Open your eyes to a world of new opportunities…
Copyright © Yokogawa Electric Corporation
Wireless Solutions for IndustryWireless Solutions for IndustryApr. 2011
The History of Radio
The theory of radio waves was first discovered by the physicist James Clerk Maxwell – Born 1831, died 1879
Maxwell combined the separate theories of Electricity and Magnetism into one Electro-magnetic field
“Electromagnetic waves” or RADIO– Travel through space at the speed of Light
The History of Radio
Marconi had an early interest in science, and was especially interested in the work of Hertz
He quickly realized the potential of wireless transmission and filed a British patent– Awarded on 2nd July 1897, GB12039
At 12:00pm on the 12th December 1901 Marconi send and received the first Transatlantic radio transmission
The History of Radio
On Sunday evening 14th April 1912 the largest passenger ship in the world, Titanic struck an iceberg
The radio operators onboard were employed by Marconi International Marine
They sent a distress signal alerting the world and the Carpathia
Radio had proven it worth…
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2007
2008
2010
2011
Wireless Development…
…………………..…First proprietary wireless devices are developed
2009Extensive field trials………….are undertaken
The worlds first ISA100.11a……...………..compliant products are released
Development continues…………………..On large scale wireless networks
7
ISA100 is a market driven wireless standard
42% Users
33%Manufacturers
25% Others
42% of ISA100 voters are end users– ExxonMobile, Saudi Aramco & Shell etc…
Only 33% are manufacturers with a vested interest in the prevailing wireless standard
The remaining 25% are government agencies, contractors and engineering companies etc…
8
ISA100 User classifications
Safety Class 0: Emergency action(Instrumented protection systems)
Control Class 1: Closed loop regulatory control(Regular control loop that are normally critical)
Class 2: Closed loop supervisory control(Set point manipulation for optimisation etc…)
Class 3: Open loop control(Manual / human actions on alerts)
Monitoring Class 4: Alerting(Short term operational consequences, event driven)
Class 5: Logging & downloading / Uploading(No immediate operational consequences)
Wireless now… and in the future…
Star network
In a star network each device communicates directly with the master device or base-radio
Latency within such networks is low– Communication without delay
However there are no redundant communication paths– Duo-Casting will address this adding redundancy
Power consumption is low – Measure & Communicate
Mesh networks
In a mesh network devices can communicate with each other and the gateway– Paths are built depending upon signal strength
Latency depends where you are in the mesh– Can be high at the mesh edges
However, redundant data paths are formed– Multiple routes exist to reach the gateway
Power consumption is higher– Measure, Transmit & route for other devices
Internal Use Only11
Deterministic Wireless Network (Star Topology)
TopologyFunctions
Redundant Star Mesh
Deterministic Good Bad
Low Latency Good Bad
Multi-Route* Good Good
Longer Battery Life Good Bad
Easy Install Good Good
Easy Trouble-Shooting Good Bad
Redundant star topology is the best choice for “Control Proof”
Three important functions to accomplish “Control Proof” are;– Deterministic, Low Latency and Multi-Routing
Why Wireless…
Improve productivity and quality– Enhanced process insights - less blind stops
Ensure high up time– Less process surprises
Reduce maintenance and operational costs– No wires, no cable, less infrastructure required…
Help you to meet regulatory requirements
Faster engineering cycles…
Wireless breaking down the barriers…
Why Wireless
50k$
100k$
150k$
200k$
250k$
300k$
Wireless
Wired
Material
Installation
Engineering
Administration
**Source: Apprion survey “Wireless Economics”
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Wireless Digital Sensing
Atomic clock stability– Unmatched precision
– Accuracy and repeatability
Resolution and turndown second to none
Digital sensor CPU fusion– No A/D conversion errors
– No re-ranging errors
– Simple sensor diagnostics – integrity
Digital precisionDigital precision
Reduced variability, increased process yields…
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Wireless Digital Sensing
Two measurements from one sensor– Differential pressure– Static pressure
D/P 10100100110101011010110101010101S/P 01001010110101011010101010101010
MultiMulti--SensingSensing
Increased process insights with fewer transmitters…
Wireless Sensors
EJX Series Wireless Pressure Transmitter• Gauge, absolute and differential pressure (multi-sensing)• Manifold or direct mount• Battery life 5-15 year typically; battery health diagnostics• ATEX certified intrinsically safe
YTA Series Wireless Temperature Transmitter• RTD (2-, 3- or 4-wire), t/c, mV or Ω- signals (single
sensor)• Battery life 5-15 year typically; battery health diagnostics• ATEX certified intrinsically safe
Gateway - Backbone Router
Gateway with integrated Backbone Router (BBR)• ATEX certified type N for Zone 2• Security and system management
Field Wireless Tools• FieldMate integrated Universal Provisioning Tool• Network Management Tool• Field Wireless Configurator
DCS and SCADA integration• Measurement and device status visualisation• Asset management and DTM based device management
Universal Provisioning Tool
Your Wireless Investment is Safe…
Control– Very Reliable Radio and High Speed Update times (1 sec) – Very Secure network with End to End Security– Fully Redundant Architecture with Duo Cast
• Broadcast to two gateways simultaneously (coming soon!)
Power– Star Topology and Non-Routing devices reduce Power Consumption– Long Battery Life ‘D’-cell Batteries
• Unique Battery Pack enables exchange in the Hazardous Area– Power Harvesting Technologies, coming 2Q, 2011
Future– Multi-Protocol with Protocol Mapping and Tunneling– IP-base network addressing– Total Wireless Solution (WiFi)
ISA100.11a Realizes Real Lifecycle Benefits
Open Battery Concept
Long Life– Star Topology consumes less power than Mesh Topology– ‘D’ Cell batteries with larger capacity
Easy Maintenance – Exchangeable even in Hazardous area because of its unique
battery pack design– ‘D’ Cell 3.6V Lithium Thionyl Chloride Battery
Hazardous Area
Widely availableLow cost batteries
Battery pack, designed for Ex-Environments
Convenient battery replaceable in the field
Providing customer with an unique power solution to enable convenient battery exchange while minimizing maintenance cost
Replace batteries in safe area
Low Cost Intrinsically Safe Solution
No cables, No barriers and No calculations!
EExnA (Zone 2) EExib (Zone 1)
Page
High Speed update & Long Battery Life
EJXEJX
YTAYTA
Up-Date Time
1 sec
5 sec
10 sec
5 sec
10 sec
30 sec
Half year or more
Two years or more
Four years or more
Four years or more
Six years or more
Ten years or more**Conditions at 23 deg. C with Star Topology
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8Years 9 10
Internal Use Only
Manageable Topology
Deterministic communicationLow Latency, Long Battery LifeEase of Maintenance & Trouble-shooting
Range extension with multiple hops
Obstacle navigation By multiple hops
Increase range with reduced errors…
ISA100 covers 3x the range of wirelessHARTmaintaining the regulatory 10mW / 13dbm output…– The radio and protocol are more mature and reliable being
built upon proven technology
**Empirical test data at reference site
ISA100 strength – High sensitivity radio
600m
Superior receive sensitivity with the Freescale radio technology– -96 dB versus -90 dB for wirelessHART, that’s 4 times
greater receive sensitive!– Enabling us to bridges distances of up to 600m LOS
Saving power and increasing efficiencyReducing CapEx and OpEx infrastructure costs
27
Coexistence with other WIFI radio
Erro
r R
ate
The result of Coexistence test with WiFi solutions– ISA100 error rate is less than one-fifth of that of WirelessHART
using its channel blacklisting function
31%
5.5%
WirelessHARTISA100
5.6 x ErrorLost data packets
Coexistence with WiFi assured
**Both test devices for WirelessHART & ISA100 are Yokogawa products
Test equipment
WiFi Spectrum
Channel Black Listing
Robustness
Test in dense highly radio reflective environments prove ISA100 superior reliability and immunity to reflections– G to A = 0.1% Error rate for ISA100 versus 24% for WirelessHART– G to B = 0.2% Error rate for ISA100 versus 30% for WirelessHART– G to C = 0% Error rate for ISA100 versus 13% for WirelessHART– G to D = 8% Error rate for ISA100 versus 11% for WirelessHART
Pipes, vessels and supports can all create multiple reflection paths for 2.4GHz radio signal, some constructive and others destructive etc…
G
AB
C
DMulti Path Effect
Interoperability
At Yokogawa we are fully committed to supporting open standards– They provide a level playing field for all…
Ensuring an interoperable solution can be achieve using a mixed vendor architecture– Unlocking the full potential of the device
The WCI ensures vendor interoperability is achieved for ISA100.11a compliant devices…
Wireless Applications Areas
Elevated Assets– Enables uneconomical measurements on flare stack and
vacuum columns
Distributed Assets– Loading Piers and Tank Farms are ideal areas to deploy
wireless networks, enhancing asset management while minimizing infrastructure
Isolated Assets– Robust measurement solutions for difficult to reach areas;
Well heads, production platforms and pipelines
Wireless Enables Asset Management
Wireless Applications Areas
Rotating & Modular Equipment– Wireless free these assets from the complexity of traditional
high maintenance cabled solutions • No moving parts - slip rings, complex connectors required and
difficult cable looms needed
Temporary Measurements– Such as those required to diagnose a problem with a
production asset are simple and convenient to implement wirelessly
Wireless Enables Greater Process Insights
Mobile knowledge workers
Wireless industrial laptops, PDA’s, tablet PC’s– Terminal server based (thin client)– Web based (thin client)
Mobile operators – more productive– Access to real-time process information anywhere, any time!– Fully functional (or restricted) working environment
• Graphics, historical data, asset management data
Mobile commissioning and maintenance– Access to real time information enables more efficient
commissioning and maintenance • Loop testing, Calibration (Zero & Span) and Real-time diagnostics
– Initiate, execute, close and report on work orders
Real time Information – Empowering your People
ISA-SP100 wireless solutions
VoIP– The plant wide wireless backhaul network can also be used
to support VoIP communications for maintenance engineers & operators alike
• Supporting secure efficient communications
Video – fixed and mobile cameras– The same is also true for asset surveillance cameras, these
can also stream their data across the SP100 backhaul network
• Surveillance of assets, remote locations supporting access control and intrusion detection etc…
Personnel tracking & asset identification– RFID tags can be both active and passive and enabling asset
tracking and personnel identification• Active RFID tags include a battery and transmit in the network