Wind Turbine System Simulationregister.ansys.com.cn/ansyschina/minisite/201411_em... ·...

© 2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 1 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary © 2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 1 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary

ANSYS Multiphysics Solution for Wind

Turbine System Design

Ansys China

© 2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 2 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary

Outline

• Background

• ANSYS Multiphysics Solution

• High Fidelity Simulation

– Electromagnetic

– Electrical

– Mechanical (CFD+Structural)

• Summary


Renewable Energy

Images from Wikimedia: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Windkraft1.jpg#filelinks http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hoover_Dam-USA.jpg http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Solar_two.jpg http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Willow_plantation_by_Windmill_Lane_-_geograph.org.uk_-_99587.jpg

Wind Biomass

Solar

Hydro


Fossil 63%

Nuclear 12%

Hydro 20%

Wind 3%

Solar 1%

Biomass 1%

Misc 0%

Renewables 27%

Total Power Generation

Background

• Renewable Energy Worldwide – Hydro, Wind, Solar, Biomass – Total renewable power capacity 1.23TW

4.8TW 1.23TW

Source: REN21 2010 status report: http://www.ren21.net/globalstatusreport/g2010.asp


Background

• Wind Energy Stands Out World Wide – Largest increase in power generation (2009)

• +37GW wind • Followed by +30GW hydro and +7GW solar

– China is the largest user of wind energy in 2009

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

数据来源：WWEA

全球历年新增装机容量(MW)


Background

05

10152025303540

至2009年底，全球风电装机容量 (GW)

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

市场容量预测

1 2 3 4 5 6

年份 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

新增单机加权平均容量

1.51 1.63 1.73 1.81 1.89 1.94

容量增长 10% 8% 6% 5% 4% 3%

新增装机容量 16683 18352 20187 21196 22256 23369

容量增长 20% 10% 10% 5% 5% 5%

新增装机数量 11050 11255 11679 11679 11792 12021

中国历年新增装机容量(MW)


国产化比例

87%

13%

国产设备容量进口设备容量

风电设备市场机组分配图

9%

21%

17%8%13%

8%

24%Bonus

NEG-Micon

Nordex

Nordtank

Vestas

金风Goldwind

其他

风电设备市场容量分配

6%

25%

15%8%16%

9%

21%Bonus

NEG-Micon

Nordex

Nordtank

Vestas

金风Goldwind

其他

Background

© 2010 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. 9 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 9

国产化，大容量是发展的要求

Background


Background

Technical Challenge • Wind Turbine Blade and Gear • Wind Generator • Power Electronics Control System • Wind Turbine System Controller • Power Transmission and Distribution


Background

• Combinaison of – Mechanical and Fluid Domain – Electromagnetic Domain – Power Electronics and electric System Domain

Technical Challenge • Wind Turbine Blade and Gear • Wind Generator • Power Electronics Control System • Wind Turbine System Controller • Power Transmission and Distribution


ANSYS Multiphisics Solution

Electromagnetics Fluids Power Electronics Structural & Thermal

ANSYS Multiphysics Solution

PP := 6

ICA:

A

A

A

GAIN

A

A

A

GAIN

A

JPMSYNCIA

IB

IC

Torque JPMSYNCIA

IB

IC

TorqueD2D

Mechanical Fluent Maxwell Simplorer


Blade design

Rotor Sizing

Site selection Tower design

Generator and shaft design

Wind farm configuration

Power Electronics


Generator


• Power Transmission and Distribution

Power Lines HV Terminations Transformers

Switch Gear



ANSYS Multiphysics Solutions

Simplorer

Electro-Mechanical System Analysis

Mechanical

Stress and Modal Analysis

CFD

Wind Power Analysis

RMxprt & Maxwell

Electrical Machines


ANSYS Multiphysics Solutions


Outline

• Background

• ANSYS Multiphysics Solution

• High Fidelity Simulation

– Mechanical (CFD + Structural)

– Electromagnetic

– Electrical

• Summary


Simplorer,Mechanical/Maxwell, Fluent

Maxwell

Maxwell

All the different physics are simulated together inside Simplorer to get the maximum accuracy

High Fidelity Simulation

Simplorer


WB Project Schematic

Automated parametric runs for wind power data generation


Geometry in DesignModeler


CFD Mesh


Mapping of Pressure in Mechanical


Pre-Stressed Modal Analysis


Modeling Magnetic Gears

• Magnetic gears promise high torque and reliability with no contact for torque transmission.

~15rpm

~1500rpm

100x

Gear is needed to get blade rotation closer to grid frequency. Higher speed at generator helps efficiency by reducing magnetization currents.

Cycloid magnetic gear


RMxprt：Wind Generator 新增双馈风力发电机设计模块


Wind Generator Design

• Doubly Fed Induction Generator – Designed in

RMxprt/Maxwell 0.00 1000.00 2000.00 3000.00RSpeed [rpm]

0.00

20.00

40.00

60.00

80.00

100.00

Effic

ienc

y [fr

actio

n]

Efficiency Vs Speed ANSOFT


Wind Generator Design


Electromagnetic, thermal and stress coupling analysis


Nodal Force Computation

Virtual work method with single field computation

Using shell element Allow force-computing objects

to directly touch non-force-computing objects


Vibration of the stator

Total deformation of the stator in function of the time


Geometry

Losses

Centroids Mapped Losses

Temperature

Workbench DM Maxwell UDP

Maxwell

Workbench Mesher ANSYS Mechanical (automated) ANSYS CFD (Scripted)

Electromagnetic, fluid coupling analysis


Simplorer ®

High Power Inverter System Multiphysics Design

ANSYS ® Icepak ® Model Order Reduction

ANSYS ® Mechanical Model Order Reduction

Simplorer®

Temperature profile

Current profile

Maxwell ® /RMxprt ® Model Order Reduction


IGBT Inverter Design Mechanical Stress Analysis

Maxwell ® coupled with ANSYS ® Mechanical

Input Line Current Profile

Input DC Current Profile

Mapping Electromagnetic Force

Mapping Power Loss Thermal-Structural


IGBT Inverter Design Mechanical Stress Analysis


High Power IGBT ElectroMagnetic Study

The structure is meshed using automatic and adaptive meshing 自动自适应网格剖分技术

Current Distribution IGBTs on, Diodes off 电流分布，IGBT进，Diodes出


• The end IGBTs see less current than the center ones.

• This can cause reliability issues as the center IGBTs will be overloaded

• An optimization of the copper tracks can be made in order to equalize the currents.

Igbt1a and Igbt4a have the highest quantity of current

从结果可以看出：中间两个IGBT电流比边上两个大，这可能会导致中间两个IGBT过载，因此需要通过优化布局来平衡各个IGBT中的电流

High Power IGBT ElectroMagnetic Study


• Extracting parameters is straightforward as the nets are automatically assigned.

High Power IGBT Parasitics Extraction

Gate net

Emitter net

Collector net


System Simulation

• Igbt1a and Igbt4a receive the highest power levels.

• This is consistent with the DC Conduction Maxwell3D solution

Igbt1a

Igbt4a


-22.50

60.00

0

25.00

50.00

0 240.00m100.00m

2DGraphSel1 NIGBT71.IC

Extract Power Loss

0

474.00m

200.00m

400.00m

100.00 1.00Meg1.00k 3.00k 10.00k 100.00k

2DGraphCon1

GS_I...FFT

High Power IGBT System Integration


• The E field is very localized close to the module even at 100 MHz

• However, the very high power can lead to large values of E field even far from the module

• This design is fine at 110MHz.

mag E @ 100 MHz, Power = 10 000W

Spectrum (MHz)Power

(W)

Spectrum (MHz)Power

(W)

E field at 1m

(V/m) E field at 1m

(V/m)

115.7024793 2308.359536

115.7024793 2308.359536

10.35553171

10.35553171

High Power IGBT Emitted Fields


drive signal forthe converter(voltage)

Q Current Controller

D Current Controller

drive signal forthe converter(voltage)

Actual ID

Ref IDconverter

regulator

regulator

converterRef IQ

actual IQ

regulator

Ref Q

Actual Q

regulator

Q Power Controller

P Power ControllerActual P

Ref P

0

0

0

0

0

0

A1B1C1N1

A2 B2 C2 N2

ROT1ROT2

w+W

+

WM1

W

+

WM2

W

+

WM3

W+

WM4

W+

WM5

W+

WM6

w+

ICA:

FML_INIT1

EQU

FML4

STATE_1140

SET: SWA1:=0SET: SWB1:=0SET: SWC1:=0

STATE_1139


STATE_1138


STATE_1137


STATE_1136


STATE_1135


STATE_1134


STATE_1133


STATE_1132

SET: SWA1:=0SET: SWB1:=0

SET: SWC1:=0

STATE_1131


STATE_1130


STATE_1129


STATE_1128


STATE_1127


STATE_1126


STATE_1125


STATE_1124


STATE_1123


STATE_1122


STATE_1120


STATE_1119


STATE_1118


STATE_1117


STATE_1116


STATE_1115


STATE_1114


STATE_1113


STATE_1112


STATE_1111


STATE_1110


STATE_119


STATE_114


STATE_113


STATE_2_2


STATE_1121


STATE_1_8STATE_1_7STATE_1_6STATE_1_5STATE_1_4STATE_1_3STATE_1_2

STATE_118

STATE_117

STATE_116

STATE_115

STATE_2_1

STATE_1_1

STATE_Flexible1

2L3_GTOS

g_r1

g_r2

g_s1

g_s2

g_t1

g_t2

TWO_LVL_3P_GTO1

C2

B6U

D1 D3 D5

D2 D4 D6

B6U1

+V

VM1

ABC

G(s)

gs4

G(s)

gs3

G(s)

gs2

G(s)

gs1

I

GAIN

sum3

sum2

GAIN

I

sum5

GAIN

I

G(s)

gs5

G(s)

gs6

I

GAIN

sum8

0.00 100.00 200.00 300.00 400.00 500.00 600.00Time [ms]

-400.00

-200.00

-0.00

200.00

307.39

Y1

Curve Inforotor_current_d

TR

rotor_current_qTR

target_rotor_current_DTR

target_rotor_current_QTR

0.00 100.00 200.00 300.00 400.00 500.00 600.00Time [ms]-50.00

-25.00

0.00

25.00

43.09

Y1 [k

]

Curve InfoP

TRintgain='2' pgain='0.9'

QTRintgain='2' pgain='0.9'

PRTRintgain='2' pgain='0.9'

QRTRintgain='2' pgain='0.9'

0

0

100 %

11

2

T

ROT1ROT2

EQUICA: LIMIT

Complete Turbine System

DQ Power and Current Controllers

Space Vector Modulator Rectifier Inverter

Generator

Electric Grid

Power Delivered Generator Current

Wind Source


Modeling Wind Power

• Wind acts as prime mover and creates torque on the blades.

00

0

0

EQUICA: LIMIT

lmt1

100 %

11

2

T

VSI_3ph_avg

VSI3ph_A1

A_1B_1C_1

A_2B_2C_2

U3stator_connect5

ABC

+V

VM1

B6U

D1 D3 D5

D2 D4 D6

B6U1

C2

EQUICA:

A1B1C1N1

A2

B2

C2

N2

ROT1ROT2

Rectifier Inverter

Generator

Electric Grid

Wind Source

Switchgear Gearbox

v=5m/s

v=6m/s

v=7m/s

v=8m/s

v=9m/s

v=10m/s

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 RotorSpeedrpm20000

40000

60000

80000

100000Power W

Parameters: • Wind Speed • Rotor Speed • Blade Angle


System Level (Park Transformation)

Linear and nonlinear, lumped parameters

System Level (Park Transformation, Mechsim1D components)

Linear and nonlinear, lumped parameters, provides advanced mechanical properties

RMxprt – equivalent circuit generation

Nonlinear, losses, space harmonics, lookup tables

Maxwell2D/3D (Static and Transient)

As accurate as FEA simulation performed

Generator Models

3 ~

BA C

M3 ~

BA C

3 ~

BA C

( w. Damper )

MS3 ~

BA C

( w. Damper )

#

M#

B11A11 C11

A12 A2

B12 B2

C12 C2

ROT2ROT1

ASMS

3~M

N1 N2

ROT1 ROT2

M

DCMP

ROT2ROT1

C12

B12

A12

C11B11A11

3~M

SYMPD

N_1

N_2

N_3

N_4

Ansoft Key strength: different levels of Accuracy for the generator


A

A

A

T

+

w

EMI - Motor Drive Prediction

IGBT Package Design Q3D Frequency Sweep

PM Motor Design Maxwell Coupling

Bus Bar Design Q3D Frequency Sweep

Q3D Frequency Sweep Spice Coupling

PM Control Drive Design Simulink Coupling

Complete Electric Machine System Design


Complete Electric Machine System Design


Typical Application: Wind Energy Management

Wind Turbine

Generator

Power Meters

Transformers

Electrical Network

Not Included: Reactive Power Compensation Inverter


Wind Generator System Design


Power Transformation in Simplorer


System Simulation Results

0.00 100.00 200.00 300.00 400.00 500.00Time [ms]

0.00

20.00

40.00

60.00

80.00

100.00

120.00

140.00

160.00

Turb

ine.

SP

EE

D [r

pm]

Ansoft LLC Wind_generator_RMxprtSpeedCurve InfoTurbine.SPEED

TR

0.00 100.00 200.00 300.00 400.00 500.00Time [ms]

-250.00

-200.00

-150.00

-100.00

-50.00

0.00

Turb

ine.

M [N

ewto

nMet

er]

Ansoft LLC Wind_generator_RMxprtTorqueCurve Info

Turbine.MTR

Turbine Speed

Torque


System Simulation Results

• Power

0.00 100.00 200.00 300.00 400.00 500.00Time [ms]

-2.50

-2.00

-1.50

-1.00

-0.50

0.00

0.50

Y1

[kW

]

Ansoft LLC Wind_generator_RMxprtPowerCurve Info rms

P1.PTR 0.0000

P2.PTR 0.0000

P3.PTR 0.0000


Summary

• Wind energy has a strong future in renewable energy.

• Simulation helps predict reliability and capability.

• Ansys tools enable simulation for complete systems from generation, transmission, and distribution using comprehensive physics from electromagnetic, fluid dynamics, mechanics, and power electronics.

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