Windows and Lighting
in Net Zero Energy Buildings
REHVA Annual Conference 2011
Tallinn, Estonia
19th - 20th May 2011
Solar Energy and Building Physics Laboratory
Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)
Prof. Dr Jean-Louis Scartezzini
REHVA Annual Conference 2011 – May 19th - 20th 2011
Bartenbach Lichtlabor (Dorbirn/Austria)Jour
da e
t Per
raud
in (
Lyon
/Fra
nce)
INTRODUCTION
Net Zero Energy Building (Forum Chriesbach, Switzerland)
REHVA Annual Conference 2011 – May 19th - 20th 2011
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
Pri
mar
y E
nerg
y D
eman
d [M
J/m
2.a]
SIA 380/1 Minergie Minergie-P Forum Chriesbach
Embodied Energy
Electricity
Cooling
Heating
INTRODUCTION
Primary Energy Demand (Swiss Buildings Standard)
EAWAG, Forum Chriesbach, 2006.
REHVA Annual Conference 2011 – May 19th - 20th 2011
STRUCTURE OF PRESENTATION
Introduction
EPFL Daylighting Research Platform
Daylighting Resources and Provision
Anidolic Daylighting Systems
LESO Solar Experimental Building (EPFL, Switzerland)
Integrated Day- and Electric Lighting (Greenlighting)
Net Zero Energy Building (BCA, Singapore)
Conclusion
REHVA Annual Conference 2011 – May 19th - 20th 2011 6
EPFL DAYLIGHTING RESEARCH PLATFORM
Hardware
• Automated Heliodon
• Scanning Sky Simulator
• Movable Test Modules
• Digital Sky Scanner
• Bidirectional Goniophotometer
Software
• ADELINE/Radiance Programme
• LESO-DIAL Fuzzy Logic Tool
• DIAL-Europe Fuzzy Logic Tool
• HDR Imaging Technique
Daylighting Design and Analysis Tools (LESO-PB Daylighting Laboratory)
REHVA Annual Conference 2011 – May 19th - 20th 2011
Daylight Provision
Winter
Overcast Sky 7’000 Lux
Clear sky 20’000 Lux
Summer
Overcast Sky 30’000 Lux
Clear Sky 110’000 Lux
High EfficacyLow Efficacy
Range
DAYLIGHTING RESOURCES AND PROVISION
Luminous Efficacy of Daylight and Electric Light Sources
Scartezzini et al., Principles of Lighting, OFQC,1993.
REHVA Annual Conference 2011 – May 19th - 20th 2011
Application of Non-Imaging Optics (Etendue Conservation)
ANIDOLIC DAYLIGHTING SYSTEMS
Scartezzini and Courret, Solar Energy, 73(2), 2002.
REHVA Annual Conference 2011 – May 19th - 20th 2011
0.57
0.30
0.11
Double Glazing – Dark Room
Luminous Performance and Energy Savings (DIANE Test Modules)
Double Insulated Glazing
0.75
0.16
0.75
Reflection Factors
Anidolic Daylighting System
ANIDOLIC DAYLIGHTING SYSTEMS
Scartezzini et al., Daylighting Design of European Buildings 1997.
REHVA Annual Conference 2011 – May 19th - 20th 2011
50 % ANNUAL
DAYLIGHTING
AUTONOMY
(300 Lux / Urban)
Luminous Performance and Energy Savings (DIANE Test Modules)
ANIDOLIC DAYLIGHTING SYSTEMS
Scartezzini et al., Daylighting Design of European Buildings 1997.
REHVA Annual Conference 2011 – May 19th - 20th 2011
LES
O-P
B/E
PF
L, L
ausa
nne
(Sw
itzer
land
)
LESO Solar Building (Minergie-P Standard)
Anidolic
Zenithal
Collector
LESO SOLAR EXPERIMENTAL BUILDING
REHVA Annual Conference 2011 – May 19th - 20th 2011
Losses
Losses
3 kW PV Power Plant
15.5 MJ/m2.a
PC & Appliances
129 MJ/m2.a
Lighting 42 MJ/m2.a
Heating
Walls
ACH
LESO SOLAR EXPERIMENTAL BUILDING
Altherr et al., Building and Environment, 37(12), 2002.
Annual Energy Balance (Sankey Diagram)
REHVA Annual Conference 2011 – May 19th - 20th 2011
4.55.0
6.8 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.8
9.09.7 9.7
12.212.8 12.8
13.113.7
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
002 001 1102 1105 1106 2202 2203 003 1103 2201 1104 004 1101 2200 2204
Office
Insta
lled
po
wer
(W/m
2)
Lig
htin
g p
ow
er
de
nsity [W
/m²]
9.1 W/m2 Average
Best Practice
Over-sized
Direct Lighting
High Fraction of
Indirect Lighting
Task Lighting with
Incandescent Light Bulbs
GREENLIGHTING TECHNOLOGY
Electric Lighting Power (LESO Office Rooms)
REHVA Annual Conference 2011 – May 19th - 20th 2011
9.1
Current Compact
FluorescentDirect
Mode
Optimal
Design
8.3
7.0
5.6 High Efficacy Light
Sources – Highly
Efficient Luminaries –
Optimal Design
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Lig
htin
g P
ow
er
De
nsity [W
/m²]
~ 3.0
GREENLIGHTING TECHNOLOGY
Mitigation of Electric Lighting Power (Integrated Systems)
Linhart and Scartezzini, Solar Energy, 84(4), 2010.
REHVA Annual Conference 2011 – May 19th - 20th 2011
LESO Solar Experimental Building
(Office Room – Integrated Lighting System)
250 lux
150 lux
Anidolic
Luminary
200 lux
Highly Efficient Electric Lighting
(LPD = 3.5 W/m2, η = 96%)
GREENLIGHTING TECHNOLOGY
REHVA Annual Conference 2011 – May 19th - 20th 2011
Anidolic Integrated Ceiling (DEMONA Test Modules)
ANIDOLIC DAYLIGHTING SYSTEMS
REHVA Annual Conference 2011 – May 19th - 20th 2011
DF 9% DF 4%
ANIDOLIC DAYLIGHTING SYSTEMS
Anidolic Integrated Ceiling (DEMONA Test Modules)
Courret et al., Energy and Buildings, 28(1), 1998.
REHVA Annual Conference 2011 – May 19th - 20th 2011
NET ZERO ENERGY BUILDING
Singapore Zero Energy Building (BCA Academy, Singapore)
Wittkopf S., Proc. of Green Building Asia, Singapore, 2011.
REHVA Annual Conference 2011 – May 19th - 20th 2011
Advanced Daylighting Systems (ZEB, Singapore)
Anidolic Integrated Ceiling
NET ZERO ENERGY BUILDING
Linhart et al., Solar Energy, 84(7), 2010.
REHVA Annual Conference 2011 – May 19th - 20th 2011
Advanced Daylighting Systems (ZEB, Singapore)
NET ZERO ENERGY BUILDING
Wittkopf S., Proc. of Green Building Asia, Singapore, 2011.
REHVA Annual Conference 2011 – May 19th - 20th 2011
NET ZERO ENERGY BUILDING
Monthly Energy Balance (ZEB, Singapore)
Wittkopf S., Proc of Green Building Asia, Singapore, 2011.
REHVA Annual Conference 2011 – May 19th - 20th 2011
Primary Energy Demand for Electrical Appliances and Lighting
remains very significant in Net Zero Energy Buildings
Mitigation of Electric Lighting Power can be achieved by the way of
Greenlighting Technology (LPD ≈ 3.5 W/m2)
Integration of Highly Efficient Daylighting and Electric Lighting
Systems are basic for Greenlighting Technology
Focus must be placed on other Electrical Appliances than Lighting
as well as on Embodied Energy for Net Zero Energy Buildings
CONCLUSION
Thank you for your attention !
