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Wireless Wireline Convergence
Tod Sizer, Director
Broadband and Wireless Research Center
Bell Laboratories
p.2 | Wireless/Wireline Convergence – Bell Labs - Sizer | 27Apr2007 All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2007
Wireless Wireline Convergence
The past decade has seen unprecedented growth in both Wireless and Broadband Wired Communications.
•Wireless
•2G evolving to 3G
•WiFi becoming standard in PCs
•High Speed Cellular deployments of EVDO and
HSDPA
•Near universal usage and coverage in the developed
world.
•Broadband Wireline
•Telephony modems evolving to Broadband connects.
•Core Network technologies above 25 Tb/s.
•Fiber to the home, such as Verizon FiOS
•Growth of Internet and email as the standard for non-voice
communication.
p.3 | Wireless/Wireline Convergence – Bell Labs - Sizer | 27Apr2007 All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2007
Wireless Wireline Convergence
In this talk:
Circuit Emulation: T1 Ethernet evolution for Wireless Backhaul
Wireless bandwidth transport over Ethernet [RadioStar]
Femtocells for the home
Growth of Wireless and Wireline deployments offers opportunities for convergence of the technologies for the
benefit of the user.
p.4 | Wireless/Wireline Convergence – Bell Labs - Sizer | 27Apr2007 All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2007
Circuit Emulation
T1 over Ethernet for Wireless Backhaul
p.5 | Wireless/Wireline Convergence – Bell Labs - Sizer | 27Apr2007 All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2007
Evolution of wireless backhaul
Today’s base stations are largely backhauled using T1/E1 lines.
For cost, flexibility, and OA&M (Operations, Administration, and Maintenance) reasons, this will want to evolve to Ethernet.
How do we manage legacy equipment in this evolved world.
Can we provide adequate circuit emulation of T1/E1 signals over Ethernet to be able to rapidly evolve the wireless backhaul of Wireless Base Station?
p.6 | Wireless/Wireline Convergence – Bell Labs - Sizer | 27Apr2007 All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2007
Circuit emulated through the Wireless backhaul
Ethernetbackhaul
T1interface
Ethernetinterface
Span of T1circuit
T1 payload packetized and sent over the
Ethernet backhaul
EthernetInterface
Circuit emulated over Ethernet
RNC
BTS
p.7 | Wireless/Wireline Convergence – Bell Labs - Sizer | 27Apr2007 All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2007
Circuit Emulation
First step in wireless backhaul evolution
RNC and BTS still speak T1 (installed base and/or legacy sites)
Backhaul is migrated from circuit switched to packet switched
Full circuit emulation is needed across the Ethernet backhaul
Base station does not have access to Network system clock
The System clock needs to be transferred over the Ethernet link.
T1/E1 are synchronous whereas Ethernet is asynchronous.
Adaptive clock recovery or SRTS with packet-based distribution of common timing reference (IEEE1588 or NTP)
This is the most difficult form of circuit emulation
Next step in Wireless Backhaul would evolve to pure Ethernet
p.8 | Wireless/Wireline Convergence – Bell Labs - Sizer | 27Apr2007 All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2007
Backhaul Solutions
•Packetize
•Provide T1/E1 synchronization
•Syn
chro
nous
T1/
E1 L
ines •100/1000 Base F
•100/1000 Base TWireless Base Station
p.9 | Wireless/Wireline Convergence – Bell Labs - Sizer | 27Apr2007 All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2007
Transport of RF over Ethernet
RadioStar
p.10 | Wireless/Wireline Convergence – Bell Labs - Sizer | 27Apr2007 All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2007
RadioStar Technology: CDMA over Gigabit Ethernet
BTS withBSI
Equipment Closet
Gigabit Ethernet Switch
RRHw/ PoE
RRHw/ PoE
CAT5 Cables
Digitized CDMA/UMTS RF signal is distributed in-building through switched Gigabit Ethernet packet data network using LAN CAT5/fiber cables (potentially existing).
Same system can transport CDMA 1X, EV-DO, or UMTS signals.
Interface to BTS through baseband I/Q or RF radio input and output. (no modification of BTS required)
Remote Radio Heads (RRHs) based on handset technology and powered over CAT5 cable radiate downlink signal and receives uplink signal.
p.11 | Wireless/Wireline Convergence – Bell Labs - Sizer | 27Apr2007 All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2007
Radio Digitizing Technique
Base Station Mix Radio SignalTo Baseband
Digitize RadioSignal
Packetize digitized Radio Signal
Base Station Interface
Depacket digitizedRadio Signal
Digital Analog Conversion
Mix Radio SignalTo RF
Remote Radio Head
Synchronization
Ethernet Network
p.12 | Wireless/Wireline Convergence – Bell Labs - Sizer | 27Apr2007 All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2007
Sector α
Sector β
Sector α
Sector β
Scalable Network [dynamic optimization]
RRH
RRHGESBSI
RRH
GES
RRHGES
RRHRRH
GESRRH
BSI: base station interface GES: gigabit Ethernet switchRRH: remote radio Head
p.13 | Wireless/Wireline Convergence – Bell Labs - Sizer | 27Apr2007 All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2007
Key RadioStar Features
Take advantage of Gigabit ethernet equipments, components and CAT5/fiber medium
Software sectorization for capacity management and growth
Remote management of indoor network.
Capability to support 802.11 over same infrastructure
Transport RF bandwidth, air-interface agnostic – RadioStar network need not be modified as services and applications change
Low cost RF components from handset technology
Use of PoE (Power over Ethernet) technology eliminates the need for power provisioning at the remote radio heads.
Frequency and timing synchronization over asynchronous networks.
p.14 | Wireless/Wireline Convergence – Bell Labs - Sizer | 27Apr2007 All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2007
2nd Generation RRH Digital board (July 2005)
Form Factor : comparable to 802.11 access point
AccessPoint7”x2”x9”802.11 only
RRH 9”x6.5’x2”CDMA/UMTS and 802.11
POE : enables installation , no extra AC drop constraints: 100m , ~11W (currently)
802.11 access card : PCMCIA (contingent on Linux load)
p.15 | Wireless/Wireline Convergence – Bell Labs - Sizer | 27Apr2007 All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2007
RRH Coverage at 14dBm Pout
90ft Radius for -75 dBm
RSSI
30ft Radius for –75dBm
RSSI
4th Floor
3rd Floor
RRH
p.16 | Wireless/Wireline Convergence – Bell Labs - Sizer | 27Apr2007 All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2007
Wireless Enterprise [WINGS]
WINGS OpportunityProvide enterprise phone and data service using Wireless Cellular technology.Your Cell phone = Your Enterprise PhoneKey Enabling Technology: RadioStarfor low cost, high quality, in-building cellular coverage.
Value PropositionFor the User
•One phone/One number to Reach Me•Complete mobility•Latest mobile communications technology to help me do my job.•Zero cost Moves, even between locations•Mobile data provided by high speed wireless data (e.g. either EV-DO/HSDPA or 802.11)•Increased productivity due to easy access to your information anywhere in the enterprise as well as anywhere there is cellular coverage.
RadioStarIP Router
p.17 | Wireless/Wireline Convergence – Bell Labs - Sizer | 27Apr2007 All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2007
HomeBSR / Femtocell
p.18 | Wireless/Wireline Convergence – Bell Labs - Sizer | 27Apr2007 All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2007
Femtocell in home backhauled with existing broadband connection
UMTS Core Network
IP Access Network
ExpensiveExpensiveTo achieve good To achieve good UMTS inbuilding UMTS inbuilding
coveragecoverage
CheapCheap
Femtocell controls Internet bandwidth allocation for QoS
In home UMTS air interface
FemtocellFemtocellcoveragecoverage
Ethernet 100 BaseT
Router
Signalling Gateway
DSL connection
Femtocell
UMTS air interface
100 BaseTethernet
p.19 | Wireless/Wireline Convergence – Bell Labs - Sizer | 27Apr2007 All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2007
Femtocell Advantages
Provides excellent coverage in the home.
Improves Universal Coverage and thus user expectations for voice and data performance.
Improves the outdoor cell performance by off-loading indoor calls from the outdoor cell.
Lowers cell user churn by improving the quality.
p.20 | Wireless/Wireline Convergence – Bell Labs - Sizer | 27Apr2007 All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2007
Technical Challenges
Auto-configuration
End user installation, plug and play, automatic environment discovery, automatic provisioning, remote management
Low cost hardware
Consumer electronics, extreme cost pressure
Mobility
Idle and active mode handover between Femtocell and macrocell
Identification of femtocells within the mobile network
Synchronization
Meet the air-interface synchronization requirement with low cost hardware
Supporting both voice and data users
Legacy mobiles only capable of circuit switched voice
New services require wireless data capability.
p.21 | Wireless/Wireline Convergence – Bell Labs - Sizer | 27Apr2007 All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2007
Conclusion
We are at a unique time when growth in both wireless and wirelinetechnologies are allowing for new opportunities.
Existing infrastructure can be made more cost competitive by using new Wireless backhaul methods.
Ethernet infrastructure in enterprises can make cellular coverage as straightforward to provide as a streaming application such as VoIP or IPTV.
Broadband to the home can bring wireless to the residence improving quality for the user and easing the outdoor requirements for wireless service providers.