Wind in power – 2014 European statistics

1THE EUROPEAN WIND ENERGY ASSOCIATION

Wind in power2014 European statistics

February 2015

2

WIND IN POWER: 2014 EUROPEAN STATISTICS

THE EUROPEAN WIND ENERGY ASSOCIATION

ContentsExecutive summary .............................................................................. 3

2014 annual installations ...................................................................... 5 Wind power capacity installations ................................................. 5 Power capacity installations ......................................................... 6 Renewable power capacity installations ........................................ 7

Trends and cumulative installations ........................................................ 7 Renewable power installations ..................................................... 7 Net changes in EU installed power capacity 2000-2014 ................. 8 Total installed power capacity ....................................................... 8

A closer look at wind power installations ................................................ 9 Total installed power capacity ....................................................... 9 National breakdown of wind power installations ............................. 10 Onshore and offshore annual markets .......................................... 10 Cumulative wind power installations ............................................. 11

Wind power penetration ......................................................................... 12

Data collection and analysisGiorgio Corbetta, European Wind Energy Association (EWEA)

Contributing authorsIván Pineda (EWEA)Justin Wilkes (EWEA)

Data sourcesPlatts PowerVision, January 2015EWEA, wind energy data EU-OEA, ocean energy dataEPIA, solar PV dataESTELA, CSP data

Special thanks to:IGWindkraft (AT) – BOP, EDORA and VWEA (BE) - APEE and BGWEA (BG) - Suisse Eole (CH) - CSVE (CZ) – BWE, VDMA and Stiftung Offshore Windenergie (DE) – DWIA (DK) – Tuulenergia (EE) – HWEA (EL) – AEE and APPA (ES) - Suomen Tuulivoimayhdistys ry (FI) – France Énergie Éolienne and Syndicat des Énergies Renouvelables (FR) – SEV (FO) – Energy Institute Hrvoje Pozar (HR) – HWEA and HWIA (HU) – Landsvirkjun (IS) – IWEA (IE) – ANEV (IT) – LWPA (LT) – Ministry of Economics (LU) – NWEA (NL) – NorWEA (NO) – University of Maribor (SI) – TÜREB (TK) – PWEA (PL) - APREN (PT) – RWEA (RO) –RAWI (RS) – Svenskvindenergi (SE) – Continental

Wind Partners (SRB) – UWEA (UA) – RenewableUK (UK).

Design: Clara Ros (EWEA)Photo cover: ThinkStock


•11,791.4MWofwindpowercapacity(worthbetween€13.1bnand€18.7bn)wasinstalledintheEUduring2014,anincreaseof3.8%comparedto2013annual installations.

•Windpoweristhegeneratingtechnologywiththehighestratefornewinstalla-tionsin2014,accountingfor43.7%oftotal2014powercapacityinstallations,12 percentage points higher than during the previous year.

•Renewablepowerinstallationsaccountedfor79.1%ofnewinstallationsduring2014:21.3GWofatotal26.9GWofnewpowercapacity,upfrom72%theprevious year.

•Thereisnow128.8GWofinstalledwindpowercapacityintheEU:approxi-mately 120.6 GW onshore and just over 8 GW offshore.

•TheEUtotalinstalledpowercapacityincreasedby14.8GWnetin2014to910.1GW,withwindpowerincreasingby11.4GWnetandreachingashareoftotalinstalledgenerationcapacityof14.1%.

•Since2000,29.4%ofnewcapacityinstalledhasbeenwindpower,56.2%renewablesand91.1%renewablesandgascombined.

•TheEUpowersectorcontinuesitsmoveawayfromfueloilandcoalwithbothtechnologies continuing to decommission more than they install.

•Annualinstallationsofwindpowerhaveincreasedoverthelast14years,from3.2GWin2000,to11.8GWin2014atacompoundannualgrowthrate(CAGR)of9.8%.

•Atotalof128.8GWisnowinstalledintheEuropeanUnion,anincreaseininstalledcumulativecapacityof9.7%comparedtothepreviousyear.

•GermanyremainstheEUcountrywiththelargestinstalledcapacityfollowedbySpain,theUKandFrance.Thereare15EUcountrieswithgigawatt-levelwindpowercapacitiesinstalled,includingtworelativelynewEUcountries(PolandandRomania),andeightEUcountrieseachhavemorethan4GWofinstalledcapacity.

•59.5%ofallnewinstallationsin2014wereinjusttwocountries(GermanyandtheUK),anincreasedconcentrationcomparedto2013(46%oftotalinstallations).77.2%ofallnewinstallationswereconcentratedinthetopfourcountries(Germany,theUK,SwedenandFrance).

•2014showsthenegativeimpactofmarket,regulatoryandpoliticaluncertaintysweeping across Europe. Destabilised legislative frameworks for wind energy are undermining investments.

•AnumberofpreviouslylargemarketssuchasDenmark,SpainandItalysawtheirratesofwindenergyinstallationsdecreasesignificantlyin2014,by90.4%,84.3%and75.4%respectively.

•Offshorewindsawalmost1.5GWinstalledin2014,5.3%lessthan2013.•Thewindpowercapacityinstalledbytheendof2014would,inanormalwindyear,produce284TWhofelectricity,enoughtocover10.2%(ofwhich1%fromoffshorewind)oftheEU’selectricityconsumption–upfrom8%theyearbefore.

Executive summary

2014 annual

installations

Trends and cumulative

installations

Wind power

installations

4



PORTUGAL*4,914.4

SPAIN22,986.5

FRANCE9,285

UNITED KINGDOM12,440.3

IRELAND2,271.7

BELGIUM1,959

NETHERLANDS2,805

LUXEMBOURG58.3

GERMANY39,165

POLAND3,833.8

DENMARK*4,845

SWEDEN5,424..8

FINLAND627

ESTONIA302.7

LATVIA 61.8

LITHUANIA 279.3

BELARUS 3.4

ITALY8,662.9

AUSTRIA2,095

CZECH REPUBLIC

281.5 SLOVAKIA 3.1

HUNGARY329.2

SLOVENIA3.2

ROMANIA2,953.6

SERBIA0 BULGARIA

690.5

GREECE1,979.8

MALTA0

RUSSIA15.4

NORWAY819.3

UKRAINE497.5

SWITZERLAND60.3

CROATIA346.5

TURKEY3,762.5

CYPRUS146.7

FAROE ISLANDS*18.3

* Provisional data**FormerYugoslavRepublicofMacedoniaNote:duetopreviousyearadjustments,423.5MWofprojectdecommissioning,repoweringandroundingoffigures,thetotal2014end-of-yearcumulativecapacityisnotexactlyequivalenttothe sum of the 2013 end-of-year total plus the 2014 additions.

Installed 2013 End 2013 Installed 2014 End 2014Candidate Countries (MW)FYROM - - 37 37Serbia - - - - Turkey 646.3 2,958.5 804 3,762.5Total 646.3 2,958.5 841 3,799.5 EFTA (MW)Iceland 1.8 1.8 1.2 3Liechtenstein - - - - Norway 110 771.3 48 819.3 Switzerland 13.3 60.3 - 60.3

Total 125.1 833.4 49.2 882.6 Other (MW)Belarus - 3.4 - 3.4 FaroeIslands 4.5 6.6 11.7 18.3 Russia - 15.4 - 15.4 Ukraine 95.3 371.2 126.3 497.5 Total 99.8 396.7 138.0 534.7 Total Europe 12,228.5 121,572.2 12,819.6 133,968.2

Installed 2013 End 2013 Installed

2014End

2014EU Capacity (MW)Austria 308.4 1,683.8 411.2 2,095Belgium 275.6 1,665.5 293.5 1,959Bulgaria 7.1 681,1 9.4 690.5 Croatia 81.2 260.8 85.7 346.5 Cyprus - 146.7 - 146.7 CzechRepublic 8 268.1 14 281.5 Denmark* 694.5 4,807 67 4,845Estonia 10.5 279.9 22.8 302.7 Finland 163.3 449 184 627 France 630 8,243 1,042 9,285Germany 3,238,4 34,250.2 5,279,2 39,165Greece 116.2 1,865,9 113.9 1,979.8Hungary - 329.2 - 329,2Ireland 343.6 2,049.3 222.4 2,271.7Italy 437.7 8,557.9 107.5 8,662.9Latvia 2.2 61.8 - 61.8 Lithuania 16.2 278.8 0.5 279.3 Luxembourg - 58.3 - 58.3 Malta - - - - Netherlands 295 2,671 141 2,805Poland 893.5 3,389.5 444.3 3,833.8Portugal* 200 4,730.4 184 4,914.4Romania 694.6 2,599.6 354 2,953.6Slovakia - 3.1 - 3.1 Slovenia 2.3 2.3 0.9 3.2 Spain 175.1 22,959.1 27.5 22,986.5

Sweden 689 4,381.6 1,050.2 5,424.8UK 2,075 10,710.9 1,736.4 12,440.3

Total EU-28 11,357.3 117,383.6 11,791.4 128,751.4

Wind power installed in Europe by end of 2014 (cumulative)

European Union: 128,751.4 MWCandidate Countries: 3,799.5 MWEFTA: 882.6 MWTotal Europe: 133,968.2 MW

FYROM**37


2014 annual installations

Wind power capacity installations

During 2014, 12,819.6 MW of wind power wasinstalledacrossEurope,ofwhich11,791.4MWwasin the European Union.

Of the capacity installed in the EU, 10,308.1 MWwas onshore and 1,483.3 MW offshore. In 2014,the annual onshore market increased in the EU by 5.3%, and offshore installations decreased by 5.3%compared to 2013. Overall, EU wind energy annualinstallations increased by 3.8% compared to 2013installations.

Investment inEUwind farmswasbetween€13.1bnand€18.7bn.Onshorewind farmsattracted around€8.9bn to €12.8bn, while offshore wind farmsaccountedfor€4.2bnto€5.9bn.

In terms of annual installations, Germany was thelargestmarketin2014,installing5,279.2MWofnewcapacity, 528.9MWofwhich (10%of total capacityinstalled in Germany) offshore. The UK came insecondwith1,736.4MW,813.4MWofwhich(46.8%)offshore, followedbySwedenwith1,050.2MWandFrancewith1,042MW.Thenextcountriesaresignifi-cantlybehind:Polandwith444.3MWandAustriawith411.2MW.

The emerging markets of Central and Eastern EU installed838MW,7.1%oftotalinstallations.In2014,these countries represented a smaller share of the totalEUmarket than in2013 (16%).That isdue toretroactive legislative changes in Romania and uncer-taintyontheimpactoftheRenewableEnergySourcesAct on the support system and renewable energymarket in Poland.

Moreover,59.5%ofallnewEUinstallationsin2014were in just two countries,Germany and theUnitedKingdom,asimilartrendtotheoneseenin2013.

A number of previously large markets such asDenmark,SpainandItalyhaveseentheirrateofwindenergyinstallationsdecreasesignificantlyin2014,by90.4%,84.3%and75.4%respectively.

Offshoreaccountedfor12.6%oftotalEUwindpowerinstallations in 2014, confirming the high level ofconcentration in annual installations during 2014.

FIGURE 1: EU MEMBER STATE MARKET SHARES FOR NEW WIND

ENERGY CAPACITY INSTALLED DURING 2014 (MW).

TOTAL 11,791.4 MW

Spain, 27.5 0.2% Estonia, 22.8 0.2% Czech Republic, 14 0.1% Bulgaria, 9.4 0.1% Slovenia, 0.9 0.01% Lithuania, 0.5 0.004%

Germany5,279.2

44.8%

UK1,736.4

14.7%

Sweden1,050.2

8.9%

France1,0428.8%

Poland, 444.3 3.8%

Austria, 411.2 3.5% Romania, 354 3% Belgium, 293.5 2.5% Ireland, 222.4 1.9% Finland, 184 1.6% Portugal, 184 1.6% Netherlands, 141 1.2% Greece, 113.9 1% Italy, 107.5 0.9% Croatia, 85.7 0.7%

Denmark, 67 0.6%

6



Power capacity installations

Overall, during2014,26.9GWof newpower gener-ating capacitywas installed in theEU,9.4GW lessthan in 2013.

Wind power was the energy technology with the highest installation rate in 2014: 11.8 GW, accounting for43.7%ofallnewinstallations.SolarPVcamesecondwith8GW(29.7%of2014installations)andcoalthirdwith3.3GW(12.3%).

NoothertechnologiescomparetowindandsolarPVintermsofnewinstallations.Gasinstalled2.3GW(8.7%oftotalinstallations),biomass990MW(3.7%),hydro436MW(1.6%),waste68MW(0.3%),geothermal45MWandocean1.3MW.CSP,fueloil,nuclearandpeatdid not install any generating capacity in 2014.

During2014,7.2GWofcoalcapacitywasdecommis-sioned, as was 2.9 GW of gas, 1.1 GW of fuel oil,423.5MWofwindenergy,370MWofbiomassand14.9MWofhydrocapacity1.

FIGURE 3: NEW INSTALLED CAPACITY AND DECOMMISSIONED CAPACITY (MW)

FIGURE 2: SHARE OF NEW POWER CAPACITY INSTALLATIONS IN

EU (MW). TOTAL 26,975.5 MW

Wind 11,791.4

43.7%

PV8,00029.7%

Biomass 990

3.7%

Hydro 436

1.6%

Waste 68

0.3%

Geothermal 45

0.2%

Ocean 1.3

0.005%

Coal 3,305 12.3%

Gas2,338.98.7%

Source: Platts PowerVision 2015, EWEA, EPIA, ESTELA, OEA

11,791.4

8,000

3,305 2,338.9

990 436 68 45 1.3 - - - -

(423.5)

-

(7,256.6)

(2,962)

(370) (14.9)

- - - -

(1,122)

- -

-10,000

-5,000

5,000

10,000

15,000


PV Wind Gas Coal Biomass Hydro Waste Nuclear PeatCSP Fuel oil OceanGeo-thermal

New Decommissioned

1 Figures for PV decommissioning are not available


FIGURE 5: INSTALLED POWER GENERATING CAPACITY PER YEAR (MW) AND RENEWABLE SHARE (%)

In 2000, new renewable power capacity installationstotalledamere3.6GW.Since2010,annualrenewablecapacity additions have been between 24.7 GW and 34.6GW,eighttotentimeshigherthanin2000.

The share of renewables in total new power capacity additions has also grown. In 2000, the 3.6 GW

Renewable power capacity installations

Trends & cumulative installations

represented22.4%ofnewpowercapacityinstallations,increasingto21.3GWrepresenting79.1%in2014.

412.7 GW of new power capacity has been installed in theEUsince2000.Of this,29.4%hasbeenwindpower,56.2%renewablesand91.1%renewablesandgas combined.

In 2014, a total of 21.3 GW of renewable powercapacity was installed. 79.1% of all new installedcapacityintheEUwasrenewable.Itwas,furthermore,the seventh year running, that over55%of all addi-tional power capacity in the EU was renewable.

Renewable power capacity installations

FIGURE 4: 2014 SHARE OF NEW RENEWABLE POWER CAPACITY

INSTALLATIONS (MW). TOTAL 21,331.6 MW4

Biomass 990

4.6%

Hydro 436 2%

Waste 68

0.3%

Geothermal 45 0.2% Ocean 1.3 0.006%


Wind11,79155.3%

PV8,00037.5%

79

.1%

RES

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Peat Fuel oil Nuclear Coal

Gas CSP

Waste Biomass

OceanGeothermal

Hydro PV Wind

8



Total installed power capacity

Windpower’sshareof total installedpowercapacityhasincreasedfive-foldsince2000;from2.4%in2000to14.1%in2014.Overthesameperiod,renewable

FIGURE 7: EU POWER MIX 2000 (MW) FIGURE 8: EU POWER MIX 2014 (MW)

FIGURE 6: NET ELECTRICITY GENERATING INSTALLATIONS IN THE EU 2000-2014 (MW)

Thenetgrowthsince2000ofwindpower(116.8GW),gas (101.3GW)andsolarPV (87.9GW)wasat theexpenseoffueloil(down25.3GW),coal(down24.7GW)andnuclear(down13.2GW).Theotherrenewabletechnologies(biomass,hydro,waste,CSP,geothermalandoceanenergies)havealsobeen increasing theirinstalled capacity over the past decade, albeitmoreslowlythanwindandsolarPV.

Net changes in EU installed power capacity 2000-2014

TheEU’spowersectorcontinues tomoveaway fromfueloil,coal,nuclearandgaswhileincreasingitstotalinstalled generating capacitywithwindandsolarPV.In2014gasdecommissionedmoreMWthanwhatitinstalled but still has the most overall built capacity.

8 THE EUROPEAN WIND ENERGY ASSOCIATION

116,759.6

101,276.8

87,926

7,777.9 6,964.9 2,309 2,196.4 250.1 143.2 14.28

(13,190)

(24,745.7) (25,293.8)

-35,000

-15,000

5,0000

25,000

45,000

65,000

85,000

105,000

125,000

Gas Wind PV Biomass Hydro Waste CSP Peat Ocean Coal Nuclear Fuel oil Geo-thermal

Coal132,584.1

24.3%

Nuclear122,966.3

22.6%Hydro

112,918.920.7%

Gas92,941.8

17.1%

Fuel Oil, 61,705.7 11.3%

Wind, 12,887 2.4%

Biomass, 4,578.2 0.8% Waste, 2,123 0.4% Peat, 1,667.3 0.3% Geothermal, 591.6 0.1%

PV, 125 0.02%

Gas200,442.4

22.%

Coal164,390.2

18.1%

Hydro140,686.3

15.5%

Wind128,751.4

14.1%

Nuclear122,328.313.4%

PV, 88,000 9.7%

Fuel Oil, 43,765 4.8%Biomass, 12,282.4 1.3%

Waste, 4,253.6 0.5% CSP, 2,314 0.3% Peat, 1,807.6 0.2%

Geothermal, 810 0.1%Ocean, 262.9 0.03%

capacityincreasedfrom24.4%oftotalpowercapacityin2000to41.5%in2014.


Total installed power capacity

Annual wind power installations in the EU haveincreased steadily over the past 14 years from 3.2 GW

in2000to11.8GWin2014,aCAGRof9.8%.

A closer look at wind power installations

FIGURE 9: ANNUAL WIND POWER INSTALLATIONS IN EU (GW)

3.21

4.43

5.91 5.46

5.84 6.54

7.18

8.97 8.48

10.27 9.85 9.66

12.06

11.16 11.79

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

10


THE EUROPEAN WIND ENERGY ASSOCIATION10 THE EUROPEAN WIND ENERGY ASSOCIATION

National breakdown of wind power installations

In 2000, the annual wind power installations of thethree pioneering countries –Denmark,Germany andSpain– represented85%ofallEUwindcapacity.By2013, they represented only 36.2% of total installa-tions. In 2014 installations in the three pioneeringcountries together represented 45.6% of the EUmarket and were mainly driven by the 63% Germanmarket growth.

Moreover,in2000,thecountriesthatmakeupthe132 newerEUMemberStateshadnowindenergy,while

in2014theyreached7.9%oftheEU’stotalmarket.However,85.7%ofthoseinstallationswereinjusttwocountries: Poland and Romania.

This indicates that the policy instability facing renew-ables in numerous countries in the EU is leading to an increased concentration of wind energy installation in a handful of countries with stable frameworks.

FIGURE 10: SHARE OF EU WIND POWER MARKET, PIONEERING COUNTRIES, NEWER MEMBER STATES, AND THE REST OF EU (GW)

2000 2005 2010 2012 2013 2014 0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

2.7

3.6

3.4 3.7 4.1

5.4

0.5

2.8

5.0 6.1

5.5

5.5

0 0.1

1.5 2.2 1.7 0.9

Pioneers Other EU MS Newer Member States

2 Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia.


Cumulative wind power installations

Atotalof128.8GWisnowinstalledintheEuropeanUnion, a growth of 9.8% on the previous year andlowerthantherecordgrowthregisteredin2012(+12%comparedto2011).GermanyremainstheEUcountrywith the largest installedcapacity, followedbySpain,theUK,FranceandItaly.TenotherEUcountrieshave

over 1 GW of installed capacity: Austria, Belgium,Denmark, Greece, Ireland, the Netherlands, Poland,Portugal,RomaniaandSweden.

Three of the latter (Denmark, Portugal andSweden),have more than 4 GW of installed wind energy capacity.

Onshore and offshore annual markets

Offshore wind installations in 2014 were 5.3% less than in 2013, with 1,483.3 MW of new capacity gridconnected.Offshorewindpowerinstallationsrepresent12.6%oftheannualEUwindenergymarket,downfrom14%in2013.

FIGURE 11: ANNUAL ONSHORE AND OFFSHORE INSTALLATIONS (MW)

4,377

5,7435,186

5,749

6,454

7,097

8,6328,109

9,704

9,030 8,920

10,665

9,592

10,308

51

170276

90

90

93

318373

575 883 874

1,1661,567

1,483

1,000

3,000

5,000

7,000

9,000

11,000

13,000

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Onshore Offshore

FIGURE 12: CUMULATIVE WIND POWER INSTALLATIONS IN THE EU (GW)

12.9 17.3 23.1

28.5 34.4 40.8 48

56.7 65.1

75.3 85.1

94.5 106.2

117.3 128.8

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

12


THE EUROPEAN WIND ENERGY ASSOCIATION12 THE EUROPEAN WIND ENERGY ASSOCIATION

FIGURE 13: EU MEMBER STATE MARKET SHARES FOR TOTAL INSTALLED CAPACITY (GW). TOTAL 128.8 GW

Germany(39.2GW)andSpain(23GW)havethelargestcumulative installed wind energy capacity in Europe. Togethertheyrepresent48.3%oftotalEUcapacity.TheUK,FranceandItalyfollowwith,respectively,12.4GW(9.7%oftotalEUcapacity),9.3GW(7.2%)and8.7GW

(6.7%).AmongstthenewerMemberStates,Poland,with3.8GW(3%ofcumulativecapacity),isnowinthetop10,infrontofRomania(3GW,2.3%),andtheNetherlandsiseleventhwith2.8GW(2.2%).

Source: EWEA

Germany39.2

30.4%

Spain23

17.9%UK12.49.7%

France, 9.3 7.2%

Italy, 8.7 6.7%

Sweden, 5.4 4.2%

Portugal, 4.9 3.8%

Denmark, 4.8 3.8%

Poland, 3.8 3%

Romania, 3 2.3%Netherlands, 2.8 2.2%

Ireland, 2.3 1.8%

Austria, 2.1 1.6%

Greece, 2 1.5%

Belgium, 2 1.5%

Bulgaria, 0.7 0.5%

Finland, 0.6 0.5%

Croatia, 0.3 0.3%

Hungary, 0.3 0.3%

Estonia, 0.3 0.2%

Czech Republic, 0.3 0.2%

Lithuania, 0.3 0.2%

Cyprus, 0.1 0.1%

Latvia, 0.1 0.05% Luxembourg, 0.1 0.05%

The wind energy capacity currently installed in the EU would produce in an average wind year 284 TWh of

electricity, enough to cover 10.2% of the EU’s totalelectricity consumption3.

3 Wind energy penetration levels are calculated using average capacity factors onshore and offshore and Eurostat electricity con-sumption figures (2012). Consequently, table 1 indicates the approximate share of consumption met by the installed wind energy capacity at the end of 2014. The figure does not represent real wind energy production over a calendar year. The most recent data (2012) for EU 28 final energy consumption of electricity from Eurostat, is 2,798 TWh. Eurostat, online table code [nrg_105a], extracted on 21 January 2015.

Wind power penetration

Total EU electricity

consumption(TWh)

Onshore wind energy production

(TWh)

Offshore wind energy production

(TWh)

Share of EU consumption met by onshore wind

(TWh)

Share of EU consumption met by offshore wind

Share of EU consumption met

by wind

2,798 254.43 29.59 9.1% 1.1% 10.2%

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Wind in power – 2014 European statistics

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