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Vessel Types and Applications for Industrial Refrigeration

John KollaschJohn KollaschProduct ManagerProduct Manager

EvapcoEvapco

Al l Rights ReservedAll Rights ReservedCopyright 2001 by EvapcoCopyright 2001 by Evapco

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Vessel Types and Applications for Industrial Refrigeration

DisclaimerDisclaimer

THIS INFORMATION WAS PRESENTED AT AN ASHRAE SEMINAR

HELD IN ATLANTA, GA. THE SEMINAR FORMAT IS TO PRESENT

INFORMATION OF CURRENT INTEREST AND TO PROVIDE A VENUE

FOR INTERACTION BETWEEN ASHRAE MEMBERS. THESE

SEMINARS SHOULD NOT BE CONSIDERED PEER-REVIEWED (ORTHE FINAL WORD ON ANY SUBJECT). ASHRAE HAS NOT

INVESTIGATED, AND ASHRAE EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ANY DUTY

TO INVESTIGATE ANY PRODUCT, SERVICE, PROCESS, PROCEDURE,

DESIGN, OR THE LIKE WHICH MAY BE DESCRIBED HEREIN. THE

APPEARANCE OF ANY TECHNICAL DATA OR EDITORIAL

MATERIAL IN THIS PRESENTATION DOES NOT CONSTITUTEENDORSEMENT, WARRANTY, OR GUARANTY BY ASHRAE OF ANY

PRODUCT, SERVICE, PROCESS, PROCEDURE, DESIGN, OR THE

LIKE. NEITHER ASHRAE, THE AUTHORS OR THEIR EMPLOYERS

WARRANT THAT THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION IS

FREE OF ERRORS. THE ENTIRE RISK OF THE USE OF ANY

INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION IS ASSUMED BY THE USER.BEFORE MAKING ANY DECISION OR TAKING ANY ACTION ON THIS

SUBJECT, YOU SHOULD CONSULT A QUALIFIED PROFESSIONAL

ADVISOR.

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Vessel Types and Applications for Industrial Refrigeration

REFRIGERATION RECIRCULATORREFRIGERATION RECIRCULATOR

AND VESSEL DESIGNAND VESSEL DESIGNCONDENSERCONDENSER

HIGH PRESSUREHIGH PRESSURE

RECEIVERRECEIVER

HIGH STAGEHIGH STAGE

COMPRESSORCOMPRESSOR

THERMOSYPHONTHERMOSYPHON

RECEIVERRECEIVER

OIL COOLEROIL COOLER

VERTICALVERTICAL

INTERCOOLERINTERCOOLER

BOOSTERBOOSTER

COMPRESSORCOMPRESSOR

VERTICAL LOWVERTICAL LOW

PRESSUREPRESSURE

RECEIVERRECEIVEREVAPORATORSEVAPORATORS

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Vessel Types and Applications for Industrial Refrigeration

ThermosyphonThermosyphon ReceiverReceiver

LIQUID INLETLIQUID INLET

FROM CONDENSERSFROM CONDENSERS

VENT TO CONDENSERVENT TO CONDENSER

INLETINLET

DUAL RELIEFDUAL RELIEFGAS RETURN FROMGAS RETURN FROM

OIL COOLERSOIL COOLERS

LIQUID OVERFLOW TOLIQUID OVERFLOW TO

MAIN H.P. RECEIVERMAIN H.P. RECEIVER

LIQUID TO OILLIQUID TO OIL

COOLERSCOOLERS

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Vessel Types and Applications for Industrial Refrigeration

ThermosyphonThermosyphon ReceiverReceiver

Provide Liquid Supply to Gravity Feed Oil

Coolers

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Vessel Types and Applications for Industrial Refrigeration

ThermosyphonThermosyphon ReceiverReceiver

Volume

Separation Line Sizing

Configuration

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Vessel Types and Applications for Industrial Refrigeration

ThermosyphonThermosyphon ReceiverReceiver

Volume Required = 5 Minute Liquid Supply

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Vessel Types and Applications for Industrial Refrigeration

ThermosyphonThermosyphon ReceiverReceiver

Liquid/Vapor Separation

Size vessel for 1/2 full of liquid toprovide adequate separation space

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Vessel Types and Applications for Industrial Refrigeration

ThermosyphonThermosyphon ReceiverReceiver

Horizontal or Vertical within Height and

Space Limitations

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Vessel Types and Applications for Industrial Refrigeration

High Pressure ReceiverHigh Pressure Receiver

Holds Total System Charge

Accept Changes in Liquid Volume Causedby Fluctuations in Plant Load

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Vessel Types and Applications for Industrial Refrigeration

High Pressure ReceiverHigh Pressure Receiver -- DesignDesign

Volume

Proper Feed Configuration

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Vessel Types and Applications for Industrial Refrigeration

High Pressure ReceiverHigh Pressure Receiver

Volume - Total System Charge

Evaporator CoilsCondensers

Suction & Liquid Lines

Vessels Normal Operating Charge Volume - To Accept Operating Swings

Rule of thumb - 1/3ft3/TR

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Vessel Types and Applications for Industrial Refrigeration

IntercoolerIntercooler -- Coil TypeCoil Type

LIQUID INLIQUID IN

TO SUBCOOLINGTO SUBCOOLING

COILCOIL

SUBCOOLED LIQUIDSUBCOOLED LIQUID

TO CPRTO CPR

SUCTION OUT TOSUCTION OUT TO

HIGH STAGEHIGH STAGE

COMPRESSORSCOMPRESSORS

BOOSTER DISCHARGEBOOSTER DISCHARGE

GAS INLETGAS INLET

LIQUID INLET FROMLIQUID INLET FROM

HPRHPR

OIL DRAINOIL DRAIN

VENTVENT

OILOIL

POTPOTOIL OUTOIL OUT

CONTROL LEVELCONTROL LEVEL

HIGH LEVEL ALARMHIGH LEVEL ALARM

HIGH LEVEL SHUTDOWNHIGH LEVEL SHUTDOWN

DUAL RELIEFDUAL RELIEF

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Vessel Types and Applications for Industrial Refrigeration

IntercoolerIntercooler -- Coil TypeCoil Type

Precool Liquid to Low Temperature Side

Desuperheat Booster Discharge Gas Oil Removal

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Vessel Types and Applications for Industrial Refrigeration

IntercoolerIntercooler -- Coil TypeCoil Type -- DesignDesign

Liquid/Vapor Separation

Mixing of Discharge Gas and Liquid Quiet Area for Oil Removal

Pipe Coil to Precool Liquid

Line Sizing

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Vessel Types and Applications for Industrial Refrigeration

IntercoolerIntercooler -- Coil TypeCoil Type

Liquid/Vapor Separation

Separating Velocity vs Temperature

0

50

100

150

200

250

FPM

-40 F -20 F 0 F 20 F

Suction Temperature

Sep. Vel.

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Vessel Types and Applications for Industrial Refrigeration

IntercoolerIntercooler -- Coil TypeCoil Type

Separating Distance

Minimum = 48 from maximum liquidlevel to suction outlet

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Vessel Types and Applications for Industrial Refrigeration

IntercoolerIntercooler -- Coil TypeCoil Type

Mixing of Discharge Gas and Liquid

Quiet Area for Oil Removal

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Vessel Types and Applications for Industrial Refrigeration

IntercoolerIntercooler -- Flash Type DesignFlash Type Design

SUCTION OUT TOSUCTION OUT TO

HIGH STAGEHIGH STAGE

COMPRESSORSCOMPRESSORS

BOOSTER DISCHARGEBOOSTER DISCHARGE

GAS INLETGAS INLET

LIQUID INLET FROMLIQUID INLET FROM

HPRHPR

LIQUID OUTLETLIQUID OUTLET

TO LPRTO LPR

OIL DRAINOIL DRAIN

VENTVENT

OILOIL

POTPOTOIL OUTOIL OUT

CONTROL LEVELCONTROL LEVEL

HIGH LEVEL ALARMHIGH LEVEL ALARM

DUAL RELIEFDUAL RELIEF

HIGH LEVEL SHUTDOWNHIGH LEVEL SHUTDOWN

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Vessel Types and Applications for Industrial Refrigeration

IntercoolerIntercooler -- Flash TypeFlash Type -- DesignDesign

Advantages of Flashcooling

Improves Booster Efficiency by 2%50% Lower Cost

40% Lower Operating Charge

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Vessel Types and Applications for Industrial Refrigeration

IntercoolerIntercooler -- Flash TypeFlash Type -- DesignDesign

Disadvantages of Flashcooling

Flash Gas Formation in Liquid Line

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Vessel Types and Applications for Industrial Refrigeration

IntercoolerIntercooler -- Flash TypeFlash Type -- DesignDesign

Flash Gas Formation with 3 psi loss

0

10

20

30

40

5060

% Gas

95 F 60 F 20 F

Saturated Liquid

Temperature

% by Wgt

% by Vol

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Vessel Types and Applications for Industrial Refrigeration

RecirculatorRecirculator

DUAL RELIEFDUAL RELIEF

SUCTION TOSUCTION TOCOMPRESSORSCOMPRESSORS

RETURN FROMRETURN FROM

EVAPORATORSEVAPORATORS

LIQUID FEED FROM INTERCOOLERLIQUID FEED FROM INTERCOOLER

PUMPED LIQUIDPUMPED LIQUID

OUT TOOUT TO

EVAPORATORSEVAPORATORS

HIGH LEVEL SHUTDOWNHIGH LEVEL SHUTDOWN

HIGH LEVEL ALARMHIGH LEVEL ALARM

CONTROL LEVELCONTROL LEVEL

LOW LEVELLOW LEVEL

ALARMALARM

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Vessel Types and Applications for Industrial Refrigeration

RecirculatorRecirculator

Provide Liquid to Evaporators

Protect Compressors from Liquid Carryover

Provide Volume for Liquid Surges

Oil Removal

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Vessel Types and Applications for Industrial Refrigeration

RecirculatorRecirculator -- DesignDesign

Liquid/Vapor Separation

Surge Volume

Pumped Liquid Requirements

Line Sizing

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Vessel Types and Applications for Industrial Refrigeration

RecirculatorRecirculator

Liquid/Vapor Separation

Separating Velocity vs Temperature

020

406080

100120

140160180200

FPM

-40 F -20 F 0 F 20 F

Suction Temperature

Sep. Vel.

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Vessel Types and Applications for Industrial Refrigeration

RecirculatorRecirculator

Minimum Vertical Separating Distance = 18

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Vessel Types and Applications for Industrial Refrigeration

RecirculatorRecirculator

Surge Volume

Defrost VolumeLoad Surges

Evaporator Rundown

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Vessel Types and Applications for Industrial Refrigeration

RecirculatorRecirculator

Surge Volume Calculation

Minimum surge volume = volume ofevaporators defrosted at one time

Rule of thumb = 1/3 ft3/TR x 1/3 in

defrost = 1/8 ft3/TR

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Vessel Types and Applications for Industrial Refrigeration

RecirculatorRecirculator

Surge Volume Calculation

Maximum surge volume = total volumeof evaporators + suction line liquid

volume.

Rule of thumb = 1/3 ft3/TR + 15% of

return line volume.

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Vessel Types and Applications for Industrial Refrigeration

RecirculatorRecirculator

SURGESURGE

VOLUMEVOLUME

18 MINIMUM18 MINIMUM

18 MINIMUM18 MINIMUM

HIGH LEVEL ALARMHIGH LEVEL ALARM

LIQUID CONTROL LEVELLIQUID CONTROL LEVEL

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Vessel Types and Applications for Industrial Refrigeration

RecirculatorRecirculator

Pump Differential Pressure Requirements

= Static Head + Liquid Line Friction +

Expansion Valve + Coil Orifices + Suction

Loss

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