Winter 2011-2012 Runnymede Bulletin (Older People)

8/3/2019 Winter 2011-2012 Runnymede Bulletin (Older People)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/winter-2011-2012-runnymede-bulletin-older-people 1/28

WINTER 2011-2012 / ISSUE 368RUNNYMEDE

O L D E R

P E O P L E

FUTURE AgEINgOF ThE bME

POPULATION

RETIREMENT

bME cARERS

DILNOT REvIEW

AcTIvE AgEINg

OLDER WOMEN’S

RIghTS

gROWINg OLD FAR FROM hOME



2 | RUNNYMEDE bULLETIN | WINTER 2011-2012 / IssuE 368 www.runnymedetrust.or

Runnymede

bULLETINDr Ro berkeleyDirector

Sara IsalDepty Director

Dr Omar KanHead of Policy Reearch

Dr Deie Weekes-bernardsenior Reearch & PolicyAnalyt

Pil MawinneyReearch & Policy Analyt

vastiana belfonReal Hitorie Directory

Roin FramptonPblication Editor

viki butlerPblic Aair Manager

Klara SmitReearch & Policy Analyt

Kamaljeet gillReearch & Policy Analyt

Reea WallerAdminitrator

Ojeaku NwauoProject Aitant

carlotte MoranBlletin Editorial Aitant

and Page Layot Deigner

7 Plogh YardLondon EC2A 3LPT: 020 7377 9222

IssN 2045-404X

The Rnnymede Trt,Febrary 2012. Openacce, ome rightreerved, bject tothe term of CreativeCommon LicenceDeed: Attribtion-Non-Commercial-No DerivativeWork 2.0 uK: England

& Wale. Yo are freeto copy, ditribte,diplay and performthe work (incldingtranlation) withot writtenpermiion; yo mtgive the original athorcredit; yo may not ethi work for commercialprpoe; yo may notalter, tranform, or bildpon thi work. For moreinformation pleae go towww.creativecommon.org. For prpoe otherthan thoe covered bythi licence, pleaecontact Rnnymede.

Runnymede i the uK’

leading race eqalitythinktank. We are areearch-led, non-partypolitical charity workingto end racim.

coer Imae

Carl Campbell DanceCompany 7 RecycledTeenager Project

(c) PRIAE/CarlCampbell DanceCompany

www.priae.org

www.ccdc7.co.k

WELCOME to the Winter 2011-2012 ie of the RnnymedeBlletin.

For thi ie of the Blletin, I wa aited by Charlotte Morganwho gave me tremendo pport with the editing, page layotand photo reearch, for which many thank are de.

The theme of thi ie i older black and minority ethnicpeople. The ie begin with an article by Nat Lieveley ofthe Centre for Policy on Ageing who ndertook the reearch fora report pblihed by Rnnymede Trt in 2010 entitled The future ageing of the ethnic minority population of England and Wales

. One of the main nding of thi report i that whilt therewere only 230,000 black and minority ethnic people over theage of 65 at the time of the 2001 cen, thi gre i projectedto grow to 2.7 million by 2051.

Thi demographiic change raie many concern incldingwork and penion, health and ocial care, and retirementdeciion, which are all conidered in thi ie of the Blletin.

It i hoped that thee article will addre thee challenge andhed light on the trggle to enre racial jtice in older age.

Older people are an aet to ociety and have mch tocontribte; they are not ‘other’ bt imply ‘’ when we areolder.

The photograph choen for the front cover from the ‘RecycledTeenager’ Project i an attempt to convey the idea of a fll andatifying life in older age, which i the right of everyone.

The spring 2012 Blletin will have port and the Olympic a ittheme.

Robin Frampton, Editor.

Email: [email protected]

Editor’sLETTER



www.runnymedetrust.or WINTER 2011-2012 / IssuE 368 | RUNNYMEDE bULLETIN | 3

contents

FEATURES

ThE FUTURE AgEINg OF

bRITAIN’S bME POPULATION

Nat Lieveley of the Centre for

Policy On Ageing report on

hi experience of working with

poplation data

ThE DILNOT REvIEW

Robert Trotter reviit the Dilnot

Review to explore it main

contention and dic it

contining importance

A REWARDINg RETIREMENT

Rnnymede’ Phil Mawhinney

report on a recent aembly

that wa held with BME Older

people in the uK

PROTEcTINg OLDER

WOMEN’S hUMAN RIghTS

Elizabeth sclater, of the Older

Women’ Network, Erope, write

on the hadow report which willbe ent to the CEDAW Committee

at the uN thi mmer

OLDER WORKERS IN

MODERN TIMES

Omar Khan arge there ha

been inadeqate conideration

of the ageing phenomena and

it coneqence for BME older

people

gENERATION 3.0: ENDINg

RAcISM IN A gENERATIONVicki Btler report on

Generation 3.0’ initiative

which took place in Mancheter

and Croydon in Atmn 2011

AccESS FOR bME OLDER

PEOPLE IN MULTI-EThNIc

bRITAINDr Tracey Reynold fromLsBu report on the crrentineqalitie of ocial care

ASSET bUILDINg

Omar Khan explore thechallenge and benet of aet

bilding for BME older people

MEANS ThE ARTIcLE IS RELATED TO OUR ThEME: OLDER PEOPLE

P h o

t o :

V i j a y

J e

t h w a

P h o

t o :

F l i c k r / g e e z a w e e z e r

( G e r a

i n t R o w

l a n

d )

hALF A MILLION vOIcES

Dalveer Kar dice the key

ie in a new report releaed

by Carer uK

RETROSPEcTIvE

gROWINg OLD FAR FROM

hOME

Naina Patel OBE of PRIAE lookback to the pblication of a 1997

report on BME older people to

review the progre made ince

REgULARS

NEWS

A election of race-related

new torie from the pat few

month

vOx POPMember of the pblic

comment on whether they

wold like to retrn to the

contry where they were born

when they retire

KEY FAcTS

Ten thing yo didn’t know

abot BME older people

REvIEWS

America’ new generation of

white activit, mlticltralimand ocial coheion in the uK

DIREcTOR’S cOLUMN

Rob Berkeley on the importance

of BME older people a an

aet to the poplation

06

08

09

11

14

16

18

22

P h o

t o :

D e

t a i l f r o

m I m

a g e

t h i r s t p

h o

t o

04

19

23

24

27

20

12




Thee development were of corepreceded by the deadly attack atthe hand of far-right ympathierAnder Breivik in Norway in Jly2011, and followed by the recentconviction of two men for the racitmrder of stephen Lawrence in theuK in Janary 2012. Many of theeincident have factor in common,in that either the perpetrator hadlink with the far right, and/or thekilling were fond to be raciallymotivated. Anti-racit organiationhave arged that thee event arenot occrring in a vacm, and that

they reect an anti-immigrant andfar-right ideology preent in pblicand political dicore that i on therie acro Erope.

power in black and minority ethniccommnitie, together with theelow arret rate have felledaccation of ethnic proling andthrown into qetion the ecacy ofthi police tactic in crime redction.From viewpoint eeing it a aninvalable tool for combatingcrime, to argment that e of thepolice tactic i alienating ethnicminority commnitie and training

police-commnity relation, policepower to top and earch havelong been bject to a heateddebate.

The organiation campaigningfor police reform have largelywelcomed the move to redceexceive top and earch in thecapital, bt have arged that morework need to be done to improvethe relationhip between the policeand black and minority ethniccommnitie. Althogh the reform

will hopeflly redce the nmberof people topped by police withotprobable cae, the plan do nototline any meare directly aimedat tackling diproportionality.

The Metropolitan police haveannonced plan to redce thenmber of top and earche inLondon and reform e of thecontroverial power to earchpeople withot reaonablepicion. Met CommiionerBernard Hogan-Howe haexpreed concern that ocer’condct in relation to top andearch i not bject to enogh

crtiny, and the Met haannonced it plan to improve theeectivene of top and earchand increae pblic condence.

The reform will aim to ct in half thenmber of time police athoriean area to be the target of topmade nder section 60 of thePblic Order and Criminal JticeAct 1994, which allow earchewithot reaonable picion. Inaddition to plan to increae thelevel of intelligence reqired to

implement a section 60 order, thepolice will alo be targeting mallerarea with higher crime rate, andknown criminal and pect with

an aim of increaing arret rateand combating violent crime.

Media report have linked the Met’deciion to review top and earchto the recent conviction of themrderer of stephen Lawrenceand the fact that police top andearch tactic have freqentlybeen cited a a factor fellingthe reentment which led to the

riot. Evidence ha conitentlydemontrated that police power totop and earch diproportionatelytarget black people and minorityethnic commnitie.

under section 60 of the PblicOrder and Criminal Jtice Act1994, which allow earchewithot reaonable picion, rateof diproportionality are particlarlyhigh: black people are 27 timemore likely to be topped by policethan white people. Government

tatitic indicate that 2% of topand earche condcted ndersection 60 lead to an arret. Thediproportionate e of thi police

news in rief

Metropolitan polie to redue stop and sear

in London

A pate of mrder that haveoccrred recently in varioEropean contrie have generatedwidepread concern abot the rieof xenophobia and the far rightin Erope. A erie of mrder ofimmigrant by an extreme-rightterrorit cell have contined topark controvery in Germany. InNovember lat year it emerged that aneo-Nazi cell wa behind the erieof mrder throghot Germany,motly of foreign-born hopkeeper.The far-right terrorit grop, theNational socialit undergrond, i

believed to have hot dead eightTrkih and one Greek immigrantbetween 2000 and 2006.

In December lat year in Florence,Italy, a lone gnman hot deadtwo senegalee treet vendorand wonded three other,before killing himelf. GianlcaCaeri wa aid to have far-rightallegiance, inclding link to theItalian anti-immigrant organiationCaaPond. Three hndred Africanbeqently marched in protetagaint the mrder in Florence.More recently in France, the deathof two men dring police arret inJanary parked day of protetand car-brning after accation

that deliberate police violence wathe cae of the death.

Raist murders in Europe




NEWS EDITED bY KLARA SchMITz

Stepen Lawrene’s murderers onited

After more than 18 year, two ofstephen Lawrence’ killer havenally been broght to jtice. Thecae of Lawrence, the 18-year-oldtdent who wa tabbed to deathin soth Eat London in 1993, habeen one of the mot notorionolved mrder in Britain. Bton 3 Janary 2012, two of the veoriginal pect were convicted forthe mrder of stephen Lawrence.

Dring the recent trial into hideath, the jry heard new forenicevidence that fond stephen’DNA on the defendant’ clothe,linking Gary Dobon and DavidNorri directly to the mrder. At theend of the ix-week trial, Dobonand Norri were both fondgilty of mrder and received life

entence of 15 year and 14 yearrepectively.

The racit mrder of stephenLawrence ha had a maiveimpact on policing, law and politic,in addition to having far-reachingimplication for debate arond racerelation in Britain. From the fact thatstephen wa mrdered by a gangof white yoth in an nprovokedracit attack becae of the color ofhi kin, to the Macpheron report’nding of intittional racim in thepolice force, the stephen Lawrencecae ha generated ongoingdicion on the natre of racimin Britain. In the aftermath of theccefl proection of two of thekiller, ome have arged that racim

A Committee of MP i tohold an inqiry into racimin port, following a pate ofracit incident involving topfootballer. Recent eventhave renewed concern overthe prevalence of racim infootball. The eion will notlook exclively at the game,bt in the wake of the Lisarez cae and allegationagaint John Terry, football willbe the primary foc.

In December, Liverpool’ Lisarez wa banned for eightgame and ned £40,000 bythe Football Aociation afterbeing fond gilty of raciallyabing Mancheter united’Patrice Evra. England captainJohn Terry i facing a criminalcharge for allegedly raciallyabing Qeen Park Ranger’Anton Ferdinand dring a

Premier Leage game. Motrecently, police have beeninvetigating an incident of a20-year-old man who allegedly

MPs to old enquiry into raism in sport

i no longer a big ie, policing haimproved and now that jtice habeen done, we have come to the endof the jorney.

However, far from eeing the verdicta an opportnity to relax in the ghtagaint racim, other commentatoree thi moment a a tark reminderthat the trggle againt racialdicrimination i not over. Racitviolence contine to take place

extenively acro the contry, poorpolice-commnity relation, anddiproportionate top and earchrate in black and minority ethnicpoplation all indicate that the needto combat racim remain a rgenta ever.

racially abed Oldham playerTom Adeyemi dring a gameagaint Liverpool. The man waarreted and later releaed onbail.

David Cameron ha expreedconcern at thi rergence ofracim in football and ha pokenof the importance of footballgoverning bodie, clb andfootballer acting a role model.He ha alo arged that moreneed to be done to promotecoache and manager fromblack and minority ethnic grop.Praiing graroot organiationcampaigning on the ie cha show Racim the Red Card,Kick It Ot, and street Leage,Cameron tated “We will nottolerate racim in Britain. Itha aboltely no place in orociety. And where it exit, wewill kick it ot”.

P h o

t o :

F l i c k r / R o n n

i e M a c

d o n a

l d




FEATURE

In 2010, Nat Lieesley of the Centre for Policy on Ageingcompiled a report on the ageing BME poplation in Englandand Wale. In the 2001 Cen there were 230,000 BMEpeople over 65; thi gre i likely to rie to 2.7m by 2051.

Te Future Aein ofbritain’s bME Population

Introdution

One of the mot importantdemographic change of the 21t

centry will be the increaing nmberand proportion of older people in thepoplation.

Policy maker and politiciantrggle with the implication. Howwill penion and healthcare be paidfor? Already, in employment, denedbenet penion cheme havebeen widely replaced by denedcontribtion cheme which takeyor money bt leave it to the marketat the time of retirement to determinethe level of benet.

A life expectancy ha improved,healthy life expectancy ha not qitekept pace. Thi implie an increaedftre demand for health ervice byolder people beyond that indicatedby their nmber.

The Dilnot Commiion ha madepropoal for the ftre fnding oflong term care for older people btthe government i heitant to endorethoe propoal.

In early 2010 the Rnnymede Trt

aked the Centre for Policy on Ageingto look at the ftre ageing of theethnic minority poplation of Englandand Wale a part of it programmeon the nancial inclion of olderpeople fnded by the NationwideFondation.

someone who will be 65 year old in2051 i 25 year old in 2011 and wajt 15 year old at the time of the2001 cen.

To review the older ethnic minority

poplation in the ftre we haveto look at the BME poplation a awhole and ee how it develop overtime (ee Figre 1).

cPA Projetions

CPA’ principal projection were‘cohort component projection’ foreach ethnic grop taking, a a olidbae, the 2001 cen then, in veyear increment, adding projected

birth, btracting projected deathand adding in projected net inwardmigration.

All that i eaier aid than done.The nmber of birth to a particlarethnic grop in a ve year perioddepend on the age of the femalemember of the grop and theirlikelihood of having children. Thi

fertility information for individalethnic grop ha been een acontentio and wa ntil veryrecently jt not available.

Fiure 1.




Older BME People and Financial Inclusion Report

Nat Lievesley

The future ageing of

the ethnic minority

population of England

and Wales

In addition, ethnicity i elf denedand a mother from a particlar ethnicgrop will not necearily have achild of the ame ethnic grop.Where the parent are from dierentethnic grop the child may take theethnicity of the mother or the father

or a mixed ethnicity. Even whenboth parent are of the ame ethnicgrop the child may take a dierentethnicity. A child of white Polihparent (ethnicity - White Other),born in the uK may well take theethnicity White Britih.

CPA ed the ethnicity categoriefrom the 2001 cen for Englandand Wale. A pecial centable, CO200, commiioned bythe Greater London Athority DataManagement and Analyi Grop,

give the proportion of birth to

particlarly after 2021. Thi will haveimplication for the incidence ofhealth condition aociated witholder age ch a dementia (eeFigre 2 below).

The ethnic minority poplationof England and Wale remain, in

general, yonger than the majority‘White Britih’ poplation. Thi i noteqally tre for every ethnic minoritygrop, in particlar the White Irih,Indian, ‘White Other’, and BlackCaribbean ethnic grop, and willbecome le tre in the ftre a theethnic minority poplation age.

Population Strutures

The ethnic minority poplationgrop are very dierent from each

other in term of age trctre.The more ronded poplationpyramid for the White Britih, WhiteOther and Indian poplation how amatre, ageing poplation while themore broad baed Mixed – White/ Black Caribbean and Bangladehipyramid how a mch yongerpoplation trctre, even in 2026(ee Figre 1).

Migration, ethnic minority poplationetimate and the ftre ageing ofthe ethnic minority poplation have

proved hot topic, with the CPAreport having received over 45,000download from the CPA webiteince it lanch in Agt 2010.

The fll report, The future ageing of the ethnic minority population of England and Wales, i available onthe Rnnymede webite and at http:// www.cpa.org.uk/reportsandreviews

mother from a particlar ethnicgrop where the child i given theame ethnicity and the proportionaigned to each other ethnic grop.For 53% of White Irih mother, 41%of White Other mother and 29% ofMixed – White/Aian mother thechild take a White Britih ethnicity.White Britih, Bangladehi, BlackAfrican, Indian and Pakitani are theethnicitie where the child i motlikely to keep the ethnicity of themother.

If the 2011 cen i the lat ofit kind, olid, poplation-baedinformation like thi will no longer beavailable.

healt and Miration

BME health and mortality i ingeneral wore than for the majoritywhite poplation bt life expectancygenerally improve over time. ABangladehi man, for example,

in 2001 had the life expectancythat a typical male member of thepoplation a a whole wold haveexperienced in 1996. Thi provide abai for etimating death by ethnicgrop going forward.

The mot diclt thing to etimate forethnic minority poplation projectioni ftre migration. Migration to andfrom the Eu i nretricted andmigration from the ret of the worldi very dependent on governmentpolicy, the coalition government

having promied to redce netinward migration level fromhndred of thoand to ten ofthoand. Re-migration, the retrnor onward migration of non-Britihnational, i an increainglyimportant phenomenon. since 1975arond one half of all immigranthave re-migrated.

Between 2001 and 2007, net inwardmigration wa the dominant factorin the growth of the White Other,Chinee, Indian and Black African

ethnic grop.The CPA projectionetimate that BME grop (excldingWhite Other) will form 16% of thepoplation of England and Wale in2016, 20% by 2026 and 30% in 2051.The ethnic minority poplation overthe age of 65 i et to grow rapidly,Fiure 2.

FEATURE




individal and familie pay for all bt themot eential ocial care. Thi i a realproblem: there i a widepread neglectof thoe element of care which aren’tnecearily life-threatening bt remainimportant to people’ well-being.

Dilnot’s reommendationsDilnot make two headlinerecommendation to reolve thi crii.Firtly, he want to cap individalpending on care at £35,000 - any cotbeyond thi wold be paid for by the

tate. Thi work in exactly the ameway a an ‘exce’ on car inrance. Forthoe who coldn’t aord to pay p to thecap, the government wold cover mot ofthe cot of care. Thi wold make ocialcare fnding more eqitable and morepredictable, allowing better nancialplanning for older people.

Hi econd key recommendation raiethe eligibility threhold, o that thenew fnding arrangement (tate payeverything over £35,000) applie toeveryone with aet p to the vale

of £100,000. Anyone with aet worthmore than thi threhold wold till paythe total cot of their care.

Of the many good idea left in the longgra otide Wetminter, few repreentch a tragically wated opportnitya the Dilnot review. Welcomed onpblication bt now apparently forgotten,Dilnot’ propoal oer a niqeopportnity to reform how we provideocial care for older people.

Dilnot’ viion i far from perfect – themot vlnerable, epecially BME olderpeople, wold remain expoed - btthe Dilnot report ha abot it the air of a

lat chance. Withot erio reform werik nding orelve ageing in a worldwhere the need for ocial care i largelymet only by the individal capacity topay.

Te risis in soial are forolder peopleDilnot make three critiqe of the crrentytem of ocial care for older people.Firtly, we are pending far too little - higre how that the demand for ocialcare ha ottripped pending by 9%over the lat for year. simply pt, older

people need more ocial care than wecan crrently aord.

Thi lead to the econd criticim: almotall ocial care ha to be paid for by olderpeople themelve. Crrently, anyonewho own aet of more than £23,250pay for the majority of their own ocialcare. Thi i a problem for many reaon,bt Dilnot foce on the idea of rik. Weare nable to predict the type and extentof care we will need in old age, andthe need to pay for thing like nringhome can cae hge nancial hock

to individal nance. Thoe with highlevel of aet are able to withtandthee hock and lead relativelycomfortable live. People withot aetrik loing everything a they ell theiraet to pay for care. Thi make olderpeople’ nance extremely precario.

Dilnot’ third criticim i the inconitencyof ervice proviion acro the uK. Hearge that the qality of care olderpeople receive i often highly dependenton where they live – a kind of ‘potcodelottery’, with ome concil providing

better care than other. It alo dependon wealth, with only the very pooretbeing oered any tate aitance. Inpractice, the crrent ytem make

Te impat of Dilnot on bMEolder peopleThe Dilnot recommendation woldoer a welcome improvement in ocialcare for older BME people. They woldmake the care ytem far more eqitable,both by improving the tandard of carefor the pooret, and removing the rikof nancial hock which BME peopleare particlarly nable to withtand.In thee ene he ha deigned aclaic ocial inrance model. Yet thereremain ie particlar to BME older

people that aren’t addreed by theDilnot recommendation – pecically,their diproportionate likelihood to bender-penioned.

The problem i that ome of the apectof the Dilnot recommendation are tiedinto particlar income tream, the keyamption being that mot older peoplehave acce to at leat a baic tatepenion. Thi i evident in hi claim thatthe majority of older people will be ableto aord a contribtion of £7000–10,000a year toward food and heating bill.However, acce to baic tate penion

i far from niveral, epecially for olderpeople from ethnic minority backgrond.

To generalie, thi i becae ethnicminority people tend to work in low-paid,hort-term and part-time job, makingtheir National Inrance contribtionhorter and their penion ltimatelymaller. Dilnot foce a great deal ofattention on the idea of ‘collectiviingrik’, viewing rik a the wort ineqalityin ocial care proviion. Yet he pay leattention to ineqalitie in aet andincome in the rt place – a far morepreing ie for many BME older

people. In hort, older BME people areome of the mot vlnerable people inociety, and there are dobt that Dilnot’recommendation can provide for theegrop.

conlusionDilnot cold do more to reinforce ocialprotection for older people from allbackgrond, bt in general the rationalefor change i ond. In hi attempt topread the health rik of old age, andcreate a fairer and more coherent ocialcare ytem, Dilnot ha deigned an

elegant ocial inrance ytem which inlikely to be bettered in the immediateftre.

Te Dilnot Reiew: An InsitThe Dilnot Review ha been largely forgotten ince it pblication inJly 2011. Roert Trotter reviit the docment to explore it maincontention and dic it contining importance.

FEATURE

People witoutassets risk losineerytin as teysell teir assets topay for are.

In hort, Dilnot recommend a tieredytem, with tate fnding tied into threebroad income grop:

• Thoe with aet over £100,000 remainreponible for their own reidential care;

• Thoe with aet le than £100,000will pay the rt £35,000 of care cot,and the tate will cover everything ele;

• Thoe with aet below £35,000 willhave their care paid for by the tate, apart

from an initial contribtion of between£7000 and £10,000 toward heatingcot and food. He ame that thi iaordable nder mot penion cheme.




Or ageing ociety i a real focof crrent debate, mot of whichinvolve worrying abot howthe uK’ health, ocial care andpenion ytem will cope with thebrgeoning nmber of penioner.

For the lat two year, Rnnymedeha been looking at the fat-growingpoplation of older black andminority ethnic (BME) people, theirditinctive experience and theparticlar challenge they face.Thi 3-year programme of reearchinto Financial Inclion and OlderBME people i helping Rnnymedendertand the nancial experienceand wider concern of thi growinggrop.

A part of thi work, Rnnymederecently broght together 50 olderpeople from a range of ethnicbackgrond in a deliberativeaembly event, where they reectedon or work o far and haredtheir knowledge and concern onretirement. The nding are aninvalable addition to the debate onhow we can pport older people inthe uK with a fair and decent level ofpport, care and repect.

Pensions and poertyWe know the tat on penioner

poverty and – nearly one intwo Bangladehi and Pakitanipenioner live in poverty, ado 1 in 4 older Black Caribbeanpeople, compared to 1 in 6 Whitepenioner. Bt thee gre dolittle to decribe the daily realityof poverty. Participant of thedeliberative aembly repeatedlytold that their tate penionincome i ‘meagre’ and that they donot have enogh money to heat theirhome; indeed, to ecape their coldhome they pend their afternoon

in place like hopping centre andlibrarie. A one man aid, ‘Peoplego into the pb, ipping pint jt tokeep warm’.

One of the ditinctive featre of theolder BME poplation i that manyarrived in the uK in the pot-Warperiod of the 1940–1960, tangthe NHs and rebilding the contry.Many worked in debilitating manaljob and provided care for children

and other relative. Many of theaembly participant felt that thegovernment i not fairly repaying thecontribtion they have made to thecontry throghot their live.

A well a having incient moneyto heat their home, they aid thatthat at 65 they deerve to ret ratherthan be forced to work for longerwhile in ill health, they are not treatedwith repect or dignity in hopitaland that it i nfair to have theirpenion income taxed.

Retirement and ‘return’One particlar injtice, ahighlighted by people in theaembly, i that many who chooeto ‘retrn’ to their contry of birthwhen they retire are crrently deniedacce to a fll uK tate penion,throgh a lack of annal pratingin mot contrie otide Erope.someone who ha lived and workedin the uK for 40 year who decideto retire to Trinidad, Nigeria, Indiaor Bangladeh, for example, will

receive a tate penion that i frozenin vale when they leave the uK,rather than increaing with ination.Thi mean they can mi ot on p

to £24,000 income over the coreof 20 year of retirement.

Thi i an ie that Rnnymederecently highlighted in it reportTo Stay or Not to Stay? (see

http://www.rnnymedetrt.org/ pblication/169/32.html for a flllit of contrie where penionare frozen). Dring or reearch forthi report, we poke to Caribbeanand Moroccan people, ome ofwhom trongly felt the ame eneof nfairne – that they are beingdenied a fair repayment of the workand eort they have pt in throghottheir live. Ryma, a woman who waborn in Morocco bt who ha livedin the uK for nearly 40 year and iapproaching retirement, i a goodexample:

“I think especially if you worked

all your life, like in my case, I

have been working since 1975, I

haven’t stopped, so I paid enough

taxes and national insurance. So

to go back [to Morocco] and suer

in my retirement, I don’t think I will

accept that.”

Rnnymede recommend that theuK government prate all overeauK tate penion, o that the

peron receiving it will have a moremeaningfl penion, increaing invale every year and reecting thework and energy they have given touK ociety.

conern epressed for teyouner enerations‘Today’ yonger generation iincreaingly reentfl toward theirelder’ wealth and diregard of theftre’, wrote Mary Ann sieghart inthe The Independent on Febrary 7th2011. Thi reect another importantdebate on how to achieve fairnebetween dierent generation.In thi context, many of the older

Pil Mawinney report on the key ie faced by Older BMEpoplation in the uK.

A Rewarding Retirement:Notes from an Assemly of

Older bME People

FEATURE

Many feel tat teoernment is notfairly repayin te

ontriutions teyae made to teountry trououtteir lies




participant of Rnnymede’deliberative aembly actallyexpreed concern for the yongergeneration. some had ympathywith the hge nmber of yongpeople who are nemployed andnable to provide for themelve,never mind ave for the ftre, at a

time when the cot of living i veryhigh. Indeed, more than 48 percent of yong black people werenemployed in 2009, accordingto a recent ippr technical briengon yoth nemployment and thereceion.

A cople of people linked thi tothe wider problem of dicriminationin the labor market againt BMEpeople, with one participant ayingthat ethnic minoritie were the rt toloe their job dring the receion

(there i ome evidence to pportthi – ee EHRC’ Monitoring pdateon the impact of the receionon vario demographic grop,December 2009). Other made thepoint that the diadvantage that they

had experienced in the labor marketwhen they were working meant theywere nable to pt enogh aide fora comfortable retirement.

One way penioner help theirtrggling relative i throghnancial pport, draining theiralready mall income. some alotalked abot the care they provideto grandchildren, which they feel inot flly recognied. Thi reect abroader point – that older people inthe uK are by-and-large een a abrden when they hold be een aan aet, given the care they provide,and other ocial contribtion cha volnteering on charity board.One man pt it ccinctly: ‘If yo tookaway all the grandparenting peopleprovide, the uK wold collape’.

conlusion: ‘Many ultures,one soiety’Throghot 2012 and beyond,Rnnymede will contine to givevoice to older BME people’

experience, ggeting oltionto the challenge we ncover. Twokey concern emerged from ordeliberative aembly:

• older people hold be fairlyrepaid the contribtion theyhave made to ociety throghottheir live; and

• older people hold be een aan aet rather than a brden.

The dicion in the aemblyhowed that older BME peopleface ome particlar barrier to adecent retirement bt that they alohare many of the challenge ofgrowing old with people of all ethnicbackgrond. A one man pt it, ‘we

are many cltre, bt one ociety’.

You can see a lm of the assembly at http://www.runnymedetrust.org/ projects-and-publications/projects/ financial-inclusion/facing-financial- futures.html

FEATURE

grandparents

and grandparentin

A researh review was reentlyundertaken y Professor bo broad

at London South bank University

that analysed UK researh

literature, aademi journal artiles,

and statistis aout randparents.

grandparents were also

identied as kinship arers.

Being a Grandparent: Research

Evidence, Key Themes and Policy

Recommendations was funded and

pulished y the grandparents’

Assoiation: www.randparents-assoiation.or.uk.

Contact Bob Broad: broadb@lsbu.

ac.uk

P h o t o :

©

P R I A E - w o r k

i n g

t o g e

t h e r w

i t h B M E e

l d e r s

i n a c

t i v e a g e

i n g

barnet Asian Older People’s Dane




Developin a shadow report inthe UKA the uK wa to preent their eventhprogre report in 2011, I felt that thipreented a niqe opportnity todevelop a shadow Report on olderwomen in the uK ing the GR27 a aframework. In Janary 2011, with thepport of Age uK, we held a meetingof Age and Gender NGO repreentingolder women from acro the uK. Keyie were identied and I wa takedto draft an ‘evidence’ paper.

In April, the draft paper wa ent to theGovernment a they prepared theirreport to the CEDAW Committee. TheGovernment report wa ent to the uNin Jne 2011. The draft NGO paperwa alo circlated to the originalparticipant, academic and othertakeholder for comment and toidentify gap. Age uK held foc grop

with older women inclding women fromrral commnitie, older lebian andblack and minority ethnic older women.In Jly a econd meeting wa called toreview the government report, the draftpaper and conrm direction. It i fromthi paper and the wider conltationthat the hadow report i crrently beingdrafted. An analyi of the governmentpaper howed no reference to the newGR27, no acknowledgement of theageing poplation and the impact onocial ecrity and ervice deliverywithin the crrent nancial climate, two ofthe key ie raied by older women in

conltation.

Key issues and hallenes

A wide range of ie were identied.Great concern wa expreed abot theimpact of crrent and impending pblicector ct. Thi wa not only in relationto availability of, and acce to ervicebt the impact of redndancie that maytarget older, part-time worker (mainlywomen). Priority ie identied were:

• Poverty of older women incldingthe impact of change to tateretirement penion from RPI to CPI;change to welfare benet andallowance and poor retrn onaving and invetment followingthe nancial crii;

Following the diappointing relt of lat year’ CEDAW CommiionReport, Eliaet Slater, of the Older Women’ Network, Erope,talk of the shadow Report they are crrently working on.

Protetin Older Women’shuman Rits

Introdution

In October 2010, the uN Committeewhich overee the progre of tatepartie in the meare they havendertaken to comply with their treatyobligation regarding the Conventionon the Elimination of all form ofDicrimination againt Women (CEDAW)

made hitory by adopting the GeneralRecommendation on Older Women andthe Protection of their Hman Right(GR27). Thi et ot how the article ofthe convention apply to older women andrecommend pecic action for tatepartie to take.

The united Kingdom i a ignatory toCEDAW and, a ch, i legally bondto pt the Convention’ proviioninto practice. It i alo committed tobmitting national report, at leat everyfor year, on meare they have takento comply with it treaty obligation. The

united Kingdom bmitted it eventhreview report in Jne 2011, and expectto have the contrctive dialoge with theCommittee in the mmer of 2013.

NGO can play a key role in thi proce,contribting to the preparation of thegovernment report, a well a providingshadow Report on ie of continingconcern and recommendation for action.The CEDAW GR27 give gender and ageNGO a niqe opportnity to recognieprogre in relation to the hman right ofolder women in the united Kingdom, awell a to hold government to accont onie that till cae concern.

bakround

Member of the Older Women’ Network,Erope had been intrmental inpporting the working grop of theCommittee and it Chairperon, MFerdo Ara Begm (Bangladeh).

We collected evidence of hman rightabe from acro Erope and beyond;or Dtch colleage worked on draftof the general recommendation with theCEDAW Committee’ repreentative fromthe Netherland; we promoted the workacro age and gender NGO networkworld-wide.

• Ageim in employment, highlightedby the recent BBC cae;

• Older women a carer for yongchildren a well a adlt of allage. Th aecting their ability tolead their own live, participate intraining, learning and work incldingability to contine making penioncontribtion;

• Impact of health ervice change,anxiety abot acce to erviceand treatment option;

• Cot and rationing of ocial careervice, even for very vlnerableolder women, a a relt of pblicervice ct;

• social iolation: Older womenmore reliant on pblic tranportand rral older women particlarlydiadvantaged. service fordiabled er alo ct or nderthreat;

• Dometic and exal violence – a

hidden ie for women 50+.

Evidence for the report came frompblihed material, recommendationdrawn from NGO and academic policypaper, and tatement from olderwomen expreed dring conltation.One of the greatet challenge habeen the lack of data diaggregated bygender and age cohort and even leby gender, age and race. Older peopletill eemed to be lmped together a ahomogeneo grop. The hman rightchallenge that older people face need tobe ndertood in their ‘particlarity’ and

will vary between the gender, acrocla and older-age cohort, by race andethnicity, diability and exality. Thepacity of data gathering and/or analyimean that the evidence i not a tronga it might be. Thi i why the voice fromfoc grop are o important.

The shadow report will be sent to the CEDAW Committee at the UN in the summer. Any NGO interested in signing on to the report should contact Elizabeth Sclater at [email protected] . The issues paper and shorter

shadow report will be available in Autumn 2012 on the website of the Older Women’s Network, Europe www.own-europe.org.

FEATURE




Moreover, the report oberved that,althogh maintream ervice wereonly jt “crambling” into action,mch of the rnning in pplyingervice wa already being madeby ethnic minority volntaryorganiation.

The report wa part of a larger initiativeinvolving reearch and advocacyacro Erope which led, amongother thing, to the etablihmentof the Policy Reearch Intitte in

Ageing and Ethnicity (PRIAE) in 1998;and, in 2004 among other initiativeled by PRIAE, working with partnerin 10 Eropean contrie, ied aerie of report from a large-caleproject (‘Minority Elderly Health andsocial Care in Erope’; MEC). see forintance, PRIAE Reearch Brieng,Minority Elderly Health and socialCare in Erope, lanched at theEropean Parliament, 9 December2004.

Baed on eldwork encompaingover 3000 minority elder, 900 healthand ocial care profeional and300 volntary organiation, the MECreearch wa in a poition to make

“Acro Erope, there area rapidly growing nmberof older people from ethnicminoritie…. Mot of themwill not, according to orexpectation, retrn to theircontry of origin. They willtay in Erope and growold here, together with theirchildren. Their nmber areincreaing both in abolte

and relative term.”

With thee word, in it rt chapter, areport edited by myelf and KahikaAmin, pblihed by the RnnymedeTrt in 1997, entitled Growing OldFar From Home, kicked o a procebringing the predicament of ethnicelder to the fore. (The report wabaed on a conference organiedby Naina Patel, then of CCETsW,and Harry Merten of NIZW a partof the Eropean Network on Ageingand Ethnicity). In addition to raiingawarene in general, the report

reminded policy maker that mchneeded to be done in the direct careand welfare ervice; and it called foredcation and training to bild thecapacity to meet their need.

robt recommendation to policymaker, ervice provider, advocacygrop and reearch organiation.

Depite early reitance (commentlike “nmber are not high” and “‘they’look after their own”) and indierence(“here we go again”), PRIAE’initiative played a ignicant role inetablihing an area with concrete,tangible gain for the qality of lifefor black and minority ethnic (BME)elder.

Among thee gain and developmentover the lat two decade were:

Poliy developments

For intance:

• Knowledge and kill capacitydevelopment to frther policyinence by elder, for intancethrogh the Minority Ethnic ElderPolicy Network (2010);

• Directly involved BME elder inframing policy recommendation,a in the cae of work onlong term care for the RoyalCommiion on Long Term Carefor the Elderly . (see Patel, N.,‘Black and Minority Ethnic Elder’Perpective on Long Term Care’1999, Royal Commiion on LongTerm Care for the Elderly HMsO).

• Overall, direct engagement byelder with policy maker in the

uK (and acro Erope) i nowfar-ranging in area ch apenion, health care, mentalhealth or dementia, hoing

growin Old Far From home:Miration, Aein and Etniity

in EuropeA Retrospective and Looking Forward

Naina Patel ObE, Fonder and Exective Director of PRIAE, lookback to the pblication of a report in 1997 that conidered the poitionof BME older people in Erope – and aee what ha changed inthe ening year.

RETROSPEcTIvE

Researh on aein showsthat as we ae our needseome more ulturally

pronouned, not less




BME reqirement will contine to beneeded. Having aid thi, thi tack ientirely in keeping with crrent policyreform aimed at the ‘peronaliation’

of ervice.

Pathy uptake (e.g. in omecontrie compared to other) –the MEC reearch reinforced animportant policy: that in all contrie,inclding or own, care profeionalrecognied that BME elder havepecic need which are growingbt are often inciently cateredfor. BME age organiation are animportant element of providing thatcritical care. unfortnately, policy

maker till do not pay cient heedto them a key reorce for pplyingtailored ervice to BME elder. In anage of aterity, inclination againte of BME organiation by policymaker may be reinforced – bt thitendency mt be revered.

In the lat decade and a half ince theRnnymede Trt Growing Old FarFrom Home report wa pblihed, theBME elder poplation ha increaedrapidly and will contine to grow

in thi and cceeding decade.Many in thi poplation grop arefaced with relatively higher level ofill health, poorer penion, and otherage-related need. However, theervice that cold pport them andimprove their qality of life in old ageare nder threat.

There i, therefore, an rgentand imperative need to reinforce,reinvigorate and tain ervice thattook ignicant eort (and acrice)

to etablih. Frther, it i importantto e the knowledge, reorceand trctre generated by PRIAEand many other to eectively meetthe riing demand for peronaliedervice that are cltrally reponive,inclding developing new erviceand infratrctre. To not do thi rikthe danger of reinforcing a view thatBME elder are a grop apart - andnot worthy of the dignity and repectde to all elder.

©

P R I A E - w o r k

i n g

t o g

e t h e r w

i t h B M E e

l d e r s

i n a c

t i v e a g e

i n g

option, elder protection, andemployment and retirement.

Researh

From the MEC reearch cited aboveto minority elder-centred workbrgeoned by many reearcher andintittion in area ch a palliativecare, hopital care, dementia andmental health, hoing, mltipledicrimination, active ageing andminority employee’ contribtion tobine performance. Reearchby PRIAE on minority ethnicindividal’ contribtion to malland medim ized enterprie waendored by the CBI and reported

in the FT (‘Benet of Ethnic DiverityDobted’, 27 Feb 2007).

Mainstreamin BME elder’ ie hold not befoced on the ‘minority’ iealone. Their identity a elder i aloparamont, leading to collaborationbetween organiation with longerhitorie of work in ageing (and betterreorcing to implement reearch

relt and pport local BME ageorganiation fairly).

capaity Minority Age Organiation havemade BME elder ‘viible’ and arecritical in meeting baic need

throgh their elf help care. Yettheir reorcing i precario,leading to initiative to increae theirdirect engagement with fnder

and policymaker (thi i frtherdeveloped in PRIAE’ forthcomingReview 14+). Thi ha led topeedier repone by the latter. Theabove aid, and althogh good workcontine to be done, developmenteem to have plateaed.

Among the reaon for thi itationare:

Resourin in an age of apparentaterity, a well a political trend.

BME age volntary organiationare particlarly highly dependenton local athority fnding and,with the ctback many chorganiation are nder threat orhave already diappeared. TheBig society agenda and reorceare not targeted at mall pecialitorganiation like BME elder; andlarge well-reorced national ageorganiation have failed to take pthe lack. It i eential that theyrepond throgh ‘active pport’ of

BME organiation and initiative inan area that i contining to grow incale and need.

Work y mainstream andwell-estalished third setororanisations on BME ie iad hoc or ‘project’ baed, ratherthan integrated trategically into theorganiational plan and implementedfrom deign throgh developmentto delivery. Thi apect ha to beaddreed, epecially becae ome

organiation have cynically takenadvantage of BME ie to gatherfrther reorcing. It i time for themto deliver, rather than mitakenlyaming that the “job i done”, andhence it i poible to crtail fndingto BME organiation. A longtandingview perit that after thi generationBME elder will be well integratedinto ociety and not need pecicervice. While maintreaming ofome apect i, or will ndobtedlybe, the cae, reearch on ageing

generally how that a we age orneed and preference become moreprononced in term of cltre oridentity, not le. service tailored to

RETROSPEcTIvE




The uK’ ageing poplation i changing the labor market. Omar Kan arge there ha been inadeqate conideration of the implication ofthe ageing phenomena and it coneqence for BME older people.

Older Workers in Modern Times:Te Aein of te UK Laour

Market and its consequenes

IntrodutionThe ageing of the black and minorityethnic poplation i taking placealongide a imilar and more widelydiced ageing of the uK poplationgenerally. In thi eay we conider key

demographic conideration (epeciallygender) on ageing in the uK, labormarket experience, a well a omeevidence of age dicrimination. Thicontext i ignicant in itelf, bt i alorelevant for the likely experience of theyonger cohort of BME people a theyage in the ftre.

The uK ha an ageing poplation; theaverage age ha increaed from 37.3in 1999 to 39.5 in 2009 and i projectedto rie to 42 by 2034. The ‘oldet old’, orthoe over 85, ha increaed the fatet,more than dobling over the pat 25

year, and i et to rie to perhap amany a 3.5 million (5% of the poplation)by 2034 (ONs data). Althogh men aretarting to cloe the gap omewhat,women live longer than men and aretherefore a greater proportion of the olderpoplation, particlarly the ‘oldet old’:the ratio of male-to-female rie fromthe age of 70 from arond 1.1 female forevery male to 2.1 female for every maleby age 89.

Laour MarketPerhap not rpriingly, givenincreaing life expectancy, people arealo now working later. While the crrenttate penion age i 60 for women and65 for men, thi i de to eqalie at 65

by 2020. By 2026 the retirement agewill rie to 66, to 67 by 2036 and to 68by 2046. Thee age were legilatedby the previo government, and thecrrent government ha ggetedthat the penion age may rie fater.

Employment rate for men peak intheir 30 (almot toching 90%),then decline omewhat to age 50-54(arond 84%), after which they decline

more harply, ch that only arond20% of men between 65 and 69, and5% of men over 70 are in employment(ee Figre 1).

Employment rate vary a bit dierentlyfor women over their lifetime. Femaleemployment rate peak arond 45-49(almot 80%), thogh increaing

only omewhat from age 25-29. Femaleemployment rate decline harply afterage 55, with only 30% of women aged60-64 in paid work, and only arond 10%of thoe between 65 and 70 in work. Aecond ignicant featre of female

employment i the high rate (almot 50%)of part time work. Thi i more commonfor women than for men at any age, andnlike men, the relative hare of part-timework actally increae a women growolder.

Men are conitently more likely to beelf-employed, with almot one in ve menin their 40 being elf-employed. A menget older, a greater proportion of thoe in

work are elf-employed: wherea 56% of20-24 year old are employed fll-time,and only 5% elf-employed, 33% of 60-64year old are fll time employee, and17% are elf-employed. For the over-70poplation in work, it appear that themajority are elf-employed.

For women, elf-employment i lecommon, peaking at only 7% for thoebetween 45 and 54. A with men, thereare more elf-employed women among

the over 60 poplation in paid work,althogh the nmber are mch mallerin total and proportionally.

There are a few explanation for theincreae in inactivity in the labor marketa people age. Firt i that people aremore likely to experience diabilitie athey get older. second i that peopleare more likely to be carer or look afterfamily member, a phenomenon that iparticlar common among women: 18%of women in their 30 are inactive andlooking after family, compared to 1% ofmen in their 30. The nal explanation

for inactivity i retirement, which beginlowly arond age 50 (when only 1% areretired), riing to 50% of women aged60-64, and 67% for men aged 65-69.Figre 1. Male employment, nemployment and inactivity rate

FEATURE

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

1 6 - 1 9

2 0 - 2 4

2 5 - 2 9

3 0 - 3 4

3 5 - 3 9

4 0 - 4 4

4 5 - 4 9

5 0 - 5 4

5 5 - 5 9

6 0 - 6 4

6 5 - 6 9

7 0 +

Inactive, other reason, no

reason given

Inactive, retired

Inactive, disabled/long-term

sick

Inactive, looking af ter

family, home

Inactive, student

ILO unemployed

Self-employed

Employed PT

Employed FT

Te ast majority (94%) of britispeople eliee tat employers refusetem a jo eause tey are oer 50




Treatment in te WorkplaeThe vat majority (94%) of Britih peoplebelieve that employer refe a jobto people becae they are over 50.Acro all age, nearly 60% believethi happen ‘a lot’, with abot a thirdbelieving it happen ‘ometime’. Atthe ame time, people clearly think it’wrong to refe people a job becaethey are over 50. Only 3.5% think thii alway or ally right, while 80%think it i ally or alway wrong (http:// www.cipd.co.k/Booktore/_cataloge/ DiverityAndEqality/9781843982401.

htm).

When aked which characteritic theytypically aociate with worker betweenthe age of 50 and 65, repondent toa 2002 rvey mot commonly citedpreconception – armed by one inthree repondent – wa that theyare reitant to change. Arond threein 10 (29%) felt that older workerlack technological kill (http://www.ipo-mori.com/reearchpblication/ r e e a r c h a r c h i v e / 9 5 3 / Age-Dicrimination-At-Work.apx).

Multiple DisriminationAll grop of diadvantaged worker ndthat their experience of dicriminationintenify when they are identied a‘older’ worker. A rvey condcted in alarge National Health Trt fond that, forolder women in work, dicrimination onthe grond of age wa bond p withgender, race and cla dicriminationand the repondent often fond itdiclt to iolate the pecic eectof their age (ee article by s. Moore inIndtrial Law Jornal 36(3), 2007).

Thi gget that withot challengeto peritent occpational and ectoralegregation the uK Government’ goalof extended labor market participationi nlikely to be progreive for ethnicminoritie or women. There i alreadyevidence that older ethnic minoritypeople are doing wore than older peopleoverall. Penioner poverty now tandat 18%, riing to 30% for older BlackCaribbean and 49% for Bangladehi/ Pakitani.

A otlined in Nat Lieveley’ eay onpage 6-7 of the Blletin, thee data

will become even more ignicant inftre. In the 2001 Cen, there wereonly 230,000 black and minority ethnicpeople over the age of 65, bt thi i

de to increae to 2.7 million by 2051(The Ftre Ageing of the Ethnic MinorityPoplation of England and Wale byLieveley, pblihed by Rnnymede/CPAin 2010). Thi will have ignicant eecton planning, ocial care and i likely tobe accompanied by the frther diperalof BME people: that i, ethic minoritypeople are becoming le ‘egregated’every year and moving to more andmore divere part of Britain. In thicontext, it’ worth noting that relativelyfewer older people generally live in rban

area, epecially London. The area withthe larget nmber of people over thepenion age are Wale, Cornwall, andcoatal area (ONs date. Cen 2001.

While not all diabled people are older,a people grow older they are morelikely to experience a long-term illneor diability. Thi aect their acce tothe labor market, while the proportionof people whoe daily activitie areretricted alo increae with age. Lethan 5% of people nder 15 have along-term limiting illne, riing to 10%for people aged 30-44, 20% for thoe

aged 45-59, and to nearly 60% for thoeover 75.

According to the ONs:Health of older people also varies by ethnicity. Of people aged 50-64, 27 per cent reported a LLTI. However this rose to 54 per cent among Bangladeshis and 49 per cent among Pakistanis, compared with just 20 per cent of Chinese origin (General Hoehold srvey, ONs data,Cen 2001)

Analysis and conlusionsThe ageing of the uK poplation willobvioly change ftre labor marketparticipation, retirement rate, and

argably immigration. If worker areexpected to work longer, they willprobably need retraining. Not everyonecan contine in their job in their 60 or

70, mch le their 80. Thee workerwill need dierent work practice andinvetment in hman capital. In generalthere ha been inadeqate planning forthe coneqence of thee change inlabor market participation.

The notion that age dicrimination exiti perhap not qite a widepread arace dicrimination, althogh there habeen ome recent foc on the treatmentof older people by the health ervice.A recent report by the Health service

Ombdman revealed poor treatmentthat failed to how compaion or repectolder people. The report drew widepreadcoverage in the media, and profeionalorganization have accepted that theyneed to change their practice in theftre (http://www.ombdman.org.k/ care-and-compaion/home).

social care intittion alo contineto nd it diclt to meet the individalneed of older people (The Commiionfor social Care Inpection, The State of Social Care in England, 2007-2008,pblihed in 2009), and thi problem

may become wore a the need andpreference of older people diverify inftre.

Black and minority ethnic people arelikely to experience thee generalconcern aecting older people a theyage. Given their already neqal tartingpoint, epecially in term of labormarket diadvantage and health, BMEolder people may feel the eect of agedicrimination even more harply. unlepolicymaker repond today to theeineqalitie, ethnic diadvantage i likelyto be componded in old age. And in any

cae, age dicrimination impact on allolder people in the uK, leading to manyolder people feeling not flly valed aeqal participant in Britih ociety.A explained in Mawhinney’ eay onpage 10 of thi Blletin, Rnnymedeha recently convened a deliberativeaembly partly with the aim ofinclding older BME voice in uK policydicion, bt mch more need tobe done to enre that older people feelrepected a eqal partner, not leat forthe health of or democracy.

FEATURE

Tere is alreadyeidene tat olderetni minoritypeople are doinworse tan olderpeople oerall

Te aein of te UK population will oiously anefuture laour market partiipation, retirement rates,and arualy immiration. Tere as een inadequateplannin for te onsequenes of tese anes




In Atmn 2011 Rnnymede trned it

foc on to race eqality in Mancheter

and Croydon a part of the econd phae

of it ambitio Generation 3.0 project,

which aim to end racim in a generation.

A part of the project, Rnnymede took

over empty hop in both location

and temporarily converted them into

dicion hb for people to hare their

view on how to end racim.

Thee o called ‘pop-p hop’ were

deigned to be engaging and inviting

pace for people to talk abot racim

- an often tricky converation topic. Thehop hoted pre-organied dicion

event and lm creening, and were

alo drop-in pace for paer-by to

enter for a chat and to write their view on

interactive wall area.

Or Mancheter ‘pop-p hop’ wa

located in an old Vodafone hop in

Mancheter Piccadilly station between

7– 10 October, whilt in Croydon or

hop wa located jt o the high treet

between 3–7 November. Almot 600

people viited thee dicion hb

dring the opening period.

Two hort lm were alo made a part

of the project. The rt, a ctional lm,

wa lmed and et in Mancheter, whilt

the econd wa a docmentary entitled‘I Croydon Racit?’ Bringing older and

yonger people together to dic way

to tackle racim wa a key element of

the Generation 3.0 initiative, which wa

originally lanched in Birmingham a year

ago. The name ‘Generation 3.0’ i itelf a

reference to how three generation have

now paed ince the major pot-war

migration of the 1940 and 1950.

Older and yonger people of dierent

ethnic grop have mch to learn from

each other, yet rarely interact. Many older

people fear the yong, and many yonger

people feel that older generation are ‘ot

of toch’ with the realitie of their live.

A prodctive dicion between older

and yonger people took place in orMancheter phae of the Generation 3.0

project, where we held a dicion event

between the sheng Lok Older People’

FEATURE

generation 3.0: Endinraism in a enerationRnnymede’ ambitio project to end racim aw a ccefl trnotto the lanch of it pop-p hop in Atmn 2011. viki butler, PblicAair Manager at Rnnymede, report on the range of event whichtook place in Mancheter and Croydon.

P h o

t o :

H a y

d n

R y

d i n g s




FEATURE

attitde toward racim and

race eqality. Three workhop

in the hop with ppil from

Davidon Primary school were

facilitated by former Charlton

footballer Pal Mortimer and

foced on tackling amption

abot dierent ethnic grop,a well a on explaining racim

and it impact.

A lanch event for the

Generation 3.0 docmentary ‘I

Croydon Racit’ alo took place,

followed by a lively debate and panel

dicion featring local MP Gavin

Barwell and other.

In addition to pre-organied event, many

paer-by of all age dropped into the

pop-p hop to hare their view onhow to end racim, and alo to hare

experience of dicrimination that they

or their friend have faced. Interetingly,

in Mancheter converation motly

foced on individal experience of

racim, whilt in Croydon thoe viiting

the hop were more likely to expre

concern abot intittional racim.

In addition to Gavin Barwell, a nmber

of political gre viited the pop-hop

dring their opening period. Thee

Lncheon Clb and a grop of tdent

from stretford Grammar school. The

dicion, which wa partly facilitated

by tranlator, provided an opportnity

for a grop of non-Englih peaking

Chinee older people to talk abot their

own experience of racim, and for them

to hear abot the experience of yongerpeople from a range of dierent ethnic

grop.

The diering attitde of older and

yonger people toward racim became

particlarly clear in the cloing event

for or Mancheter pop-p hop.

For example, the older race eqality

campaigner attending were, broadly

peaking, more foced on trctral

explanation of race ineqalitie, which

the yonger attendee fond diclt to

ndertand and relate to. some (bt notall) of the yonger people attending were

rpried at the older attendee’ view

that racim i till prevalent, and ome

of them qetioned thi. All of the yong

people attending, however, expreed

concern that many people have negative

perception of teenager and yong

adlt, particlarly ince the mmer

2011 riot.

At or Croydon pop-p hop many

event taking place foced on children’

inclded the Race Eqality Miniter

Andrew stnell (ee above photo, with

Rob Berkeley, Director of Rnnymede,

and Vicki Btler), shadow Eqalitie

Miniter Kate Green and former Croydon

MP Andrew Pelling.

A teaching reorce inpired byGeneration 3.0 will be pblihed hortly,

which will be available to download

for free on the project webite: http:// www.rnnymedetrt.org/project-and-pblication/project/generation-3-0.html/ . Yo can alo watch both Generation

3.0 lm on the ite.

A third phae of Generation 3.0 will

begin in March 2012. Contact [email protected] for more detail.

P h o

t o :

R i a

t A h m e

d a n

d R u n n y m e

d e

T r u s

t

P h o

t o : H a y

d n

R y

d i n g s




in Lewiham and sothwark. semi-trctred interview were condctedwith 48 older people from divere ethnicgrop and 9 commnity volntaryorganiation that provided ervice tothee grop.

Thi reearch highlighted that incomepoverty and the relting limitedmobility i a main ie aecting many

BME older people living in theeborogh. It tranpired that manyeconomically diadvantaged BME olderpeople have tayed behind in inner-city neighborhood whilt the morepropero BME older people migratedotward to aent oter-Londonbrb and rronding area whichincreaed the iolation experienced byBME older people.

Poverty and iolation are inextricablylinked to poor phyical and mental health,with BME older people in Lewiham andsothwark ering diproportionately

from medical condition, ch adepreion, diabete, kidney diorder,hypertenion, troke and renal failre.Althogh the reearch recognie thatprogre ha been made in erviceproviion for BME older people acrothe borogh – inclding a diverearray of cltrally appropriate erviceat neighborhood level – the morecomplex concern BME older peopleare facing are till not being adeqatelyaddreed by profeional ervice.

An etni diide in epetationsof are series?

BME older people feel that there arecrcial dierence in the way that theyacceed care ervice comparedto their white-Britih conterpart,principally that white-Britih older peopledraw on more maintream ervice cha local athority tattory agencie atheir primary care ervice provider, andtrn to graroot volntary organiationwithin their local commnity a theirecondary orce of care proviion.For BME older people, it i the otherway rond. The primacy given by BMEolder people to volntary care providedby graroot organiation mt be

ndertood within the wider contextof ocial exclion, racial ineqality,and incidence of racial dicriminationexperienced by BME commnitie.

IntrodutionReearch gget that the nmberof BME older people over 65 year oldwill ignicantly increae a growingnmber of BME migrant, whoarrived in Britain pot-war (ee p.6of thi Blletin). The Acce for BMEElder Project etablihe a workingpartnerhip between London soth Bankuniverity and Age Concern Lewihamand sothwark (ACLs). Over a three

year period (2011–2014) the project willqalitatively invetigate the type andnatre of tattory and volntary careervice acceed by BME older peopleover 65 living in Lewiham and sothwark,two of London’ mot ethnically divereborogh. The main aim of the projecti to improve the phyical and mentalwell-being of BME older people in theeborogh by increaing their acce tomaintream ervice. Throgh the e ofperon-centred planning, a key projectotcome i to provide BME older peoplewith the kill, condence and a et oftool that will encorage them to make

choice abot their care need withprofeional agencie rather than theechoice being made for them.

Peron-centred planning repreent partof the wider peronaliation agenda inhealthcare and ocial reform wherebygreater ‘choice’ i given to patientat a local and micro level in order toincentivie competitive market (eeNeedham, 2007). A peronaliationbecome increaingly central to ocialcare reform (Needham, 2009), it iimportant to interpret the way in whicha peronaliation narrative i being

interpreted and practied acro ociallyand cltrally divere commnitie.Or ndertanding of peron-centredplanning emphaie the importance ofgiving a voice to older people regardingthe niqe challenge they face growingold in Britain and a member of minorityethnic commnitie. Peron-centredplanning alo create opportnitie forthem to etablih a dialoge with careprofeional abot the importance ofmemory, and alo the ocial and cltralcontext of ageing on haping theirexperience of acceing care ervice.

An assessment of needsPrior to the project’ lanch, a needaement exercie wa ndertaken ofBME elderly care and ervice proviion

Desirin valueA common theme hared by the BMEolder people i that they want to feelvaled a important member of ociety.They want recognition by adlt ofworking age and yong people that therei mch to learn from older people andthat they till have mch to contribte toociety. At a borogh-wide level therehave been ome attempt to developlocal commnity intergenerational

project where BME older people canwork with yong people. For example,Tavitock school worked with ACLsto bring together older people andchool children acro ethnic gropin Lewiham to explore the hitory ofthe chool. However, there i a enethat ch project are few and farbetween, appearing a ‘tokenitic’ (e.g.dring Black Hitory Month) rather thanoccrring a reglar event.

Neletin spiritual are andwell-einThere i a general feeling among the

BME older people interviewed thatincreaingly there exit a diconnectionbetween faith/pirital well-being andcare proviion by profeional agencie,and whilt they recognie that theirphyical health and well-being i beingcatered for by profeional ervice,their pirital health, in contrat, i beinglargely neglected. Yet pirital well-beingi an ie aming greater prevalencein the live of BME older people a theytart to plan for the end of life.

cuts to are seriesThere i little dobt that the crrent

period of aterity in Britain haignicant implication for BME olderpeople’ acce to commnity ervice.Many of thee organiation dependedon local athority fnding which i nowndergoing heavy ct, relting in thedratic redction or complete terminationof their ervice. Of core the fndingcrii ha alo impacted on maintreamtattory agencie. However, it wa feltby BME commnity ervice provider thatmaintream organiation had greateropportnitie to acce additionalfnding tream which were not availableto them. Thi in itelf create ineqality ofacce to care ervice between white-Britih and BME older people.

Aess for bME Older People inMulti-Etni britainRecent interview with BME older people reveal a perceived ineqality

in the proviion of ocial care in Lewiham. Traey Reynolds of theLsBu write of the project being condcted to improve the itation.

FEATURE




Do you tink you will want to return to teountry you were orn in wen you retire?vOx

POP

Anonymous 1

Moroccan Wihing to stay inthe uK

I wold like, after retirement, to

tay in uK becae of the good

qality of the weather, family p-

port and mot importantly the

feeling of ocial inclion. some

of the reaon why I don’t want to

pend my retirement in Morocco

are becae of nancial ita-

tion and cltral practice there.

I alo prefer the political ytem

and green pace here in the uK.

On the negative ide, ome of the

challenge that I am facing a

a Moroccan in uK are the qal-

ity of children’ edcation which

i qite patchy, and the horriblething which ha become more

apparent recently, Ilamophobia.

sometime it can be hard living

where they i a lot of dicrimina-

tion toward yo jt becae of

how yo look bt I prefer life in

the uK to moving back to a place

like Morocco where yo feel very

retrained and earning money i

very diclt.

Anonymous 2

Thinking abot Retrning ToMorocco

I wold denitely like to retrn

to Morocco – even before

reaching retirement age. A mot

Moroccan expat will conrm,

many left Morocco in earch

of economic properity andintended to retrn once their

nancial itation improved. Thi

i nlike many other contrie,

whoe citizen ee their contry

of origin for reaon ch a

civil war or terrorim. The chief

reaon that I want to retrn i the

deire to live in a contry where I

feel I trly belong, where my heart

i, a contry that i piritally and

emotionally enriching. Going

home, yo immediately notice

a remarkable dierence in yor

well-being, yo leep better,yo feel better, yor appetite i

ddenly opened p. It i tre

that life in the uK i far more

organied, with nparalleled

infratrctre and ecient pblic

ervice, bt at the ame time it

lack the very eence of pirital

and emotional well-being.

The one hrdle I face in going

back i enring my nancial

independence, and I conider

myelf lcky that thi i my only

problem. I think yo have to

bear in mind that retrning home

come a a package, yo take

the bet of it, and deal with the

leat deirable apect.

Patrik WeekesRetired Civil servant

Born in Nevi, Caribbean

I’d alway planned to retire in

the Caribbean, I had my plot of

land, had two et of plan for

the hoe I wa going to bild,

bt ltimately I’ve tayed here

in the uK becae of my wife,

my kid and my grandchildren.

I’ve never wanted to tay in

England all of my life, a initiallyit wa diclt here – I didn’t

like the weather and the people

ometime, and I wa hell bent

on going back. I wanted a more

relaxed kind of life, plenty of

freh frit and h and where it

wa le trefl. Bt my wife

doen’t want to leave.

A lot of people I know have

tayed here becae of the

health ervice – I know for

example people who have

gone home who keep coming

back becae of that. People

who tay ay they have worked

here, made their national

health contribtion o they

are entitled to the pport –

the health facilitie here are

better. Back home they can be

more expenive – I know family

member who had to go to the

u.s. for treatment rather than

receive it in the Caribbean. I’m

aware of the penion ie and

know that Jamaica for example

ha a reciprocal relationhip

with the uK, and Nevi doen’t,

bt that woldn’t top me from

going back.

Sylia Weekes

Retired Civil servant

Born in Nevi, Caribbean

I didn’t want to retire in the

Caribbean – to go back wold

feel like tarting all over again.

All the people I ed to know, I

don’t know anymore. They’re

either dead or they’ve moved

on. All the kid I ed to teach

I woldn’t know them now if I

aw them. I wold need to make

new neighbor, new friend.

I alo nd the weather too hot

back in the Caribbean, too

ncomfortable. It wold take me

year to get acclimatied again!

Althogh I wa born there, I wold

feel too iolated if I retrned. Yo

need to pt trt in people to take

yo to the hop wherea here

all the hop and amenitie are

within walking ditance.

How wold I ee my grand-

children when they’re o far

away? I want to watch them grow,

not wait ntil they can come andee me for a holiday.

If I had a hoe there, I wold go

for vacation, bt the uK wold be

my bae. For other people I know,

having property in the Caribbean

ha been a lot of bother, a there

have been many break-in.

I don’t ndertand people who

retire elewhere, in the contry

for example, when mot of them

end p o lonely and iolated.

I’ve lived in thi contry for longer

than I’ve lived in my homeland.It’ more of a home to me. All of

my friend are here. Lat time I

went home I felt like a foreigner!

P h o t o

: F l i c k r / D a v e

_ B

_

P h o

t o :

D e

t a i l f r o m

I m a g e

t h i r s t p

h o

t o

P h o

t o :

D e

t a i l f r o m

I m a g e

t h i r s t p h

o t o

P h o

t o :

F l i c k r / J i m

B a

h n




Asset-uildin:Wy it is important for etni

minorities

FEATURE

Rnnymede’ Head of Policy Reearch, Omar Kan, explain why aet-bilding io eential for BME people, not only for garanteeing tability in the ftre, bt alofor improving their ene of citizenhip and ocial coheion.

Te Importane of AssetsRnnymede ha recently begn aprogramme on aet-bilding andethnicity in Erope, which aim to

raie awarene of aet-bildingamong anti-racit and migrantorganiation in Erope. It alo eekto collaborate with other working toincreae aving and aet moregenerally.

What are aet-bilding policie?And why are they important for ethnicminoritie in Erope? By way ofanwering thee qetion, we mtrt ndertand aving and aetgenerally, and their ditribtion inEropean contrie.

For a long a hman ocietie haveexited they have oght way ofacconting for the rik and hazardthat might come their way – a badharvet, ood or dden death of aloved one. Mot cltre praie thegood rler and wie merchantwho pt aide a proportion of grainin year of plenty for the year offamine where there wan’t enogh togo arond.

Whatever the technical andeconomical advance of thecentrie, aving and aet providemch the ame prpoe today:they enable people to have enoghincome following an nexpectedmifortne, or indeed for when theyretire. In a hoehold, aving areoften ed to oer opportnitie forchildren or other family member,or to bild p a depoit for owninga home.

Inequalities of SainYet throghot the world aving andaet are far more nevenly heldthan income. In the uK, for example,

half of ociety ha only 7% of allaet, wherea the top 1% holdroghly 20% (ee Why Do Assets Matter? Asset Equality and Ethnicity:Building Towards Financial Inclusion by Omar Khan, Rnnymede Trt).

There are everal reaon for thegreater ineqality in aving, btan important one i the ‘compond’natre of aving. Pt imply,the more money yo pt away inaving, the more it grow everyyear, and tax policie often inatethee ineqalitie frther by oeringincentive for high-income aver.

Converely, it i very diclt forlow-income people to ave largeamont, and to bild p ignicantaet. In the uK, for example, amajority of Pakitani and Bangladehipeople in work live below the povertyline, meaning that any aving arelikely to aect their ability to meetbaic need.

barriers to Asset-buildin forbME PeopleGiven the experience of migrationand contining evidence of ineqalityin the labor market, ethnic minoritiein Erope are alo likely to experiencelow level of aving. In term of the

labor market, foreign-born workerthroghot Erope are more likely towork in low paid job withot acceto employee benet (or ‘ocial

protection’), and o are even morein need of aving whilt their incomemake that aving more diclt.Frthermore, employer often fail to

recognie foreign qalication, andame that people’ langage killare inferior, while worker themelveoften don’t have acce to localocial network that open p betterjob propect.

Policy maker can do mch moreto repond to thee ineqalitie inaet-holding, for migrant, ethnicminoritie, and low-income peoplemore generally. For example, motEropean contrie oer ignicanttax break for aving and aet-bilding, bt the vat majority ofthee tax break benet the wealthy.Intead, minitrie of nance holdbetter ditribte thee benet for allpart of the poplation.

There i alo ome evidence thatmatched cheme can increaepeople’ aving rate. Even very lowincome people can and do ave, btthey may mitrt or not ndertandmaintream nancial intittion andprodct. From previo reearch

(see Saving Beyond the High Street:A Prole of Saving Patterns among Black and Minority Ethnic People byOmar Khan), Rnnymede ha fondthat ethnic minoritie and migrantmay particlarly ditrt maintreamnancial intittion.

Given the evidence of loweremployment rate, lower wage andgreater nancial exclion, it i hardlyrpriing that acro Erope ethnicminoritie have le wealth thanwhite Eropean. Thi ha a nmberof cae, bt it alo ha a variety ofconeqence. Withot aving orwealth, people have to take the rt

People woae sainsare more likelyto tink in telon-term




Most European ountries offer siniantta reaks for sain and asset-uildin, utte ast majority of tese ta reaks enette wealty

job on oer, cannot pre edcationand training opportnitie forthemelve and aren’t able to oertheir children opportnitie a well..how Asset-buildin Would helpBilding p people’ avingwold obvioly repond to theeineqalitie. Thi wold providebetter opportnitie for lower-income

people and their children. It may thenincreae people’ choice and allowthem to act on their tre preferencerather than alway ettling for optionthey don’t really vale. In additionto widening acce to job andother opportnitie, and enhancingpeople’ freedom, policie toincreae aet-holding may haveother benet.

Among the mot commonly voicedbenet of greater aet-holding arevario behavioral eect. Peoplewho have aving are more likely tothink in the long-term, and even amall amont of aving may changepeople’ mindet. Perhap moreoptimitically, thoe who ave andbild p aet may be more likelyto tart p binee or otherwieengage in economic activity. In

the uK at leat, it i often argedthat people who own their homeare more likely to care abot theirneighborhood and that thi canhave wider poitive ocial eect.

Improin citiensipAcro Erope political thinker andpolicy maker have alo emphaiedhow aet can contribte to more

meaningfl citizenhip. The ideathat government hold providebaic economic need to citizen iin fact a very old one, probably rtdefended by the spanih JohanneLdovic Vive (1492–1540) in the1520, and alo in Thoma More’(1478–1535) Utopia. Following theFrench Revoltion, two of the period’greatet political thinker, theMarqi de Condorcet and ThomaPaine, independently propoed a‘baic endowment’ for every citizen.

Thee idea have ince beendeveloped throghot Erope andthe ret of the world, and morerecently the foc ha been onproviding a citizen’ income orendowment a a way of armingeqal citizenhip. The contemporaryFrench philoopher Jean-Marc Ferry

ha arged explicitlythat ch an incomehold be viewed aa right of Eropeancitizenhip, not leat

where job ecrity andocial protection arencertain.

Even if thee ambitionare nlikely to berealied oon, it’important to thinkabot how we canbetter improve politicalparticipation and ocialcoheion in Erope.If every citizen orreident were providedwith an eqal takein or ocietie, theywold then be more

likely to engage in pblic debateabot how bet to e thoe take,and alo to feel eqally inclded inor ocietie.

In the context of increaing ethnicdiverity, thi point i perhap evenmore important. Debate on thi ieoften foce olely on ‘integration’,which itelf i often too narrowly

foced either on cltral ymbolor on labor market participation.By providing migrant with an eqaltake, Eropean governmentcold demontrate that theygeninely believe that we are eqalparticipant and that or contribtionto democratic intittion i valed.

conlusionNot all of thee benet can bedelivered by aet-bilding policie.Encoraging people to bild p amall level of aving cold argablybe delivered imply – if governmentwold better ditribte the tax reliefof aving to lower-income people,ay throgh a matched avingaccont. To provide collective aetto everyone wold obvioly reqiregreater political will and nancialpport, bt ch idea have beenon the agenda in mot Eropeancontrie in the pat.

If readers would like to nd out more about these ideas – or propose

their own ways of increasing asset- holding among ethnic minorities and migrants in Europe – we invite them to

join the debate on ASSETnet at http:// www.runnymedetrust.org/projects- and-publications/projects/financial- inclusion/assetnet.html.

Both the reports mentioned in this article can be downloaded free of charge from the Runnymede Trust website .

FEATURE

batley Asian Elder Men's group

P h o t o :

© P

R I A E - w o r k

i n g

t o g e

t h e r w

i t h B M E e

l d e r s

i n a c t i v e a g e

i n g




Or reearch howed that

what BME carer want i

eqal acce to ervice

and pport bt there are

certain diadvantage that will

compond their experience.

BME carer alo want a fair

chance to acce ervice that

are appropriate for them, withot

feeling dicriminated againt or,

mot importantly, jdged.

ReommendationsWith o mch ytemic reform

there i an rgent need to

enre that BME carer are

not frther marginalied.

Copled with ct to pblic

fnding locally and throgh

welfare, it i vital that there i

a re-examination of the waythat ervice are commiioned,

policie created and ervice delivered.

Nationally, the Government need to

atify itelf that race eqality ha been

ciently maintreamed and that BME

carer are not going to be increaingly

marginalied.

There i a imilar role for local

government. For example, ervice need

to be where people are and mt work to

bild on trong and poitive network, for

example, faith-, commnity-, or langage-

baed grop.

conlusionCarer’ need are niveral bt ervice

need to be tailored for BME carer.

Working in collaboration with local

commnity organiation to provide

cltrally competent ervice throgh

focing on face-to-face information

ervice and a ond ndertanding

of local commnitie will improve the

experience for all.

stainable and ongoing otreach with BME

commnitie need to contine becae it

will be paramont to maintreaming race

eqality in health policie and trategie.

IntrodutionEngland’ half a million black and minority

ethnic (BME) carer ave the tate a

taggering £7.9 billion a year which

i 41% of local athority total pend

on ocial care – in tark contrat to the

invetment that i there to pport them.

Reearch by Carer uK how that BME

carer provide more care proportionately

than white Britih carer, ptting them

at greater rik of ill-health, lo of paid

employment and ocial exclion.

Certain grop alo experience greater

level of iolation, namely Pakitani and

Bangladehi carer.

some of the key challenge identied in

the reearch inclde:

• Langage and literacy barrier, which

contine to be a challenge for omeBME carer, epecially for older and

new immigrant commnitie of BME

carer;

• Cltral barrier which hinder acce

to ervice becae they can place

hge retriction on BME carer

coming forward to receive ervice,

for example, notion of dty to care

for relative;

• Lack of incorporation of BME carer’

voice, and a a relt of which,

ervice may not be commiioned

in the right way, or BME need can

be overlooked.

Frthermore, it will help identify area thattill need to be targeted.

To download a PDF version of Half a

million voices: Improving support for

BME carers, please visit:

http://www.carersuk.org/professionals/

resources/research-library/item/1958-

half-a-million-voices-improving-support-

for-bame-carers.

Daleer Kaur draw ot the key ie ariing from a new report by CareruK, Half a Million Voices . The recently releaed report call for an increae ofpport for BME carer in the uK.

bME carers alsowant a fair chance toaccess services thatare appropriate forthem, without feelingdiscriminated against

or, most importantly,judged

half a million oies:Improin support for bME arers

FEATURE

BME carers in England

• There are 503,224 BME carers in England;

• 10% of carers are from a BME background;

• Indian carers are the largest BME group (2.2% of all carers)

• Black Caribbean carers represent 0.9% of all carers),

or 44,402 carers;

• Every year, 180,000 BME people become carers.

BME carers and health

• 60,120 BME carers in England are in poor health;

• This is slightly higher (by 0.6%) than white British carers.

BME carers and employment

• The majority of BME carers are of working age;

• Nearly a quarter of a million BME carers (241,320)

juggle work and care;

• This is 9.74% of all carers in England.

carers UK Findings




KEYFACTsABOuT...

bME OLDERPEOPLE

FAcTS cOMPILED bY REbEccA WALLER

1In 2006 tere were around300,000 bME people aed65+ liin in Enland &

Wales. Tis is projeted toinrease to 2.7 million y 2051 –nearly 10 times as many in lesstan 50 years.

Runnymede/CPA Report, 2010 (The Future Ageing of the Ethnic Minority of England and Wales)

2 Only one alf of minorityetni are ome residentsfeel teir are needs are

adequately onsidered.

http://www.nursingtimes.net/

3A year ao, te statepension ae for women was60. by 2046, it will e 68

aordin to urrent leislation.

http://www.dwp.gov.uk/policy/pensions- reform/#further

4bME people are twieas likely as te oerallpopulation to ae no

sains at all, and are less likelyto own teir own omes.

ONS 2008 & Runnymede 2010

5

bME people are less likelyto ae a priate pension.

For eample, banladesi,cinese and Pakistani peopleare rouly alf as likely toae a priate pension as witebritis people.

Runnymede Report, 2008 (Financial Inclusion and Ethnicity)

6Etni minority UK itiensretirin to most ountriesoutside of Europe ould

lose up to £24,000 oer 20 yearsdue to teir UK asi state

pension not ein uprated inline wit inflation.

Runnymede Report, 2010 (The Costs of Returning Home)

7Many bME roupseperiene worse ealttan te eneral population.

Te prealene of stroke amonAfrian cariean and SoutAsian men is 70 per ent iertan te aerae.

http://www.raceforhealth.org

8All bME roups eperieneier rates of pensionerpoerty tan te rest of

te population. For instanenearly 1 in 2 banladesi andPakistani pensioners lie in

poerty ompared to 1 in 6wite pensioners.

ONS Data: http://statistics.dwp.gov.uk/asd/hbai/ hbai2010/pdf_files/full_hbai11.pdf

9Etni minority ouseoldsare more likely to inludea randparent, parent and

ild liin under te sameroof. Tis often leads to teepetation tat randparentswill take on i leels ofildare.

www.grandparentsplus.org.uk

10Older people in tetraeller ommunitysuffer partiularly

poor ealt due to poor ousinonditions and a lak of sites

wit adequate failities.

Derbyshire Gypsy Liaison Group 2009

bME people are twie as likely aste oerall population to ae nosains at all

P h o

t o : J F l i c k r / R o

b e r t o

T r m




Mark R. Warren ha attempted to anwera qetion which many within themovement for racial eqality have oftengrappled with − how do white activitcome to embrace racial jtice?

Warren identie the ie at hand in Fire

in the Heart a the trggle experienced

by white moving from a tate of paivity

to one of poitive action. He make an

intereting point regarding American,

who eem to hold great faith in edcationa a force for ocial change, bt in reality,

awarene of racim only play a partial

role in the development and commitment

of white activit.

In an eort to illminate the other

factor that aect thi drive to action,

Warren condcted in-depth interview

with 50 white activit in America who

were working for intittional change in

edcation, criminal jtice, and commnity

organiing to addre rban poverty.

Warren freqently inclde fll and direct

qotation from thee activit, tringing

together nippet of the torie told to him

to prodce a coheive narrative of what

may motivate ome white to cro racial

bondarie for eqality. Thi tyle highlight

lived experience, creating content that i

more appealing and acceible to a wider

adience than prely theoretical analyi.

In chooing ch a format, Warren eae

the reader’ ability to relate to what the

interviewee have relayed, rearming and

poibly deepening their ndertanding of

why white need to engage in endeavorof racial eqality.

In term of hi nding, Warren concldefrom thoe he interviewed that manywhite activit progre throgh phae,the rt of which involve a eminalexperience that awaken the peron toa contradiction between the vale theyhold and the reality of racial injtice.

Warren alo emphaie the ening

importance of forming relationhip with

people of color that bridge the divide,

and working with other white and people

of color toward a collective viion for

change.

He explain that thee procee that

white people ndergo are actally cyclical,

and that they are all rooted in a ene

of morality. For the majority interviewed,

racim i perceived a a threat to their

moral concione and th ha

dehmaniing coneqence for white

a well a people of color.

The vale that Warren ha oberved

are one generally reected by liberaldemocracie in the Wet, ch a a

belief in eqal opportnity for all. It can

beqently be premed that mot

white in America have at the very leat

been expoed to thee vale, conidering

their cltral and hitorical entrenchment.

Thi particlar foc on vale and the

reponibility to phold them provide

with inight into how white activit

can arrive at a imilar objective to people

of color in fotering a fair and inclive

environment.

In a imilar vein to the Generation 3.0project of Rnnymede Trt, which explore

attitde to how we might end racim for the

next generation, Warren eek to pinpoint

attitde held by white that facilitate

thi goal. However, while Generation 3.0

rvey people from a grand array of

backgrond, Warren narrow hi tdy to

white who have a poitive tance in the

hope of nearthing how thi tance wa

etablihed, and if other can omehow be

peraded to follow it.

Fire in the Heart i denitely worth readinga Warren’ perpective enriche or own

knowledge of the move forward that white

make a they challenge racial hegemony

a oppoed to remaining complicit in the

ytem. There i evidently more that mt

tranpire aide from merely informing

white of their privileged poition, and

Warren’ probing allow a glimpe a to

what that might be.

Fire in te heart: how Wite

Atiists Emrae Raial

Justie

By Mark R. WarrenOxford univerity Pre 2010Book review by Brhmie Balaram

REvIEWS EDITED bY RObIN FRAMPTON

REvIEWS

Embracing Racial Jtice

O F F E R F O R

R U N N Y M E D E

b U L L E T I N R E

A D E R S

C la i m y o u r 2 0 % d i sc o

u n t o f

F ire in T he

Heart b y v i s i t i n

g

w w w. o u p.c o m/ u k a nd

u s i ng t he

d i sc o u n t c ode A

A F L Y 1 2

bOOK




In Febrary 2011, Britih Prime MiniterDavid Cameron proclaimed that tatemlticltralim had failed in allowingegregated ocietie to exit withinBritain. In thi Very short Introdction,Ali Rattani arge that thi backlahagaint mlticltralim i mileading,becae available evidence gget that

mlticltralit policie have had a nmberof poitive impact in the governance ofnon-white immigrant commnitie in thicontry.

uing a comparative approach to analyethe impact of mlticltralit policiein other Eropean contrie, Rattanigive a concie yet extenive hitory ofmlticltral practice in Wetern Erope.Rattani agree that mlticltralim i aawed approach that need to lead to amore ophiticated form of intercltralgovernance, yet he defend the conceptagaint an oppoitional agenda which haed mlticltralim to capegoat ethnicminoritie for reorce carcity, which havein fact occrred de to the ‘triple tranition’of the nravelling of the nation tate,deindtrialiation, and the retrctringof welfare proviion. In doing o, Rattanicover a nmber of inter-related eld,focing on both political theory and ocialcientic analye of related problem.

Rattani begin by dening varioverion of mlticltralim, hitoriciingit rie in the Wet a a repone tonewly immigrated commnitie from

former colonie after the econd worldwar. Rattani dene mlticltralima the policy aim to enre fair,non-dicriminatory opportnitie for theintegration of immigrant, however hetate that critiqe of mlticltralimare often a ‘ephemim’ for racim andxenophobia.

Poing the qetion, ‘i mlticltralimbad for women?’, Rattani aee theie of ethnic minoritie demandingcltral recognition of grop right whenthee demand contradict etablihedhman right, aerting that there i very

little actal pport for ome of the morecontentio ie which governmentand the media have portrayed aentrenching erio diviion between

certain minoritie and the majority. Argingthat there i no pace for cltral relativimwithin mlticltralim, Rattani explorehow ie of female genital mtilationand forced marriage have been hijackedby anti-immigration agenda, to detractfrom the real ie of reorce carcity,nemployment and racim.

In the following chapter, Rattani qetionthe argment that Britain i ‘leepwalkingit way into egregation’. Nmerogovernment report commiioned afterthe 2001 diorder between Aian andwhite yoth in Britih mill town oppoedthe view that mlticltralim had led toegregation, in fact qetioning whetherreal egregation actally exit, or whetherthe cltering of Aian commnitie in theetown wa de to racim and dicriminationin the hoing and employment ector.Rattani alo give example of a nmberof mlticltralit policie and projectwhich have decreaed egregationamongt minoritie and the majority, andindeed many of the report pointed to alack of mlticltralit policie a beingproblematic.

Moving on to the inter-related conceptof integration and commnity coheion,crrently poplar within the Britihgovernment, Rattani oer well thoghtot critiqe of previo attempt to denethee concept, a well a the theorienderpinning their eflne. Thi leadto an evalation of the concept of national

identity, core vale of ‘Britihne’, andthe ‘Mlim qetion’. Rattani argethat there i no coherent national narrativefor immigrant to adhere to, given thatthe ideal of democracy, tolerance andeqal opportnitie epoed by thecrrent government are belied by Britain’imperialitic pat.

Focing on the endemic Ilamophobiathat ha become prevalent ince theterrorit atrocitie of 9/11 and 7/7, Rattaniarge that Ilamic radicalim can be eena an ndertandable political reactionby a minority of dienfranchied Mlim

yoth, which tie into anti-capitalit,anti-conmerit and anti-imperialitdicore. Rattani alo note the wayin which the Wet ha antagonied and

Multiulturalism: A very Sort

Introdution

By Ali Rattani

Oxford univerity Pre 2011Book review by Nat Illmine

bOOK


provoked Mlim by refing to oer theeqal enitivity toward religio ymbol,dietary and apparel choice.

In hi conclion, Rattani gget a newform of intercltral governance, termedintercltralim, baed on the need for

poitive enconter between ethnic andfaith grop beyond ‘the mere celebrationof diverity’. Intercltralim i baed on ahared ene of achievement, and oera dialoge of hared vale that acta a pringboard for redced hotilitiebetween Eropean and immigrant.

In mmary, Rattani ncover and exploreome of the mot contentio iearond immigration today, contextaliingthem within an agenda that i overtly racitand xenophobic, and oering an extenivehitory of the impact of immigration andgovernmental repone in Wetern Erope

in the 21t centry, particlarly in referenceto cltral relativim and Ilamophobia. Aefl tool for tdent, cholar and theperonally intereted alike.

REvIEWS

‘Intercltralim’ to trmpmlticltralim?




Promotin Soial coesion:

impliations for poliy and

ealuation

Edited by Peter Ratclie and IneNewmanThe Policy Pre, 2011.Book Review by Farzana shain.

Toward a new era for ocialpolicy trategy

bOOK


Thi edited collection oer an importantaement of commnity coheion aa concept and a a policy interventionaimed at ‘managing diverity’. Thebook wa pblihed a decade after therban nret in northern Englih town,gave rie to the now familiar loganof ‘parallel live’ and policy claim ofegregation between white and Aiancommnitie. The policy trategy ofcommnity coheion i criticied in thebook a inherently contradictory and‘problematic’ in the way it ha been edby policy maker and politician to oercltralit explanation for trctralproblem.

The foc on interethnic tenion hanot only ethnicied and racialied‘commnity’ bt alo invokeindividalitic oltion that foc onbehavior modication – the on ion ethnic minoritie to integrate more,complete citizenhip tet. All of thi, theeditor arge, relt in the tendencyto obcre the material ineqalitie thatnderpin the very tenion that threatenthe coheion of a given ociety.

The book advocate ocial coheiona a more inclive framework thatfacilitate ndertanding of intra awell a inter-grop conict and whichrecognie the need to addrematerial ineqality a a prereqiitefor a coheive ociety. At the heart ofthe book i a call for a more tained

and rigoro approach to evalatingthe eectivene of policy interventionch a commnity coheion in term ofachieving their deired goal. A key aimof the book i therefore to identify andapply an appropriate methodology forevalating their advocated framework ofocial coheion.

A a critical policy text thi book workwell. Part one et ot a critiqe of thetheoretical and conceptal perpectivenderpinning commnity coheion.Chapter in part two addre poibleway of mearing the cce of

coheion initiative, and draw on topicch a performance management,migration, race and poplationdynamic, ing local adminitrative

data to evalate and ae mediamyth and the importance of localknowledge in ndertanding eqality.

The chapter in the third part of thebook explore policy cae tdie ofhoing, edcation, the receion,

the third ector and intergenerationalpractice. Newman draw on tatiticalindicator of the impact of the 2008/9receion which how that thoegrop mot aected by the receion(Pakitani and Bangladehi) are thevery grop contrcted a ‘problem’nder the commnity coheion trategy.Oler’ chapter kilflly expoe thecontradiction inherent in an attemptto promote coheion within an overalledcation policy framework thatemphaie national over ocietalcoheion. The nal ection bringthe debate together and advance

ocial coheion a a trategy that ‘willnarrow the gap in otcome and lifeopportnitie’ and i a ‘prereqiitefor redcing commnity tenion andfacilitating better relationhip’ (p263-4).

Thi i a well organied and welledited book that deerve to be readwidely. It oer a nanced and detailedexamination of the methodologicalie involved in evalating coheioninitiative and in thi ene goe frtherthan many recent critiqe of commnitycoheion.

Althogh the chapter by Newmanexploring the impact of the 2008/9receion i excellent, I felt that thebook a a whole cold have engagedmore explicitly with the qetion of whyparticlar (ethnic minority) commnitiehave been the target of coheioninitiative. Thi wold entail deeperdicion of the economic and politicalnderpinning of coheion trategieand of the relation of ‘race’ to economiccrii. Bt, thi wold alo hift the focfrom policy implication to politic.Overall, thi i an important book thatwill make a trong contribtion to theliteratre on policy aement.

REvIEWS

Edited by Pr Ri and In Nwn

PRomotINgsocIal

cohesIoN

ImPlIcatIoNs foR PolIcy

aNd evaluatIoN




edcational achievement, employment,family pport tranlate into mchpoorer otcome when older; increaingvlnerability and driving p health andocial care cot.

A my parent reminded me, we are partof a longer trggle for jtice. If we areto be ccefl we need to draw on allof the aet and experience within orcommnitie – yonger and older.

At the end of 2011 I wa lcky enoghto be able to viit my parent who havenow retired to Grenada in the Caribbean,the land of their birth. We pent mch ofmy holiday dicing their experiencein the uK; the trggle to bild a life in anew contry in the face of dicrimination,the ccee and challenge of familylife, and their hope for the childrenand grandchildren of the eeminglyever-expanding Berkeley clan. Reectingon thee converation on my retrnI’ve been inpired by their tenacity andhopeflne in the face of the rejectionand injtice they too often faced, and

reminded that we tand on the holderof giant in or crrent trggle againtracim.

A reminder that ha been reinforcedin the pat year by or Generation 3.0initiative (www.generation3-0.org) whichoght to connect voice from dierentgeneration in ndertanding the impactof racim and pport them in identifyingoltion.

Many of the converation inBirmingham, Mancheter and Croydon(soth London) were illminating, omeextremely challenging. From motherdicing the impact of exceive topand earch on their children, to choolchildren highlighting the racialiedbllying that they have been bject to,the realitie of racim in or town andcitie ha been evident.

Alongide the converationabot racim the workhopalo highlighted thepowerlene that many,yong and old, feel to ndoltion. For me, a apaionate believer in ocialjtice, it i depreing tohear 12 year old ggetthat there i nothing we cando abot racim and that it will be arondin their children’ lifetime. What becameclear in or high treet pop-p workhopwa that we do not have the pacefor people of dierent generation to

dic racim or to bild repone toit together. If we did we might be betterat recognizing the ditance we havetravelled and the potential for concertedaction to end racim rather than merelypt p with it.

A participant in or olderpeople’ deliberative aemblyheld in Birmingham inDecember noted, older peopleare not a brden a too oftencharacterized, bt an aet to orociety. We need to enre thatolder people are flly engaged inthe trggle for racial jtice andthat their experience, inightand need inform the agenda forchange. A Nat Lieveley andOmar Khan point ot earlier inthi Blletin, the older minorityethnic poplation of the uK iet to grow ignicantly over thenext generation and the ieof retirement, nancial inclion,poverty, ocial care and activeageing oght to be higher on

the race eqality agenda. Therei alo an imperative to addrethe racim faced by yongerpeople ince lower level of

As my parents reminded me...

Diretor’scOLUMNRnnymede director Ro

berkeley on the importance of

paing knowledge down throgh

generation

Older people are nota urden as too often

arateried, ut an

asset to our soiety

Tere is also an

imperatie to address

te raism faed yyouner people

P h o

t o :

F l i c

k r / h a r t f o r d . s

t y r o n g

@ s

b c g

l o b a

l . n e

t



Date post:	06-Apr-2018
Category:	Documents
Upload:	runnymedetrust
View:	219 times
Download:	0 times

Winter 2011-2012 Runnymede Bulletin (Older People)

Documents