................................. 11
3 c) Reading for detail and summarising (headlines) ........................................................................................................................... 13
3 d) Fill in the missing verb in the headlines below ............................................................................................................................. 14
3 e) Quick trends .................................................................................................................................................................................. 14
4. a) Connect the Finnish and the English term: .................................................................................................................................. 14
4 b) Puzzle ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 15
5. Translate the Estanc Organisation chart .......................................................................................................................................... 16
6. a) Match the term with the correct definition ................................................................................................................................. 17
7. a) Vocabulary ................................................................................................................................................................................... 17
7. c) Reading and summarizing ‘Gentle fall from peak continues’ ....................................................................................................... 17
8. Reading comprehension for EK article ‘Economic setback ahead’ .................................................................................................. 18
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Answers for exercises in the book P. 48 Formal lines of authority a. HR department b. (student’s own interest) c. R & D d. all on the chart - or discuss: Production, Sales, Finance e. Who reports to… ? (students form the question and answer themselves) ____________________________________________________________________________________ P. 48 Who’s who in a company What other top positions or middle management positions can you name? Top Positions: Senior management usually refers to
the highest management level Board of Directors or Executive Board or
Board of Trustees The Supervisory Board is elected by
owners / shareholders Chair (Chairman) of The Board*, usually
the company’s Chief Executive Officer (CEO)
Member of the Board President Vice President Treasurer Company Secretary Vice Chair (chairman)
(* In politically correct (PC) language in UK and US it is Chair of the Board. Nokia uses Chairman.) The C level positions (chief)/The ‘C-suite’: Chief Executive Officer (CEO) or also MD
(Managing Director) Chief Financial Officer (CFO) Chief Marketing Officer (CMO) Chief Information Officer (CIO) Chief Operating Officer (COO) Director (or Manager) of Human
Resources Chief Accounting Officer
Chief Acquisition Officer Chief Administrative Officer Chief Audit Executive Chief Automation Officer Chief Analytics Officer Chief Benefits Officer Chief Business Officer (or Business
Development Officer) Chief Channel Officer
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Chief Communications Officer Chief Compliance Officer Chief Credit Officer Chief Data Officer Chief Diversity Officer Chief Engineering Officer Chief Experience Officer (CXO) Chief Governance Officer Chief Information security Officer Chief Intellectual property Officer Chief Investment Officer Chief Knowledge Officer Chief Learning Officer Chief Legal Officer Chief Networking Officer Chief Privacy Officer
Chief Process Officer Chief Product Officer Chief Quality Officer Chief Research Officer Chief Revenue Officer Chief Risk Officer Chief Sales Officer Chief Science Officer Chief Security Officer Chief Strategy Officer Chief Sustainability Officer Chief Technical Officer Chief Visionary Officer Creative Director (or Chief Creative
Officer)
Middle Management positions: Typically middle management positions vary from business to business and industry to industry. Titles include e.g.: manager supervisor project manager lead
senior manager director general manager plant manager
regional manager divisional manager
Read more: http://www.referenceforbusiness.com/management/Log-Mar/Management-
Levels.html#ixzz1MhFyYv00 http://jobs.lovetoknow.com/Examples_of_Job_Description_for_a_Manager http://www.ehow.com/about_5097975_middle-management-position.html#ixzz1M96uCfuV
How many positions can you name from white-collar workers in offices down to blue-collar workers on the shop floor or pink-collar workers? White collar workers: Top Paying White Collar Jobs in the USA (according to Forbes)
1) commercial lending director 2) development officer
3) general manager 4) engineering director
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5) director of operations 6) information systems director 7) national sales manager
8) controller 9) finance director 10) information security director
Blue collar workers: Top Paying Blue Collar Jobs in the USA (According to Forbes) 1) elevator installer and repairer 2) locomotive engineers 3) electrical and electronics repairers, powerhouse, substation and relay 4) railroad conductors and yard masters 5) power plant operators
6) ship engineers 7) first-line supervisors / managers of construction trades and extraction workers 8) gas plant operators 9) farm, ranch and other agricultural managers 10) transportation inspectors
Pink Collar Workers: Pink collar positions may include job titles in teaching, nursing and related health occupations, clerical or other administrative positions, or sales and service occupations. Some examples are waitress shop assistant hairdresser florist
nurse/medical assistant secretary receptionist.
____________________________________________________________________________________
P. 49 Organisational change. How do organisations change?
Examples of change in the Win Win Post: merger: Vinjet + Roslagen Line go public/be listed on the stock exchange: Pizza Queen downsizing: Electromax outsourcing: Electromax partnerships: BlinkE streamlining: IceHouse Electronic joint venture/strategic alliance/divestment/spin-offs...
____________________________________________________________________________________
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P. 49 Finish the sentences below to form complete definitions and then give some examples of
each
Acquire If one company acquires another, it buys it. Eg. Tallink acquired Silja Line (2006) Diversify If a company diversifies, it increases its range of goods or products. Eg. Prisma (2008) Divest If a company divests, it sells off some of its assets. Eg. STX Europa (ship builder) sold their Helsinki dock to a Russian company. (2010) Downsize If a company downsizes, it reduces costs by reducing the number of people it employs. Eg. Nokia (2011) Expand If a company expands, it increases its sales or areas of activity. Eg. S-Group expanded by opening the new hardware chain Kodin Terra Globalise If a company globalises or is globalised, it conducts business activities all over the world. Eg. Stockmann (in Russia) Merge If a company merges with another, it joins forces with it. Eg. Metso Power and Wärtsilä merged to become MW-Power Restructure If a company restructures, it changes the way it is organised. Eg. Elqotec Streamline If a company streamlines its operations, it makes them work more simply and effectively. Eg. Finnair
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Takeover If a company takes over another company, it takes control of the other company by buying more than half its shares. Eg. Eckerö Linjen took over Birka line to form Eckerö Group ____________________________________________________________________________________
P. 53 Talking about the economy
Research the meaning of the following: GDP, gross domestic product – kotimainen bruttokansantuote The total value of all the goods and services produced by a country in one year.
GNP gross national product (GNP) – bruttokansantuote The total value of all the goods and services produced by a country in a particular period
including the income from investments in foreign countries. per capita - henkeä kohti, pääluvun mukaan (Latin) for each person.
purchasing power – ostovoima 1) The amount of money that a person or business has available to spend on goods and
services. 2) (economics) The amount of goods and services that a currency can buy at a particular time.
durable – kestävä Likely to last for a long time without breaking or getting weaker. Consumer durables (also durable goods (AmE), durables) - kestokulutushyödykkeet = goods
such as cars, televisions, computers, furniture, etc. that last for a long time after you have bought them.
non-durable – ‘kertakäyttöinen’ something that will not last for a long time Consumer non-durables (also non-durables, non-durable goods, disposables) -
kertakulutushyödykkeet, päivittäistavarat = goods such as food, drinks, newspapers, etc. that only last for a short time and need to be replaced often.
consumer goods – kulutustavara Goods such as food, clothing, etc. bought and used by individual customers.
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capital goods – pääomahyödykkeet, investointihyödykkeet Items such as machines, equipment or buildings that are used to produce goods or services.
(Definitions: Oxford Business English Dictionary for learners of English. Oxford University Press.) ____________________________________________________________________________________
P. 53 Expressing economic trends
Add the following idiomatic expressions often used when describing the economy to the diagram below.
____________________________________________________________________________________
P. 54 Highlight all trend expressions in the Finnfacts text and the following press release
PRESS RELEASE 21 April 2008 Nordea Bank AB Economic setback ahead The outlook for the global economy has worsened over the past months. The international credit crisis seems far from over, the housing market is under serious pressure in many countries and global stock markets have experienced the most dramatic downfall since the IT bubble burst in 2000. Against this background, Nordea's economists markedly lower their forecasts of coming years' economic growth in
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the publication Economic Outlook. - The US economy has probably already slid into a recession and the consequences will spread to the economies in the rest of the world, including the Nordic countries, says Global Chief Economist in Nordea, Helge J. Pedersen. The main reason for the Danish economic slowdown is still the downturn in the housing market that has adversely affected private consumption growth and residential investment. The Danish economy is also facing challenges caused by the international credit crisis. Higher money market rates have made financial institutions announce rate hikes for certain loan products. The higher lending rates will eventually exacerbate the trend towards lower growth in investment and private consumption. But most importantly, the outlook for softer global growth and the weak US dollar and British pound point to a weak development in Danish exports in the coming years. The Swedish economy started to slow down in 2007 and is expected to slow further this year and in 2009, where growth will be well below the potential level. Exports are well diversified, alleviating some of the negative effects of the US slowdown. Investment has increased sharply, but will now dampen as an effect of subdued demand. Private consumption is seen slowing despite a strong rise in disposable income, boosted by fiscal policy measures in 2009 worth 20bn Swedish kronor. Employment will fall and unemployment pick up next year as an effect of a weaker growth. Inflation has remained high, but is expected to drop as the effect of higher prices of energy and food drops out of the index during H2 2008. This paves the way for the Riksbank to start cutting the repo rate during the autumn reaching 3 per cent in 2009. Finnish economic growth slowed markedly as early as in H2 2007. According to Nordea's earlier estimates, the downturn in the world economy would temporarily slow down growth in Finland, which would mainly ease the bottlenecks caused by robust growth. However, the downswing in export markets will inevitably be reflected in the outlook for the Finnish economy. Nordea expects economic growth to be around 2 per cent on average in 2008 and 2009. So, the downturn still looks set to be relatively mild. Yet, risks have surely increased that the economic downturn in 2008-09 will be more than just a welcome breather. In Norway the rate hike will help curb growth in domestic demand over the next few years. A weaker global growth outlook will also curtail growth going forward, although high oil prices limit the effect on the Norwegian economy. Slow growth means that the policy rate can stay at a stable level of 5.5 per cent despite increased inflation this year. The financial turmoil will lead to a tighter monetary policy
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and Norges Bank will seek to stabilise inflation. The persistently high oil prices and higher interest rates in Norway compared to its trading partners will secure a strong currency over the next years although risk appetite among investors is currently declining, leading to a weaker Norwegian krone. ____________________________________________________________________________________
P. 60 Signposts
Which of the following are spoken or written signposts? a) written b) written c) spoken d) written e) spoken f) spoken
g) written / spoken h) spoken i) written j) written / spoken k) spoken l) written / spoken
m) written / spoken n) written o) spoken p) spoken q) spoken r) spoken
____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________
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Answers for extra exercises
1. Anna’s blog
1) I was asked to give a presentation in a seminar. 2) Luckily the company has good slides about its operations. 3) I just have to learn the mission of the company by heart. 4) I also need to practise a lot before the presentation. 5) Well, this is good practice for the future for me! ____________________________________________________________________________________
2 b) Understanding overall meaning
English Finnish Definition
annual vuosittainen happening or done once a year
profitability kannattavuus ability to earn a profit
growth kasvu something (eg. revenue or sales) is getting bigger/growing
net sales liikevaihto gross sales minus taxes (VAT) and discounts
operating profit liikevoitto company’s earning before interest and taxes
margin kate net sales minus cost of sales (variable costs)
earning tulos, ansio company’s revenues minus all expenses over a given period of time, for individual person also called income
share osake one unit of ownership in limited company
dividend osinko payment given to company’s shareholders out of company’s retained earnings
breakdown erittely eg. expenditure broken down into fixed and variable costs
key figures tunnusluvut measurement tool for company’s profitability, capital structure and indebtedness, and liquidity
associated company tytäryhtiö a company which is partly owned by another company (called parent company)
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____________________________________________________________________________________
3 a) Complete the following gaps with the correct company or product name
Vinjet acquires Roslagen Line Vinjet gains stronger edge in Baltic cruise market Electromax to cut 750 jobs Apex Capital reduces stake in Pizza Queen Electromax to close Oulunsalo factory eFinn plans to launch new minEpod IceHouse Electronics to rationalise its distribution chain and retail operations BlinkE to expand pan-European operations MK takes over as CEO of Win Win Com ____________________________________________________________________________________
3 b) Find the words below in the text in English
Verbs
ennustaa
laajentaa
lanseerata
listautua pörssiin
ostaa
rahoittaa
saada aikaan, tuottaa
tehostaa
työllistää
vahvistaa
vähentää
ottaa haltuun
forecast
expand
launch
go public
acquire
fund
generate
rationalise
employ
strengthen
reduce
take over
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erottua stand out
Describing words
edullinen
ehdotettu
ennätyksellinen
laaja
merkittävä
pitkäaikainen
pitkään odotettu
todennäköinen
uudenlainen, omaperäinen
vuosittainen
yhdistetty
yleiseurooppalainen
low-cost
proposed
record
vast
significant
long-term
long-awaited
likely
innovative
annual
combined
pan-European
Nouns
fuusio
jakeluketju
kilpailija
kilpailuetu
kodinkone
kulut
osake
merger
distribution chain
competitor
competitive edge
appliance
costs
share
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osuus
pörssi
toiminta
tuotanto
tuottavuus, kannattavuus
työmarkkinat
vähittäismyynti
stake
stock exchange
operation
production
profitability
labour market
retail sales
___________________________________________________________________________________
3 c) Reading for detail and summarising (headlines)
Suggested headlines (p. 45) LEAD STORY Oil prices expected to peak Nordic Airways to increase fuel surcharge Country X agrees recovery plan International company news in brief Global motors announces restructuring plan Glownow shares up 8 per cent Glownow posts better profit GLOBAL ECONOMY Upturn for the dollar (is a headline in itself) Dollar shows signs of recovery Gold prices soar (is a headline in itself) Rising prices create consumer gold rush Gold demand accelerates INTERNATIONAL TRADE Call for clearer wood certification Raw materials from Russia blocked at customs Customs blocks Russian imports Aviapolis hub opens
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TECH BUSINESS HeyHo expects sharp advertising revenue increase Heyho expects increase in revenue Doors champions future vision LEGAL ISSUES JT indicted Aikon settles dispute (with Qualchip) Aikon and Qualchip settle dispute ____________________________________________________________________________________
3 d) Fill in the missing verb in the headlines below
a) acquires b) gains c) cut d) close/shut down e) reduces
f) remains g) expand h) takes over i) launch j) rationalise
____________________________________________________________________________________
3 e) Quick trends
a) grow b) increase c) increase
d) increase e) peak f) Upturn
____________________________________________________________________________________
4. a) Connect the Finnish and the English term:
1. c 2. e 3. g
4. h 5. a 6. d
7. b 8. f
____________________________________________________________________________________
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4 b) Puzzle
____________________________________________________________________________________
1. avoin yhtiö general partnership 2. oyj public limited
company 3. osuuskunta cooperative 4. monialayritys conglomerate 5. kommandiittiyhtiö limited partnership 6. toiminimi sole trader 7. konserni group 8. osakeyhtiö private limited
company
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5. Translate the Estanc Organisation chart
____________________________________________________________________________________
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6. a) Match the term with the correct definition
A. 14 B. 1 C. 3 D. 2 E. 5
F. 9 G. 11 H. 13 I. 6 J. 8
K. 7 L. 10 M. 4 N. 12
____________________________________________________________________________________
7. a) Vocabulary
1) balance figure saldoluku 2) carry out toteuttaa 3) Confederation 4) of Finnish Industries
Elinkeinoelämän keskusliitto EK
5) employ työllistää 6) forecast ennustaa 7) increase lisääntyä, kasvaa 8) input tuotantopanos, panos 9) major turn merkittävä käänne
10) moderate maltillinen 11) output tuotanto, tuotantomäärä 12) peak huippu 13) prediction ennuste 14) prospects näkymä, tulevaisuuden
toiveet 15) respondent vastaaja 16) stable vakaa 17) survey haastattelututkimus 18) trend trendi, suuntaus
___________________________________________________________________________________
7. c) Reading and summarizing ‘Gentle fall from peak continues’
Suggested answers
1) Service sector continued its steady growth which is also expected to continue in the near future. 2) The growth for industry was not as good as was expected but things are expected to improve in the near future. 3) The growth in construction decreased and most of the respondents expect the situation to remain the same. ____________________________________________________________________________________
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8. Reading comprehension for EK article ‘Economic setback ahead’
a) What has happened to the outlook for the global economy over the past months? It has worsened.
b) Is the international credit crisis over? No it seems far from over.
c) What have global stock markets experienced? The most dramatic downfall since the IT bubble burst in 2000.
d) What have Nordea's economists done to their forecasts of coming years' economic growth? They have markedly lowered their forecasts. They have dramatically lowered their forecasts.
e) What is the main reason for the Danish economic slowdown? The downturn in the housing market that has adversely affected private consumption growth and residential investment.
f) What other challenges is the Danish economy facing? The challenges caused by the international credit crisis.
g) Why have financial institutions announced increases in rates for certain loan products? Because of higher money market rates.
h) What will be the eventual effect of higher lending rates? They will eventually worsen the trend towards lower growth in investment and private consumption.
i) Why will there be a weak development in Danish exports in the coming years? Because of softer global growth and the weak US dollar and British pound.
j) How has the Swedish economy managed to alleviate some of the negative effects of the US slowdown? Because its exports are well diversified.
k) Why will the sharp increase in investment be reduced? Because demand has become subdued. Because of weaker demand.
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l) Why is it surprising that private consumption will slow?
Because there has been a strong rise in disposable income
m) What will happen to employment and unemployment in Sweden? Employment will fall and unemployment will pick up / increase.
n) Why is inflation expected to drop? Because the effect of higher prices of energy and food will drop out of the index during H2 2008.
o) When did Finnish economic growth slow? As early as in H2 2007.
p) What had caused the bottlenecks in Finland’s economy? Robust growth.
q) How will the downswing in export markets be reflected in the outlook for the Finnish economy? Quite mildly.
r) How will the increase in the rate affect the Norwegian economy? It will help curb growth in domestic demand over the next few years.
s) How is the effect on the Norwegian economy limited? Because of high oil prices
t) What will Norges Bank do? It will seek to stabilise inflation.
u) How will the Norwegian economy remain strong over the next years? Because oil prices will stay high and Norway will have higher interest rates compared to its trading partners.
____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________
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1.4 Tips for teacher
This is one of the central units of the book. Some teachers may prefer to start their courses with this unit. The unit contains several themes: business vocabulary types of businesses and organisations organisation of a company organisational change economic vocabulary
discussing economic trends discussing the business news trend expressions presentation skills presentation visuals
The texts used for these themes have been designed to replicate the type of texts a student will see in a working day. Some are real and some are fictitious. Students can practise reading for gist, reading intensively or summarising main points.
Aims
To introduce essential, more complex business vocabulary and terms than in unit 1.1: types of companies, their operations/functions/structure, economic and trend expressions, business news and organisational change, US and UK differences (e.g. positions in a company)
To encourage students to scan and skim business news in English in newspapers and on internet pages, being able to recognise, understand and use keywords.
To familiarise students with concise business writing and good sentence structure. To encourage students to give English – English definitions for essential terms. To encourage students to use business vocabulary in context by giving a basic company
presentation. To build on presentation skills by encouraging students to deliver a well-structured, audience-
centred company presentation. To introduce the students to creating good, supporting visuals and using balanced bullet points in
their presentations.
Other resources in the book
If you are starting your course with this unit, you might like to look at the vocabulary lists on pages 20, 21 and 22. Please also see the teacher tips for that unit for ideas how to use these.
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Language notes
recession – depression A recession is a temporary decline in economic performance and can last from about 6 - 18
months. However a depression is more severe and more prolonged - such as the Great Depression of the 1930s.
economic – economical When talking about the economy, the correct adjective is economic. Economic data etc.
Finnish students often use “economical” which means thrifty, being careful with money.
to inform – to give information about something, to tell someone about particular facts The manager informed us about the new schedule. Why wasn’t I informed about this? I was not informed of the new date. information always singular and never with an “s” For plural
lots of information pieces of information
find/gather/get/obtain information divulge/give/provide information additional background information further information accurate/detailed/factual information relevant/useful/vital information a bit/piece of information a source of information too much information information overload information retrieval information technology IT – using
computers or electronic equipment to store and send information
Prepositions information on/about/ regarding/relating to something
informative – providing a lot of useful information
informational – containing information informed – having a lot of information or
knowledge about something well-informed informer – a person who gives information
in secret informant – someone who gives
information to another person or organisation
info – informal form and common in texts or informal emails
being used in forming new words for example: o infotainment – the reporting of
news and facts in an entertaining way
o infographic – graphic visual representation of information, data (see slides and visuals later in this unit)
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o infomercial - (US) an unusually long television advertisement which
contains a lot of information and may seem like a normal programme
Organisation with an “s” in this text (and the book) – in the US commonly with a “z”. to practise In this book the verb is spelled with an “s” and practice the noun with a “c”. The Americans will use
either. The verb is the one that adds "ING" to make “practising” which looks more natural with an S before it than with a C.
Useful links
Business news http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business/ http://www.yle.fi/uutiset/news/ http://www.kauppalehti.fi/en/home/ News about Finland http://paper.li/finland www.ek.fi/www/en/economy_trade/business_tendency_surveys.php www.ek.fi/www/en/about_us/index.php Online dictionaries English-English http://www.businessdictionary.com/ http://www.economist.com/research/Economics/ http://www.economics-dictionary.com/ http://www.investorwords.com ____________________________________________________________________________________
See Extras for more material and exercises.
See the DVD for more material.
See slides for more material.
____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________
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Contents of unit
P. 42 Introduction
The title of this unit points to the text giving information – particular facts about business and companies and to students giving information in a presentation. See language tips. Let’s get down to business A phrase commonly used at the start of meetings to indicate the move from chit chat or
conversation to actually discussing serious business. The previous 3 units in this book have covered skills more than business vocabulary. Unit 1.3 discussed meetings and so the opening phrase indicates this change in focus and a
start. Let’s get down to it - commonly used to mean Let’s start packed with = completely full of - packing a suitcase, jam packed The Win Win Post is packed with business vocabulary – completely full of business
vocabulary in a small space The original text was written in spring – summer 2008 before the world had really entered economic slowdown. Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac in the US were experiencing difficulties and the world economy was talking about a “Credit Crunch”. By December 2008, the term economic recession was being used. bounce back – to be healthy again, especially after an illness. If an economy bounces back – it returns to good condition again after a recession. This
points to using trend expressions which are also dealt with in this unit. ___________________________________________________________________________________
P. 42 Anna’s blog
Ask students to write a blog post about How I feel about giving a presentation A company presentation I have seen slick professional slides - cleverly designed, glossy, chic, professional, sophisticated You can come back to this in the discussion of slides and visuals if you are covering
presentations now. If you are not, ask students what “slick” presentations they have seen. You can look for some examples in http://www.slideshare.net/ or http://prezi.com
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to practise In this book the verb is spelled with an “s” and practice the noun with a “c”. The Americans
will use either. The verb is the one that adds "ING" to make “practising” which looks more natural with an S before it than with a C.
Giving this presentation is known as a “baptism by fire” as Anna has got to do something quite tough quite early on in her work for Win Win Com. Ask students when/if they have done something which they could call a “baptism by fire”.
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P. 43 Case Alma Media
Alma Media is a key case company in the book and appears in several units. If students have not seen unit 1.1 you can take a look at Nina Hedberg’s profile on page 43. The “Year 2007 in a minute” is taken from Alma Media’s Annual Report 2007. It shows a real example of a business text and introduces students to some key terms in
context. Students can update the text and figures appropriately or find similar real examples. The teacher can discuss the types of charts seen in this short example. Bar chart Pie chart
Table (with figures)
For more charts see http://www.graphscharts.com/
This type of basic company information is useful if you have to give a short company presentation. to specialise note spelling ‘specialize’ on this page
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Pp. 44-45 The Win Win Post
The Win Win Post introduces the students to a lot of essential business vocabulary in context.
P. 44 – Business Finland: Reading Comprehension – reading for gist Ask quick questions about each piece of news to check understanding. Which company has acquired another shipping line? Why has Vinjet gained a stronger edge in the Baltic cruise market? What is Electromax planning to do? Which company has a new Chief Executive? Which company is going to launch a new product? Which company is expanding its operations across Europe? Which company is reducing its stake in Pizza Queen? Talking about the future What are IceHouse Electronics/ApexCapital/eFinn/BlinkE/Electromax planning to do?
To...
Discussion – put the words in practice Ask students to work in small groups and to use the words in the table as prompts for discussion. Start by saying something where they use one of the words in the table, and that’s the starting point for a conversation. Encourage them to really engage themselves in the conversation (active listening, asking questions, giving opinions) and not worry too much if they get sidetracked – as long as they speak English and try to keep the topic on business!
Real life practice Ask students to check business sections in different internet newspapers in English and report back to their colleagues on current hot topics. This can also be done as a homework exercise and reviewed at the beginning of the next lesson by letting students share what they found with the rest of the class. Useful links http://www.kauppalehti.fi/en/home/
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P. 46 Companies and organisations in a minute
This is a more traditional type of text introducing vocabulary not seen in the unit so far. It explains these terms while also introducing students to types of companies and organisations.
____________________________________________________________________________________
P. 47 Case S Group
Ask students to give the key points of the case. Compare the case text with the latest Internet site. Have there been any changes? Students can see what type of basic information is given here as the basis of a company
presentation (for exercise page 55). The S Group in figures can be downloaded from the website:
http://sok.fi/valtakunnallinen_en/sryhma_artikkeli?nodeid=Sryhma_raportit_0000__s_ska_basicarticle2_00901.xml&aid=Sryhma_raportit_0000__s_ska_basicarticle2_00901.xml&exp=true
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P. 48 Organisation of the company
The HR department is missing in the diagram in the book. See the slides for the correct diagram. The students need it when working on the exercise ‘Formal lines of authority’. Ask students to google “matrix organisation” and related images. Discuss also the terms flat organisational structure, lean organisation. See also Estanc organisation -case company on page 121.
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P. 48 Who’s who in a company?
White-collar worker a salaried professional or an educated worker who performs semi-professional office,
administrative, and sales coordination tasks. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White-collar_worker)
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The term originates from the days when employees who wore a white shirt and tie formed a middle-class.
Blue-collar worker a member of the working class who typically performs manual labour and earns an hourly
wage. The term originates from when factory workers wore blue overalls. Blue-collar workers are distinguished from those in the service sector and from white-collar
workers, whose jobs are not considered manual labor. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue-collar_workers)
Pink-collar worker employed in a job that is traditionally considered to be women's work.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pink-collar_worker)
knowledge worker vs manual worker (Peter Drucker in 1969) http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/knowledge-worker.html
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P. 49 Interest groups
The diagram is a stakeholder map. See http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/stakeholder.html for
definition of stakeholder. Who are the stakeholders or interest groups of the company examples you have discussed in class? Use local companies. Compare the stakeholders with larger companies.
The difference between shareholder thinking and stakeholder thinking can be discussed here. For instance students can search the net for stakeholder thinking.
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P. 49 Organisational change
See page 44 and discuss the examples of change. Use online/media material to discuss recent examples. Go local or global depending on your students.
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Alternatively, give the names of some companies from recent well known examples on the board/screen. Ask students to use a verb to say what has happened to them. See also headline style page 50 some examples from spring 2011
o Bonnier acquires WSOY (present tense is headline style) o Rovio is rapidly expanding its activities in broadcast media, merchandising,
publishing and services. o Finland’s Cleantech business growing/expanding (to China, India).
____________________________________________________________________________________
P. 50 Reading, reporting and presenting the business news in English
Look at current business news. Look at headlines of the day on the links below to find examples of each of news items. This will also encourage students to read the business news in English. In scanning the
pages, they will see vocabulary in context. Students can also write and create some fun examples of their own.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business/ http://www.yle.fi/uutiset/news/
If you or students have Twitter accounts, you can check the recent tweets or what news is trending. Tweets are updates in 160 characters. Without a Twitter account, you can still read trending tweets from Twitter’s homepage.
http://twitter.com/, e.g. https://twitter.com/#/FT With a Twitter account you can create your own daily/weekly newspaper. http://paper.li/
o See for example: http://paper.li/finland ____________________________________________________________________________________
P. 51 Presentation skills 2 Presenting company facts
Use this to reinforce vocabulary. As a formal exercise, students can prepare this for homework. As an informal exercise, use examples of companies given in class or companies students work for and do it as a filler or warmer exercise.
The Win Win Deal reality show
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Teachers can adapt this to fit the class. The idea is loosely based on ‘The Apprentice’ television show known as ‘Diili’ in Finland.
Pitching a business idea comes in 1.5 – but if it fits the class here, do it now and refer to page 69.
____________________________________________________________________________________
P. 52 EK business trend survey
Activity with students: How have things changed since 2008 when the articles in the book were originally written? Or have they changed? What predictions can you make about the future of the service sector, industry and
construction in Finland/globally?
www.ek.fi/www/en/economy_trade/business_tendency_surveys.php www.ek.fi/www/en/about_us/index.php
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P. 53 Expressing economic trends
Group work/discussion ideas: The Great Depression The baby boom The bursting of the dot com bubble Black Monday The global economic recession of 2008 –
____________________________________________________________________________________
P. 54 Highlight all trend expression in the Finnfacts text and the following press release
Students have already seen a lot of trend expressions in this unit and should be able to identify some of them in this quite complex economic press release. Understanding some key terms is more important than understanding every single word at this stage. Find current links by searching with keywords ‘current economic trends/climate’.
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____________________________________________________________________________________
P. 55 Presentation skills 3 Giving a company presentation
Adapt this to your students/class as appropriate.
Listen and watch the company presentation by David Stoneham from Nokia on the DVD. While students watch ask them to Listen for presentation phrases: introduction, road map, signposting, conclusion Look at how the speaker shows visuals. Look at and comment on after the presentation:
delivery: non-verbals, style, voice, intonation, gestures etc.
In class – discuss What makes a good presentation?
make notes in groups and present your findings to others Do this exercise before reading pp. 55-62 and complete findings after reading. Make your own company presentation basics opening, signposting etc. present to class/group/your pair Let students find the companies to present.
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P. 55 Using a win-win approach to giving presentations
The main point or idea behind the win-win approach is to show the student that the most important thing they need to remember when giving a presentation is the audience. You may prefer to drop the term “win-win approach” in favour of “audience-centred presentation”. Presenters often focus far too much on their own performance rather than what the audience will get from the presentation for instance.
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Encourage students to give a presentation on a topic they know or are interested in so that they can concentrate on their delivery and really giving the audience something instead of focusing on getting the facts straight.
____________________________________________________________________________________
P. 61 What is wrong with the list of bullet points in the presentation slide below?
The list is not balanced as each point should carry on and complete the phrase “To save costs …” and be grammatically correct.
The correct version of this is on page 62. The list follows and finishes the verb should (“the company”)
Another example of a non-balanced list Visuals do not distract from the speaker support the message increase audience attention
As a balanced or parallel list this would become: Visuals support the speaker add to the message increase audience attention
Please stress that this only applies to slides if bullets have to be used and cannot be avoided. Try to encourage a breakaway from bullet points in slides. Stress that balanced lists are also important in business writing such as in writing reports when bulleted or numbered points break the text up for the reader.
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P. 62 Write balanced bullets or headline style points for your presentation in the slides below
This can be done in class. Write some example imaginary bullet points about news items, the companies presented in the unit or the Win Win Post for instance. You can give the starter phrase and ask students to complete bullet points:
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Electromax plans to • cut 750 jobs • close Oulunsalo factory • save €14 million in costs • move production to low-cost countries
Heyho Inc expects to • increase online advertising revenues • grow dramatically over next 3 years • become industry leader
A sole trader is someone who • sets up a business of his/her own • bears the risks of the business alone • enjoys the profits of the business alone
____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________
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PL 780, 00043 EDITA puhelin 02 450 05, faksi 020 450 2380
[email protected] www.edita.fi/netmarket
SÄHKÖISEN AINEISTON KÄYTTÖOIKEUKSIEN EHDOT Nämä ehdot koskevat Edita Publishing Oy:n verkossa (esim. Oppinet ja Netmarket) jaettavia sähköisiä aineistoja. Sähköisten aineistojen käyttöoikeus on tilaaja- ja tuotekohtainen. Aineisto on tarkoitettu vain tilaajan hyödynnettäväksi. Käyttöoikeuden lainaaminen, siirtäminen ja jakaminen eteenpäin on tekijänoikeuslain nojalla kielletty. Tilaajalla on oikeus käyttää hankkimaansa sähköistä aineistoa omalta työasemaltaan tai tulostaa omaan käyttöön aineistoa paperille. Oppilaitoslisenssillä hankitun aineiston voi jakaa oppilaitoksen sisällä lisenssin voimassaolon ajan, esimerkiksi laitoksen suojatussa ja rajatussa intranetissä. Sähköisen materiaalin muuttaminen on kiellettyä paitsi opettajan oppaiden osalta, joiden materiaalia voi tarvittaessa muokata oppimis- ja opetustarkoituksessa. Aineistoa saa käyttää muun julkaisuaineiston yhteydessä vain normaalin sitaattioikeuden puitteissa. Aineiston tulostaminen muuhun kuin tilaajan omaan käyttöön on kiellettyä tekijänoikeuslain nojalla. Edita Publishing Oy pidättää kaikki oikeudet sähköisen aineiston sisältöihin ja varaa oikeuden niitä koskeviin muutoksiin. Aineiston ja sen osien jakelu sähköisiä tiedostoja kopioimalla tai levittämällä, jäljentäminen ilman tekijän kirjallista lupaa painamalla, monistamalla, äänittämällä tai muulla tavoin on tekijänoikeuslain mukaisesti kielletty. Kopiosto ry:n tarkastajilla on oikeus tarkistaa, miten tämän tuotteen käyttö on järjestetty asiakkaiden hallinnassa olevissa tietokoneissa ja tietoverkoissa. .
1 2_1_EXTRAS
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2.1 Extras
Contents
1. The EU in a minute ........................................................................................................................... 2
a) Make notes on the following: ......................................................................................................... 2
b) Discuss the EU in pairs or give mini-presentations. ........................................................................ 2
c) Write full sentences on the EU based on your notes. ..................................................................... 2
2. EU Parliament and Decision Making ................................................................................................ 3
a) Read the text below. ................................................................................................................. 3
b) Make a slideshow ...................................................................................................................... 5
c) Summarise the text in 200-250 words ......................................................................................... 5
d) Describe in class the Finnish elections and government negotiations of spring 2011 ............. 5
3. EU abbreviations – What do the following stand for? ..................................................................... 6
4. Globalisation in brief ........................................................................................................................ 7
a) Summarising .................................................................................................................................... 7
b) Advantages and disadvantages of globalisation ............................................................................. 7
c) Explaining figures and charts ........................................................................................................... 7
5. Written messages in international trade ......................................................................................... 8
6. Packing list for email on p. 126 ........................................................................................................ 9
7. Methods of payment in internet trade – case SJR ......................................................................... 10
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1. The EU in a minute
Read and research the EU. See the DVD and/or read the text on exercise 2.
a) Make notes on the following:
Members Origins Institutions Schengen Single market Euro
b) Discuss the EU in pairs or give mini-presentations.
c) Write full sentences on the EU based on your notes.
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2. EU Parliament and Decision Making
a) Read the text below.
Decision Making in Finland and the European Union The main organ of government in Finland is Parliament, which enacts laws, decides the national
budget, processes international treaties, selects the Prime Minister and supervises the activities of the government. Parliament also has a major role in decision making in matters related to the EU.
The decision making system is much more complicated in the EU. There is also a special challenge in uniting national and international levels of government. Work in Parliament
Finnish laws are enacted in the plenary session of Parliament. Before the plenary session, drafts of the proposed law are prepared by the government, but a Member of Parliament (MP) can also propose a bill. Processing the national budget is important in Parliament. Parliament supervises the activities of government and public administration politically as well as judicially. Political supervision means that the government needs to have the majority vote of Parliament.
A bill is always processed in two readings. A majority of amendments and new laws are enacted from bills prepared by the government.
Parliament decides Finnish stand on EU-related matters which fall under Parliament's jurisdiction because of their content. Members of Parliament also work in international organisations and participate in co-operation between parliaments. Preliminary Debate, Committees, Plenary Session and the President
Processing a bill starts from the preliminary debate, from which bills are sent to a committee. After being processed by the committee, the bill is returned to the plenary session. The Committee has usually made some changes to the bill. In the first reading, content of the law is decided, in the second Parliament decides whether the bill should be ratified or not. Decisions are usually based on majority vote, but in constitutional matters decisions are based on stipulated majority. After that the so called Parliament's answer is sent to the President for ratification.
The documents and information on their processing handled in Parliament are public records which can be accessed through Parliament's website. Parliament and Budget
Parliament decides during the autumn the state revenues and expenditure for the following year. The budget is prepared in the committees, of which the Finance Committee has a central role. The whole Parliament decides upon the committee's proposal and the amendments suggested by the MPs.
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Supervising the Government
The government must have the confidence of Parliament. For supervision Parliament receives all necessary information regarding the activities of the government and its authorities. Parliament processes many reports concerning the activities of various governmental bodies.
MPs can present written and oral questions to a minister. At least 20 MPs are needed to interpolate the government's policies or the activities of a minister, after which the government's confidence is voted on. Parliament can decide to press charges if a minister is thought to have acted unlawfully in official affairs. Position and Functions of the President
The Finnish President has functions in legislation, regulation and appointment. The focus of supreme executive power is more clearly in the hands of the Council of State. This has been greatly influenced by EU membership.
After the elections or after the government resigns the President announces the name of the candidate for Prime Minister to Parliament. The candidate is selected in co-operation with the parliamentary factions. Parliament selects the Prime Minister, whom the President appoints. The President appoints other ministers according to the Prime Minister's suggestions. Prime Minister and other ministers form the Council of State, which is usually called government. The President adjudicates in the Council of State by the introduction of the minister, whose sphere of authority the matter is.
The President leads Finnish foreign policy in co-operation with the Council of State. Parliament adopts international commitments and decides on their termination. President decides war and peace with the assent of Parliament. The President can, on the basis of the Prime Minister's initiative and after hearing the parliamentary factions, order the holding of unscheduled parliamentary elections. Functions of Parliament in Decision Making Regarding EU
The Council of State prepares on the national level the decisions to be made in the EU and takes care of necessary actions when parliamentary approval is not needed. Parliament decides the Finnish stand on matters processed in the EU, when their content falls under Parliament's jurisdiction. Parliament's special committees issue a statement on matters relating to the EU. After that Parliament's stand is decided in the Grand Committee and in the Foreign Affairs Committee in matters relating to foreign and security policy.
The Grand Committee is Parliament's committee in matters relating to the EU. It provides parliamentary supervision in EU decision making. Special committees issue statements to the Grand Committee in their own fields. The Grand Committee decides matters based on the proposals from the EU, position of the Council of State and statements of the special committees.
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The stand given by the Grand Committee is a political guideline for the Finnish representatives. Before each meeting of the Council of the European Union the minister representing Finland will explain the subjects of the meeting and the Finnish stand in the Grand Committee. Decision Making in European Union
There are three main forces involved in the decision making process in the EU. The European Commission has a representative from each member state, whose goal is to advocate the benefit for the whole Union. The European Parliament is selected via direct elections. Ministers representing their own sphere of authority meet in the Council of the European Union. In practice it therefore meets with a different line-up depending on the matters under discussion.
The procedure of the EU decision making is set in the treaties of the EU. Bills should always be based on some article in a treaty. This is called the judicial basis of the bill. The judicial basis governs which legislative process is used in the matter. Main procedures are consultation procedure, assent procedure and codecision procedure.
Codecision procedure is currently used the most. In this procedure Parliament and Council use the legislative power. If Council and Parliament cannot reach an agreement, the bill is forwarded to a Conciliation Committee, in which Council and Parliament have representatives in equal numbers. When the Committee has reached an agreement, the bill is handed back to Parliament and Council for ratification.
In the assent procedure, Council must have the assent of the European Parliament before certain important decisions. Parliament must either adopt or reject such proposals. In the consultation procedure the Council of European Union consults the Parliament, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions.
The European Council, i.e. the meeting of the heads of state, is usually the most publicly visible meeting. In this Euro summit the Prime Ministers deal with wider matters relating to the EU.
b) Make a slideshow
Make a short slideshow to accompany a presentation on this topic by a speaker.
c) Summarise the text in 200-250 words
d) Describe in class the Finnish elections and government negotiations of spring 2011
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3. EU abbreviations – What do the following stand for?
EC
ECA
ECB
ECOS
ECU
EDA
EDF
EEA
EEA
EESC
EFTA
EIB
EICs
EIF
EMI
EMS
EMU
EP
EPA
ERDF
ERM
ESCB
ESF
EURES
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4. Globalisation in brief
a) Summarising
Summarise the main points of the text in your own words in 200-250 words
b) Advantages and disadvantages of globalisation
Discuss in class what are the advantages and disadvantages of globalisation. Use the text on p. 105-106 to create a list of points.
c) Explaining figures and charts
Find updated trade figures and/or charts from WTO and write a few sentences about each figure using your own notes on pages 53 and 308. www.wto.org.
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5. Written messages in international trade
Exercises coming soon!
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6. Packing list for email on p. 126
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7. Methods of payment in internet trade – case SJR
Extra reading for p. 120
The methods of payment available with the company can be a crucial factor in how likely a potential customer will make an order. Even though the service itself might be what the customer is looking for in terms of properties and price, getting an order is not necessarily guaranteed if the methods of payment available are too limited or complicated. This factor alone might actually drive the customer to use a rival company. Homepage-SJR supports almost all of the common methods of payment in Finland such as secure bank payments through internet browser, major credit cards, paper invoices and invoices in digital format via email.
The e-invoice is gradually becoming more common, and with it the customers see their new invoices on their web-banking page when they log into their secure account with their own bank. Most customers however still prefer to receive their invoices on paper by mail but Homepage-SJR can also send them in a digital format via email from which a paper copy can always be printed if necessary. As long as the contact email is kept up to date, invoices are delivered to the right person on time despite any potential problems with snail mail or change of street address. This is one of the reasons why sending invoices by email has increased its popularity with the customer base in the Homepage-SJR.
See also the company website in www.sjrhost.fi.
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2.1 Vocabulary
Contents Page 103 The Win Win Post ................................................................................................................ 2
Pages 105-106 Globalisation in brief................................................................................................... 5
Page 110 Communication in international trade between buyer and seller ...................................... 8
Page 114 Routine email inquiries and replies to inquiries .................................................................. 9
Page 116 Email communication for orders, quotations and follow-up ............................................ 10
Page 118 Requesting payment .......................................................................................................... 11
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Page 103 The Win Win Post
achieve saavuttaa
adjustment sopeutuminen
adverse epäedullinen, vahingollinen
agreement sopimus
agricultural maatalouden-
aim at tavoitella jtk
alliance liittoutuminen
application soveltaminen
arms aseet
assist auttaa, avustaa
barrel tynnyri
bi-lateral kahdenvälinen
bloc ryhmittymä
by degrees asteittain
call on vaatia, vedota
claim väittää
clearance tullaus
concession myönnytys, alennus
consequence seuraamus, seuraus
consolidate lujittaa
contemplate harkita, miettiä
continue jatkua
continuous jatkuva
contribution avustus
crude oil raakaöljy
curb hillitä
customs policy tullin toimintatapa
deal sopimus
decrease vähentää
dispute kiista
dispute riita
donate lahjoittaa
draft luonnostella
effective tehokas
effort pyrkimys
embargo saarto
encompass käsittää, kattaa
encourage rohkaista
export duty vientitulli
expression ilmaus
foreign trade ulkomaankauppa
free trade vapaakauppa
freight rahti, kuljetus
fuel surcharges polttoainelisä
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haulage kuljetus
import tuonti, tuoda maahan
impose pakottaa käyttämään
improve kohentaa
in conflict with ristiriidassa jnk kanssa
increase nostaa
leverage vaikutuskeino
liberalise vapauttaa
lift poistaa
means keinot
measure toimenpide
multilateral monenkeskinen
negotiation neuvottelu
pact sopimus
polluting saastuttava
poverty reduction köyhyyden vähentäminen
profitability kannattavuus
promote edistää
protectionism suojatullijärjestelmä
quota kiintiö
raw timber raakapuu
reform uudistus
regime hallinto, hallitusjärjestelmä
regional alueellinen
resource-intensive paljon resursseja tarvitseva
retailer vähittäiskauppias
round of talks neuvottelukierros
sanction pakote, painostus
smash hajottaa
state valtio
stir tension kiristää paineita
stranded juuttunut
subsidy tuki
take effect astua voimaan
take off päästä vauhtiin
talks neuvottelut
tariff maksu
terminate lopettaa
threaten uhata
timber puutavara
toughen koventaa
trade kauppa
trading kaupankäynti
under threat uhattuna
unpredictable ennalta arvaamaton
unprofitable kannattamaton
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upcoming tuleva
urge kehottaa
vessel alus
willing halukas
WTO, World Trade Organization
maailman kauppajärjestö
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Pages 105-106 Globalisation in brief
accelerate kiihtyä
account for vastata
accounting laskentatoimi
acquire hankkia, ostaa
activity toiminta
advanced uudenaikainen
advantage etu, hyöty
affordable edullinen
agricultural maatalous-
awareness tietoisuus
barrier este
belong to kuulua jhnk
blame for syyttää jstk
boom noususuunta
border raja
century vuosisata
climate change ilmastonmuutos
competition kilpailu
conduct hoitaa
consequence seuraamus
continent manner
continue jatkaa
corporation yritys
create saada aikaan
damage tuho
decrease vähentyä
demand kysyntä
depend on olla riippuvainen jstk
deregulation sääntelyn poistaminen
distant kaukainen
economics liiketalous
eliminate poistaa
energy-efficient energiatehokas
enormous valtava
enterprise yritys
essential tärkeä
establish perustaa
event tapahtuma
exercise toteuttaa
exist olla olemassa
expand laajentaa
exploit hyödyntää
explosion räjähdysmäinen kasvu
failure epäonnistuminen
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finance rahoitus
financial transaction rahaliikenne
foreign direct
investments suorat ulkomaiset investoinnit
government hallitus
gross domestic
product bruttokansantuote
growth kasvu
however kuitenkin
impact vaikutus
in brief lyhyesti
increase lisätä, kasvu
inequality epätasa-arvo
instability epävakaisuus
instant messaging pikaviestintä
interdependence riippuvuussuhde
investor sijoittaja
labour työvoima
lecturer luennoitsija
legal lakimääräinen
limited rajoitettu
loss häviäminen
manufacture valmistaa
market force markkinavoima
movement liike
natural disaster luonnon mullistus
operation toiminta
otherwise muutoin
previous edeltävä
process prosessi
product tuote
promote edistää
protect suojella
provide toimittaa
quantity määrä
recent years viime vuodet
reconsider harkita uudelleen
recover voimistua
reduce vähentää
regard as pitää jnk
regulatory sääntely
represent kuvastaa
result seuraus
reverse kääntyä vastakkaiseksi
rival kilpailija
significantly merkittävästi
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success onnistuminen
supply tarjonta
take effect alkaa vaikuttaa
temporarily väliaikaisesti
trade käydä kauppaa
transfer siirtää
transportation kuljetus
unemployment työttömyys
value arvo
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Page 110 Communication in international trade between buyer and seller
buyer ostaja
conception luominen
contract sopimus
development kehittäminen
handle käsitellä
in general ylipäänsä
negotiate neuvotella
obtain hankkia
offer tarjous
order tilaus
procurement hankinta
product tuote
reach saavuttaa
reflect pohtia
sales myynti
seller myyjä
situation tilanne
successful onnistunut
supply chain toimitusketju
trade kaupankäynti
transaction kaupankäynti
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Page 114 Routine email inquiries and replies to inquiries
accompanying saatteena oleva
approach lähestymistapa
at stake kyseessä
attachment liite (sähköpostin)
benefit etuus
case tapaus
compliments slip "kiitoslappunen"
enclose liittää
form lomake
general yleinen
inquiry tiedustelu
mutual keskinäinen
necessary tarpeen
potential mahdollinen
product tuote
relationship suhde
reply vastaus
separate erillinen
suggest antaa ymmärtää
supplier tavarantoimittaja
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Page 116 Email communication for orders, quotations and follow-up
attach liittää
brief lyhyt
follow-up seuranta
format muoto
order tilaus
quotation tilaus
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Page 118 Requesting payment
alternatively vaihtoehtoisesti
application vaatimus
appropriately asiaankuuluvasti
aspect näkökulma
collection perintä
common yleinen
customer asiakas
detail yksityiskohta
documentary
collection asiakirjaperittävä
documentary credit remburssi
fail laiminlyödä
form kaavake
formality muodollisuus
in advance etukäteen
insist vaatia
invoice lasku
late myöhästynyt
legal action oikeustoimenpide
payment maksusuoritus
promptly ajallaan
reason syy
regularly jatkuvasti
reminder muistutus
request vaatia, pyytää
subsequent seuraava
supplier tavarantoimittaja
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Answers for exercises 2.1
Contents Answers for exercises in the book .......................................................................................................... 2
P. 107 What do the following abbreviations and acronyms for international organisations and agreements stand for? ........................................................................................................................ 2
P. 117 Supply a suitable SMART subject heading in the following email ........................................... 2
P. 118 Delivery documents .................................................................................................................. 3
Answers for extra exercises..................................................................................................................... 4
3. EU abbreviations – what do the following stand for? ..................................................................... 4
5. Written messages in international trade ........................................................................................ 4
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Answers for exercises in the book
P. 107 What do the following abbreviations and acronyms for international organisations and
agreements stand for?
APEC Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, www.apec.org/
GATT The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, www.gatt.org/
IMF International Monetary Fund, www.imf.org
NAFTA North American Free Trade Agreement, www.naftanow.org/
NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization, www.nato.int
SAFTA South Asian Free Trade Area
UN The United Nations, www.un.org/
UNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, www.unctad.org
WB World Bank, www.worldbank.org/
WTO World Trade Organization, www.wto.org/
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P. 117 Supply a suitable SMART subject heading in the following email
Suggestions for a suitable SMART subject heading ● Concern about progress of oil tank delivery please advise ● Confirmation of oil tank delivery progress needed ● Oil tank delivery progress manufacturing and site visit info needed ____________________________________________________________________________________
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P. 118 Delivery documents
____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________
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Answers for extra exercises
3. EU abbreviations – what do the following stand for?
EC European Community
ECA European Court of Auditors
ECB European Central Bank
ECOS European city cooperation system
ECU European currency unit (now the euro)
EDA European Defence Agency
EDF European Development Fund
EEA European Economic Area
EEA European Economic Area
EESC European Economic and Social Committee
EFTA European Free Trade Association
EIB European Investment Bank
EICs Euro Info Centres
EIF European Investment Fund
EMI European Monetary Institute
EMS European Monetary System
EMU Economic and monetary union
EP European Parliament
EPA Environment Protection Agency
ERDF European Regional Development Fund
ERM exchange rate mechanism
ESCB European System of Central Banks
ESF European Social Fund
EURES European employment services
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5. Written messages in international trade
Answers coming soon! ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________
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2.1 Tips for the teacher
This first unit in section 2 moves outside the company and the domestic market. The unit builds on writing skills from unit 1.7 introducing the student to writing between buyers and sellers. The unit also builds on business vocabulary from units 1.4 and 1.5 with the focus now on international trade.
Aims
To introduce additional essential business vocabulary in the context of international trade, import and export, globalisation and the EU
To look at real business messages and documents in context to build on writing skills
Other resources in the book
If you are using the book to teach business writing skills, take unit 1.7 first, then 2.1 and 2.2 (and some elements from 2.3). If you are teaching English for international business/trade and students already have basic business vocabulary you can use 2.1 with 3.6
Language notes
Internationalisation and globalisation are spelt with “s” here The spelling with “z” in the quote on page 102 is from the original version on the WTO website. See also the notes to accompany the introduction for words with “inter”. See also the notes to accompany the Win Win Post. See also the notes on “the EU” for page 104. See also the notes on inquire/inquiry for page 110. vendor can also be used for supplier procurement http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/procurement.html
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Useful links
http://www.buyusa.gov/finland/en/market.html http://www.wto.org/ http://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/finland_e.htm http://europa.eu/index_en.htm http://www.stat.fi/index_en.html
http://www.apec.org/ http://www.gatt.org/ http://www.imf.org http://www.naftaworks.org/ http://www.un.org/en/ http://www.worldbank.org/
____________________________________________________________________________________
See Extras for more material and exercises.
See the DVD for more material.
See slides for more material.
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Contents of unit
P. 102 Introduction
Note the spelling of integrated (not intergrated as many write).
International trade – trade between nations Prefix “inter” means among or between Ask students how many words they can make with the prefix inter intercept interchain interchange intercourse interfere intergalactic
interject interlocate interlock intermission intermittent international
internet interracial interRail interrupt interstate interview
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Compare the prefix ‘intra’ which means within intrapersonal internet vs. intranet
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P. 102 Anna’s blog
Ask students in class Do you shop local? Do you buy local products? Where do the clothes you are wearing come from? Where was the breakfast/food/lunch you ate this morning/lunchtime
produced/grown/made?
retail therapy what do students understand by this?
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P. 102 Quotes
Have students noticed the two different spellings of globalisation on this page? globalisation (s – UK) and globalization (z US) Z spelling is left here as it was in original quote otherwise the “s” spelling has been used in
this book. ____________________________________________________________________________________
P. 103 The Win Win Post
The news items were based on topical items in summer 2008. For example see the original full news stories on the following links:
http://www.hs.fi/english/article/Russian+wood+tariffs+could+threaten+economic+viability+of+Saimaa+Canal/1135227591760
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/7447786.stm http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2008-05/13/content_8157039.htm http://www.wto.org/english/res_e/reser_e/wtr08_e.htm
Update and add current news items using the relevant vocabulary.
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Collect word groups. You can also ask students to use a good dictionary to find collocations/prepositions/expressions that are typically used with the words and create mind maps etc. for them. import export customs quota free trade protectionism multilateral
bi-lateral regional bloc cartel dispute embargo sanctions
subsidy reform concession surplus adverse unfavourable leverage
Prepositions:
tariff on embargo on duty on surcharge on to impose... on... invest in
contribution to result in in the latest round import from a
country to/into a country
export from a country to a country
traffic on the canal
Collocations, expressions etc:
import
− imports − importer − import duty (pl. duties)/import
surcharge − an import-export company − direct import − visible imports − cheap imports − imported goods
export − exports − exporter − direct/indirect export − re-export − visible export
− export credit − major/leading importer
customs − customs agent / customs officer − customs declaration − customs duty − Customs and Excise (UK)
Customs Service (US) quota
− to impose/introduce quotas − to increase/raise/reduce a quota − to achieve/fill/make/meet/reach
a quota free trade
− a free-trade agreement / area / zone
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trade − trade balance − trade barrier − trade deficit − trade war − trading partner
protectionism − protectionist − protection for sth/sb − protection of sth/sb − protection against sth − protection from sth − protective tariff − consumer protection − employment protection − investor protection
dispute − to be involved in / have / resolve
/ settle a dispute − industrial / labour / pay disputes
embargo − to enforce/impose an embargo
on sth − to place / put an embargo on sth − to end / lift an embargo − an arms / oil / a trade embargo
sanctions − to apply / impose / lift sanctions
− economic / financial / trade sanctions
subsidy − government / indirect / public /
state subsidies − to get / qualify for / receive a
subsidy − to give / grant / pay / provide a
subsidy reform
− corporate / economic / financial / structural reform
− to carry out / introduce reforms − to call for / discuss / plan /
propose reforms concession
− to demand / seek / win concessions
− to make / offer concessions surplus
− in surplus − consumer trade − surplus
leverage − use sth as leverage − leverage up − over-leveraged − debt leverage
Ask students to find recent news or other information related to similar themes as in the Win Win Post (e.g. Finland Russia trade disputes, Finland’s work on poverty reduction, recent activities at WTO and OPEC etc.). They should be prepared to share their findings with their class mates.
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P. 104 The EU and legal transactions in business
In conversation we use the definite article The EU The EEA The EC as adjective: EU policy In formal writing, it is acceptable to write the abbreviation EU without explaining it in full.
See the interview with Ross Kamarul-Baharin on the DVD in which he explains the functions of the EU to accompany the diagrams on page 104. These diagrams are also in the slides.
Glossary of terms was given by Ross Kamarul-Baharin to accompany his DVD interview. See extra exercises and answers for more ideas.
http://europa.eu/abc/index_en.htm http://iate.europa.eu
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P. 105 Globalisation in Brief
Let students listen to the DVD and try the vocabulary and comprehension exercises before they read the text.
Let students prepare mini-presentations and present and explain the charts in the book (figures 1, 2 and 3). These are in the slides.
Correction: Michael Keaney is senior lecturer
An oligopoly - the domination of a market by a few firms. ___________________________________________________________________________________
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P. 107 Trade at the national and company level
Let students research innovation: what is it? how is it measured? what kind of innovation activity is there in Finland / other countries? etc. See for example www.stat.fi
Students could make their own creative sentences following “the more … the more ..” structure such as: The more innovative Nokia is, the more effectively it will sell its products. The better Nokia phones are, the more they will sell. The more innovative Nokia becomes, the stronger its competitive advantage will be The higher the productivity of Finnish companies, the more efficiently Finland can use its resources.
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P. 108-109 Company cases
Fondberg – note for use as a marketing case Marketing alcoholic beverages is permitted to some extent in Finland but is regulated by
law. Spirits cannot be marketed or promoted to the consumers. Sales of wine products can be much improved by marketing and good press reviews. For example, if Viini magazine rates some product as a “find!” the Alko shelves are empty the very same day and the importer is rushing to place new orders to fulfil the demand.
Ask students to make a SWOT analysis of the companies given here or their own examples. Discuss and compare the results. For some ideas for SWOT analysis and a video to show in class see: http://marketingteacher.com/lesson-store/lesson-swot.html Local company presentations (and for page 110) Ask students to either research local companies involved in international trade or invent
some. Ask students to present mini-cases/SWOT analysis for each company in class. Students can
build short slides or notes on the board as in the bullet points in the vignettes here. Large company examples: Starbucks Nike Walmart at
http://www.corporatejourney2u.com/business/business-swot-analysis.html
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Alternatively if students know it, conduct PEST analysis http://www.marketingteacher.com/lesson-store/lesson-pest.html
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P. 110 Presentations
a) Encourage students to find local examples. Use the company’s website and summarise their international operations. Use bullet points for basic company information. Show examples in class. b) For phrases for social speeches see page 167
c) International organisations – see some links at start of this material Students can prepare this for homework. Ask students to give basic facts and details about the organization rather than complex information.
SWOT analysis of NGOs as trade partners: http://www.tradeforum.org/news/fullstory.php/aid/1042
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P. 110 – 111 Communication in international trade between buyer and seller
If students have not yet seen unit 1.7 on writing, please ask them to read the basic guidelines to writing emails first before starting with these messages. See the “purchasing process” diagram in the PowerPoint slide. inquiry / inquire can also be enquiry / enquire but this book uses inquiry to inquire about something – to ask someone for information an inquiry – a question you ask to get information inquire whether/how/why + indirect/reported question
I’d like to inquire whether your products are available. I’d like to inquire how I can do it. We’d like to inquire why your shipment has not yet arrived. to inquire further = to ask more questions
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P.111 Examples of written messages in international trade (diagram)
You can go through the diagram in class as a process while discussing the channels of communication at the same time. Or you/students can act out mini-situations in class to illustrate the process, from meeting a potential supplier/vendor at a trade fair or from receiving a phone call. Ask students: What communication channels or media are the most appropriate for sending these messages? (p.110) If students are working, they can share their real experiences. If students are not working and have little experience, ask them to write possible channels
on the diagram. See also extras Case SJR for ideas.
Email , telephone, fax, letter – which is the most common today? Electronic order system EOS
Electronic order form EOF Enterprise software
e.g. SAP - Systems, Applications and Products in Data Processing See http://www.sap.com/index.epx#/solutions/index.epx
CRM Customer relationship management software/databases SRM Supplier relationship management See also page 282 http://www.hansaworld.com/global
Video on CRM by Hansaworld at http://www.hansaworld.com/onlinedemos/crmstandalone http://downloads.hansaworld.com/downloads/partners/CRMbyHansaWorld_20101025.pdf
Invoice forms Telephone procurement forms – for use when obtaining quotations by phone Procurement documents – search for examples on the internet – such as
http://www.tutorialspoint.com/management_concepts/procurement_documents.htm http://www.mango.org.uk/Guide/ProcurementExampleDocs
Social media for promotional material How are companies using social media to engage customers – present and potential?
Facebook pages etc.
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P. 112 Examples of written messages in international trade
Overview of the messages on pages 112-120 Inquiry letter, page 112 Reply to inquiry letter, page 113 (on Win Win Com headed paper) 4 point plan in routine replies, page 114 A follow-up email inquiry, page 115 Reply to email inquiry, page 115 Email communication for orders, quotations and follow-up, page 116 Routine order, page 116 Request for quotation, page 116 Email accompanying quotation, page 117 Follow-up email, page 117 (See answers for subject heading) Example of a first reminder, page 118 Example of a second reminder, page 119 Example of a final warning, page 119 Example of a complaint, page 119 Handling the complaint and apologising, page 120 *Please see page 121 for information on the company Estanc. The section starts with two letters to give two formal examples and show how the 4 point plan works in letters. You can discuss in class to what extent letters are actually sent today in these cases. You can refer back to the 4 point plan for emails on page 95. The 4 point plan for routine replies to inquiries is on page 114. Identify the 4 points in the 2 letters. These letters are polite and formal. The sender and receiver do not know each other and are being courteous to build a good relationship and seal a potential deal. Point out the more formal tone and style elements of the letters in contrast to emails. For example Salutations
Dear Mr … Complimentary close
Yours sincerely Full forms of verbs rather than contractions
I would be (not ‘I’d be’) Polite requests
Could you please send us …?
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Polite language Do let me know Thank you for (not ‘thanks’) I would be more than happy to
Enc With letters we enclose documents With emails we attach them
P. 112 You and your students might find that the actual original inquiry in the letter from Estanc CEO is not very specific. Is it clear if he is asking for solutions for the whole Estanc company? Perhaps at this stage in the correspondence it does not matter but being specific and including all essential details for your reader is an important part of the win-win approach. The receiver should not need to send further messages asking questions to find out things which could already have been given in the original for instance. The CEO has given a deadline for receiving the information. Markku Peltonen has replied promptly (email would have been much faster!). Estanc As is the official Estonian name for the firm.
AS ESTANC is on the real headed paper. Correction – the date on the letter on page 113 is not in the correct place for Finnish layout. Enc can also be written ENC or ENCS, Encl or Enclosure
In this case the enclosures are identified. The reader has been alerted to them in the text (in the enclosed catalogue, I enclose details ...)
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P. 114 Routine email inquiries and replies to inquiries
P. 114 business to business is not hyphenated here but can also be written business-to-business or B2B Correction to 4 point plan box ROUTINE REPLIES TO INQUIRIES Students can identify the 4 points in the emails.
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The closing is often something simple such as “Looking forward to your order” but stress how friendly and positive this type of close is early on in the correspondence. P. 115 Ask students Where did the buyer and seller in the follow-up email meet? Who are they?
o At the World Food Fair. o Buyer Crossroads Supermarkets UK buying for a range called Tasty Destinations
Delicatessen o Seller Finnish food/berry company
What have they done since their first meeting? o The Finnish food company has sent some berry samples to Crossroads. They sent
these immediately after the fair, so prompt action as promised in their meeting. o The follow-up email has a specific subject heading which when replied to will
facilitate everyone finding the emails in the chain. See extra exercises for ideas on setting up similar situations for email practice with your
students, for example in your online learning environment.
Ideas for practising written correspondence: 1) Find an example of a promotional material (brochures, flyers, ads...) that a company uses or ask your students to find it. Spend a few minutes discussing the kind of language used in the material (eg. what kind of information is provided, how the products are described and what kind of describing words are used - how the company convinces the readers that their product is worth buying). 2) Ask students to work in pairs/groups and quickly brainstorm an idea for a company (company name, line of business, best-selling product). 3) Ask students to write a short ad for marketing their best-selling product. 4) Once the ads are finished, deliver each pair / group an ad from another pair / group. 5) Study the use of the 4 point plan and win-win approach in inquiries (p.112) together with the students and then ask them to write an inquiry where they request more information on the product in the ad delivered to them. 6) Once the inquiries are finished, deliver the inquiries to the correct companies and ask them to write a reply to the inquiry (see p. 113 for an example). 7) The same idea could be taken all the way to quotations, orders, order confirmation, delivery documents etc. for example by using your virtual learning environment where students can produce the written messages.
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P. 117 Supply a suitable SMART subject heading in the following email
The email is a real one related to the case. It contains three requests so finding one subject line in a few words is tricky. Which is the most important request? Does the reader know what he/she is expected to do
and by when? Who is dear all? How could the email be improved?
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P. 118 Delivery documents
Proforma invoices – written without hyphen A Proforma invoice is an invoice provided by a supplier in advance of providing the goods or
service. Suppliers will do this if for some reason they are not prepared to extend normal credit terms to the buyer. There are risks with this and buyers should perhaps consider the following alternatives first: Is it possible to arrange credit terms with the supplier? Is it possible to use another supplier? Is it possible to arrange for a cheque or payment to be handed over on delivery of the goods? Is it possible to pay only a deposit up front, and the rest on normal credit terms, or on delivery?
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