Wireless Communication Trends
Mansura Habiba
Overview
• Wireless Connectivity: Present Trend• NFC : Technical Specification
• What is NFC?• NFC Operation Modes• NFC Technologies• How NFC works
• NFC: New opportunities• NFC: Benefits and Limitations
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Overview
• iBeacon : Technical Specification• What is iBeacon• How iBeacon Works
• iBeacon : New opportunities• iBeacon: Benefits and Limitations• Comparison of NFC and Smart & Smart-Ready Bluetooth
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Overview
• Zigbee: Technical Specification• Zigbee: New opportunities• Zigbee: Benefits and Limitations
• Ant+: Technical Specification• Ant+: New opportunities• Ant+: Benefits and Limitations
• Comparison of different Wireless Connectivity Protocol
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Wireless Connectivity: Present Trend
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Different Wireless Connectivity Trends
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NFC: Typical Use
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NFC: Typical Use (Cont..)
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Beacon: Typical Use
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Commercialization
Shopping : Payment
Secure Tansaction
iBeacon: Typical Use
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In-Door Navigation
Car Security
Localization
Bluetooth: Typical Use
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Hands free Device
ConnectivityHealth Application
BLE: Typical Use
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Event Trigger
Location Monitor
Zigbee: Typical Use
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ANT+ : Typical Use
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Fitness Application
Fitness Application
NFC: Near Field Communication
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What is NFC• NFC or Near Field Communication is a short range high
frequency wireless communication technology• A radio communication is established by touching two
devices or keeping them in a proximity of a few centimeters up to 10 cm
• Allows communication between • Two powered (active) devices• One powered and one non self powered (passive) device
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NFC operation Mode
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NFC ReaderP
eer
to P
eer
Card Emulator
NFC Reader
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NFC: New Opportunities
• Share ringtone: Recently Fanta has used NFC for sharing ringtones• Share promotional commercial• NFC enabled Vending Machine
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Benefits of NFC• NFC is compatible with existing passive RFID infrastructures unlike
Bluetooth.• NFC is slow, uses less power and less setup time compared to Bluetooth• Uses Short range secured channel for communication which prevents
hackers from snooping information during data transfer.
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Benefits of NFC
• Easy to setup and incorporate with compatible existing systems• No special software needed• No manual configuration and settings needed• No search and pair procedure needed.
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Limitations of NFC
• NFC’s maximum data transfer rate is slower than that of Bluetooth 4.0.
• Short distance action is a major drawback of NFC
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iBeacon / Beacon / BLE
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iBeaCon (iOS + BeaCon)
• Beacon tech introduced by Apple• An extremely accurate locating system• Runs on Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE)• Push notification system based on location• When the device is nearby any beacon content, there will be a push
notification in the device
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iBeacon Features
• Included in Bluetooth 4.0+• Geo-fence• Peer-to-Peer, WPAN• Low power consumption• Low cost• Multi Vendor interoperability
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iBeacon:Multiple points Communication
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Some iBeacon examples
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Proximity and Microlocation
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iBeacon: Benefits
• Low cost & Low Energy• P2P and star network support• Wider range than NFC
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iBeacon: Limitations
• Not approved for secured financial transactions• Conflicts with different Beacon points is still not handled• Turn location monitoring all the time • Requires recharging the active device• Practical transfer rate is below 100 kb/s• iBeacon needs power source.
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Beacon in Commercial use
• Paypal Beacon
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Zigbee: PAN, Mesh Network, Ad-hoc digital radio networks
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Zigbee: Features
• Low cost and Low Energy• Mesh network PAN• Can transmit data over long range• Operates in the industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) radio bands:
868 MHz in Europe, 915 MHz
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Zigbee: Benefits
• Can not act as both Beacon and Non-Beacon Mode• Remote Sensing and control
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Zigbee: Limitations
• Very low bandwidth • Practical range is too low 10-meter range. In comparison the
specification is up to 100m
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Zigbee:New Opportunities
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Zigbee: Home Automation
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Zigbee vs. BLE
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BLE ZigBee
Protocol Stack 250 kb < 32 kb (4kb)Range 10 - 100 meters 30 - 100 meters
Link Rate 1 Mbps 250 kbpsBattery rechargeable non-rechargeableDevices 8 2^16
Air Interface FHSS DSSSUsage frequently infrequently
Network Join Time 3 sec 30msecExtendibility no yes
Security PIN, 64 bit, 128 Bit 128 bit, AES
Zigbee vs. BLE
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BLE ZigBee
Beacon Mode Either Beacon or Non-Beacon
Both
Connectivity Machine to Machine Remote SensingPower Consumption Comparatively High Low
Setup Take long time Faster Network Adhoc, Piconet Adhoc, Star, Mesh,
Hybrid, Piconet
Ant+: What is Ant+
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• ANT+ is the wireless technology that allows your monitoring devices to talk to each other. Leading brands design ANT+ into top products to ensure that you get the data you want - when and where you want it. Fundamentally, ANT+ gives you the simplest, most expandable and most reliable user experience possible.
• ANT+ stands for interoperability which means that ANT+ products from multiple brands work together. Plus, because devices are compatible, you can always add to or update your monitoring system.
Ant+: Device Profile
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ANT+ devices use the ANT+ network key to access the ANT+ network, and they implement at least one of the ANT+ device profiles.
Comparison of NFC and Smart & Smart-Ready Bluetooth
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Learn, create and make it work
Additional slides with information
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How NFC Works
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Receive sufficient energy and starts clocking its data that connected at coils input
Shunting the coil causes a momentary fluctuation
Reader peak-detects the amplititude modulated
Reader continiously generates as RF carrier sine wave at 13,56 MHz
two loop antennas create air-core communication
Initiator Target
NFC: Overview
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Features of NFC
• NFC is an extention of Radio frequency Identification (RFID) technology that combines the interface of a smartcard and a reader into a single device.
• It operates within gobal unlicensed radio frequency band of 13,56MHz with a bandwidth of 14KHz.
• Supported data rates 106,212 and 424 Kbit/s • Setup time is < 0,1 sec• Able to receive and transmit data at the same time This
solves the problem of recovering data corruption during transmission .
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NDEF Record Type technical info
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NFC Technology Protocols
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iBeacon - Technical background• iBeacon are tiny lowcost, low energy, battery operated wireless transmitter
• iBeacon broadcast small data packet per second using BLE
• iBeacon enabled Apps are notified when the mobile device moves in or out of the range of iBeacon using geo-location (micro-location) and contextual interaction
• Proximity to a specific iBeacon can trigger some app functionality to perform a specific action on a specific mobile device at an exact specific time and in a specific location
• If Apps can connect to the Net this interaction can be taken to next stage
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Comparison of Different Wireless Connections
Bluetooth BLE (beacon/ibeac
on)
NFC ZigBee ANT+
Range (m) <100 <50 < 0.2 30 - 100 50
Link Rate 2,1 MBps 25 Mbps 424 kbps 250 kbps 1Mbps
Battery rechargeable rechargeable rechargeable non-rechargeable rechargeable
Devices 8 8 2 2^16 4
Network Topology
star, P2P star, P2P P2P Mesh, star, P2P Mesh, star, P2P. Tree
Network Join Time
6 sec 3 sec 0,1 sec 30msec 90msec
Extendibility No No No Yes Yes
Security 64 bit, 128 Bit PIN, 64 bit, 128 Bit
Non-RFID 128 bit, AES No
Extra Chip No No Yes No Yes
Cost <30$ 25$-50$ <1$ 1$-5$ >$200
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NFC vs. RFID
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Bluetooth vs. BLE
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NFC vs. BLE
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NFC vs. iBeacon
iBeacon NFCTechnology BLE NFCOs Support Android, ioS & Windows Android& Windows
Manufacturer 10/10 9/10 Scan Distance <=50m <=10cm
Cost 25$-50$ <1$Proximity No touch required Touch is required
Connection Point Yes NoPower Consumption Less More
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NFC vs. iBeacon (Cont.)
iBeacon NFC
Requirement Bluetooth 4.0 chip
Mechanism Content Notification by beacon (phone stanbye)
Detection of tag
Power Beacon active Tag active or passive
Range Up to 50 m Up to 4 m
Content application interworking
Pairing with device NDEF content types
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NFC vs. iBeacon (Cont.)
Application side beacon or tag (supplies content to application)
NFC Mobile phone with NFC chip Tag with NFC chip
NFC Device with NFC chip Mobile phone with NFC chip
iBeacon Mobile phone with Bluetooth 4.0
iBeacon with Bluetooth 4.0
iBeacon Device with Bluetooth 4.0 Mobile Phone with iBeacon
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Comparison of NFC and other RFID technologies
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Zigbee vs. BLE
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BLE ZigBee
Protocol Stack 250 kb < 32 kb (4kb)Range 10 - 100 meters 30 - 100 meters
Link Rate 1 Mbps 250 kbpsBattery rechargeable non-rechargeableDevices 8 2^16
Air Interface FHSS DSSSUsage frequently infrequently
Network Join Time 3 sec 30msecExtendibility no yes
Security PIN, 64 bit, 128 Bit 128 bit, AES
Zigbee vs. BLE
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BLE ZigBee
Beacon Mode Either Beacon or Non-Beacon
Both
Connectivity Machine to Machine Remote SensingPower Consumption Comparatively High Low
Setup Take long time Faster Network Adhoc, Piconet Adhoc, Star, Mesh,
Hybrid, Piconet
Common ANT vs. BLE
ANT BLE
Technology P2P, star, tree, mesh P2P, starChannel width 1 MHz 2MHz
Battery rechargeable non-rechargeableData Rate 1Mbs 1Mbs
Range 50m 50mUsage frequently infrequently
Network Join Time long shortExtendibility no yes
Security 64 bit key 128 bit, AES
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