Wine filtration with Cellulose

Wine filtration with cellulose?!

So far, in wine-making cellulose was only known as ...

pressing aid(for lees, deposits from must racking, deacidification

deposits)

additive for kieselguhrs and perlites

Meanwhile, with the „CelluFluxx“ powder celluloses,

Erbslöh has developed a new product line to replace

kieselguhrs and perlites efficiently and and at the

same time cost-saving!

High consumptionHigh consumption (thus high wine loss)

Risk to healthRisk to health (calcined and flux-calcined kieselguhrs are classified „carcinogenic“ by IARC / WHO)

DisposalDisposal (costly, since partly hazardous waste, high ash content, increased waste volume)

AbrasivityAbrasivity (damage of pumps, filter tissues, etc.)

MaximumMaximum particle sizeparticle size is limited

Content of soluble ionssoluble ions

Kieselguhrs and perlites / disadvantages

Cellulose / advantages

low weight reduced consumption

low consumption less wine loss and waste

soft fibres plants/equipment do not wear out

no crystalline components not carcinogenic

purely vegetable valuable humus, soil improvement

... In comparison, offers the following technical and commercial advantages:

Kieselguhr vs. cellulose

Kieselguhr: high specific weight close-grained, compact filter cake high consumption!

Cellulose: light material porous, open filter cake very economical consumption! (up to 70 % cost reduction)

Status and results

Leading European wineries and sparkling wine producers have already switched their kieselguhr filtration 100 % to cellulose

results

on average 70 % reduction of dosage amounts! (... that means less waste and less wine loss)

reduced colour loss with cellulose and

more pleasant aroma profile of the cellulose filtered wine

no crystalline components, improved job safety

Cellulose for wine filtration

Different fineness for different requirements:

CelluFluxx F 25 for wine filtration

CelluFluxx F 75 (or CelluFluxx P 50) for the filtration of lees

CelluFluxx P 50 specially for vacuum drum filters

CelluFluxx P 30 or CelluFluxx P 50 as additive for fine CelluFluxx F 25 cellulose, kieselguhrs or perlites

CelluFluxx 1500 long fibres as pressing aid

CelluFluxx types / properties

extra

coarse

coarsemediumextra

fine

ultra

fine

Grain size

CelluFluxx P 50

CelluFluxx P 30

CelluFluxx F 75

CelluFluxx F 45

CelluFluxx F 25

Permeability

Sharpness of clarification/separation effect

CelluFluxx F 45 for wine filtration

CelluFluxx P 50 for filtration of lees on vacuum drum filters

CelluFluxx P 30 as additive for kieselguhrs, perlites and fine CelluFluxx F 45 types

Vacuum drum filters are frequently used for the filtration of lees

CelluFluxx P 50CelluFluxx P 50 was specially developed and optimised for

use on vacuum drum filters

either to entirely replace kieselguhrs or perlites

or as additive for kieselguhrs or perlites for increased throughput and filter cake stabilisation

cellulose as additive – dosage recommendation

400–500 g/m² CelluFluxx P 50 as thin backing layer for kieselguhrs or perlites resp. as 10–30 % (w/w) admixture

Vacuum drum filters / CelluFluxx P 50

Case example / Württemberg Spätburgunder (Pinot Noir)Württemberg Spätburgunder (Pinot Noir)

Kieselguhr Cellulose

50 kg coarse kieselguhr 50 kg CelluFluxx1.25 kg/m² 1.25 kg/m²

400 kg fine kieselguhr 150 kg CelluFluxx (5 x 80 kg) (5 x 35 kg)

450 kg 200 kg

330,000 L 420,000 L

1.36 g 0.48 g kieselguhr per L wine CelluFluxx per L wine

10 h 12 h

4 bar 4 bar

First precoating

Continuous dosing (total)

Consumption

Filtered wine

Specific consumption

Filter operating cycle

Maximum pressure

Consumption and wine loss

Kieselgur

Cellulose

1 kg filter aid absorbs approx. 1–2 L wine (study by State Education & Research Center of Viticulture & Horticulture Neustadt, Germany)

the filtration of 100,000 L Pinot Noir requires:

approx. 136 kg kieselguhr ... consequently a wine loss of 136–272 L

or approx. 48 kg cellulose ... consequently a wine loss of merely 48–94 L

CelluFluxx not only saves cash money (reduced consumption),

but secures higher profits (increased wine yield)!

Economic efficiency / filtration costs

Example kieselguhr cellulose

filter aid consumption [kg]

100.000 kg 30.000 kg

filter aid costs [€/kg]

0,65 €/kg 2,50 €/kg

filter aid costs, total [€]

65.000 € 75.000 €

wine loss [L](1 kg filter aid binds at least 1 L wine)

100.000 L 30.000 L

sales price wine [€/L]

1,00 €/L 1,00 €/L

cash receipt loss [€]

100.000 € 30.000 €

waste volume (25% dry matter)[kg]

400.000 kg 120.000 kg

waste disposal costs [€/to]

100 €/to 100 €/to

waste disposal costs, total[€]

40.000 € 12.000 €

actual filtration costs[€]

205.000 € 117.000 €

saving potential with cellulose[€]

88.000 €

the price of cellulose could exceed ... [€/kg]

5,43 €/kg

Economic efficiency / filtration costs

Would you like to know your additional profit?!

Plus all the other technological advantages!

Waste disposal advantagesWaste disposal advantages

Resulting filter cake from 100,000 L Pinot Noir treatment:

136 kg kieselguhr could easily lead to a 4-fold amount of

filter cake i.e. 544 kg filter sludge (25 % dry matter)

48 kg cellulose produce merely 192 kg waste (25 % dry matter)

Important: cellulose is purely vegetable thus completely biodegradable (valuable humus, material for soil improvement)

kg

100 kg

200 kg

300 kg

400 kg

500 kg

600 kg

kieselguhr cellulose

filter aidconsumption

waste

Comparison: „usual kieselguhr consumption“ according to winery:

for cuvée filtration approx. 0.30–0.50 g/L

for sparkling wine filtration approx. 0.50 – 0.80 g/L (up to 1.20 g/L)

Case study – cuvée and sparkling wine filtrationcuvée and sparkling wine filtration

Filtered amount cuvée wine 600,000 L

Filtered amount sparkling wine 103,000 L

Total amount 703,000 L

Employed filter cellulose 95 kg

Specific consumption 0.135 g/L

Filter operating cycle (pass-through period)

11 ¾ hours

Cellulose and wine quality

Colour loss by precoat filtration (Trollinger, Vernatsch)

0,0%

5,0%

10,0%

15,0%

20,0%

25,0%

cellulose filtration kieselguhr filtration

Cellulose and wine quality

0 %

25 %

50 %

75 %

100 %

125 %Frucht

Reintönigkeit

FülleBitterkeit

DLG-5 Punkte

Filtration KG Filtration Zellulose

Cellulose filtered red wine tastes significantly better!

Tasting by the cellar master taste panel of the LVWO (State Education & Research

Center/wine/fruit-growing) Weinsberg, May 21st 2003 in Weinsberg(preparation and evaluation: Dr. Schmidt and staff)

fruit

clean aromas

bodybitterness

5 point quality characteristic of the

German Food Association

filtration with

kieselguhr

filtration with

cellulose

Cellulose and wine quality

Prof. Thilo Hühn, Hochschule (technical college) Wädenswil (CH) evaluates the impact of the filtration on flavour relevant components in wine.

Result:

Cellulose removes considerably less aroma substances from the wine.

„On the basis of the conducted trials, an impact of the filter aids on the decisive, value-giving ingredients is ascertainable.

... Aroma analysis yields plain results. For most of the tested aroma substances, the wines filtered with kieselguhr present lower contents.

Except for sulphur-containing substances, these low aroma concentrations can be evaluated in a negative way (tendency).“

Cellulose and wine quality

Prof. Thilo Hühn, Hochschule (technical college) Wädenswil (CH) evaluates the impact of filtration on flavour relevant components in wine

Example

Wine Variante

Difference total sum ethyl ester

(produced by the yeast) [%]

Difference succinic acid dietyl ester [%]

Difference sum terpenes [%]

Cellulose in precoat filter

0,0 0,0 0,0

Kieselguhr in precoat filter

-14,6 -78,4 -6,3Lem

berg

er

Wine filtration: practical application/experience

On principle we recommend to build up a backing layer of

approx. 400 g/m² CelluFluxx P 30 to start with

Precoating Continuous dosage

Coarse filtration: 500-600 g/m2 CelluFluxx F 450.2-0.5 g/L CelluFluxx F 45(after the 1. racking)

„Coarse filtration“: 800-1,000 g/m2 CelluFluxx F 45 0.1-0.3 g/L CelluFluxx F 45(prior to sheet filter)

Fine filtration: 800-1,000 g/m2 CelluFluxx F 250.1-0.5 g/L CelluFluxx F 25(high requirements) (single case: 1.200 g/m2 )

Sparkling wine filtration: practical application/experience

On principle we recommend to build up a backing layer of approx. 400 g/m² CelluFluxx P 30 to start with

Precoating Continuous dosage Filtration of base wines: 500-800 g/m2 CelluFluxx F 75 0.05-0.15 g/L CelluFluxx F 75

Sparkling wine filtration:800-1,000 g/m2 CelluFluxx F 75 0.15-0.40 g/L CelluFluxx F 75High requirements: 800-1,200 g/m2 CelluFluxx F 45 0.10-0.50 g/L CelluFluxx F 45

Wine filtration: first production trials

On principle we recommend to build up a backing layer of approx. 400 g/m² CelluFluxx P 30 to start with

Aim: first, the adequate CelluFluxx type has to be found!

How to proceed therefore, at first, the original therefore, at first, the original „kieselguhr“ dosage„kieselguhr“ dosage

?! with CelluFluxx in precoating is kept.with CelluFluxx in precoating is kept. Continuous dosing according to requirement

Clarification sharpness ok, if yes, gradual reduction of CelluFluxx dosage during

pressure rise first precoating (minus 10%, ...) in subsequent trials.

moderate?! if no, change to another CelluFluxx type.

after optimisation, generally dosage savings of 50–70 % can be achieved with cellulose!

Lees filtration: practical application/experience

3 cellulose types are applied on filter presses:CelluFluxx P 50, CelluFluxx F 75 (resp. CelluFluxx P 30)

Precoating Continuous dosage Type

„Standard“ ~0.8 kg/m2 1(-3) kg / 100 L CelluFluxx P 50requirements:

„High“ ~0.8 kg/m2 1(-3) kg / 100 L CelluFluxx F 75requirements:

„Compromise“: ~0.8 kg/m2 1(-3) kg / 100 L CelluFluxx P 30

for lees filtration on vacuum drum filters exclusively CelluFluxx P 50 is suitable