16
X E L ATEX Wireless data networks Why is wireless different? Martin Heusse
X ELATEX
Wireless data networksWhy is wireless different?
Martin Heusse
X ELATEX
General info
• This is TLEN 5520, or ECEN 5032
• ECCS 1B12, WF, 3:00pm to 4:15pm
• Please register to the class mailing list!✓ send a mail to [email protected]
✓ body: subscribe tlen5520-s09 <Your Full Name>
• Web site: http://morse.colorado.edu/~tlen5520/
Intro. 3
History — what are we talking about?
Audio CD (82)
DECT
1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
HF
VHF
UHF
SHF
EHF
Infrared
Shortwaveradio
B&WTV
FM radio
3MHz
30MHz
300MHz
3GHz
30GHz
300GHz
Color TV
Satellite(experimental) Cordless
phoneCell phone
Satellitecommunications
IR WLAN
WiMAX
IRIDIUMsat. to sat.
Walkie Talky
“Mobile”phone
CBradio
Digital era
WLAN
3G 4G / LTEAlohaNet
Tw
iste
d pa
irCoa
xλf
1m
10cm
1mm
1cm
DVB-T
DAB
IBM PC (81)Arpanet
Intro. 4
Wireless data networks
Session
Transport
Network
Link
Physical
HTTP
MIME
HTTP Cookies
TCP
IP
Application
Presentation
PPP(HDLC framing)
RS-232
11a 11b
…
UDP SCTP
(adresses, security, channel access, ARQ)
Phy. Layer Converg. Protocol
Phy. medium dependent
MAC
…
DNS FTP SSH X11 …
LLC10
base
T10
0bas
eTX
6Mb/
s9M
b/s …
XDR
SLIP
SSL Session
Ethernet 802.11
Blue-tooth
Intro. 5
The wireless channel
• Free space propagation✓ Typical attenuation: λ = 0.1m, d = 1m→ -30dB (1/1000!)✓ Attenuation # 1
dn with 2 ≤ nAt best, the radiated power is projected on (a part of) a spherewhose surface grows in the order of 1
4πd2 .✓ May be worse!
• The atmosphere is (mostly) transparent✓ 10−2dB/km attenuation for radio waves in the air✓ Twisted pair: > 1dB/100m✓ Attenuation is exponential!
(and so it makes sense to measure attenuation in dB)✓ Strong attenuation in concrete, metal; varies with λ
→ Good for long distance communications(if only the world was flat…)
→ Strong attenuation, even over short distances• No confinement
✓ …
Intro. 6
Radio waves
• Propagation✓ Ground wave
I f < 2MHz; (…)I AM radio
✓ Sky wave (Reflection on the ionosphere)★ Line of sight
• Diffraction, refraction, absorption, scattering
• Multi-paths, fading
Intro. 7
Radio waves (cont.)
Intro. 8
Digital transmission Channel capacity
• Channel characteristics✓ Bandwidth✓ Signal to Noise power ratio (Signal power imited by regulation,
amplifier performance, distance, antenna…)
• Nyquist bandwidth✓ Channel width B (Hz)→ 2B (bauds) max trans. rate✓ (bauds⇔ symbols/s)✓ POTS modems had a capacity of 56kb/s on a channel several kHz
wide…← multilevel signaling
• Shannon capacity (How many levels can I use?)
✓ The signal is subject to noise. If levels are too close from eachother, there is a risk of error!
C = B log2(1 + SNR)
where SNR is the ratio of power in the signal to the power inthe noise.
Intro. 9
Physical layer for wireless
• Antennas
✓ Why does an antenna radiate power?
✓ Radiation pattern
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Example: cellular net. antennas point toward the ground✓ Polarization
Intro. 10
Physical layer for wireless (cont.)
• Not baseband transmission! (→ modulation)
• Synchronisation (→ preamble)(Ex.: for ASM, to which level does a logical “1” correspond?)
• Spread spectrum
✓ Can help to reduce impact of noise✓ Does not work for e.g. white noise
• Error detection, correction
• Scrambling
Intro. 11
Link layer for wireless
• ARQ• Association information
✓ Which network am I connecting to?→ Beacons / discovery
• Multiplexing / channel sharing
✓ (Sub) Channel choice✓ Channel access
I CentralizedI Localized (( distributed)
• Addressing (may include a relay address…)
• Fragmentation/reassembly• Power management
✓ Idle listening is also power consuming
Intro. 12
Multiplexing
�
�Multiplexing: several entities or flows share the same transmission
channel
• In time
✓ CSMA✓ TDMA (GSM: 8 uni-directional connection/freq. band)
• FrequencyFDMA: GSM, DECT, 802.11
• Code
✓ CDMA (3G)✓ Frequency hopping (Bluetooth)
• Spatial
Intro. 13
An example: DECTDigital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications
• 32kb/s; 1920 MHz–1930 MHz (US);(G)FSK
• FDMA + TDMA
• The base station transmitspermanently in one slot(→ discovery)
• Encryption
• Several data profiles (e.g. HDLCframing etc.)
Intro. 14
Applications of wireless networks
• Long distance links
• Cellular phones
★ Wireless LAN (802.11)
★ Internet access (802.11, 802.16—WiMAX)★ Wireless personal area network (802.15.1—Bluetooth)
✓ High rate, short range, low power consumption
★ Sensor networks (802.15.4—Zigbee)
✓ Low power consumption
* Ad hoc networks (Mobile multihop network)
✓ Routing✓ Performance issues
* Mesh networks
Intro. 15
Radio spectrum—FCC Freq. alloc.
U.S. DEPARTMENT O F C O MMERCE
NATIO
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UNITED
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THE RADIO SPECTRUM
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Satel
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Mobil
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(S-E
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Mobil
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Mobil
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(E-S
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Mobil
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(S-E
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Mobil
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MOB
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SATE
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Radi
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Radio
locat
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Radio
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Amat
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Sate
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RADI
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SpaceResearch
Land
Mob
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Radio
-loc
ation
RADI
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VIGA
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(E-S
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Land
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Mob
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Fixe
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Earth
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Earth
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Freq
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Sate
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(S-E
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RADIOASTRONOMY
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MOBILE
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LOCA
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(E-S
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MOBILESATELLITE
RADIO-NAVIGATIONSATELLITE
RADIO-NAVIGATION
Radio-location
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ACE
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(Pas
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FIX
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(Passive)
RADIOASTRONOMY
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FIXED
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TER-
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RADIO-LOCATION
INTER-SATELLITE
Radio-location
MOBILE
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RADIO-NAVIGATION
RADIO-NAVIGATIONSATELLITE
AMAT
EUR
AMAT
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SATE
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Amat
eur
Amat
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atel
liteRA
DIO
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CATI
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MOB
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FIXE
DFI
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SATE
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FIXE
DFI
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SATE
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-E)
EART
HEX
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(Pas
sive)
SPAC
E RE
S.(P
assiv
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SPAC
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S.(P
assiv
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RADI
OAS
TRON
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FIXEDSATELLITE
(S-E)
FIXED
MOB
ILE
FIXE
D
MOB
ILE
FIXE
D
MOB
ILE
FIXE
D
MOB
ILE
FIXE
D
MOB
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FIXE
D
SPAC
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SEAR
CH(P
assiv
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RTH
EXPL
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SATE
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assiv
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SPAC
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SEAR
CH(P
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TER-
SATE
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EINTE
R-SA
TELL
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INTE
R-SA
TELL
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INTE
R-SA
TELL
ITE
MOBILE
MOBILE
MOB
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SATELLITE
RADIO-NAVIGATION
RADIO-NAVIGATIONSATELLITE
FIXEDSATELLITE
(E-S)
FIXED
FIXE
DEA
RTH
EXPL
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SAT.
(Pas
sive)
SPAC
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S.(P
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SPACERESEARCH
(Passive)
RADIOASTRONOMY
EARTHEXPLORATION
SATELLITE(Passive)
MOB
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FIXE
D
MOB
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FIXE
D
MOB
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FIXE
D
FIXE
DSA
TELL
ITE
(S-E
)
FIXE
DSA
TELL
ITE(
S-E) FI
XED
SATE
LLIT
E (S
-E)
EART
H EX
PL.
SAT.
(Pas
sive)
SPAC
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S.(P
assiv
e)
Radio
-loc
ation
Radio
-loc
ation
RADI
O-LO
CATI
ON
AMAT
EUR
AMAT
EUR
SATE
LLIT
E
Amat
eur
Amat
eur S
atel
lite
EART
H EX
PLOR
ATIO
NSA
TELL
ITE
(Pas
sive)
SPAC
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S. (P
assiv
e)
MOBILE
MOBILESATELLITE
RADIO-NAVIGATION
RADIO-NAVIGATIONSATELLITE
MOBILE
MOBILE
FIXED
RADIO-ASTRONOMY
FIXEDSATELLITE
(E-S)
FIXED
3.0
3.02
5
3.15
5
3.23
0
3.4
3.5
4.0
4.06
3
4.43
8
4.65
4.7
4.75
4.85
4.99
55.
003
5.00
55.
060
5.45
MARITIMEMOBILE
AMAT
EUR
AMAT
EUR
SATE
LLIT
EFI
XED
Mob
ileM
ARIT
IME
MOB
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STAN
DARD
FRE
QUEN
CY &
TIM
E SI
GNAL
(20,
000
KHZ)
Spac
e Re
sear
ch
AERO
NAUT
ICAL
MOB
ILE
(OR)
AMAT
EUR
SATE
LLIT
EAM
ATEU
R
MET.
SAT.
(S-E
)MO
B. S
AT. (S
-E)
SPAC
E RE
S. (S
-E)
SPAC
E OP
N. (S
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MET.
SAT.
(S-E
)Mo
b. Sa
t. (S-
E)SP
ACE
RES.
(S-E
)SP
ACE
OPN.
(S-E
)ME
T. SA
T. (S
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MOB.
SAT
. (S-E
)SP
ACE
RES.
(S-E
)SP
ACE
OPN.
(S-E
)ME
T. SA
T. (S
-E)
Mob.
Sat. (
S-E)
SPAC
E RE
S. (S
-E)
SPAC
E OP
N. (S
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MOBILE
FIXED
FIXE
DLa
nd M
obile
FIXE
DMO
BILE
LAN
D M
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E
LAN
D MO
BILE
MAR
ITIM
E MO
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MAR
ITIM
E MO
BILE
MAR
ITIM
E M
OBIL
E
MAR
ITIM
E MO
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LAN
D M
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FIXE
DM
OBI
LEMO
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SATE
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(E-S
)
Radi
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dioloc
ation
LAND
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MOB
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ATEL
LITE
(E-S
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MET
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MET
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LOGI
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(RAD
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SPAC
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(S-S
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MO
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LAND
MO
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FIXE
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ND M
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FIXE
DFI
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RADI
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RADI
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ADIO
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MET
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(Rad
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MET
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LOG
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SATE
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Fixed
FIXED
MET. SAT.(s-E)
FIX
ED
FIXE
D
AERO
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MOB
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ATEL
LITE
(R) (
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)
AERO
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RAD
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RADIO
NAV.
SATE
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(Spa
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AERO
NAUT
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OBILE
SAT
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)(sp
ace t
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atellite
(S-
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RADI
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T. SA
T. (E
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MO
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SAT(
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AERO
. RAD
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AERO
. RAD
IONA
V.AE
RO. R
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RADI
O DE
T. SA
T. (E
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RADI
O DE
T. SA
T. (E
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MOBIL
E SA
T. (E
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MOBIL
E SAT
. (E-S
)Mo
bile S
at. (S
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RADI
O AS
TRON
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RADI
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NOM
Y M
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T. (
E-S)
FIXE
DM
OBI
LE
FIXE
D
FIXE
D(L
OS)
MOBI
LE(LO
S)SP
ACE
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ARCH
(s-E)
(s-s)
SPAC
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ION
(s-E)
(s-s)
EART
HEX
PLOR
ATIO
NSA
T. (s-
E)(s-
s)
Amat
eur
MO
BILE
Fixe
dRA
DIOL
OCAT
ION
AMAT
EUR
RADI
O A
STRO
N.SP
ACE
RES
EAR
CH
EART
H E
XPL
SAT
FIXE
D SA
T. (S
-E)
FIXED
MOBILE
FIXEDSATELLITE (S-E)
FIXE
DM
OBIL
EFI
XED
SATE
LLIT
E (E
-S)
FIXE
DSA
TELL
ITE
(E-S
)M
OBIL
EFI
XED
SPAC
ERE
SEAR
CH (S
-E)
(Dee
p Sp
ace) AE
RONA
UTIC
AL R
ADIO
NAVI
GATI
ON
EART
HEX
PL. S
AT.
(Pas
sive)
300
325
335
405
415
435
495
505
510
525
535
1605
1615
1705
1800
1900
2000
2065
2107
2170
2173
.521
90.5
2194
2495
2501
2502
2505
2850
3000
RADIO-LOCATION
BROA
DCAS
TING
FIXED
MOBILE
AMAT
EUR
RADI
OLOC
ATIO
N
MOB
ILE
FIXE
DM
ARIT
IME
MOB
ILE
MAR
ITIM
E M
OBIL
E (T
ELEP
HONY
)
MARI
TIME
MOBI
LELA
NDMO
BILE
MOBI
LEFI
XED
30.0
30.5
6
32.0
33.0
34.0
35.0
36.0
37.0
37.5
38.0
38.2
5
39.0
40.0
42.0
43.6
9
46.6
47.0
49.6
50.0
54.0
72.0
73.0
74.6
74.8
75.2
75.4
76.0
88.0
108.
0
117.
975
121.
9375
123.
0875
123.
5875
128.
8125
132.
0125
136.
0
137.
013
7.02
513
7.17
513
7.82
513
8.0
144.
014
6.0
148.
014
9.9
150.
05
150.
815
2.85
5
154.
0
156.
2475
157.
0375
157.
1875
157.
4516
1.57
516
1.62
516
1.77
516
2.01
25
173.
217
3.4
174.
0
216.
0
220.
022
2.0
225.
0
235.
0
300
ISM – 6.78 ± .015 MHz ISM – 13.560 ± .007 MHz ISM – 27.12 ± .163 MHz
ISM – 40.68 ± .02 MHz
ISM – 24.125 ± 0.125 GHz 30 GHz
ISM – 245.0 ± 1GHzISM – 122.5 ± .500 GHzISM – 61.25 ± .250 GHz
300.
0
322.
0
328.
6
335.
4
399.
9
400.
0540
0.15
401.
0
402.
0
403.
040
6.0
406.
1
410.
0
420.
0
450.
045
4.0
455.
045
6.0
460.
046
2.53
7546
2.73
7546
7.53
7546
7.73
7547
0.0
512.
0
608.
061
4.0
698
746
764
776
794
806
821
824
849
851
866
869
894
896
9019
0190
2
928
929
930
931
932
935
940
941
944
960
1215
1240
1300
1350
1390
1392
1395
2000
2020
2025
2110
2155
2160
2180
2200
2290
2300
2305
2310
2320
2345
2360
2385
2390
2400
2417
2450
2483
.525
0026
5526
9027
00
2900
3000
1400
1427
1429
.5
1430
1432
1435
1525
1530
1535
1544
1545
1549
.5
1558
.515
5916
1016
10.6
1613
.816
26.5
1660
1660
.516
68.4
1670
1675
1700
1710
1755
1850
MARI
TIME
MOBIL
E SA
TELL
ITE(sp
ace t
o Eart
h)MO
BILE
SATE
LLITE
(S-E)
RADI
OLO
CATI
ON
RADI
ONA
VIG
ATIO
NSA
TELL
ITE
(S-E
)
RADI
OLO
CATI
ON
Amat
eur
Radi
oloc
atio
nAE
RONA
UTIC
ALRA
DIO
NAVI
GAT
ION
SPA
CE
RESE
ARCH
( Pa
ssive
)EA
RTH
EXP
L SA
T (Pa
ssive
)RA
DIO
A
STRO
NOMY
MO
BILE
MOB
ILE
**FI
XED-
SAT
(E
-S)
FIXE
D
FIXE
D FIXE
D**
LAND
MOB
ILE (T
LM)
MOBI
LE SA
T.(S
pace
to E
arth)
MARI
TIME
MOBI
LE S
AT.
(Spa
ce to
Eart
h)Mo
bile
(Aero
. TLM
)
MO
BILE
SAT
ELLI
TE (S
-E)
MOBIL
E SA
TELL
ITE(Sp
ace t
o Eart
h)AE
RONA
UTICA
L MOB
ILE S
ATEL
LITE
(R)
(spac
e to E
arth)
3.0
3.1
3.3
3.5
3.6
3.65
3.7
4.2
4.4
4.5
4.8
4.94
4.99
5.0
5.15
5.25
5.35
5.46
5.47
5.6
5.65
5.83
5.85
5.92
5
6.42
5
6.52
5
6.70
6.87
5
7.02
57.
075
7.12
5
7.19
7.23
57.
25
7.30
7.45
7.55
7.75
7.90
8.02
5
8.17
5
8.21
5
8.4
8.45
8.5
9.0
9.2
9.3
9.5
10.0
10.4
5
10.5
10.5
510
.6
10.6
8
10.7
11.7
12.2
12.7
12.7
5
13.2
513
.4
13.7
514
.0
14.2
14.4
14.4
714
.514
.714
5
15.1
365
15.3
5
15.4
15.4
3
15.6
315
.716
.6
17.1
17.2
17.3
17.7
17.8
18.3
18.6
18.8
19.3
19.7
20.1
20.2
21.2
21.4
22.0
22.2
122
.5
22.5
5
23.5
5
23.6
24.0
24.0
5
24.2
524
.45
24.6
5
24.7
5
25.0
5
25.2
525
.527
.0
27.5
29.5
29.9
30.0
ISM – 2450.0 ± 50 MHz
30.0
31.0
31.3
31.8
32.0
32.3
33.0
33.4
36.0
37.0
37.6
38.0
38.6
39.5
40.0
40.5
41.0
42.5
43.5
45.5
46.9
47.0
47.2
48.2
50.2
50.4
51.4
52.6
54.2
555
.78
56.9
57.0
58.2
59.0
59.3
64.0
65.0
66.0
71.0
74.0
75.5
76.0
77.0
77.5
78.0
81.0
84.0
86.0
92.0
95.0
100.
0
102.
0
105.
0
116.
0
119.
98
120.
02
126.
0
134.
0
142.
014
4.0
149.
0
150.
0
151.
0
164.
0
168.
0
170.
0
174.
5
176.
5
182.
0
185.
0
190.
0
200.
0
202.
0
217.
0
231.
0
235.
0
238.
0
241.
0
248.
0
250.
0
252.
0
265.
0
275.
0
300.
0
ISM – 5.8 ± .075 GHz
ISM – 915.0 ± 13 MHz
INTE
R-SA
TELL
ITE
RADI
OLOC
ATIO
NSA
TELL
ITE (E
-S)
AERO
NAUT
ICAL
RADI
ONAV
.
PLEASE NOTE: THE SPACING ALLOTTED THE SERVICES IN THE SPEC-TRUM SEGMENTS SHOWN IS NOT PROPORTIONAL TO THE ACTUAL AMOUNTOF SPECTRUM OCCUPIED.
AERONAUTICALMOBILE
AERONAUTICALMOBILE SATELLITE
AERONAUTICALRADIONAVIGATION
AMATEUR
AMATEUR SATELLITE
BROADCASTING
BROADCASTINGSATELLITE
EARTH EXPLORATIONSATELLITE
FIXED
FIXED SATELLITE
INTER-SATELLITE
LAND MOBILE
LAND MOBILESATELLITE
MARITIME MOBILE
MARITIME MOBILESATELLITE
MARITIMERADIONAVIGATION
METEOROLOGICALAIDS
METEOROLOGICALSATELLITE
MOBILE
MOBILE SATELLITE
RADIO ASTRONOMY
RADIODETERMINATIONSATELLITE
RADIOLOCATION
RADIOLOCATION SATELLITE
RADIONAVIGATION
RADIONAVIGATIONSATELLITE
SPACE OPERATION
SPACE RESEARCH
STANDARD FREQUENCYAND TIME SIGNAL
STANDARD FREQUENCYAND TIME SIGNAL SATELLITE
RADI
O A
STRO
NOM
Y
FIXED
MARITIME MOBILE
FIXED
MARITIMEMOBILE Aeronautical
Mobile
STAN
DARD
FRE
Q. A
ND T
IME
SIGN
AL (6
0 kH
z)FI
XED
Mob
ile*
STAN
D. F
REQ.
& T
IME
SIG.
MET.
AIDS
(Rad
ioson
de)
Spac
e Opn
. (S
-E)
MOBIL
E.SA
T. (S
-E)
Fixe
d
Stan
dard
Freq
. and
Time S
ignal
Satel
lite (E
-S)
FIXE
D
STAN
DARD
FRE
Q. A
ND T
IME
SIGN
AL (2
0 kH
z)
Amate
ur
MO
BIL
E
FIXE
D S
AT. (
E-S)
Spac
eRe
sear
ch
ALLOCATION USAGE DESIGNATION
SERVICE EXAMPLE DESCRIPTION
Primary FIXED Capital Letters
Secondary Mobi le 1st Capital with lower case letters
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCENational Telecommunications and Information AdministrationOffice of Spectrum Management
October 2003
MOB
ILE
BROA
DCAS
TING
TRAVELERS INFORMATION STATIONS (G) AT 1610 kHz
59-64 GHz IS DESIGNATED FORUNLICENSED DEVICES
Fixed
AE
RO
NA
UTI
CA
LR
AD
ION
AV
IGA
TIO
N
SPAC
E RE
SEAR
CH (P
assiv
e)
* EXCEPT AERO MOBILE (R)
** EXCEPT AERO MOBILE WAVELENGTH
BANDDESIGNATIONS
ACTIVITIES
FREQUENCY
3 x 107m 3 x 106m 3 x 105m 30,000 m 3,000 m 300 m 30 m 3 m 30 cm 3 cm 0.3 cm 0.03 cm 3 x 105Å 3 x 104Å 3 x 103Å 3 x 102Å 3 x 10Å 3Å 3 x 10-1Å 3 x 10-2Å 3 x 10-3Å 3 x 10-4Å 3 x 10-5Å 3 x 10-6Å 3 x 10-7Å
0 10 Hz 100 Hz 1 kHz 10 kHz 100 kHz 1 MHz 10 MHz 100 MHz 1 GHz 10 GHz 100 GHz 1 THz 1013Hz 1014Hz 1015Hz 1016Hz 1017Hz 1018Hz 1019Hz 1020Hz 1021Hz 1022Hz 1023Hz 1024Hz 1025Hz
THE RADIO SPECTRUMMAGNIFIED ABOVE3 kHz 300 GHz
VERY LOW FREQUENCY (VLF)Audible Range AM Broadcast FM Broadcast Radar Sub-Millimeter Visible Ultraviolet Gamma-ray Cosmic-ray
Infra-sonics Sonics Ultra-sonics Microwaves Infrared
P L S XC RadarBands
LF MF HF VHF UHF SHF EHF INFRARED VISIBLE ULTRAVIOLET X-RAY GAMMA-RAY COSMIC-RAY
X-ray
ALLOCATIONS
FREQUENCY
BR
OA
DC
AS
TIN
GF
IXE
DM
OB
ILE
*
BR
OA
DC
AS
TIN
GF
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DB
RO
AD
CA
ST
ING
F
IXE
D
M
obile
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ED
BR
OA
DC
AS
TIN
G
BROA
DCAS
TING
FIXE
D
FIXE
D
BRO
ADC
ASTI
NG
FIXE
DBR
OADC
ASTIN
GFI
XED
BROA
DCAS
TING
FIXE
D
BROA
DCAS
TING
FIXE
DBR
OADC
ASTIN
GFI
XED
BROA
DCAS
TING
FIXE
D
FIXE
D
FIXE
D
FIXE
DFI
XED
FIXE
D
LAN
DM
OBI
LE
FIXE
D
AERO
NAUT
ICAL
MO
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(R)
AMAT
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LLIT
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ATEU
R MOB
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LLIT
E (E
-S)
FIX
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Fixe
dM
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adio
-lo
catio
nFI
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DM
OB
ILE
LAND
MOB
ILE
MAR
ITIM
E M
OBIL
E
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D L
AND
MOB
ILE
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D
LAND
MO
BILE
RA
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AT
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ITE
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LE
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AND
MOB
ILE
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(Rad
io-so
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E OPN
. (S
-E)
Earth
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l Sat
(E-S
)Me
t-Sate
llite (E
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AT.
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(E-S
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Earth
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l Sat
(E-S
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t-Sate
llite (E
-S)
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H EX
PLSA
T. (E
-S)
MET-S
AT.
(E-S
)
LAND
MO
BILE
LAND
MO
BILE
FIXE
DLA
ND M
OBI
LEFI
XED
FIXE
D
FIXE
D L
AND
MOB
ILE
LAND
MO
BILE
FIXE
D L
AND
MOB
ILE
LAND
MO
BILE
LAN
D M
OBIL
E
LAND
MO
BILE
MO
BILE
FIXE
D
MO
BILE
FIXE
D
BRO
ADCA
STM
OBI
LEFI
XED
MO
BILE
FIXE
D
FIXE
DLA
ND M
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MO
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FIXE
DLA
ND M
OBI
LE AERO
NAUT
ICAL
MOB
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NAUT
ICAL
MOB
ILE FIXE
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ND M
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OBI
LELA
ND M
OBI
LEFI
XED
LAND
MO
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FIXE
DM
OB
ILE
FIXE
D
FIXE
DFI
XED
MO
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FIXE
D
FIXE
DFI
XED
BRO
ADCA
ST
LAND
MO
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LAND
MO
BILE
FIXE
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LE
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OGIC
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ace r
es.
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o As
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FIXE
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LE**
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ILE
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LLIT
E (S
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ODET
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AT. (
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locati
onM
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eur
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on
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ATE
UR
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ileRa
diol
ocat
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RA
DIO
LO
CA
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N
MOB
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**
Fixed
(TLM
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ND M
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(TLM
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LE (
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SAT
(S
-E)
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D (T
LM)
MOBI
LE
MOBI
LE SA
T.(S
pace
to E
arth)
Mob
ile *
*
MO
BILE
**FI
XED
MO
BILE
MO
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SAT
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TE (E
-S)
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E OP
.(E
-S)(s
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)SP
ACE
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BILE
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ile
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tion
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atio
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BILE
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ateu
rRA
DIOL
OCAT
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-E)
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FIXE
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ILE
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TE
LL
ITE
(S-E
)
MAR
ITIM
E M
OBI
LE
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ile FIXE
D
FIXE
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STM
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ATEL
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)
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FIX
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ARIT
IME
MO
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AT (S
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ITE
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)
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Radio
-loc
ation
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O-LO
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AT
.(E
-S)
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obile
FX S
AT.(E
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L M
Sat(E
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RA
DIO
NAV
FIXE
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T (E
-S)
AERO
NAUT
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RAD
IONA
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TION
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OLO
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ON
Spac
e Re
s.(ac
t.)
RADI
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Radio
locat
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Radio
loc.
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OLOC
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xpl S
atSp
ace
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locati
onBC
ST
SAT.
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ED
FIXE
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ITE
(S-
E)FI
XED
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LLIT
E (S
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PL. S
AT.
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AT (
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E RE
S.
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ITE
(S-E
)
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ITE
(S-E
)
FIXE
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ITE
(S-E
)MO
BILE
SAT
. (S-
E)
FX S
AT (
S-E)
MO
BILE
SAT
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TE (
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FX S
AT (
S-E)
STD
FRE
Q. &
TIM
EMO
BILE
SAT
(S-E
)
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H EX
PL. S
AT.
MO
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ACE
RES. FI
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FIX
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H EX
PL. S
AT.
FIX
ED
MOB
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AD.A
STSP
ACE
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E
INTE
R-SA
TELL
ITE
FIX
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O AS
TRON
OMY
SPAC
E RE
S.(P
assi
ve)
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EUR
AMAT
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SATE
LLIT
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Radio
-loc
ation
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urRA
DIO-
LOCA
TION
Earth
Ex
pl.Sa
telli
te(A
ctiv
e)
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ED
INTE
R-SA
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ITE
RADI
ONAV
IGAT
ION
RADI
OLOC
ATIO
N
SAT
ELLIT
E (E-
S)IN
TER-
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LLIT
E
FIX
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SATE
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ONAV
IGAT
ION
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LLIT
E(E
-S)
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MOB
ILE
SATE
LLIT
E (E
-S)
FIXE
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TELL
ITE
(E-S
)
MO
BIL
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DEa
rth
Explo
ratio
nSa
tellit
e (S
-S)
std fre
q &
time
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-sat
(s-s
)M
OB
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FIX
ED
e-e
-sat
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E
SPAC
ERE
SEAR
CH (d
eep
spac
e)
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ONA
VIG
ATIO
NIN
TER
- SA
TSP
ACE
RES
.
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ED
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BIL
ESP
ACE
RES
EAR
CH
(spa
ce-to
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th)
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AC
ER
ES
.
FIX
ED
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(S-
E)M
OB
ILE
FIX
ED
FIXE
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ATEL
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FIX
ED
FIX
ED
SATE
LLIT
EM
OB
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SA
T.
FIX
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TM
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)
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t (s
- e)
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ES. (
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AT(S
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AS
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TS
AT.
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OMY
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(E-S
)
MO
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(E-S
)
MO
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ER
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ITE
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MO
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T(E-
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MO
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D
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TH E
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ACE
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INTE
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SAT
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E RE
S.E
AR
TH-E
S
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E RE
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OB
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ED
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PLOR
ATIO
NSA
T. (P
assiv
e)S
PA
CE
RES
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OB
ILE
FIX
ED
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R-
SAT
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ED
MO
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E
INTE
R-SA
TRA
DIO-
LOC.
MO
BIL
EFI
XE
DEA
RTH
EXPL
ORAT
ION
SAT.
(Pas
sive)
MOB
ILE
FIX
ED
INTE
R-SA
TELL
ITE
FIX
ED
MO
BIL
E**
MO
BIL
E**
INTE
R-SA
TELL
ITE
MO
BIL
EIN
TER-
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LLIT
E
RAD
IOLO
C.
Amat
eur
Am
ateu
r Sat
.Am
ateu
rR
ADIO
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MA
TEU
R S
AT
AMAT
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RAD
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C.
SPAC
ERE
SEAR
CH(P
assiv
e)
EART
HEX
PL S
AT.
(Pas
sive)
FIX
ED
MO
BIL
EIN
TER-
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LLIT
ESP
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RESE
ARCH
(Pas
sive)
EART
HEX
PL S
AT.
(Pas
sive)
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erFI
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O-
BILE
INTE
R-SA
T.SP
ACE
RES.
E A R T
H EX
PL . S
AT
INTE
R-SA
TELL
ITE
INTE
R-SA
T.IN
TER-
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MO
BILE
FIXE
D
FX-S
AT
(S -
E)
BCST
- SA
T.B-
SAT
.M
OB
**FX
-SA
T
SPAC
E RE
SEAR
CH
SPAC
ERE
S..
This chart is a graphic single-point-in-time portrayal of the Table of Frequency Allocations used by theFCC and NTIA. As such, it does not completely reflect all aspects, i.e., footnotes and recent changesmade to the Table of Frequency Allocations. Therefore, for complete information, users should consult theTable to determine the current status of U.S. allocations.
U.S. DEPARTMENT O F C O MMERCE
NATIO
NA
L TELEC
OM
M
UN I C ATI O NS & INF O RM ATION
AD
MIN
ISTR
ATIO
N
MO
BILE
(AE
RONA
UTIC
AL T
ELEM
ETER
ING
)
S)
5.68
5.73
5.90
5.95
6.2
6.52
5
6.68
56.
765
7.0
7.1
7.3
7.35
8.1
8.19
5
8.81
5
8.96
59.
040
9.4
9.5
9.9
9.99
510
.003
10.0
0510
.110
.15
11.1
7511
.275
11.4
11.6
11.6
5
12.0
5
12.1
0
12.2
3
13.2
13.2
613
.36
13.4
113
.57
13.6
13.8
13.8
714
.014
.25
14.3
5
14.9
9015
.005
15.0
1015
.10
15.6
15.8
16.3
6
17.4
117
.48
17.5
5
17.9
17.9
718
.03
18.0
6818
.168
18.7
818
.919
.02
19.6
819
.80
19.9
9019
.995
20.0
0520
.010
21.0
21.4
521
.85
21.9
2422
.0
22.8
5523
.023
.223
.35
24.8
924
.99
25.0
05
25.0
125
.07
25.2
125
.33
25.5
525
.67
26.1
26.1
7526
.48
26.9
526
.96
27.2
327
.41
27.5
428
.0
29.7
29.8
29.8
929
.91
30.0
UNITED
STATES
THE RADIO SPECTRUM
NON-GOVERNMENT EXCLUSIVE
GOVERNMENT/ NON-GOVERNMENT SHAREDGOVERNMENT EXCLUSIVE
RADIO SERVICES COLOR LEGEND
ACTIVITY CODE
NOT ALLOCATED RADIONAVIGATION FIXED
MARITIME MOBILEFIXED
MARITIME MOBILE
FIXED
MARITIME MOBILE
Radiolocation RADIONAVIGATION
FIXED
MARITIMEMOBILE
Radiolocation
FIXED
MARITIMEMOBILE
FIXED
MARITIMEMOBILE
AERONAUTICALRADIONAVIGATION
AERO
NAUT
ICAL
RADI
ONAV
IGAT
ION
Aero
naut
ical
Mob
ileM
aritim
eRa
diona
vigat
ion(R
adio
Beac
ons)
MAR
ITIM
ERA
DION
AVIG
ATIO
N(R
ADIO
BEA
CONS
)
Aero
naut
ical
Radio
navig
ation
(Rad
io Be
acon
s)
3 9 14 19.9
5
20.0
5
30 30 59 61 70 90 110
130
160
190
200
275
285
300
3 kHz 300 kHz
300 kHz 3 MHz
3 MHz30 MHz
30 MHz 300 MHz
3 GHz
300 GHz
300 MHz
3 GHz
30 GHz
AeronauticalRadionavigation(Radio Beacons)
MARITIMERADIONAVIGATION(RADIO BEACONS)
Aero
naut
ical
Mob
ile
Mar
itime
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navig
ation
(Rad
io Be
acon
s)
AERO
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ICAL
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IGAT
ION
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IO B
EACO
NS)
AERONAUTICALRADIONAVIGATION(RADIO BEACONS)
AeronauticalMobile
Aero
naut
ical M
obile
RADI
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IGAT
ION
AER
ONA
UTIC
ALRA
DIO
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ION
MAR
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LE AeronauticalRadionavigation
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BILE
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TRES
S AN
D CA
LLIN
G)
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IGAT
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IO B
EACO
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BROADCASTING(AM RADIO)
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OBIL
E (T
ELEP
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MAR
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MARITIMEMOBILE
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obile
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R
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OA
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bile
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SPAC
E RE
S.(P
assiv
e)
SPACERESEARCH
(Passive)
RADIOASTRONOMY
EARTHEXPLORATION
SATELLITE(Passive)
MOB
ILE
FIXE
D
MOB
ILE
FIXE
D
MOB
ILE
FIXE
D
FIXE
DSA
TELL
ITE
(S-E
)
FIXE
DSA
TELL
ITE(
S-E) FI
XED
SATE
LLIT
E (S
-E)
EART
H EX
PL.
SAT.
(Pas
sive)
SPAC
E RE
S.(P
assiv
e)
Radio
-loc
ation
Radio
-loc
ation
RADI
O-LO
CATI
ON
AMAT
EUR
AMAT
EUR
SATE
LLIT
E
Amat
eur
Amat
eur S
atel
lite
EART
H EX
PLOR
ATIO
NSA
TELL
ITE
(Pas
sive)
SPAC
E RE
S. (P
assiv
e)
MOBILE
MOBILESATELLITE
RADIO-NAVIGATION
RADIO-NAVIGATIONSATELLITE
MOBILE
MOBILE
FIXED
RADIO-ASTRONOMY
FIXEDSATELLITE
(E-S)
FIXED
3.0
3.02
5
3.15
5
3.23
0
3.4
3.5
4.0
4.06
3
4.43
8
4.65
4.7
4.75
4.85
4.99
55.
003
5.00
55.
060
5.45
MARITIMEMOBILE
AMAT
EUR
AMAT
EUR
SATE
LLIT
EFI
XED
Mob
ileM
ARIT
IME
MOB
ILE
STAN
DARD
FRE
QUEN
CY &
TIM
E SI
GNAL
(20,
000
KHZ)
Spac
e Re
sear
ch
AERO
NAUT
ICAL
MOB
ILE
(OR)
AMAT
EUR
SATE
LLIT
EAM
ATEU
R
MET.
SAT.
(S-E
)MO
B. S
AT. (S
-E)
SPAC
E RE
S. (S
-E)
SPAC
E OP
N. (S
-E)
MET.
SAT.
(S-E
)Mo
b. Sa
t. (S-
E)SP
ACE
RES.
(S-E
)SP
ACE
OPN.
(S-E
)ME
T. SA
T. (S
-E)
MOB.
SAT
. (S-E
)SP
ACE
RES.
(S-E
)SP
ACE
OPN.
(S-E
)ME
T. SA
T. (S
-E)
Mob.
Sat. (
S-E)
SPAC
E RE
S. (S
-E)
SPAC
E OP
N. (S
-E)
MOBILE
FIXED
FIXE
DLa
nd M
obile
FIXE
DMO
BILE
LAN
D M
OBIL
E
LAN
D MO
BILE
MAR
ITIM
E MO
BILE
MAR
ITIM
E MO
BILE
MAR
ITIM
E M
OBIL
E
MAR
ITIM
E MO
BILE
LAN
D M
OBIL
E
FIXE
DM
OBI
LEMO
BILE
SATE
LLITE
(E-S
)
Radi
oloc
atio
nRa
dioloc
ation
LAND
MOB
ILEAM
ATEU
R
MOB
ILE S
ATEL
LITE
(E-S
) R
ADIO
NAVI
GATI
ON S
ATEL
LITE
MET
. AID
S(R
adios
onde
)
MET
EORO
LOGI
CAL
AIDS
(RAD
IOSO
NDE)
SPAC
E R
ESEA
RCH
(S-S
)FI
XED
MO
BILE
LAND
MO
BILE
FIXE
DLA
ND M
OBI
LE
FIXE
DFI
XED
RADI
O A
STRO
NOM
Y
RADI
O A
STRO
NOM
YM
ETEO
ROLO
GIC
ALAI
DS (R
ADIO
SOND
E)
MET
EORO
LOG
ICAL
AIDS
(Rad
ioso
nde)
MET
EORO
LOG
ICAL
SATE
LLIT
E (s
-E)
Fixed
FIXED
MET. SAT.(s-E)
FIX
ED
FIXE
D
AERO
NAUT
ICAL
MOB
ILE S
ATEL
LITE
(R) (
spac
e to
Earth
)
AERO
NAUT
ICAL
RAD
IONA
VIGAT
ION
RADIO
NAV.
SATE
LLITE
(Spa
ce to
Eart
h)
AERO
NAUT
ICAL M
OBILE
SAT
ELLIT
E (R
)(sp
ace t
o Eart
h)Mo
bile S
atellite
(S-
E)
RADI
O DE
T. SA
T. (E
-S)
MO
BILE
SAT(
E-S)
AERO
. RAD
IONA
VIGAT
ION
AERO
. RAD
IONA
V.AE
RO. R
ADIO
NAV.
RADI
O DE
T. SA
T. (E
-S)
RADI
O DE
T. SA
T. (E
-S)
MOBIL
E SA
T. (E
-S)
MOBIL
E SAT
. (E-S
)Mo
bile S
at. (S
-E)
RADI
O AS
TRON
OMY
RADI
O A
STRO
NOM
Y M
OBIL
E SA
T. (
E-S)
FIXE
DM
OBI
LE
FIXE
D
FIXE
D(L
OS)
MOBI
LE(LO
S)SP
ACE
RESE
ARCH
(s-E)
(s-s)
SPAC
EOP
ERAT
ION
(s-E)
(s-s)
EART
HEX
PLOR
ATIO
NSA
T. (s-
E)(s-
s)
Amat
eur
MO
BILE
Fixe
dRA
DIOL
OCAT
ION
AMAT
EUR
RADI
O A
STRO
N.SP
ACE
RES
EAR
CH
EART
H E
XPL
SAT
FIXE
D SA
T. (S
-E)
FIXED
MOBILE
FIXEDSATELLITE (S-E)
FIXE
DM
OBIL
EFI
XED
SATE
LLIT
E (E
-S)
FIXE
DSA
TELL
ITE
(E-S
)M
OBIL
EFI
XED
SPAC
ERE
SEAR
CH (S
-E)
(Dee
p Sp
ace) AE
RONA
UTIC
AL R
ADIO
NAVI
GATI
ON
EART
HEX
PL. S
AT.
(Pas
sive)
300
325
335
405
415
435
495
505
510
525
535
1605
1615
1705
1800
1900
2000
2065
2107
2170
2173
.521
90.5
2194
2495
2501
2502
2505
2850
3000
RADIO-LOCATION
BROA
DCAS
TING
FIXED
MOBILE
AMAT
EUR
RADI
OLOC
ATIO
N
MOB
ILE
FIXE
DM
ARIT
IME
MOB
ILE
MAR
ITIM
E M
OBIL
E (T
ELEP
HONY
)
MARI
TIME
MOBI
LELA
NDMO
BILE
MOBI
LEFI
XED
30.0
30.5
6
32.0
33.0
34.0
35.0
36.0
37.0
37.5
38.0
38.2
5
39.0
40.0
42.0
43.6
9
46.6
47.0
49.6
50.0
54.0
72.0
73.0
74.6
74.8
75.2
75.4
76.0
88.0
108.
0
117.
975
121.
9375
123.
0875
123.
5875
128.
8125
132.
0125
136.
0
137.
013
7.02
513
7.17
513
7.82
513
8.0
144.
014
6.0
148.
014
9.9
150.
05
150.
815
2.85
5
154.
0
156.
2475
157.
0375
157.
1875
157.
4516
1.57
516
1.62
516
1.77
516
2.01
25
173.
217
3.4
174.
0
216.
0
220.
022
2.0
225.
0
235.
0
300
ISM – 6.78 ± .015 MHz ISM – 13.560 ± .007 MHz ISM – 27.12 ± .163 MHz
ISM – 40.68 ± .02 MHz
ISM – 24.125 ± 0.125 GHz 30 GHz
ISM – 245.0 ± 1GHzISM – 122.5 ± .500 GHzISM – 61.25 ± .250 GHz
300.
0
322.
0
328.
6
335.
4
399.
9
400.
0540
0.15
401.
0
402.
0
403.
040
6.0
406.
1
410.
0
420.
0
450.
045
4.0
455.
045
6.0
460.
046
2.53
7546
2.73
7546
7.53
7546
7.73
7547
0.0
512.
0
608.
061
4.0
698
746
764
776
794
806
821
824
849
851
866
869
894
896
9019
0190
2
928
929
930
931
932
935
940
941
944
960
1215
1240
1300
1350
1390
1392
1395
2000
2020
2025
2110
2155
2160
2180
2200
2290
2300
2305
2310
2320
2345
2360
2385
2390
2400
2417
2450
2483
.525
0026
5526
9027
00
2900
3000
1400
1427
1429
.5
1430
1432
1435
1525
1530
1535
1544
1545
1549
.5
1558
.515
5916
1016
10.6
1613
.816
26.5
1660
1660
.516
68.4
1670
1675
1700
1710
1755
1850
MARI
TIME
MOBIL
E SA
TELL
ITE(sp
ace t
o Eart
h)MO
BILE
SATE
LLITE
(S-E)
RADI
OLO
CATI
ON
RADI
ONA
VIG
ATIO
NSA
TELL
ITE
(S-E
)
RADI
OLO
CATI
ON
Amat
eur
Radi
oloc
atio
nAE
RONA
UTIC
ALRA
DIO
NAVI
GAT
ION
SPA
CE
RESE
ARCH
( Pa
ssive
)EA
RTH
EXP
L SA
T (Pa
ssive
)RA
DIO
A
STRO
NOMY
MO
BILE
MOB
ILE
**FI
XED-
SAT
(E
-S)
FIXE
D
FIXE
D FIXE
D**
LAND
MOB
ILE (T
LM)
MOBI
LE SA
T.(S
pace
to E
arth)
MARI
TIME
MOBI
LE S
AT.
(Spa
ce to
Eart
h)Mo
bile
(Aero
. TLM
)
MO
BILE
SAT
ELLI
TE (S
-E)
MOBIL
E SA
TELL
ITE(Sp
ace t
o Eart
h)AE
RONA
UTICA
L MOB
ILE S
ATEL
LITE
(R)
(spac
e to E
arth)
3.0
3.1
3.3
3.5
3.6
3.65
3.7
4.2
4.4
4.5
4.8
4.94
4.99
5.0
5.15
5.25
5.35
5.46
5.47
5.6
5.65
5.83
5.85
5.92
5
6.42
5
6.52
5
6.70
6.87
5
7.02
57.
075
7.12
5
7.19
7.23
57.
25
7.30
7.45
7.55
7.75
7.90
8.02
5
8.17
5
8.21
5
8.4
8.45
8.5
9.0
9.2
9.3
9.5
10.0
10.4
5
10.5
10.5
510
.6
10.6
8
10.7
11.7
12.2
12.7
12.7
5
13.2
513
.4
13.7
514
.0
14.2
14.4
14.4
714
.514
.714
5
15.1
365
15.3
5
15.4
15.4
3
15.6
315
.716
.6
17.1
17.2
17.3
17.7
17.8
18.3
18.6
18.8
19.3
19.7
20.1
20.2
21.2
21.4
22.0
22.2
122
.5
22.5
5
23.5
5
23.6
24.0
24.0
5
24.2
524
.45
24.6
5
24.7
5
25.0
5
25.2
525
.527
.0
27.5
29.5
29.9
30.0
ISM – 2450.0 ± 50 MHz
30.0
31.0
31.3
31.8
32.0
32.3
33.0
33.4
36.0
37.0
37.6
38.0
38.6
39.5
40.0
40.5
41.0
42.5
43.5
45.5
46.9
47.0
47.2
48.2
50.2
50.4
51.4
52.6
54.2
555
.78
56.9
57.0
58.2
59.0
59.3
64.0
65.0
66.0
71.0
74.0
75.5
76.0
77.0
77.5
78.0
81.0
84.0
86.0
92.0
95.0
100.
0
102.
0
105.
0
116.
0
119.
98
120.
02
126.
0
134.
0
142.
014
4.0
149.
0
150.
0
151.
0
164.
0
168.
0
170.
0
174.
5
176.
5
182.
0
185.
0
190.
0
200.
0
202.
0
217.
0
231.
0
235.
0
238.
0
241.
0
248.
0
250.
0
252.
0
265.
0
275.
0
300.
0
ISM – 5.8 ± .075 GHz
ISM – 915.0 ± 13 MHz
INTE
R-SA
TELL
ITE
RADI
OLOC
ATIO
NSA
TELL
ITE (E
-S)
AERO
NAUT
ICAL
RADI
ONAV
.
PLEASE NOTE: THE SPACING ALLOTTED THE SERVICES IN THE SPEC-TRUM SEGMENTS SHOWN IS NOT PROPORTIONAL TO THE ACTUAL AMOUNTOF SPECTRUM OCCUPIED.
AERONAUTICALMOBILE
AERONAUTICALMOBILE SATELLITE
AERONAUTICALRADIONAVIGATION
AMATEUR
AMATEUR SATELLITE
BROADCASTING
BROADCASTINGSATELLITE
EARTH EXPLORATIONSATELLITE
FIXED
FIXED SATELLITE
INTER-SATELLITE
LAND MOBILE
LAND MOBILESATELLITE
MARITIME MOBILE
MARITIME MOBILESATELLITE
MARITIMERADIONAVIGATION
METEOROLOGICALAIDS
METEOROLOGICALSATELLITE
MOBILE
MOBILE SATELLITE
RADIO ASTRONOMY
RADIODETERMINATIONSATELLITE
RADIOLOCATION
RADIOLOCATION SATELLITE
RADIONAVIGATION
RADIONAVIGATIONSATELLITE
SPACE OPERATION
SPACE RESEARCH
STANDARD FREQUENCYAND TIME SIGNAL
STANDARD FREQUENCYAND TIME SIGNAL SATELLITE
RADI
O A
STRO
NOM
Y
FIXED
MARITIME MOBILE
FIXED
MARITIMEMOBILE Aeronautical
Mobile
STAN
DARD
FRE
Q. A
ND T
IME
SIGN
AL (6
0 kH
z)FI
XED
Mob
ile*
STAN
D. F
REQ.
& T
IME
SIG.
MET.
AIDS
(Rad
ioson
de)
Spac
e Opn
. (S
-E)
MOBIL
E.SA
T. (S
-E)
Fixe
d
Stan
dard
Freq
. and
Time S
ignal
Satel
lite (E
-S)
FIXE
D
STAN
DARD
FRE
Q. A
ND T
IME
SIGN
AL (2
0 kH
z)
Amate
ur
MO
BIL
E
FIXE
D S
AT. (
E-S)
Spac
eRe
sear
ch
ALLOCATION USAGE DESIGNATION
SERVICE EXAMPLE DESCRIPTION
Primary FIXED Capital Letters
Secondary Mobi le 1st Capital with lower case letters
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCENational Telecommunications and Information AdministrationOffice of Spectrum Management
October 2003
MOB
ILE
BROA
DCAS
TING
TRAVELERS INFORMATION STATIONS (G) AT 1610 kHz
59-64 GHz IS DESIGNATED FORUNLICENSED DEVICES
Fixed
AE
RO
NA
UTI
CA
LR
AD
ION
AV
IGA
TIO
N
SPAC
E RE
SEAR
CH (P
assiv
e)
* EXCEPT AERO MOBILE (R)
** EXCEPT AERO MOBILE WAVELENGTH
BANDDESIGNATIONS
ACTIVITIES
FREQUENCY
3 x 107m 3 x 106m 3 x 105m 30,000 m 3,000 m 300 m 30 m 3 m 30 cm 3 cm 0.3 cm 0.03 cm 3 x 105Å 3 x 104Å 3 x 103Å 3 x 102Å 3 x 10Å 3Å 3 x 10-1Å 3 x 10-2Å 3 x 10-3Å 3 x 10-4Å 3 x 10-5Å 3 x 10-6Å 3 x 10-7Å
0 10 Hz 100 Hz 1 kHz 10 kHz 100 kHz 1 MHz 10 MHz 100 MHz 1 GHz 10 GHz 100 GHz 1 THz 1013Hz 1014Hz 1015Hz 1016Hz 1017Hz 1018Hz 1019Hz 1020Hz 1021Hz 1022Hz 1023Hz 1024Hz 1025Hz
THE RADIO SPECTRUMMAGNIFIED ABOVE3 kHz 300 GHz
VERY LOW FREQUENCY (VLF)Audible Range AM Broadcast FM Broadcast Radar Sub-Millimeter Visible Ultraviolet Gamma-ray Cosmic-ray
Infra-sonics Sonics Ultra-sonics Microwaves Infrared
P L S XC RadarBands
LF MF HF VHF UHF SHF EHF INFRARED VISIBLE ULTRAVIOLET X-RAY GAMMA-RAY COSMIC-RAY
X-ray
ALLOCATIONS
FREQUENCY
BR
OA
DC
AS
TIN
GF
IXE
DM
OB
ILE
*
BR
OA
DC
AS
TIN
GF
IXE
DB
RO
AD
CA
ST
ING
F
IXE
D
M
obile
FIX
ED
BR
OA
DC
AS
TIN
G
BROA
DCAS
TING
FIXE
D
FIXE
D
BRO
ADC
ASTI
NG
FIXE
DBR
OADC
ASTIN
GFI
XED
BROA
DCAS
TING
FIXE
D
BROA
DCAS
TING
FIXE
DBR
OADC
ASTIN
GFI
XED
BROA
DCAS
TING
FIXE
D
FIXE
D
FIXE
D
FIXE
DFI
XED
FIXE
D
LAN
DM
OBI
LE
FIXE
D
AERO
NAUT
ICAL
MO
BILE
(R)
AMAT
EUR
SATE
LLIT
EAM
ATEU
R MOB
ILE
SATE
LLIT
E (E
-S)
FIX
ED
Fixe
dM
obil
eR
adio
-lo
catio
nFI
XE
DM
OB
ILE
LAND
MOB
ILE
MAR
ITIM
E M
OBIL
E
FIXE
D L
AND
MOB
ILE
FIXE
D
LAND
MO
BILE
RA
DIO
NA
V-S
AT
ELL
ITE
FIXE
DM
OBI
LE
FIXE
D L
AND
MOB
ILE
MET.
AIDS
(Rad
io-so
nde)
SPAC
E OPN
. (S
-E)
Earth
Exp
l Sat
(E-S
)Me
t-Sate
llite (E
-S)
MET-S
AT.
(E-S
)EA
RTH
EXPL
SAT.
(E-S
)
Earth
Exp
l Sat
(E-S
)Me
t-Sate
llite (E
-S)
EART
H EX
PLSA
T. (E
-S)
MET-S
AT.
(E-S
)
LAND
MO
BILE
LAND
MO
BILE
FIXE
DLA
ND M
OBI
LEFI
XED
FIXE
D
FIXE
D L
AND
MOB
ILE
LAND
MO
BILE
FIXE
D L
AND
MOB
ILE
LAND
MO
BILE
LAN
D M
OBIL
E
LAND
MO
BILE
MO
BILE
FIXE
D
MO
BILE
FIXE
D
BRO
ADCA
STM
OBI
LEFI
XED
MO
BILE
FIXE
D
FIXE
DLA
ND M
OBI
LE LAND
MO
BILE
FIXE
DLA
ND M
OBI
LE AERO
NAUT
ICAL
MOB
ILE
AERO
NAUT
ICAL
MOB
ILE FIXE
DLA
ND M
OBI
LELA
ND M
OBI
LELA
ND M
OBI
LEFI
XED
LAND
MO
BILE
FIXE
DM
OB
ILE
FIXE
D
FIXE
DFI
XED
MO
BILE
FIXE
D
FIXE
DFI
XED
BRO
ADCA
ST
LAND
MO
BILE
LAND
MO
BILE
FIXE
DLA
ND M
OBI
LE
METE
OROL
OGIC
ALAI
DS
FXSp
ace r
es.
Radi
o As
tE-
Expl
Sat
FIXE
DM
OBI
LE**
MOB
ILE
SATE
LLIT
E (S
-E)
RADI
ODET
ERMI
NATI
ON S
AT. (
S-E)
Radio
locati
onM
OBI
LEFI
XED
Amat
eur
Radio
locati
on
AM
ATE
UR
FIXE
DM
OBI
LE
B-SA
TFX
MO
BFi
xed
Mob
ileRa
diol
ocat
ion
RA
DIO
LO
CA
TIO
N
MOB
ILE
**
Fixed
(TLM
)LA
ND M
OBI
LEFI
XED
(TLM
)LA
ND M
OBI
LE (
TLM
)FI
XED-
SAT
(S
-E)
FIXE
D (T
LM)
MOBI
LE
MOBI
LE SA
T.(S
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S..
This chart is a graphic single-point-in-time portrayal of the Table of Frequency Allocations used by theFCC and NTIA. As such, it does not completely reflect all aspects, i.e., footnotes and recent changesmade to the Table of Frequency Allocations. Therefore, for complete information, users should consult theTable to determine the current status of U.S. allocations.
http://www.ntia.doc.gov/osmhome/allochrt.pdf
http://www.fcc.gov/oet/spectrum/table/fcctable.pdf
Intro. 16
Radio spectrum—FCC Freq. alloc. (cont.)
U.S. DEPARTMENT O F C O MMERCE
NATIO
NA
L TELEC
OM
M
UN I C ATI O NS & INF O RM ATION
AD
MIN
ISTR
ATIO
N
MO
BILE
(AE
RONA
UTIC
AL T
ELEM
ETER
ING
)
S)
5.68
5.73
5.90
5.95
6.2
6.52
5
6.68
56.
765
7.0
7.1
7.3
7.35
8.1
8.19
5
8.81
5
8.96
59.
040
9.4
9.5
9.9
9.99
510
.003
10.0
0510
.110
.15
11.1
7511
.275
11.4
11.6
11.6
5
12.0
5
12.1
0
12.2
3
13.2
13.2
613
.36
13.4
113
.57
13.6
13.8
13.8
714
.014
.25
14.3
5
14.9
9015
.005
15.0
1015
.10
15.6
15.8
16.3
6
17.4
117
.48
17.5
5
17.9
17.9
718
.03
18.0
6818
.168
18.7
818
.919
.02
19.6
819
.80
19.9
9019
.995
20.0
0520
.010
21.0
21.4
521
.85
21.9
2422
.0
22.8
5523
.023
.223
.35
24.8
924
.99
25.0
05
25.0
125
.07
25.2
125
.33
25.5
525
.67
26.1
26.1
7526
.48
26.9
526
.96
27.2
327
.41
27.5
428
.0
29.7
29.8
29.8
929
.91
30.0
UNITED
STATES
THE RADIO SPECTRUM
NON-GOVERNMENT EXCLUSIVE
GOVERNMENT/ NON-GOVERNMENT SHAREDGOVERNMENT EXCLUSIVE
RADIO SERVICES COLOR LEGEND
ACTIVITY CODE
NOT ALLOCATED RADIONAVIGATION FIXED
MARITIME MOBILEFIXED
MARITIME MOBILE
FIXED
MARITIME MOBILE
Radiolocation RADIONAVIGATION
FIXED
MARITIMEMOBILE
Radiolocation
FIXED
MARITIMEMOBILE
FIXED
MARITIMEMOBILE
AERONAUTICALRADIONAVIGATION
AERO
NAUT
ICAL
RADI
ONAV
IGAT
ION
Aero
naut
ical
Mob
ileM
aritim
eRa
diona
vigat
ion(R
adio
Beac
ons)
MAR
ITIM
ERA
DION
AVIG
ATIO
N(R
ADIO
BEA
CONS
)
Aero
naut
ical
Radio
navig
ation
(Rad
io Be
acon
s)
3 9 14 19.9
5
20.0
5
30 30 59 61 70 90 110
130
160
190
200
275
285
300
3 kHz 300 kHz
300 kHz 3 MHz
3 MHz30 MHz
30 MHz 300 MHz
3 GHz
300 GHz
300 MHz
3 GHz
30 GHz
AeronauticalRadionavigation(Radio Beacons)
MARITIMERADIONAVIGATION(RADIO BEACONS)
Aero
naut
ical
Mob
ile
Mar
itime
Radio
navig
ation
(Rad
io Be
acon
s)
AERO
NAUT
ICAL
RADI
ONAV
IGAT
ION
(RAD
IO B
EACO
NS)
AERONAUTICALRADIONAVIGATION(RADIO BEACONS)
AeronauticalMobile
Aero
naut
ical M
obile
RADI
ONAV
IGAT
ION
AER
ONA
UTIC
ALRA
DIO
NAVI
GAT
ION
MAR
ITIM
EM
OBI
LE AeronauticalRadionavigation
MO
BILE
(DIS
TRES
S AN
D CA
LLIN
G)
MAR
ITIM
E M
OBI
LE
MAR
ITIM
EM
OBI
LE(S
HIPS
ONL
Y)
MO
BILE
AERO
NAUT
ICAL
RADI
ONA
VIG
ATIO
N(R
ADIO
BEA
CONS
)
AERO
NAUT
ICAL
RADI
ONAV
IGAT
ION
(RAD
IO B
EACO
NS)
BROADCASTING(AM RADIO)
MAR
ITIM
E M
OBIL
E (T
ELEP
HONY
)
MAR
ITIM
E M
OBIL
E (T
ELEP
HONY
) M
OBI
LE (D
ISTR
ESS
AND
CALL
ING
)
MARITIMEMOBILE
LAND MOBILE
MOBILE
FIXED STAN
DARD
FRE
Q. A
ND T
IME
SIGN
AL (2
500k
Hz)
STAN
DARD
FRE
Q. A
ND T
IME
SIGN
AL
Spac
e Re
sear
ch MARITIMEMOBILE
LAND MOBILE
MOBILE
FIXED
AERO
NAUT
ICAL
MOB
ILE
(R)
STAN
DARD
FRE
Q.
AERO
NAUT
ICAL
MOB
ILE
(R)
AERO
NAUT
ICAL
MOB
ILE
(OR)
AERO
NAUT
ICAL
MOB
ILE
(R)
FIXED
MOBILE**
Radio-location
FIXE
DM
OBI
LE*
AMATEUR
FIXE
D
FIXE
D
FIXE
D
FIXED
FIXE
DMARITIMEMOBILE
MO
BILE
*
MO
BILE
*
MO
BILE
STAN
DARD
FRE
Q. A
ND T
IME
SIGN
AL (5
000
KHZ)
AERO
NAUT
ICAL
MOB
ILE
(R)
AERO
NAUT
ICAL
MOB
ILE
(OR)
STAN
DARD
FRE
Q.Sp
ace
Rese
arch
MOBILE**
AERO
NAUT
ICAL
MO
BILE
(R)
AERO
NAUT
ICAL
MOB
ILE
(OR) FIX
ED
MO
BILE
*
BRO
ADCA
STIN
G
MAR
ITIM
E M
OBI
LE
AERO
NAUT
ICAL
MO
BILE
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(OR) FIXE
DM
obile
AMAT
EUR
SATE
LLIT
EAM
ATEU
R
AMAT
EUR
FIXED
Mobile
MAR
ITIM
E M
OBILE
MARITIMEMOBILE
AERO
NAUT
ICAL
MO
BILE
(R)
AERO
NAUT
ICAL
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ILE
(OR)
FIXE
D
BRO
ADCA
STIN
G
FIXE
DST
ANDA
RD F
REQ.
AND
TIM
E SI
GNAL
(10,
000
kHz)
STAN
DARD
FRE
Q.Sp
ace
Rese
arch
AERO
NAUT
ICAL
MOB
ILE
(R)
AMAT
EUR
FIXED
Mobile* AERO
NAUT
ICAL
MOB
ILE
(R)
AERO
NAUT
ICAL
MOB
ILE
(OR)
FIXE
D
FIXE
DBRO
ADCA
STIN
G
MAR
ITIM
EM
OBI
LE
AERO
NAUT
ICAL
MOB
ILE (R
)
AERO
NAUT
ICAL
MOB
ILE (O
R)
RADI
O AS
TRON
OMY
Mob
ile*
AMAT
EUR
BRO
ADCA
STIN
G
AMAT
EUR
AMAT
EUR
SATE
LLIT
E
Mob
ile*
FIXE
D
BRO
ADCA
STIN
G
STAN
DARD
FRE
Q. A
ND T
IME
SIGN
AL (1
5,00
0 kH
z)ST
ANDA
RD F
REQ.
Spac
e Re
sear
ch
FIXED
AERO
NAUT
ICAL
MOB
ILE
(OR)
MAR
ITIM
EM
OBI
LE
AERO
NAUT
ICAL
MOB
ILE
(OR)
AERO
NAUT
ICAL
MOB
ILE
(R)
FIXE
D
FIXE
D
BRO
ADCA
STIN
G
STAN
DARD
FRE
Q.Sp
ace
Rese
arch
FIXE
D
MAR
ITIM
E M
OBI
LE
Mob
ileFI
XED
AMAT
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AMAT
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SATE
LLIT
E
BRO
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STIN
GFI
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AERO
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ICAL
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(R)
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ITIM
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FIXE
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D
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MO
BILE
**
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D
STAN
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ND T
IME
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z)
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DARD
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Q.Sp
ace
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LAN
D M
OBI
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ARIT
IME
MO
BILE
LAN
D M
OBI
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OBI
LE**
RAD
IO A
STRO
NOM
YBR
OAD
CAST
ING
MAR
ITIM
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OBI
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AND
MO
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FIXE
D M
OBI
LE**
FIXE
D
MO
BILE
**
MO
BILE
FIXE
D
FIXE
D
FIXE
DFI
XED
FIXE
D
LAND
MOB
ILE
MO
BILE
**
AMAT
EUR
AMAT
EUR
SATE
LLIT
E
MO
BILE
LAN
D M
OBI
LE
MO
BILE
MO
BILE
FIXE
D
FIXE
D
MO
BILE
MO
BILE
FIXE
D
FIXE
D
LAN
DM
OBI
LE
LAN
DM
OBI
LE
LAN
DM
OBI
LE
LAND
MO
BILE
Radi
o As
trono
my
RADI
O AS
TRON
OMY
LAND
MO
BILE
FIXE
DFI
XED
MO
BILEMO
BILE
MOBILE
LAND
MO
BILE
FIXED
LAN
DM
OBI
LE
FIXE
D
FIXE
D
MO
BILE
MOBI
LE
LANDMOBILE AMATEUR
BROADCASTING(TV CHANNELS 2-4)
FIXE
DM
OBI
LE
FIXE
DM
OBI
LE
FIXE
DM
OBI
LEFI
XED
MO
BILE
AERO
NAUT
ICAL
RAD
IONA
VIG
ATIO
N
BROADCASTING(TV CHANNELS 5-6)
BROADCASTING(FM RADIO)
AERONAUTICALRADIONAVIGATION
AERO
NAUT
ICAL
MO
BILE
(R)
AERO
NAUT
ICAL
MO
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AERO
NAUT
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MO
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NAUT
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MO
BILE
(R)
AERO
NAUT
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MO
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(R)
AERO
NAUT
ICAL
MO
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(R)
MO
BILE
FIXE
DAM
ATEU
R
BROADCASTING(TV CHANNELS 7-13)
MOBILE
FIXED
MOBILE
FIXED
MOBILE SATELLITE
FIXED
MOBILESATELLITE
MOBILE
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MOBILESATELLITE
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FIXE
DM
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LE
AERO
NAUT
ICAL
RAD
IONA
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E RE
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e (E
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Y
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MO
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MeteorologicalSatellite (S-E)
LAND
MO
BILE
BR
OA
DC
AS
TIN
G
(TV
CH
AN
NE
LS 1
4 - 2
0)
BROADCASTING(TV CHANNELS 21-36)
TV BROADCASTINGRAD
IO A
STR
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Y
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FIXE
D
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eur
AERONAUTICALRADIONAVIGATION
MO
BILE
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ATION
Radio
locat
ion
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atio
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ONA
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ATIO
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atio
n
Radiolocation
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RADIO-LOCATION RADIO-
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und)
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locati
on
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. RAD
IO-
NAV.
(Grou
nd)
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SAT.
(S-E
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TION
Radio
-loc
ation
FIXED
FIXEDSATELLITE
(S-E)
FIXE
D
AERO
NAUT
ICAL
RAD
IONA
VIG
ATIO
N MO
BILE
FIXE
DM
OBI
LE
RADI
O A
STRO
NOM
YSp
ace
Rese
arch
(Pas
sive)
AERO
NAUT
ICAL
RAD
IONA
VIG
ATIO
N
RADI
O-
LOCA
TIO
NRa
dio-
loca
tion
RADI
ONA
VIG
ATIO
N
Radi
oloc
atio
n
RADI
OLO
CATI
ON
Radi
oloc
atio
n
Radi
oloc
atio
n
Radi
oloc
atio
n
RADI
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CATI
ON
RADI
O-
LOCA
TIO
N
MAR
ITIM
ERA
DIO
NAVI
GAT
ION
MAR
ITIM
ERA
DION
AVIG
ATIO
NM
ETEO
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LAI
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Amat
eur
Amat
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FIXED
FIXE
DSA
TELL
ITE
(E-S
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OBIL
E
FIXE
DSA
TELL
ITE
(E-S
)
FIXE
DSA
TELL
ITE
(E-S
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OB
ILE
FIXE
D FIXE
D
FIXE
D
FIXE
D
MOB
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FIXE
DSP
ACE
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(E-S
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XED
Fixe
dMO
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SATE
LLIT
E (S
-E)
FIXED
SAT
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E (S
-E)
FIXED
SAT
ELLIT
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-E)
FIXED
SATE
LLITE
(S-E
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XED
SATE
LLIT
E (S
-E)
FIXE
DSA
TELL
ITE
(E-S
)FI
XED
SATE
LLIT
E (E
-S) FIX
EDSA
TELL
ITE(E
-S) FIX
EDSA
TELL
ITE(E
-S)
FIXE
D
FIXE
D
FIXE
D
FIXE
D
FIXE
D
FIXE
D
FIXE
D
MET.
SATE
LLITE
(S-E
)Mo
bile
Satel
lite (S
-E)
Mobil
eSa
tellite
(S-E
)
Mobil
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(E-S
)(no
airb
orne)
Mobil
e Sa
tellite
(E-S
)(no
airbo
rne)
Mobil
e Sa
tellite
(S-E
)
Mobil
eSa
tellite
(E-S
)
MOB
ILE
SATE
LLIT
E (E
-S)
EART
H EX
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SATE
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(S-E
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SAT.
(S-E
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SATE
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MET.
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FIXE
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SPAC
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AERO
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VIG
ATIO
N
RADI
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CATI
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Radi
oloc
atio
n
Radi
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Radio
locat
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Radio
locat
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MAR
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DIO
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RADI
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RADI
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Radi
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RADI
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LOCA
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Radio
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Radio
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ateu
r
Amat
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Amat
eur
Sate
llite
RADI
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FIXE
D
FIXE
D
FIXED
FIX
EDFIXED
SATELLITE(S-E)
FIXEDSATELLITE
(S-E)
Mobile **
SPAC
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CH(P
assiv
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SPAC
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RADI
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ace
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arch
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ileSa
tellite
(E-S
)
Radio
-loc
ation
RADI
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(E-S
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Sate
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Land
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(E-S
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Mob
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SAT
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Fixe
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D
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SPAC
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.(P
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dioloc
ation
FX S
AT (
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(E-
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D
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FIX
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MO
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Earth
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Stan
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Freq
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-S)
Earth
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MO
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Earth
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FIX
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MO
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)
FIXE
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)
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-S)
Stan
dard
Freq
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dTim
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-E)
Stan
d. Fr
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and
Time
Sign
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(S-E
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MOB
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RADI
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SPAC
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RADI
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VIG
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Pass
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MO
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MOB
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Mob
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BR
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assiv
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SPAC
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ITE
RADI
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CATIO
N
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D
MOBILE
F IX E D
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(E-S)
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ITE
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FIXE
DFI
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SATE
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-S)
AMAT
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Sate
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RA
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FIXE
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(Passive)
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MOBILE
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ED
MOB
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DRA
DIO-
LOCA
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FIXE
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ITE
(E-S
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MOBILESATELLITE
RADIO-NAVIGATIONSATELLITE
RADIO-NAVIGATION
Radio-location
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XPL.
SATE
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ACE
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(Pas
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FIX
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FIX
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SATE
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-E)
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(Passive)
RADIOASTRONOMY
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SATELLITE(Passive)
FIXED
MOBILE
MO
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TER-
SATE
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E
RADIO-LOCATION
INTER-SATELLITE
Radio-location
MOBILE
MOBILESATELLITE
RADIO-NAVIGATION
RADIO-NAVIGATIONSATELLITE
AMAT
EUR
AMAT
EUR
SATE
LLIT
E
Amat
eur
Amat
eur S
atel
liteRA
DIO
-LO
CATI
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MOB
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FIXE
DFI
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SATE
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-E)
MOB
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FIXE
DFI
XED
SATE
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E(S
-E)
EART
HEX
PLOR
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NSA
TELL
ITE
(Pas
sive)
SPAC
E RE
S.(P
assiv
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SPAC
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S.(P
assiv
e)
RADI
OAS
TRON
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FIXEDSATELLITE
(S-E)
FIXED
MOB
ILE
FIXE
D
MOB
ILE
FIXE
D
MOB
ILE
FIXE
D
MOB
ILE
FIXE
D
MOB
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FIXE
D
SPAC
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SEAR
CH(P
assiv
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SATE
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assiv
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assiv
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SPAC
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SEAR
CH(P
assiv
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TER-
SATE
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EINTE
R-SA
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ITE
INTE
R-SA
TELL
ITE
INTE
R-SA
TELL
ITE
MOBILE
MOBILE
MOB
ILEMOBILE
SATELLITE
RADIO-NAVIGATION
RADIO-NAVIGATIONSATELLITE
FIXEDSATELLITE
(E-S)
FIXED
FIXE
DEA
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EXPL
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SAT.
(Pas
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SPAC
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SPACERESEARCH
(Passive)
RADIOASTRONOMY
EARTHEXPLORATION
SATELLITE(Passive)
MOB
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FIXE
D
MOB
ILE
FIXE
D
MOB
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FIXE
D
FIXE
DSA
TELL
ITE
(S-E
)
FIXE
DSA
TELL
ITE(
S-E) FI
XED
SATE
LLIT
E (S
-E)
EART
H EX
PL.
SAT.
(Pas
sive)
SPAC
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S.(P
assiv
e)
Radio
-loc
ation
Radio
-loc
ation
RADI
O-LO
CATI
ON
AMAT
EUR
AMAT
EUR
SATE
LLIT
E
Amat
eur
Amat
eur S
atel
lite
EART
H EX
PLOR
ATIO
NSA
TELL
ITE
(Pas
sive)
SPAC
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S. (P
assiv
e)
MOBILE
MOBILESATELLITE
RADIO-NAVIGATION
RADIO-NAVIGATIONSATELLITE
MOBILE
MOBILE
FIXED
RADIO-ASTRONOMY
FIXEDSATELLITE
(E-S)
FIXED
3.0
3.02
5
3.15
5
3.23
0
3.4
3.5
4.0
4.06
3
4.43
8
4.65
4.7
4.75
4.85
4.99
55.
003
5.00
55.
060
5.45
MARITIMEMOBILE
AMAT
EUR
AMAT
EUR
SATE
LLIT
EFI
XED
Mob
ileM
ARIT
IME
MOB
ILE
STAN
DARD
FRE
QUEN
CY &
TIM
E SI
GNAL
(20,
000
KHZ)
Spac
e Re
sear
ch
AERO
NAUT
ICAL
MOB
ILE
(OR)
AMAT
EUR
SATE
LLIT
EAM
ATEU
R
MET.
SAT.
(S-E
)MO
B. S
AT. (S
-E)
SPAC
E RE
S. (S
-E)
SPAC
E OP
N. (S
-E)
MET.
SAT.
(S-E
)Mo
b. Sa
t. (S-
E)SP
ACE
RES.
(S-E
)SP
ACE
OPN.
(S-E
)ME
T. SA
T. (S
-E)
MOB.
SAT
. (S-E
)SP
ACE
RES.
(S-E
)SP
ACE
OPN.
(S-E
)ME
T. SA
T. (S
-E)
Mob.
Sat. (
S-E)
SPAC
E RE
S. (S
-E)
SPAC
E OP
N. (S
-E)
MOBILE
FIXED
FIXE
DLa
nd M
obile
FIXE
DMO
BILE
LAN
D M
OBIL
E
LAN
D MO
BILE
MAR
ITIM
E MO
BILE
MAR
ITIM
E MO
BILE
MAR
ITIM
E M
OBIL
E
MAR
ITIM
E MO
BILE
LAN
D M
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E
FIXE
DM
OBI
LEMO
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SATE
LLITE
(E-S
)
Radi
oloc
atio
nRa
dioloc
ation
LAND
MOB
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R
MOB
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ATEL
LITE
(E-S
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ADIO
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GATI
ON S
ATEL
LITE
MET
. AID
S(R
adios
onde
)
MET
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LOGI
CAL
AIDS
(RAD
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SPAC
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RCH
(S-S
)FI
XED
MO
BILE
LAND
MO
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FIXE
DLA
ND M
OBI
LE
FIXE
DFI
XED
RADI
O A
STRO
NOM
Y
RADI
O A
STRO
NOM
YM
ETEO
ROLO
GIC
ALAI
DS (R
ADIO
SOND
E)
MET
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LOG
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AIDS
(Rad
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MET
EORO
LOG
ICAL
SATE
LLIT
E (s
-E)
Fixed
FIXED
MET. SAT.(s-E)
FIX
ED
FIXE
D
AERO
NAUT
ICAL
MOB
ILE S
ATEL
LITE
(R) (
spac
e to
Earth
)
AERO
NAUT
ICAL
RAD
IONA
VIGAT
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RADIO
NAV.
SATE
LLITE
(Spa
ce to
Eart
h)
AERO
NAUT
ICAL M
OBILE
SAT
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E (R
)(sp
ace t
o Eart
h)Mo
bile S
atellite
(S-
E)
RADI
O DE
T. SA
T. (E
-S)
MO
BILE
SAT(
E-S)
AERO
. RAD
IONA
VIGAT
ION
AERO
. RAD
IONA
V.AE
RO. R
ADIO
NAV.
RADI
O DE
T. SA
T. (E
-S)
RADI
O DE
T. SA
T. (E
-S)
MOBIL
E SA
T. (E
-S)
MOBIL
E SAT
. (E-S
)Mo
bile S
at. (S
-E)
RADI
O AS
TRON
OMY
RADI
O A
STRO
NOM
Y M
OBIL
E SA
T. (
E-S)
FIXE
DM
OBI
LE
FIXE
D
FIXE
D(L
OS)
MOBI
LE(LO
S)SP
ACE
RESE
ARCH
(s-E)
(s-s)
SPAC
EOP
ERAT
ION
(s-E)
(s-s)
EART
HEX
PLOR
ATIO
NSA
T. (s-
E)(s-
s)
Amat
eur
MO
BILE
Fixe
dRA
DIOL
OCAT
ION
AMAT
EUR
RADI
O A
STRO
N.SP
ACE
RES
EAR
CH
EART
H E
XPL
SAT
FIXE
D SA
T. (S
-E)
FIXED
MOBILE
FIXEDSATELLITE (S-E)
FIXE
DM
OBIL
EFI
XED
SATE
LLIT
E (E
-S)
FIXE
DSA
TELL
ITE
(E-S
)M
OBIL
EFI
XED
SPAC
ERE
SEAR
CH (S
-E)
(Dee
p Sp
ace) AE
RONA
UTIC
AL R
ADIO
NAVI
GATI
ON
EART
HEX
PL. S
AT.
(Pas
sive)
300
325
335
405
415
435
495
505
510
525
535
1605
1615
1705
1800
1900
2000
2065
2107
2170
2173
.521
90.5
2194
2495
2501
2502
2505
2850
3000
RADIO-LOCATION
BROA
DCAS
TING
FIXED
MOBILE
AMAT
EUR
RADI
OLOC
ATIO
N
MOB
ILE
FIXE
DM
ARIT
IME
MOB
ILE
MAR
ITIM
E M
OBIL
E (T
ELEP
HONY
)
MARI
TIME
MOBI
LELA
NDMO
BILE
MOBI
LEFI
XED
30.0
30.5
6
32.0
33.0
34.0
35.0
36.0
37.0
37.5
38.0
38.2
5
39.0
40.0
42.0
43.6
9
46.6
47.0
49.6
50.0
54.0
72.0
73.0
74.6
74.8
75.2
75.4
76.0
88.0
108.
0
117.
975
121.
9375
123.
0875
123.
5875
128.
8125
132.
0125
136.
0
137.
013
7.02
513
7.17
513
7.82
513
8.0
144.
014
6.0
148.
014
9.9
150.
05
150.
815
2.85
5
154.
0
156.
2475
157.
0375
157.
1875
157.
4516
1.57
516
1.62
516
1.77
516
2.01
25
173.
217
3.4
174.
0
216.
0
220.
022
2.0
225.
0
235.
0
300
ISM – 6.78 ± .015 MHz ISM – 13.560 ± .007 MHz ISM – 27.12 ± .163 MHz
ISM – 40.68 ± .02 MHz
ISM – 24.125 ± 0.125 GHz 30 GHz
ISM – 245.0 ± 1GHzISM – 122.5 ± .500 GHzISM – 61.25 ± .250 GHz
300.
0
322.
0
328.
6
335.
4
399.
9
400.
0540
0.15
401.
0
402.
0
403.
040
6.0
406.
1
410.
0
420.
0
450.
045
4.0
455.
045
6.0
460.
046
2.53
7546
2.73
7546
7.53
7546
7.73
7547
0.0
512.
0
608.
061
4.0
698
746
764
776
794
806
821
824
849
851
866
869
894
896
9019
0190
2
928
929
930
931
932
935
940
941
944
960
1215
1240
1300
1350
1390
1392
1395
2000
2020
2025
2110
2155
2160
2180
2200
2290
2300
2305
2310
2320
2345
2360
2385
2390
2400
2417
2450
2483
.525
0026
5526
9027
00
2900
3000
1400
1427
1429
.5
1430
1432
1435
1525
1530
1535
1544
1545
1549
.5
1558
.515
5916
1016
10.6
1613
.816
26.5
1660
1660
.516
68.4
1670
1675
1700
1710
1755
1850
MARI
TIME
MOBIL
E SA
TELL
ITE(sp
ace t
o Eart
h)MO
BILE
SATE
LLITE
(S-E)
RADI
OLO
CATI
ON
RADI
ONA
VIG
ATIO
NSA
TELL
ITE
(S-E
)
RADI
OLO
CATI
ON
Amat
eur
Radi
oloc
atio
nAE
RONA
UTIC
ALRA
DIO
NAVI
GAT
ION
SPA
CE
RESE
ARCH
( Pa
ssive
)EA
RTH
EXP
L SA
T (Pa
ssive
)RA
DIO
A
STRO
NOMY
MO
BILE
MOB
ILE
**FI
XED-
SAT
(E
-S)
FIXE
D
FIXE
D FIXE
D**
LAND
MOB
ILE (T
LM)
MOBI
LE SA
T.(S
pace
to E
arth)
MARI
TIME
MOBI
LE S
AT.
(Spa
ce to
Eart
h)Mo
bile
(Aero
. TLM
)
MO
BILE
SAT
ELLI
TE (S
-E)
MOBIL
E SA
TELL
ITE(Sp
ace t
o Eart
h)AE
RONA
UTICA
L MOB
ILE S
ATEL
LITE
(R)
(spac
e to E
arth)
3.0
3.1
3.3
3.5
3.6
3.65
3.7
4.2
4.4
4.5
4.8
4.94
4.99
5.0
5.15
5.25
5.35
5.46
5.47
5.6
5.65
5.83
5.85
5.92
5
6.42
5
6.52
5
6.70
6.87
5
7.02
57.
075
7.12
5
7.19
7.23
57.
25
7.30
7.45
7.55
7.75
7.90
8.02
5
8.17
5
8.21
5
8.4
8.45
8.5
9.0
9.2
9.3
9.5
10.0
10.4
5
10.5
10.5
510
.6
10.6
8
10.7
11.7
12.2
12.7
12.7
5
13.2
513
.4
13.7
514
.0
14.2
14.4
14.4
714
.514
.714
5
15.1
365
15.3
5
15.4
15.4
3
15.6
315
.716
.6
17.1
17.2
17.3
17.7
17.8
18.3
18.6
18.8
19.3
19.7
20.1
20.2
21.2
21.4
22.0
22.2
122
.5
22.5
5
23.5
5
23.6
24.0
24.0
5
24.2
524
.45
24.6
5
24.7
5
25.0
5
25.2
525
.527
.0
27.5
29.5
29.9
30.0
ISM – 2450.0 ± 50 MHz
30.0
31.0
31.3
31.8
32.0
32.3
33.0
33.4
36.0
37.0
37.6
38.0
38.6
39.5
40.0
40.5
41.0
42.5
43.5
45.5
46.9
47.0
47.2
48.2
50.2
50.4
51.4
52.6
54.2
555
.78
56.9
57.0
58.2
59.0
59.3
64.0
65.0
66.0
71.0
74.0
75.5
76.0
77.0
77.5
78.0
81.0
84.0
86.0
92.0
95.0
100.
0
102.
0
105.
0
116.
0
119.
98
120.
02
126.
0
134.
0
142.
014
4.0
149.
0
150.
0
151.
0
164.
0
168.
0
170.
0
174.
5
176.
5
182.
0
185.
0
190.
0
200.
0
202.
0
217.
0
231.
0
235.
0
238.
0
241.
0
248.
0
250.
0
252.
0
265.
0
275.
0
300.
0
ISM – 5.8 ± .075 GHz
ISM – 915.0 ± 13 MHz
INTE
R-SA
TELL
ITE
RADI
OLOC
ATIO
NSA
TELL
ITE (E
-S)
AERO
NAUT
ICAL
RADI
ONAV
.
PLEASE NOTE: THE SPACING ALLOTTED THE SERVICES IN THE SPEC-TRUM SEGMENTS SHOWN IS NOT PROPORTIONAL TO THE ACTUAL AMOUNTOF SPECTRUM OCCUPIED.
AERONAUTICALMOBILE
AERONAUTICALMOBILE SATELLITE
AERONAUTICALRADIONAVIGATION
AMATEUR
AMATEUR SATELLITE
BROADCASTING
BROADCASTINGSATELLITE
EARTH EXPLORATIONSATELLITE
FIXED
FIXED SATELLITE
INTER-SATELLITE
LAND MOBILE
LAND MOBILESATELLITE
MARITIME MOBILE
MARITIME MOBILESATELLITE
MARITIMERADIONAVIGATION
METEOROLOGICALAIDS
METEOROLOGICALSATELLITE
MOBILE
MOBILE SATELLITE
RADIO ASTRONOMY
RADIODETERMINATIONSATELLITE
RADIOLOCATION
RADIOLOCATION SATELLITE
RADIONAVIGATION
RADIONAVIGATIONSATELLITE
SPACE OPERATION
SPACE RESEARCH
STANDARD FREQUENCYAND TIME SIGNAL
STANDARD FREQUENCYAND TIME SIGNAL SATELLITE
RADI
O A
STRO
NOM
Y
FIXED
MARITIME MOBILE
FIXED
MARITIMEMOBILE Aeronautical
Mobile
STAN
DARD
FRE
Q. A
ND T
IME
SIGN
AL (6
0 kH
z)FI
XED
Mob
ile*
STAN
D. F
REQ.
& T
IME
SIG.
MET.
AIDS
(Rad
ioson
de)
Spac
e Opn
. (S
-E)
MOBIL
E.SA
T. (S
-E)
Fixe
d
Stan
dard
Freq
. and
Time S
ignal
Satel
lite (E
-S)
FIXE
D
STAN
DARD
FRE
Q. A
ND T
IME
SIGN
AL (2
0 kH
z)
Amate
ur
MO
BIL
E
FIXE
D S
AT. (
E-S)
Spac
eRe
sear
ch
ALLOCATION USAGE DESIGNATION
SERVICE EXAMPLE DESCRIPTION
Primary FIXED Capital Letters
Secondary Mobi le 1st Capital with lower case letters
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCENational Telecommunications and Information AdministrationOffice of Spectrum Management
October 2003
MOB
ILE
BROA
DCAS
TING
TRAVELERS INFORMATION STATIONS (G) AT 1610 kHz
59-64 GHz IS DESIGNATED FORUNLICENSED DEVICES
Fixed
AE
RO
NA
UTI
CA
LR
AD
ION
AV
IGA
TIO
N
SPAC
E RE
SEAR
CH (P
assiv
e)
* EXCEPT AERO MOBILE (R)
** EXCEPT AERO MOBILE WAVELENGTH
BANDDESIGNATIONS
ACTIVITIES
FREQUENCY
3 x 107m 3 x 106m 3 x 105m 30,000 m 3,000 m 300 m 30 m 3 m 30 cm 3 cm 0.3 cm 0.03 cm 3 x 105Å 3 x 104Å 3 x 103Å 3 x 102Å 3 x 10Å 3Å 3 x 10-1Å 3 x 10-2Å 3 x 10-3Å 3 x 10-4Å 3 x 10-5Å 3 x 10-6Å 3 x 10-7Å
0 10 Hz 100 Hz 1 kHz 10 kHz 100 kHz 1 MHz 10 MHz 100 MHz 1 GHz 10 GHz 100 GHz 1 THz 1013Hz 1014Hz 1015Hz 1016Hz 1017Hz 1018Hz 1019Hz 1020Hz 1021Hz 1022Hz 1023Hz 1024Hz 1025Hz
THE RADIO SPECTRUMMAGNIFIED ABOVE3 kHz 300 GHz
VERY LOW FREQUENCY (VLF)Audible Range AM Broadcast FM Broadcast Radar Sub-Millimeter Visible Ultraviolet Gamma-ray Cosmic-ray
Infra-sonics Sonics Ultra-sonics Microwaves Infrared
P L S XC RadarBands
LF MF HF VHF UHF SHF EHF INFRARED VISIBLE ULTRAVIOLET X-RAY GAMMA-RAY COSMIC-RAY
X-ray
ALLOCATIONS
FREQUENCY
BR
OA
DC
AS
TIN
GF
IXE
DM
OB
ILE
*
BR
OA
DC
AS
TIN
GF
IXE
DB
RO
AD
CA
ST
ING
F
IXE
D
M
obile
FIX
ED
BR
OA
DC
AS
TIN
G
BROA
DCAS
TING
FIXE
D
FIXE
D
BRO
ADC
ASTI
NG
FIXE
DBR
OADC
ASTIN
GFI
XED
BROA
DCAS
TING
FIXE
D
BROA
DCAS
TING
FIXE
DBR
OADC
ASTIN
GFI
XED
BROA
DCAS
TING
FIXE
D
FIXE
D
FIXE
D
FIXE
DFI
XED
FIXE
D
LAN
DM
OBI
LE
FIXE
D
AERO
NAUT
ICAL
MO
BILE
(R)
AMAT
EUR
SATE
LLIT
EAM
ATEU
R MOB
ILE
SATE
LLIT
E (E
-S)
FIX
ED
Fixe
dM
obil
eR
adio
-lo
catio
nFI
XE
DM
OB
ILE
LAND
MOB
ILE
MAR
ITIM
E M
OBIL
E
FIXE
D L
AND
MOB
ILE
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D
LAND
MO
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RA
DIO
NA
V-S
AT
ELL
ITE
FIXE
DM
OBI
LE
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D L
AND
MOB
ILE
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(Rad
io-so
nde)
SPAC
E OPN
. (S
-E)
Earth
Exp
l Sat
(E-S
)Me
t-Sate
llite (E
-S)
MET-S
AT.
(E-S
)EA
RTH
EXPL
SAT.
(E-S
)
Earth
Exp
l Sat
(E-S
)Me
t-Sate
llite (E
-S)
EART
H EX
PLSA
T. (E
-S)
MET-S
AT.
(E-S
)
LAND
MO
BILE
LAND
MO
BILE
FIXE
DLA
ND M
OBI
LEFI
XED
FIXE
D
FIXE
D L
AND
MOB
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LAND
MO
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FIXE
D L
AND
MOB
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LAND
MO
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LAN
D M
OBIL
E
LAND
MO
BILE
MO
BILE
FIXE
D
MO
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FIXE
D
BRO
ADCA
STM
OBI
LEFI
XED
MO
BILE
FIXE
D
FIXE
DLA
ND M
OBI
LE LAND
MO
BILE
FIXE
DLA
ND M
OBI
LE AERO
NAUT
ICAL
MOB
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AERO
NAUT
ICAL
MOB
ILE FIXE
DLA
ND M
OBI
LELA
ND M
OBI
LELA
ND M
OBI
LEFI
XED
LAND
MO
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FIXE
DM
OB
ILE
FIXE
D
FIXE
DFI
XED
MO
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FIXE
D
FIXE
DFI
XED
BRO
ADCA
ST
LAND
MO
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LAND
MO
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FIXE
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ND M
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LE
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OGIC
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ace r
es.
Radi
o As
tE-
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Sat
FIXE
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LLIT
E (S
-E)
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ODET
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NATI
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AT. (
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locati
onM
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ATE
UR
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ileRa
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CA
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N
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**
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(TLM
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(S
-E)
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LM)
MOBI
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T.(S
pace
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arth)
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*
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obile
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TE
LL
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ITIM
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ATEL
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FIX
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ARIT
IME
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AT (S
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Radio
-loc
ation
RADI
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AT
.(E
-S)
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obile
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AT.(E
-S)
L M
Sat(E
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RA
DIO
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FIXE
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T (E
-S)
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NAUT
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e Re
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t.)
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Radio
loc.
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atSp
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locati
onBC
ST
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(S-
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LLIT
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PL. S
AT.
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AT (
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E RE
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ITE
(S-E
)
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(S-E
)
FIXE
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ITE
(S-E
)MO
BILE
SAT
. (S-
E)
FX S
AT (
S-E)
MO
BILE
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TE (
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FX S
AT (
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STD
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Q. &
TIM
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BILE
SAT
(S-E
)
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H EX
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AT.
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ACE
RES. FI
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MO
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FIX
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PL. S
AT.
FIX
ED
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AD.A
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ACE
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BIL
E
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R-SA
TELL
ITE
FIX
ED
RADI
O AS
TRON
OMY
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E RE
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assi
ve)
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LLIT
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Radio
-loc
ation
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urRA
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TION
Earth
Ex
pl.Sa
telli
te(A
ctiv
e)
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ED
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ITE
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ONAV
IGAT
ION
RADI
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ATIO
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SAT
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E (E-
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TER-
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IGAT
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E (E
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ITE
(E-S
)
MO
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DEa
rth
Explo
ratio
nSa
tellit
e (S
-S)
std fre
q &
time
e-e
-sat
(s-s
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OB
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FIX
ED
e-e
-sat
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BIL
E
SPAC
ERE
SEAR
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eep
spac
e)
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ONA
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ATIO
NIN
TER
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TSP
ACE
RES
.
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ED
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AC
ER
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ATEL
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TM
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t (s
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MO
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MO
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T(E-
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MO
BIL
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D
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R-
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E RE
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AR
TH-E
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E RE
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OB
ILE
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ED
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HEX
PLOR
ATIO
NSA
T. (P
assiv
e)S
PA
CE
RES
.M
OB
ILE
FIX
ED
INTE
R-
SAT
FIX
ED
MO
BIL
E
INTE
R-SA
TRA
DIO-
LOC.
MO
BIL
EFI
XE
DEA
RTH
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ORAT
ION
SAT.
(Pas
sive)
MOB
ILE
FIX
ED
INTE
R-SA
TELL
ITE
FIX
ED
MO
BIL
E**
MO
BIL
E**
INTE
R-SA
TELL
ITE
MO
BIL
EIN
TER-
SATE
LLIT
E
RAD
IOLO
C.
Amat
eur
Am
ateu
r Sat
.Am
ateu
rR
ADIO
LOC
.A
MA
TEU
R S
AT
AMAT
EUR
RAD
IOLO
C.
SPAC
ERE
SEAR
CH(P
assiv
e)
EART
HEX
PL S
AT.
(Pas
sive)
FIX
ED
MO
BIL
EIN
TER-
SATE
LLIT
ESP
ACE
RESE
ARCH
(Pas
sive)
EART
HEX
PL S
AT.
(Pas
sive)
Amatu
erFI
XE
DM
O-
BILE
INTE
R-SA
T.SP
ACE
RES.
E A R T
H EX
PL . S
AT
INTE
R-SA
TELL
ITE
INTE
R-SA
T.IN
TER-
SAT.
MO
BILE
FIXE
D
FX-S
AT
(S -
E)
BCST
- SA
T.B-
SAT
.M
OB
**FX
-SA
T
SPAC
E RE
SEAR
CH
SPAC
ERE
S..
This chart is a graphic single-point-in-time portrayal of the Table of Frequency Allocations used by theFCC and NTIA. As such, it does not completely reflect all aspects, i.e., footnotes and recent changesmade to the Table of Frequency Allocations. Therefore, for complete information, users should consult theTable to determine the current status of U.S. allocations.
