Windows Programming

Text and Fonts

Presented By:-Anchal Sharma

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Introduction

Text FontsGDI (Graphics Device Interface)Drawing and FillingWindows APIs

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Text Basics (Requirements)

Text Tradition Art Technology

Soft proofing

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Fonts Basics

Family (Roman)Style (Italicize condense etc.)Size (Point 1/72“)

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Font Families

A font family is a set of fonts having common stroke width and serif characteristics. There are five font families. A sixth family allows an application to use the default font.

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Font family Description

Decorative Specifies a novelty font. An example is Old English.

Dontcare Specifies a generic family name. This name is used when information about a font does not exist or does not matter. The default font is used.

Modern Specifies a monospace font with or without serifs. Monospace fonts are usually modern; examples include Pica, Elite, and Courier New.

Roman Specifies a proportional font with serifs. An example is Times New Roman.

Script Specifies a font that is designed to look like handwriting; examples include Script and Cursive.

Swiss Specifies a proportional font without serifs. An example is Arial.

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Font Size

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GDI

Abstraction Device Independence Responsibility of the programmer

Parts Text Filled Areas Lines and curves Bitmaps

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GDI Objects

Class Windows handle type

CPen HPEN

CBrush HBRUSH

CFont HFONT

CBitmap HBITMAP

CPalette HPALETTE

CRgn HRGN

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Device Context

BeginPaintGetDC / ReleaseDC NULL param gives screen Hwnd param gives client

CreateDC(“DISPLAY”,…);GetWindowDC

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Fonts (Windows)

GDI Fonts / Device Fonts Raster(nonscaleable) : SYSTEM_FONT,

SYSTEM_FIXED_FONT, OEM_FIXED_FONT, Courier, Ms Serif, MS Sans Serif, Small Fonts

stroke : Connect the dots (Modern Roman Script) Plotter fonts

True Type / OpenType

GetStockObject Cannot be specific about selection DEFAULT_GUI_FONT: MS Sans Serif

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Font Consistency

Embedding: GetOutlineTextMetrics() otmfsType=1

OUTLINETEXTMETRIC structure

System FontsUsing of Fonts Enumeration User Choice Fixed type (sys fonts)

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Font Storages (Windows)

Historically, font sizes were large to fit standard disks.Just like .dllRaster/Vector: .fon file contains dataOpenType/TrueType: .fon file is header and .ttf file contains the data

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Character Set

Encoding scheme Unicode (multi-byte codes) OEM Windows Vendor (external like EBCDIC)

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GDI (Co-ordinates/Mapping)

Mapping mode does not change messagesScreen Coordinates/Client CordinatesSetViewPortOrgEx: DeviceSetWindowOrgEx: Logical

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Mapping Mode Logical Unit x-axis y-axis

MM_TEXT Pixel Right Down

MM_LOMETRIC 0.1 mm Right Up

MM_HIMETRIC 0.01 mm Right Up

MM_LOENGLISH 0.01 in. Right Up

MM_HIENGLISH 0.001 in. Right Up

MM_TWIPS 1/1440 in. Right Up

MM_ISOTROPIC Arbitrary (x = y) Selectable Selectable

MM_ANISOTROPIC Arbitrary (x !=y) Selectable Selectable

Mapping Modes

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Logical Inches

Size of inch is larger on displaySize of inch is same on printer

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Drawing

Lines MoveTo LineTo

Bezier PolyBezier PolyBezierTo

Arcs AngleArc Arc, ArcTo

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Creating Paths / Regions

ClippingFillingDrawingFunctions BeginPath(hdc) draw lines etc.

connected and then EndPath(hdc) CreateRectRgn, CreateRoundRectRgn

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Shapes

Ellipse Pie Rectangle

ChordPolygon

Shapes

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Styling the Shapes

Fill BrushSetROP2 : Raster OperationsSetFillPoly Winding Alternate

FillRect, FillRoundRect

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Text APIs

TextOut(hdc,ystart,pString,iCount) Does not recognize null character

strings GDI function

TabbedTextOut(hdc,xStart,yStart,pString, iCount, iNumTabs, piTabStops, xTabOrigin); iNumTabs=NULL (def 8) iNumTabs=1 (piTabStops repeated arg.)

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Text API s Cont…

ExtTextOut(hdc,xSt,ySt,iOpt, &rect,pString, iCount, pxDistance); ETO_CLIPPED , ETO_OPAQUE, pxDistance=spacings,

null for def.

DrawText(hdc,pString,iCount, &rect,iFormat); Recognize null terminated Strings. Also \n \r \t For \t use DT_EXPANDTABS If TA_CENTER then ½ text DT_TABSTOP

DrawTextEx(hdc,pString,iCount,&rect, iFormat,&drawtextparams); Works on avg character increments

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Text API’s Cont…

SetTextCharacterExtra(hdc, iExtra); iExtra cannot be –ve (absolute value

taken)

TEXTMETRICS tm.Hieght is not font size it includes

internal leading.

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tagTEXTMETRIC Structure

TEXTMETRIC tmHeight tmAscent tmDescent tmInternalLeading tmExternalLeading tmAveCharWidth tmMaxCharWidth tmOverhang tmDigitizedAspectX tmDigitizedAspectY

tmFirstChartmLastChartmDefaultChar tmBreakChar tmItalic tmUnderlined tmStruckOut tmPitchAndFamily tmCharSet

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Pitch & Family

TMPF_FIXED_PITCH

TMPF_VECTOR

TMPF_TRUETYPE

TMPF_DEVICE

0X01

0X02

0X03

0X04

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Font API’s

CreateFont, CreateFontIndirect, GetTextFace, GetTextMetrics.lfCharSet : only value with default 1Struct: LOGFONT,CHOOSEFONT,PANOSEGetOutlineTextMetrics: PANOSE

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WinNT/Win98

SetGraphicsMode(GM_ADVANCED) WinNt: escapement, orientations.

SetWorldTransform Mode should be advanced

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Kerning/Antialiasing

DWORD GetKerningPairs( HDC hdc, DWORD nNumPairs, LPKERNINGPAIR lpkrnpair);Anti – aliasing: GetDeviceCaps

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References

Charles Petzold, Programming Windows, 5th EditionText and Fonts, Msdn LibraryLines and Curves, Msdn LibraryK.P. Rao, Printing classes

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Thank You

Questions?