PART I-NETWORKINGDivided into 5 parts1.Network Interfaces2.Protocols3.Redirectors And Servers4.Domains5.Active Directory

1.1 NETWORK INTERFACESNetwork Device Interface

Specification(NDIS)-Developed by Microsoft and 3Com to

disconnect n/w adapters from transport protocols.

-Between DLL and Network Layer

Transport Driver Interface(TDI)-Provides Abstraction Layer in the N/W-Between Transport Layer And Session Layer-Easier to make transport drivers.

1.2 PROTOCOLS1.Server-Message Block(SMB)-Used to send I/O requests over the N/W-Published initially as Common Internet File

System(CIFS)

2.TCP/IP-Internet Protocol

3.Point To Point Tunneling Protocol(PPTP)-Remote access server modules run on Windows

server machines and other client systems.Used over the Internet.

1.2 PROTOCOLS4.HTTP PROTOCOL-Used in WWW.Implemented as kernel-mode

driver5.WebDAV-Web Distributing and Authoring And

Versioning protocol-HTTP based protocol for collaborative

authoring6.Named Pipes-Used for IPC on same machine

1.2 PROTOCOLS7.Remote Procedure Calls(RPC)-IPC on two different machines-Hides architectural differences8.Component Object Model(COM)-Microsoft’s OLE uses it to insert

spreadsheets into MS Word

1.3 Redirectors And Servers

1.3 Redirectors And Servers

1.4 DOMAINSA domain is basically a collection of user accounts and computer accounts that are grouped together so that they can be centrallymanaged. It is the job of thedomain controller to facilitate this central management of domain resources.

1.5 ACTIVE DIRECTORYThe LDAP services are implemented in Windows called as Active

Directory

PART II-PROGRAMMER INTERFACE

PART II-PROGRAMMER INTERFACEWin32 API is the basic interface to the abilities of Windows

.NET Framework is the modern api developed by MS

C A T E G O R I E S :

1.Access to Kernel Objects 2.Sharing of objects between processes 3.Process management 4.Memory Management

2.1 ACCESS TO KERNEL OBJECTS

2.2 SHARING OBJECTS BETWEEN PROCESSES1st technique:

Child process inherits a handle to the object.If shared then used for communication between child and parent.

2nd technique:

One process gives object name and 2nd one opens it.

2.3 PROCESS MGMT. Scheduling Rule

1.IDLE PRIORITY CLASS(NT PRIORITY LEVEL 4)2.NORMAL PRIORITY CLASS(NT PRIORITY LEVEL 3)3.HIGH PRIORITY CLASS(NT PRIORITY LEVEL 2)4.REAL-TIME PRIORITY CLASS(NT PRIORITY LEVEL 1)

2.3 PROCESS MGMT. THREAD PRIORITIES:

Priority of thread is determined by:1. Priority class of its process2. Priority level of the thread

2.3 PROCESS MGMT.PRIORITY LEVELS OF THREAD: THREAD_PRIORITY_IDLE THREAD_PRIORITY LOWEST THREAD_PRIORITY_BELOW_NORMAL THREAD_PRIORITY_NORMAL THREAD_PRIORITY_ABOVE_NORMAL THREAD_PRIORITY_HIGHEST THREAD_PRIORITY_TIME_CRITICAL

2.4 MEMORY MGMT.- Virtual Address space

- Memory Mapping Files

- Heaps

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