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Yardney Division National Ignition Facility • Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory • Operated by the US Department of Energy This work performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. TECHNICAL PRODUCTS INC P1195464_pstr_Chang LLNL-POST-645550 Wireless BMS tech-to-market plan: Possible early adopter applications Early adopters in defense Early adopters in transportation Our vision for Next-Generation Wireless Sensors in Cell Packs Signal Strength by Distance Overcharge Test Data from Wireless Sensors Passive RFID temperature sensor localized heating test with Li-Ion battery simulator Passive RFID strain sensor for Li-Ion cell case strain sensor 1 board 1 Interference tests with energized Battery Management System (BMS) Overcharge Test Monitoring with Wireless Sensors Bluetooth wireless BMS concept Both passive & active wireless sensors successfully demonstrated LLNL’s wireless BMS technology: Anatomy of prototypical sensor tag LLNL’s wireless BMS technology: Integration of tag & dual coils Enhanced saftey is crucial Temperature sensors needed at more strategic locations More sensors needed without proliferation of wiring harness Why is new ARPA-e technology important Sucessful demonstration of technology Testing wireless systems at Yardney New wireless BMS technology T2M plan involves early- adopter applications Testing strain gauges during pressurization & burst tests • Early adopters in Aerospace & Defense • Advanced applications in civilian aviation • UPS, grid & test equipment applications • Automotive applications (EV, HEV & SLI) Average Signal Strength Distance (feet) 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 50 100 150 200 20 25 30 35 40 45 Temperature ( ° C) Thermistor1_board1 Thermistor 2 Board 1 Thermistor 1 Board 2 Thermistor 2 Board 2 Thermistor 1 Board 3 Thermistor 2 Board 3 Thermistor 1 Board 4 Thermistor 2 Board 4 Thermistor 1 Board 5 Thermistor 2 Board 5 1,080 1,090 1,100 1,110 1,120 1,130 1,140 1,150 1,160 1,170 1,180 Strain in Cell Case (Arbitrary Units) Additional temperature sensors located more strategically: Earlier warning of impending thermal runaway Existing temperature sensors – Improperly located in relatively cool location Voltage Bluetooth chip Strain gauge Thermistor Antenna Bluetooth receiver Heat spreaders Headers & vents for individual cells • Our visionary concept —Earlier detection — More sensors — Fewer wires — Remote monitoring • Yardney Technical Product’s 2.5 kWh Li-Ion battery pack for NASA’s Mars Science Laboratory requires massive wiring harness Drive Signal Drive Antenna Receiver Antenna Rectifying Circuit Electronics Bluetooth Receiver Tethered Sensors Sensor Board Drive and Receiver Antennas, Rectifying Circuit Eliminated in Active Mode Power Signal Signal USB Bluetooth 4.0 Coil placement Drive coil Receiver coil • Cell potential — Terminal — Internal reference electrode • Cell temperature — External — Internal temperature sensor • Cell strain — Infer internal pressure • Emission sensors — Acoustic — Optical • Enable high-fidelity balancing of individual cells • Distributed wireless low-drain switches for control of current flow to each cell based upon sensed voltage • Distributed wireless low-drain operational amplifier circuits to charge each cell with potential control Today’s Wireless Sensors • Multiple Sell Packs • Distance and Accuracy Sensitivity Testing Tomorrow’s Wireless Control Curiosity Rover on Mars eNow Technology Wireless Sensors on a Battery supporting a Refrigerated Truck EaglePicher/Yardney 6T Military Battery 3000 4.4 3.0 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 –20 –40 –60 –80 3.0 3.4 3.8 4.2 4.6 5.0 5.4 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 Voltage (V) Temperature (°C) Voltage (V) 4.0 4.2 3400 3800 4200 4600 5000 17,000 16,600 16,200 15,800 15,400 15,0 00 Data point (no units, approx. 4/sec) Data point (no units, approx. 4/sec) Data point (no units, approx. 4/sec) 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000 5,000 T 1 Cell 1 T 1 Cell 2 T 1 Cell 3 V 1 Cell 1 V 1 Cell 2 V 1 Cell 3 V 3 Cell 1 V 3 Cell 2 V 3 Cell 3 0 MISSION Technology has been developed that enables monitoring of individual cells in high-capacity lithium-ion battery packs, with a distributed array of wireless Bluetooth 4.0 tags and sensors, and without proliferation of extensive wiring harnesses. Given the safety challenges facing lith- ium-ion batteries in electric vehicle, civilian aviation and defense applications, these wireless sensors may be par- ticularly important to these emerging markets. These wireless sensors will enhance the performance, reliability and safety of such energy storage systems . Wireless Battery Management System for Safe High-Capacity Li-Ion Energy Storage Technology Development Team: LLNL: Joe Farmer, John Chang, J. Zumstein, J. Kotovsky, E. Zhang EPT-Yardney: G. Moore, A. Dobley, F. Puglia, Others: S. Osswald, K. Wolf, J. Kaschmitter, S. Eaves, T. Bandhauer And we’d like to thank ARPA-E AMPED Management: Patrick McGrath, Russel Ross, Kevin Thompson and Ilan Guir
