POWER GENERATOR BY

WIND TURBINE SUBMITTED TO:

MS. KHAN

SUBMITTED BY:

JAM ABDULSATTAR

What is wind turbine/wind mill

Wind turbine is a device that converts kinetic energy into mechanical energy

If the mechanical energy is used to produce electricity, the device may be called a wind turbine

If the mechanical energy is used to drive machinery, such as for grinding grain the device is called a wind mill.

Wind Turbine

Why Did we take this project of wind turbine?

IT’S VERY CHEAP.

WIND POWER CONSUMES NO FUEL. SO IT IS VERY RELIABLE. MORE EFFICIENT.

SUITABLE FOR KARACHI CLIMATE.

COMPARED TO THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF TRADITIONAL ENERGY SOURCES, THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF WIND POWER IS RELATIVELY MINOR IN TERMS OF POLLUTION.

WIND TURBINES CAN CARRY ON GENERATING ELECTRICITY FOR 20-25 YEARS. OVER THEIR LIFETIME THEY WILL BE RUNNING CONTINUOUSLY FOR AS MUCH AS 120,000 HOURS

Wind turbine contains:

DC MOTOR BLADES TOWER OR STRUCTURE

1. DC Motor

A DC MOTOR IS A MACHINE WHICH CONVERTS ELECTRICAL ENERGY INTO MECHANICAL ENERGY.

Construction of DC motor

DC MOTOR CONSISTS OF THE FOUR IMPORTANT PARTS.

ARMATURE: A RECTANGULAR COIL WHICH IS MADE OF INSULATED COPPER WIRE WHICH IS WOUND ON THE SOFT IRON CORE THIS IS ARMATURE.

FIELD WINDING: THE FIELD WINDINGS ARE ATTACHED TO INSIDE OF THE YOKE AND TO FORM TWO POLES FITTING CLOSELY TO THE ARMATURE.

COMMUTATER AND BRUSHES: COMMOTATOR IS USED TO REVERSE THE DIRECTION OF CURRENT. PRESS SLIGHTLY AGAINST THE TWO SPLIT RINGS AND THE SPLIT RING ROTATE BETWEEN THE BRUSHES. THE CARBON BRUSHES CONNECTED TO THE DC SUPPLY.

Internal structure:

THE YOKE (OR CASING): IT COVERS THE WHOLE MACHINE AND PROVIDES THE MECHANICAL SUPPORT TO THE POLES

WORKING PRINCIPLE OF DC MOTOR when A current coil conductor is placed inside of the

magnet field .when the current is passed through the conductor a field is produced around it. And the direction of this magnetic field can be determined by the right hand rule .because of the current flows through the segments of the loop is in different direction it means that that are opposite to each other as shown in the figure .The segment on one side pushes the upward while the segment on the other side pushes the down word. it mean that both sides of the armature experience the force which is in equal in magnitude but in opposite in direction and its known as couples forces these combined forces create the twisting action or torque.

The direction of Forces HERE THE DIRECTION OF COUPLE FORCES CAN BE FOUND WITH HELP OF FLAMING LEFT HAND RULE .WHICH STATED THAT IF WE POINT OUT THE INDEX FINGER IN THE DIRECTION OF MAGNETIC FIELD AND THE MIDDLE FINGER IS IN THE DIRECTION OF CURRENT THE THUMB WILL SHOWS THE DIRECTION OF MAGNETIC FORCE. AS SHOWN IN THE FIGURE BELOW.

Why we use Dc motor not AC motor?

Due to below reasons we use DC motor:

High starting torque.

Speed control over a wide range, both below and

above normal speed

Quick starting, stopping

Blades:

ON THE BASIS OF BLADES THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF WIND TURBINES.

VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINE (VAWT)

HORIZONTAL AXIS WIND TURBINE (HAWT)

(1) VAWT

IN VAWT GENERATOR IS MOUNTED AT THE BASE OF THE TOWER AND THE BLADES ARE WRAPPED AROUND THE SHAFT VERTICALY.

(2)HAWT

In HAWT, blades are on the top, spinning in the air, wrapped horizontality on the shaft and are most commonly seen.

Calculation of Wind Power

•Power in the wind

– Effect of swept area, A– Effect of wind speed, V– Effect of air density, R

Swept Area: A = πR2 Area of the circle swept by the rotor (m2).

Power in the Wind = ½ρAV3

Many Different Rotors…

Kid

Win

d P

roje

ct | ww

w.kid

win

d.o

rg

Number of Blades – One

Rotor must move more rapidly to capture same amount of wind

Blades easier to install because entire rotor can be assembled on ground

Captures 10% less energy than two blade design

Number of Blades - Two

Advantages & disadvantages similar to one blade

Need teetering hub and or shock absorbers

Capture 5% less energy than three blade designs

Number of Blades - Three

Balance of gyroscopic forces

Slower rotation 120 Angel apart from each

other 10% more Energy than

Two blades rotor

Blade CompositionMetal Steel

Heavy & expensive

Aluminum

Lighter-weight and easy to work with

Expensive

Blade ConstructionFiberglass

Lightweight, strong, and inexpensive,

Variety of manufacturing processes Cloth over frame Pultrusion Filament winding to

produce spars

Most modern large turbines use fiberglass

Tip-Speed RatioTip-speed ratio is the ratio of the

speed of the rotating blade tip to the speed of the free stream wind.

There is an optimum angle of attack which creates the highest lift to drag ratio.

Because angle of attack is dependant on wind speed, there is an optimum tip-speed ratio ΩR

VTSR =

Where,

Ω = rotational speed in radians /sec

R = Rotor Radius

V = Wind “Free Stream” Velocity

ΩR

R

TOWERThe Structure or Tower consists of Rotor

Blades

Hub

Low-speed shaft

Bearings

Gearbox

Generator

Main frame

Electrical connections

Cooling systems

Assembly and installation

Foundation/support structure

DRAWINGS IN AUTOCAD

3 Feet

7.5

Feet

2 F

eet

Blades

Gear Box

Base

Generator

Rotor

2.5 fe

et

Hub

Angle=120Bearing

Tower

1:2

Measurements

Rotor Diameter =50 inches

Blades length=24 inches

Hub Diameter =12inches

Ball Bearings Diameter=3inches

Gearbox 1:2

Tail Length=2.5Feet

Base Length=2 Feet

Tower Length=7.5Feet

Tower Diameter=3.5inches

Assembly and installation

Length of Towerand Wind Speed

Speed of Wind increases exponentially as the height of tower increases. From this graph, one can see that at low heights, the wind speed increases significantly at first, but at higher heights the rate of increase is much less.

Energy In the Wind

Ew = (Ws3 *(1.2252/2)*As) /1000

Ew= Energy in the Wind

Ws= Wind Speed (mph)

As= Swept Area of Blades

Tip Speed Ratio

TPR=W*r/Vw

TPR=Tip Speed Ratio

r=Radius

W=Rotational Velocity(Rad/S)

Vw=Wind Speed

APPLICATIONS: IT CAN BE USED TO PROVIDE ELECTRICITY TO

SECURITY AND CCTV CAMERAS ALSO TO POWER STREETLIGHTS AND

TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS IT IS USED TO DRIVE SAILBOATS IT IS USED TO LIGHTING UP THE SMALL

VILLAGES AND URBAN AREAS HOME IT IS USED IN INDUSTRIES DUE TO ITS LOW

COSTS BY USING IT WE CAN AVOID CONVERTING

POWER FROM AC TO DC OR DC TO AC. EVERY TIME THE POWER IS CONVERTED, YOU WILL LOSE 25% TO 30% OF THE POWER

ANY Q?

THANK YOU!