Date post: | 25-May-2015 |
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Technology |
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To Mesh or Not to Mesh for OSP?
Advantages of Wireless Mesh Systems for OSP Environments
Mike Intag, RCDD, Firetide
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Objectives
� Understand wireless options and their
differentiators in OSP environments
� Discuss considerations for high-performance
wireless networks
� Review mesh applications, design approaches and
best practices
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Why High-performance Wireless for OSP?
Security of remote areas / Access control
Property protection/
Vandalism prevention
Mobility of workers &
equipment
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Why Wireless Infrastructure?
� Deploy virtually anywhere
� Portability and mobility
� Extend, back-up, or replace
wired infrastructure
� Cost savings vs wire
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Wireless Challenges
� Availability of channels & spectrum
� RF interference
� Dynamic RF & physical environment
� “Trust but verify” attitude required
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Wireless Options
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Wireless Frequency Bands
� Licensed
• Controlled by the FCC or other regulatory agencies
• Can be sold or made commercially available to operators
� Unlicensed
• Unregulated frequencies with predefined rules for
hardware to mitigate interference
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Wireless Frequency Bands
Licensed? Line of site Advantage Disadvantage
900 MHz Unlicensed Not required Improved street-level
penetration
Lower throughput
for video compared
to other bands
2.4 GHz Unlicensed Required Better penetration
compared to 5 GHz
Interference from
consumer devices
4.9 GH Licensed Required Reserved for public
safety; less
interference
Requires frequency
coordination with
other agencies
5 GHz Unlicensed Required Better range and less
interference
compared to 2.4 GHz
Lower penetration
than 2.4 GHz
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Point to Point
� Pros
� Dedicated connection
� Highest bandwidth for backhaul
� Cons
� Does not scale; no flexibility
� Single point of failure
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Point-to-Point
Firetide Confidential
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Point to Multi-Point
� Pros
� May be cost effective if tall assets are available; bandwidth
requirements are low
� Cons
� Limited scalability: bandwidth divided by # of subscribers
� LOS required to each subscriber unit
� Base station creates a single point of failure
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Point-to-Multi-point
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Multi-Point to Multi-Point (Mesh)
� Pros
� Reach & scalability with multi-hop connections
� Flexibility – can be deployed a PtP, PtMP or mesh
� Cons
� Variable performance from different vendors
� More expertise required vs PtP or PtMP
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Mesh & Point-to-Point
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Why is Redundancy Important?
� Radio equipment is very reliable….
� …but they are frequently installed
on light poles which aren’t
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Not All ‘Wireless Mesh’
Created Equal
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Imagine a Traditional Wired Switch
(Wired Ethernet infrastructure)
Most efficient mesh utilizes L2 distributed wireless switch architecture
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Now, Give Each Port Wireless Capability
(Wired Ethernet infrastructure)
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Separate the Ports…
(Wired Ethernet infrastructure)
Bingo, a Virtual Ethernet Switch!
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Key Requirements
Voice Video High-bandwidthdata
High call capacity High throughput
Low latency
Low jitter (variation in latency)
Multicast support
End-to-end QoS & traffic prioritization
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Wireless: How Good Is It?
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� Point to point
� Up to 1 Gig+
� Point to multi-point
� WiMAX: 20-30 Mbps total capacity (divided by # of subscribers)
� MIMO-based PtMP systems: 100-125 Mbps
� Wireless mesh
� Up to 250-300 Mbps in PtP mode or 100-150 Mbps sustained
over multiple hops
� Varies by vendor: from 10-15 Mbps to 100-150 Mbps per radio
Numbers listed are usable throughput, not theoretical data rate
What About Throughput?
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Is Wireless Secure?
Encapsulation w/ Firetide Mesh Routing Protocol
AES WPA2 EncryptionWPA2 Encryption
Packet Filtering
Packet Filtering
� Standards-based
� Radio layer encryption
� FIPS 140-2 certification
� Propitiatory
� Encapsulation
� Digital certificates & MAC filtering
� VLANs
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Wi-Fi Access vs Mesh
� Wi-Fi for client access
� Useful for live video in Wi-Fi ‘hot spots’• Laptops, PDAs
• Local and remote viewing
Wi-Fi enabledpatrol car
Radio, AP & Camera
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� Low-cost PtP has a cost advantage, but:
� Only for a few outlying cameras / 1 hop
� Disadvantages beyond that:
� No scalability
� Complex to manage
� More real estate required
Can I Use Low-cost Point-to-Point?
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Limitations of PtP & PtMP Systems
� Rigid architecture
� Does not allow multi-hop
� Requires towers / tall buildings
� No infrastructure mobility
� Require backhaul for each base
station: high costs of deployments
� Quickly run out of usable spectrum
� Transition to MIMO 40 MHz channels
creates challenges
Urban canyons a challenge to PtP & PtMP
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Key Technology Differentiators
Customer Benefit
Infrastructure Mesh
Mesh AP PtP PtMP
Scalability for
video
Security
Infrastructure
Mobility
Backhaul
requirementEvery 10-15 hops Every 2-3 hops Every link Every base station
Investment
ProtectionIndoor and outdoor,
multiple applications
(data, video, voice)
Indoor and outdoor,
access point based,
data support only
Outdoor only, complex
network management,
no scalability
Outdoor only,
complex network
management, limited
scalability
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Design Considerations
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Nested PtMP Mesh Design
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Linear Loop Mesh Design
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Linear Mesh Design
� 10 hops in both directions
� Multi-application: VoIP, video,
Wi-Fi data
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Infrastructure Mesh
Applications
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Wireless-Enabled Campus
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Industrial Sites
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Smart Grid; Utility WAN
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Wi-Fi Hotspots
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Cellular Base Station Interconnect
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Mesh & Mobility
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Planning & Deployment
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Mesh Best Practices
� Combination of topologies
� Multi-mesh interconnected by wired or wireless backhaul
� Partial, linear or circular mesh with redundant drop-off points
� Be aware of trade-offs between redundancy, cost and performance
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Planning a Successful System
Business objectives
System requirements
Site survey
RF/Network design
Deployment
Future growth
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Design With Flexibility in Mind
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Prepare for a Variety of Conditions
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Future Growth
� Make sure the network can scale
� Evaluate new applications
� Cameras technology: ALPR, infrared, HD, megapixel
� Other services: Wi-Fi access, VoIP
� Mobility: real-time mobile video
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Questions?
Mike Intag, Firetide
www.firetide.com
Presentation is available
on SlideShare; Search for: Firetide OSP