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7/31/2019 Wind Power Feasibility Studies
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January 2007
Kurt Myers, MSEE, PERenewable Energy & Power
Wind Power Feasibility StudiesWind Data Collection, Analysis and Energy Projections
INL/CON-07-12168
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#1 Quality Wind Data is Important
All of your analysis should be based on collected data
Peoples perception of windy is not good enough fora wind power project
Define the difference between wind prospecting and
development grade data
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Initial Assessment of the Possible
Area Collect initial data from multiple sources (i.e. talk to
people, look for existing data, look at wind maps, useown experience, topo maps, etc.)
Look at lay of the land, prevailing wind direction,vegetation (flagged trees, etc.)
Decide what type of wind data tower will work best for
what you are planning (prospecting or development, 10to 80 meters, number & type of instruments, cost,permits, etc.)
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Look like a windy area? (note tree flagging)
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Data Tower Sizes and Costs
NRG 60 meterSymphonieTower Kit -
$13,900 + install
NRG 50 meterSymphonieTower Kit -
$8600 + install
NRG 30 meterTower Kit -$4000
(prospecting)
Development-grade towers: 2-4 per site
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Anemometer tower installation 20 meter, prospecting
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Anemometer tower installation 50 meter
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Anemometer tower installation 50 meter
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Data Analysis
Need data spanning at least a year (all four seasons)
If only one year of data, then correlation required as well
Work hard not to lose any data!! (on-time chip swaps, becomeproficient early with data handling/processing, cell phone system
options, etc.)
Data identifies resource potential
Use other resources to help with data analysis
Know what youre looking at, and be sure to compare apples toapples
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Data Analysis - continued
There are many factors to address in data analysis Quality of data (any icing, etc.), filtering
Is correlation with other sites possible
Elevation/air density
Weather/temperature Scaling to different heights (wind shear, variations)
Turbine sizes/types/manufacturers being considered
Wake effects, turbulence
Land topography, modeling
When to get wind power meteorological consultant(s)involved
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Items to note:
Multiple levels
Multiple sensors(shear & reliability)
Boom direction isimportant
Problems here:Stub and boomscombined
Booms should notdirectly faceprevailing wind
Need at least onelevel with twoanemometers
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Tower Effects Wake, Back-Pressure
Prevailing WindDirection
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Tower Arrangement
Document your installation!!
Latitude, longitude, elevation
Site number
Equipment types Instrument heights, boom orientations, which
instrument corresponds to which channel
Start time, date
Pictures, ownership, labeling of data
Etc.
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The Data Is Being Collected Now What? Swapping data cards/chips
When, how often, is there cell coverage
Processing data
Store, analyze, do projections
NRG Symphonie Data Retriever software (see note below) will beused at this point to illustrate data collection/analysis examples
Wind speed graphs
Check data
Summary reports with wind speed averages
Wind roses
Filtering, creating text/Excel files (exporting), etc.
Note: NRG is used as an example; other manufacturers work well. INL makesno recommendations or representation of which equipment or software touse.
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Wind Shear Formulas
Wind shear is a measure of the rate of increase in wind speed as onemoves higher above the ground.
In wind energy development, wind shear is important. Higher shear,more wind speed at higher hub heights, more energy production.
Wind shear heavily influences project economics: hub height, energyproduction vs. installed cost.
To scale up wind speed:
y = x * [(b/a)^z]
x=wind speed at lower height, y=wind speed at higher height, a=lowerheight, b=higher height, z=wind shear value
To calculate wind shear:
z = log(y/x) / log(b/a)
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Wind Shear Examples
13.0 mph wind speed average @ 20 meters, and wind shear isestimated as average. What is the average wind speed @ 80meters?:
y = 13.0mph * [(80m/20m)^(1/7)]
y = 15.85 mph
Tower measures wind speed average of 13.0mph @ 20 meters,and 16.7mph @ 80 meters. What is the estimated wind shearvalue from 20 to 80 meters?:
z = log(16.7mph/13.0mph) / log(80m/20m)z = 0.181
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Using Wind Speed Averages and RayleighDistribution For Energy Production Estimates
Energy production examples with INL Weibull spreadsheet will bedemonstrated to illustrate differences and impact on cost andproduction
Average wind speed differences (13.5, 15, 16.5mph @ 30meters AGL)
Wind shear differences (0.1, 0.14, 0.18, 0.22)
Tower height differences (30m, 65m, 80m)
Site altitude differences (sea level and 1.02kg/m3)
Standard rotor vs. long blade, low wind
Small turbine(s) vs. large turbine
Subtle differences of large turbine types (i.e. fixed speed,variable speed, variable speed direct drive)
Gross vs. net production
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Large Turbine Perspective
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Small Turbine Perspective
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More Detailed Wind Data Analysis
Demonstrate with an example of energy productionanalysis using 10-minute wind data and INLspreadsheets.
Commercial-grade assessment
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Turbine suppliers, developers, and finance institutions all requiredue-diligence, requiring information such as:
Hub height annual wind speed averages Turbulence intensities at various wind speeds and directions
Filtering required
2-second and 10-minute gusts (10 or 50 yr. projections)
Correlation with other regional data sites, preferably longer-
term sites Air densities, impacts, seasonal variations
Wind shear (also needed for financing, project economics due-diligence)
Analysis for different heights
Temperature ranges Wake effects, wind farm layout
Etc.
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INL Contacts
Renewable Energy & Power Department
Robert M. Neilson, Jr.
(208)526-8274; [email protected]
Gary D. Seifert(208)526-9522; [email protected]
Kurt S. Myers
(208)526-5022; [email protected]
INL Wind Program information www.inl.gov/wind
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Other Information Sources
U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency &Renewable Energy
www.eere.energy.gov/windandhydro
Idaho Department of Water Resources Energy Divisionwww.idahowind.org
American Wind Energy Association
www.awea.org