MAA 10-11

Introductory Design Studio_Barcelona 0 Emissions

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Hugo CarvalloMArch. canditate at IaaC-11BArch. at USCA.S. Arch. at ECC

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Team: Vicent Gullart, Willie Muller, Martha Malé, Lluis Viu, Jordi Pages, Areti Markopolou, Tomas DiezModel Advisor: Marco Galofaro

Carvallo 3

Carvallo 3

. Investigation + background Context Facts Ecotect Studies Wind Diagrams . Proposals Maximazing efficient wind energy Financial Incentives for on-site power generation Mantain and improve nature without affecting ecosytems Small, medium, and large scale power collections Power to be distributed within adjacent neighbor hoods Urban evolution to improve wind speed

Samples of wind devices use Diagrams + Close-Up to the Wind Wall. Timeline Short-Term Mid-Term Large-Term Phases. Renderings

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CONTEXT:

The area of study is located northwest of Placa Glories (north-west of IAAC), its topography is dominated by ascendant hills forming the ‘Parc del Ginardó’, and the ‘Parc del Carmel’.As a any new visitor to a city, it took me sometime to realize the possible and potential option to investigate the wind phenomena in the given ‘bar-rios’. After several visits, I notice the constant presence of a rapid and fluid wind.

To develop this wind study, I had to learn more about heat, and pressure. In reality, wind energy is a converted form of solar energy. The sun’s ra-diation heats different parts of the earth at different rates-most notably during the day and night, but also when different surfaces (for example, water and land) absorb or reflect at different rates. This in turn causes portions of the atmosphere to warm differently. Hot air rises, reducing the atmospheric pressure at the earth’s surface, and cooler air is drawn in to replace it. The result is wind. (http://www.changetorenewables.com/tag/wind)

Carvallo 5

Carvallo 5

el Carmel

Can Baro

el Guinardó

el Baix Guinardó

Parc del Guinardó

Parc del Carmel

Carvallo 6

FACTS:

First, I identify two main different directions of wind related to the area. In the morning, we have wind in direction towards the mountains [sea breeze], and in the afternoon this direction changes towards the ocean [land breeze].

Secondly, in all of the wind directions I found that there are 3 different levels of wind. The lower wind that runs on street or ‘base ground’ level at moderated speed of 5-12 Km/hr. approx. The medium level wind that runs very speedily on the hills of the mountain at 13-50 km/hr. approx. And the top wind that runs over the mountains at a speed of 10-25 km/hr. approx.

Thirdly, I found that this wind [mainly the medium level] energy might be favorable to the inhabitants of the area. This ‘green’ energy cannot only serve to ventilate interior spaces, but also to generate the necessary pow-er to produce electricity.

And finally, as initial ideas, wind power devices can be located on the hills of the mountain, and mainly where the lowest part of the hills meet.

Carvallo 7

Carvallo 7

jan

feb

mar

april

may

jun

jul

aug

septoctnov

dichigh

med

low

wind levels chart

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2000

1830

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1230

1100

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sunrise sunsetmid-day

5 - 12 Km/hr

cold - high pressure

warm

- lo

w p

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ssure

warm - low pressure

cold

- hi

gh p

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13 - 50 Km/hr

50 m

10 - 25 Km/h

150 m

350 m

250 m

A.M. - sea breeze P.M. - land breeze

wind speed chart

ascending wind becomes weak reaching top of the hills

prevailing wind

Carvallo 8

wind frequency [winter] - ecotect

wind frequency [fall] - ecotect

wind frequency [summer] - ecotect

wind frequency [spring] - ecotect

strongest wind gust- ecotect

ECOTECT STUDIES:

The following images taken from Ecotect show different wind calculations. To the right, it shows the predominant wind directions and speed during the 4 different seasons of the year according to Ecotect.Further right, are 2 perspective images showing the two main wind behaviors in 3d towards the interesting topogra-phy of the area.The levels of calculation go from 50 m, and 100 m approxi-mately above ground. Notice the vector lines representating wind directions during the sea and land brezees.

Carvallo 9

Carvallo 9

wind as vector lines - sea breeze - ecotect

wind as vector lines - land breeze - ecotect

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WIND DIAGRAMAS:

Types of Wind:

Beaufort Speed Mi/hr Speed Km/h Descripton Effects on the EnvironmentCode 0 <1 <1 calm smoke rises vertically 1 2 - 3 1 - 5 light air smoke drifts slowly 2 4 - 7 6 -11 light breeze leaves rustle, wind can be felt, wind vanes move 3 8 - 12 12 - 19 gentle breeze leaves and twigs on trees move 4 13 -18 20 - 29 moderate breeze small tree branches move, dust is picked up from the ground surface 5 19 - 24 30 - 38 fresh breeze small trees move 6 25 - 31 39 - 51 strong breeze large branches move, tel ephone and power overhead wires whistle 7 32 - 38 51 - 61 near gale trees move, difficult to walk in the wind 8 39 - 46 62 - 74 gale twigs break off from trees 9 47 - 54 75 - 86 strong gale branches break off from trees, shingles blown off roofs 10 55 - 63 87 - 101 whole gale trees become uprooted, structural damage on build ings 11 64 - 74 102 - 120 storm widespread damage to build ings and trees 12 >75 >120 hurricane severe damage to buildings and treessource: http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/7n.html

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Carvallo 11

predominant wind path north-south P.M. directionland breeze

south-north A.M. directionsea breeze

wind levels diagram wind levels/city diagram wind levels-intensity/city diagram

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Prop

osal

sMy proposal is based on the initial investigation, research, and studies of the wind phenomena in this particular area of study in Barcelona. Know-ing that Spain is the world’s fourth biggest producer of wind power, af-ter the United States, Germany and China with an installed capacity of 16,740 megawatts (MW) at the end of 2008, a rise of 1,609 MW for the year. Wind energy has consolidated as the third technology of the Span-ish power system in 2009, having reached an output of 36,188 GWh, only overtaken by thermal gas combined cycle at 78,364 GWh and nuclear that reached 52,741 GWh. For the first time in the annual calculation, wind has overtaken coal that produced 33,844 GWh. In the entire year, wind en-ergy has covered 14.3% of the demand, compared to 11.5% in 2008. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_power_in_Spain

After learning about the wind influence in Spain, the different intensities and wind paths, I decided to propose the following.

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Carvallo 13

1. FINANCIAL INCENTIVES FOR ON-SITE POWER GENERATIONTechnology have never been cheap, especially if we talk about large, and mid-size wind turbine. Therefore, economic incentives or reduction of taxes should be offered by public office as an option to provide equal re-newable energy to everybody.

2. MAXIMIZING EFFICIENT WIND ENERGY: To start, large scale wind enery devices should be place on hills, where the hills meet, and at the top of mountains. But before that, a deep and con-sious study of the terrain, the parks, animals, and neighborhoods should be done as to not disturb any of those.

3. MANTAIN AND IMPROVE NATURE WITHOUT AFFECTING ECOSYSTEMSA constant and further studies on the building and natural environments should be performed to analized, store data, and propose new strategies of implementing wind technology.

4. SMALL, MEDIUM, AND LARGE SCALE POWER COLLECTIONSThe proposed implementation of the 3 different scales of wind power col-lector is an important option to take into consideration.Large scale, [classic] wind turbines should be placed on and around the two main mountains that form the parks of the El Carmel and the El Gui-nardo. As additional implementation, following examples from Denmark, coast line and off-shore wind turbines should also be taken into consider-ation and installed.

5. POWER TO BE DISTRIBUTED WITHIN ADJACENT NEIGHBORHOODS:The electrical power harvested from the wind devices [large scale] should be distributed within the neighborhood and their closest barrios, so every-body near this area will have the opportunity to use it.

6. URBAN EVOLUTION TO IMPROVE WIND SPEED:Throughout the pass of years, the Barcelona urban condition in this area will start emerging as an adaptable city corresponding to its natural good-ness, the wind. We’ll start even noticing the change not only of buildings to try to catch the maximum benefit of wind speed, but the metamorpho-sis of their traditional linear walls. These walls will also help to speed up the wind energy towards a wind device or turbine.

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source: http://blogs.shell.com-Denmark

source: www.wikipedia.org-Great RiverSAMPLES OF WIND DEVICES USE

Wind [turbines] and other devices related to the production of energy through wind have already been implemented into the urban context. Countries such as Denmark and England have incorporated this technology in their urban landscape. This ‘green’ energy cannot only serve to ventilate interior spaces, but also to generate the necessary power to produce electricity.And finally, wind power devices can be located on the hills of the mountain, and main-ly where the lowest parts of the hills meet. Also, in the future, a re-location or de-for-mation of the urban condition towards the mountain can be proposed to help speed up and harvest the wind energy in pro of their community.

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Carvallo 15

source: http://blogs.shell.com-Denmark

source: www.wikipedia.org-Great River

source: www.popularmechanics.com

source: www.quiterevolution.com

source: www.quiterevolution.com

source: www.silverbearcafe.com

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DIAGRAMS + CLOSE-UP TO THE WIND WALL

These diagrams show the possible re-distribution of blocks in the area of study to im-prove wind speed and therefore to gain more natural power. Notice that the Cerda’s traditional urban context is been kept.

The blocks will be in triangular shapes facing the narrow parts opposite to the moun-tain, so it will create the adequate spaces for wind to flow rapidly and be used by their inhabitants as natural cross ventilation during hot days and harvested through the dif-ferent wind recollecting devices.

Special walls containing wind energy receptors should be placed on strategic points around the area of study.

mountain-wind profile diagram cross ventilation stack ventilation

building-wind diagram

8 m/s 8 m/s

16 m/s

mountain-wind plan diagram

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Carvallo 17

proposed wind wall

member close-up

mini wind belt

proposed wind wall with different materials, colors, and textures

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Tim

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eThis proposal would be divided into 3 different stages, based on the con-clusion of having 3 different scales [large, medium and small]. The stages will represent different time frames where the evolution of harvesting wind power will be one of the most natural and renewable energies used in the area.

The small, medium and large scales are based on the wind device. The small is for residential uses, the medium is for buildings, and the large is for the community; this proposal does not intend to promote any particu-lar wind brand or manufacturer.

The phases would depend on social, political, and economical conditions of the time.

For the first phase, I am proposing a prompt and radical social/political concept for the use of these devices, with economical incentives from public offices and tax discounts for their users. Those devices would be easy to buy through governmental offices with an appropriated technical installation --to get government discounts. Those wind apparatuses would only produce energy for single-family houses, and small electrical devices such as televisions, radios, microwaves, computers, etc.

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Short Term

1 - 2

Mid Term 5-10 years

phase

scale

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Carvallo 19

The second phase, would be in a short period of time [5 to 10 years], and mainly dedicated to the medium scale of the project. It would be based on the development of wind turbines for individual buildings where the energy harvested will be distributed to their occupants.

And the last 3rd phase would be projected in a long term period, let’s speculate that in the next 15 or 20 years that specific parts of Barcelona would be experimenting a wind metamorphosis, where buildings will start adopting different shapes, and the urban context towards the mountains will be modified to try to catch maximum wind speed, and therefore gain more renewable energy.

These proposals are intended to satisfy; the need for energy demand in this specific part of Barcelona, the constant evolution of its urban area, the natural condition of the terrain, and its topography, and last but not least taking into consideration our environment and ecosystems.

3 - 4

5 - 6

Mid Term 5-10 years

Long Term10-20 years

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source: www.wikipedia.org-Enercon126

first phase

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Carvallo 21

urban metamorphosis

source: www.quiterevolution.com

second phase third phase

source: microbelt_brief.pdf

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Rend

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Carvallo 23

Proposal @ barrio scale

Proposal @ city scale

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Carvallo 25

Carvallo 25

Proposal @ port

Proposal @ the beach

H u g o C a r v a l l oMArch. canditate at IaaC-11

BArch. at USCA.S. Arch. at ECC

hugo.carvallo@iaac.net+34 615840494+34 651948633

Faculty:

Jordi PagesLluis Viu