Mid Termpresentation

Based onWire Line project

Company-: Reliance Comm. Ltd Name-:raman sanoria

Roll no-:RH6802A24

Geographical Information System

• A geographic information system (GIS) is any system that captures, stores, analyzes, manages the present data that are linked to location.

GIS techniques and technology• Modern GIS technologies use digital information, for which

various digitized data creation methods are used. The most common method of data creation is digitization, where a hard copy map or survey plan is transferred into a digital medium through the use of a Computer Aided Design (CAD) program.

Data Representation

GIS data represents real objects with digital data. Real objects can be divided into two abstractions: 1.Discrete objects

2.Continous Feilds

Applications

• Scientific investigations• Resource management, • Urban planning• Geographic history• GIS can be used by a company to site a new business

location to take advantage of a previously under served market.

Network Engineer Software• An overview-:With Network Engineer software we are able to

create, manage, and manipulate your telecommunications facility data within a geographical information system (GIS) environment. Network Engineer supports copper, coaxial, wireless, and fiber networks in two environments: Inside Plant (ISP) and Outside Plant (OSP). Features are listed below-:

• Structure • Span• Transport media • Drop line • Network interface• Splice closure • Attachment.

Network Engineer Software

Document end-to-end communications networks.

Network Engineer Software

Network Engineer Software

Network Engineer supports multiple network technologies. Diagram depicts copper cable connection to fiber cable.

Main Toolbar

The Main toolbar can be displayed by selecting View > Toolbars > Main Toolbar.

Work Order of NE

Creating Work Order-> Select Network Engineer > Work Order Manager. The system displays the Work Order dialog

box.

Optical Fiber Comm. System

Electrical receive

Destination

Information source

Electrical transmit

Optical source

Optical Fibre cable

Optical Detector

Optical fibres

Single Mode Fibers are high quality fibers for wideband, long-haul transmission and are generally fabricated from doped silica in order to reduce attenuation.

Single mode

Multi mode

Multi Mode fibers may be fabricated from either multi component glass compounds or doped silica. These fibers can have reasonable large core diameters and large numerical apertures to facilitate efficient coupling to incoherent light source.

Diagram of total internal reflection in an Optical Fiber

Optical fibresBuffer/jacket color Meaning

Yellow single-mode optical fiber

Orange Multi-mode optical fiber

Aqua 10 gig laser-optimized 50/125 micrometer multi-mode optical fiber

Grey Outdated color code for multi-mode optical fiber

Optical fibre colour scheme

Position Jacket color

1 Blue

2 Orange

3 Green

4 Brown

5 Slate

6 White

7 Red

8 Black

9 Yellow

10 Violet

11 Rose

12 Aqua

Optical Fiber Tools

2. Fiber Optic Cleaver is used to cut the fiberglass to make a good end face, as we know the quality of the bare fiber endface will determine the quality of the joint of the fibers in the fiber optic fusion process, and the joint point quality means higher or lower attenuation of the fiber connection line.

1.Stipper: It is an instrument mainly used to remove the core and cladding from the glass fiber.

Optical Fiber Tools

3.An optical time-domain reflectometer (OTDR) is an optoelectronic instrument used to characterize an optical fiber. An OTDR injects a series of optical pulses into the fiber under test. It also extracts, from the same end of the fiber, light that is scattered or reflected back from points along the fiber.

Optical Fiber Connections

1. Fiber Splices-: A permanent joint formed between two individual optical fibers in the field or factory is known as fiber Splice. Fiber Splice has mainly two techniques named below-: 1.Fusion Splicing

2.Mechanical Splicing

Optical Fiber Connections

• Fusion Splicing technique involves the heating of two prepared fiber ends to their fusing point with the application of sufficient axial pressure between two optical fibers.

Fiber Optic Fusion Splicer

Optical Fiber Connections

Internal view of Fusion Splicer

Optical Fiber Connections

Optical Fiber Connections

1. Enclosure is also a suitable technique to connect two ends of optical fiber during fiber cut.

Enclosure

Internal view of Enclosure-: Whenever there is a fibercut due to any construction work of road side using JCB machines or due to another reason an enclosure is used to re-establish the connection to clear the route and to reduce the losses.

Optical Fiber Connections

Optical fiber losses

1. Coupling losses-:Ideally, optical signals coupled between fiber optic components are transmitted with no loss of light. However, there is always some type of imperfection present at fiber optic connections that causes some loss of light. It is the amount of optical power lost at fiber optic connections that is a concern of system d

2. Fiber bend loss-: Opticals fiber suffer radiation losses at bends or curves on their paths. This is due to the energy in the evanescent field at the bend exceeding the velocity of light in the cladding and hence the guidance mechanism is inhibited which causes light energy to be radiated from the fiber.