Wireless InterOp Architectureand DesignRobert Burchard

Grid-Interop 2010

Agenda

Smart Grid Concepts

Use Cases

Architectural & Design Overview & Considerations Network Overview (BH, WWAN,

WLAN, WHAN)

Solution Components Overview Service Delivery Design & Implementation Network Management

Industrial Radios & Carrier-

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WLAN, WHAN) Coverage and Capacity Equipment Specifications Indicative Build-outs

Application Solutions & Profiles

Equipment Mapping to Applications

Industrial Radios & Carrier-grade Equipment

Grid-Interop 2010

Smart Grid Communications

The U.S. Department of Energy assigns the following characteristics to smart grid: Self-healing from power disturbance events Enabling active participation by consumers in demand response Operating resiliently against physical and cyber attack Providing power quality for 21st century needs Accommodating all generation and storage options Accommodating all generation and storage options Enabling new products, services, and markets; and Optimizing assets and operating efficiently

Communications to accomplish Secure two-way high-speed communications

Grid-Interop 2010

Smart Grid Solutions

Grid Virtualization AMI/AMR Distribution Automation Substation Automation (Last Mile) Secure SCADA / DCS / Telemetry

Demand Response / Management

Condition-Based Maintenance

Physical Security and Access Management Physical Security and Access Management

Workforce Empowerment & Mobility VOIP / Internet TMR / AVL / GIS

Governance & Compliance NERC, FERC, 2005 EPA, DHS-NIMS, CPNI

Increased throughput, resiliency and response* Source Chartwell

Grid-Interop 2010

Focus on Performance

Design goals Flexibility Today's needs Growth Standards applied

Visibility Network ‘At a glance’ Performance ‘At a glance’ Performance ‘At a glance’ M2M, M2P

Interoperability Legacy needs Industry trends Enable emerging applications

Grid-Interop 2010

Architectural & Design Overview & ConsiderationsNetwork Overview (BH, WWAN, WLAN, WHAN)

GenerationStation

TransmissionLines

TransmissionSubstation

LocalDistribution

DirectCustomer

DistributionStation

Corporate HQ

WBH WWANWLAN WHAN

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Arcadian Networks

Operations Center (NOC)

Fiber or 700MHz

MicrowaveBackhaul

700 MHzPt-Multi-Pt CPE

700 MHzPt-Multi-Pt Mesh

700 MHzPt-Multi-Pt

Basestation

700 MHzPt-Multi-Pt CPE

SubstationAutomation

DistributionAutomation

AMITransmissionAutomation

Energy Management

System

VOIP AVL / GIS TMRWorkorder

Management

Grid-Interop 2010

Smart Grid Interoperability Advantages

Headquarters

700 MHzPt-Multi-Pt

CPE

WLAN

StorageTerminals

VSAT Backhaul

WWAN

?

?

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Oil Platforms

700 MHzPt-Multi-Pt Repeater/

Mesh CPEs

Transmission /DistributionAutomation

Oil Well AMR

WLAN

WLAN

WiFi equivalent Mesh

700 MHz Broadband

Fiber or MicrowaveBackhaul

700 MHzPt-Multi-Pt

Basestation

Arcadian Networks

Operations Center (NOC)

?

?

End–to-end interoperability Grid-Interop 2010

Spectrum Management Supports Standards Based PtMP (Point-to-Multipoint)

Broadband IP/SCADA Serial SCADA Dedicated Channels Shared Channels Mesh/Repeater Data privacy Layered security

AMR / Asset Management

PTT Voice / Mobile Data

AMI / SCADA Mesh / Nomadic

8 © 2007 Arcadian Networks. All rights reserved.

12.5

kH

z

757 – 758 MHz

25 k

Hz

50 k

Hz

50 k

Hz

100

to 3

30 k

Hz

100

to 3

30 k

Hz

25 k

Hz

25 k

Hz

50 k

Hz

50 k

Hz

100

to 3

30 k

Hz

12.5

kH

z

25 k

Hz

25 k

Hz

12.5

kH

z12

.5 k

Hz

25 k

Hz

AMI / SCADA Mesh / Nomadic

M2M Broadband Fixed / Nomadic

•Broadband IP - Up to 2.4 Mbs•Serial •Serial •Mesh •Mesh

Grid-Interop 2010

IP Foundation

IP Enables Flat Network Intranet end-to-end IT and Communications – now same language Standards now deployable

Collected Data Collected Data Payload - Use/needs specific delivery Network statistics - Use/needs specific delivery Backup duplication in Real-Time

Interoperability Legacy needs Industry trends Enable emerging applications Seamless delivery of Company-Wide Security policies

Grid-Interop 2010

Smart Grid Zoned Security – IP Addressing & VLANs

TransmissionLines

Customer OwnedTransmission

LocalDistribution

DirectCustomer

GenerationStation

TransformerStation

MunicipalStation

LocalDistribution Center

Customer Service

EngineeringIT / Admin / Security Transmission

Distribution

Corporate HQ

AN Network Management

•Options: logical IP segregation by Region or Technology:VLAN segregation by “network”: security, users, network management

Grid-Interop 2010

Grid-Interop 2010

Application Solutions & Profiles

Grid-Interop 2010

Integrated IP Network Consolidation Consolidation leads to: Lower total cost of ownership Reduced complexity

Secure 700MHz Wireless Platform

Increased service level availability Grouping by application types/use Greater reliance on individual systems

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Asset Management

OMS/DMS

Recl

oser

s

Faul

t Ind

icat

ors

Capa

cito

r Ban

ks

Regu

lato

rs

Dis

trib

utio

n Tr

ansf

orm

ers

AMI

Conc

entr

ator

Ba

ckha

ul

Command & Control

SCAD

A

Gas

Field Force Mobility

Mis

sion

Crit

ical

M

obile

Dat

a

Secu

re W

i-Fi H

ot

Zone

s

Mob

ile A

sset

M

gt.

Customer Requirements Grid-Interop 2010

Data Integration Example SCADA RTUs

Meters MV90 and real time

SEL 2030 interface to relays

VoIP Phone

WiFi Access Point

Load management transmitters (where the transmitter is not on the

14

Load management transmitters (where the transmitter is not on the communications backbone)

AMR/AMI Backhaul – PLC, wireless

Remote Generators (customer premises)

Security (video, card key access – future)

•Courtesy of Great River Energy Grid-Interop 2010

Architectural & Design Overview & Considerations Indicative Build-outs

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Architectural & Design Overview & ConsiderationsIndicative Build-outs

16 © 2007 Arcadian Networks. All rights reserved. Grid-Interop 2010

Architectural & Design Overview & ConsiderationsIndicative Build-outs

17 © 2007 Arcadian Networks. All rights reserved. Grid-Interop 2010

Architectural & Design Overview & ConsiderationsIndicative Build-outs

18 © 2007 Arcadian Networks. All rights reserved. Grid-Interop 2010

Application Solutions – Electric Utilities Corporate, Industrial & Agricultural AMI for Load and Outage Management

Meter can be connected directly to radio or via a concentrator for bi-directional communications

Equipment can be placed in NEMA enclosure if it requiresprotection from the elements

Radio or concentrator connects to broadband network

Data is routed via private 700MHz backhaul WWAN

12

3

4

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Data is routed via private 700MHz backhaul WWAN

1 432

4

Grid-Interop 2010

Estimating & Planning

Grid-Interop 2010

Project Management:Four-Phase Iterative Methodology

Conception

Definition

Execution

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Conception

Operations

Execution

Grid-Interop 2010

Architectural & Design Overview & ConsiderationsCoverage & Capacity

Coverage Base station Antenna Height Coverage Area

ROM Coverage Simulation Site Visits

CPE End-point Antenna Height Frequency

Capacity Application Requirements # of Intelligent End Devices Reading intervals # of Bytes per read Maximum Latency Tolerable

Equipment Capabilities

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Frequency 700MHz, 2.4GHz, 3.65GHz,

5.8GHz Noise-floor dB, determines power CPE end-

point radio needs to “hear” a base station at the given base station power and antenna height

Equipment Capabilities # of Base stations / Sectors Payload Duty Cycle Bits/hertz Serial / Ethernet

Maximum radios per channel

Grid-Interop 2010

ROM Decision Points

Coverage and capacity concepts are relevant for all technologies

Bandwidth, range, channel size, data rate

Private Consumer IP or Serial

Attributes/symptoms differ by technology

Consumer networks are more difficult to model due to limited visibility and control over to components and inputs

Grid-Interop 2010

Architectural & Design Overview & ConsiderationsEquipment Specifications

Specifications Channel Bandwidth (kHz): spectrum available & frequency planning Modulation: defines bit/hz, data rate potential, and performance thresholds

Data rate / channel (kb/s) Combined with bandwidth defines receiver (Tx) sensitivity

Duplex: Frequency division: Tx and Rx simultaneously – requires more spectrum for data rate

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Frequency division: Tx and Rx simultaneously – requires more spectrum for data rate Time Division: Tx and RX share time – use caution when co-locating devices

Power: combined with Rx sensitivity gives link budget and range potential Data Interface: serial, Ethernet, OEM, etc. Radios/BTS architecture:

Point-to-point, Point-to-multipoint, Mesh/Repeater

Transaction / time Influences latency

Grid-Interop 2010

RF Design – CelPlan ExampleRadio Frequency Design Antenna Height Optimization

•High Resolution Terrain•Multi-factor Clutter•Signal Testing & Model Tuning

25 © 2007 Arcadian Networks. All rights reserved. Grid-Interop 2010

Architectural & Design Overview & ConsiderationsEquipment Specifications

Specifications Channel Bandwidth (kHz): spectrum available & frequency planning Modulation: defines bit/hz, data rate potential, and performance thresholds

Data rate / channel (kb/s) Combined with bandwidth defines receiver (Tx) sensitivity

Duplex: Frequency division: Tx and Rx simultaneously – requires more spectrum for data rate

26 © 2007 Arcadian Networks. All rights reserved.

Frequency division: Tx and Rx simultaneously – requires more spectrum for data rate Time Division: Tx and RX share time – use caution when co-locating devices

Power: combined with Rx sensitivity gives link budget and range potential Data Interface: serial, Ethernet, OEM, etc. Radios/BTS architecture:

Point-to-point, Point-to-multipoint, Mesh/Repeater

Transaction / time Influences latency

Grid-Interop 2010

Diagnostics & Lessons Learned Asset location information

Actual vs. location of record Continual feedback to the design team

Integrity of as-built information

Aptitude of design support personnel Future training needs

Integrity of deployment closeout packages Existing processes may be insufficient for current projects Methods, thresholds and scope

Network touch versus performance failures

Measurement granularity aligned with application profiles

RF environmental factors

A positive mindset approach to deployment New technology deployment identifies improvement opportunities for related business and technology

systems Benefits and opportunities transcend technologies

Project Management Areas Impacted:1. Project planning and network design2. Asset information and logistics3. Spectrum integrity4. Core network deployment and testing5. Application cutover6. Ongoing Operations

Grid-Interop 2010

Managed Services

Network Awareness Tailor NMS for individual customer

needs and SLA performance requirements

Alarm notification and correlation SMS eMail Visual Map with News and Weather

feed

Incident Resolution Tailored for customer needs based

on SLA MTTR requirements with custom escalation policies

Technician oriented and proactive

Network Operations Center (NOC) Capabilities

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Visual Map with News and Weather feed

NMS Alarm Summary Page Auto-Generated Incident Ticket

Troubleshooting Methodical, NERC-CIP

troubleshooting techniques and methodology

Converged realtime and historical, performance & RF, statistics

Technician oriented and proactive Root cause Steps to be taken Site access information and location

Network and HelpDesk Reporting Fully customizable reports Customer site performance Customer SLA reporting

MTTR Availability

RF statistical reports for proactive optimization

Informative customer ticket summaries

Grid-Interop 2010