76
WISE BUDGET MANAGER FOR UNISZA’S STUDENT MOBILE APPLICATION MOHAMAD IKHMAL BIN ISMAIL BACHELOR OF COMPUTER SCIENCE (INTERNET COMPUTING) WITH HONOURS UNIVERSITI SULTAN ZAINAL ABIDIN 2018
WISE BUDGET MANAGER FOR UNISZA’S STUDENT
MOBILE APPLICATION
MOHAMAD IKHMAL BIN ISMAIL
BACHELOR OF COMPUTER SCIENCE
(INTERNET COMPUTING) WITH HONOURS
UNIVERSITI SULTAN ZAINAL ABIDIN
2018
WISE BUDGET MANAGER FOR UNISZA’S STUDENT MOBILE APPLICATION
MOHAMAD IKHMAL BIN ISMAIL
Bachelor of Computer Science (Internet Computing) with Honours
Faculty of Informatics and Computing
Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, Malaysia
AUGUST 2018
i
DECLARATION
I hereby declare that this report is based on my original work except for quotations
and citations, which have been duly acknowledged. I also declare that it has not been
previously or concurrently submitted for any other degree at Universiti Sultan Zainal
Abidin or other institutions.
________________________________
Name : Mohamad Ikhmal bin Ismail
Date : ..................................................
ii
CONFIRMATION
This project report entitled Wise Budget Manager for UniSZA’s Student Mobile
Application was prepared and submitted by Mohamad Ikhmal bin Ismail, matric
number BTCL15040282 and in my point of view, this project fulfils a condition to be
awarded a Bachelor of Computer Science (Internet Computing) with Honours in
Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA).
________________________________
Supervisor: Mr. Mat Atar bin Mat Amin
Date : ............................................
iii
DEDICATION
In the name of Allah, I dedicate this project to Him, the Most Gracious and the
Most Merciful, all praise is only for Him. He has been the source of my strength
throughout this project. Never forget to my kind supervisor, Mr. Mat Atar Bin Mat
Amin for the valuable idea, time, support, advice, guidance and ideas given through the
development until completion part of the project. I also dedicate this work beloved
family that supports and encouraged me all the way and make sure that I give it all it
takes to finish which I have started. Next, thanks a lot to my friends that willing to lend
their hand for me to finish the project. Lastly, thank you to everyone who directly or
indirectly involved in the process of making the system and documentation.
iv
ABSTRACT
Mobile applications are growing rapidly for business trying to produce income
and utilizing apps to solve and manage user’s difficulties. As we all know, budget
planner and money tracking application are very common mobile application that used
for daily task to manage and track user’s money in and out.
For the time being, common problem that had been face by students are they do
not keep track and record their daily expenses until they forgot what they did with the
money and where the money gone. In addition, it leads students to overconsume some
expenses and under consume others because they sometimes overestimate or
underestimate the money required for a particular amount of goods that are necessity
and which are desired. Students do not know how much they spend their needs and
requirements. Thus, they do not know where their money is going. They are lack of
knowledge in controlling the financial.
So, after completing the development process is it can simplify and precise
enough to keep track of students’ expenses and budgeting. At the end of this project,
the application will show to the users how much they enter for particular spending. The
information entered will be stored in the database. They may freely see their past daily
spending in the application. Then, report is generated by retrieving the data from the
database to show to the users that would like to be aware to their personal budget status.
v
ABSTRAK
Aplikasi mudah alih berkembang pesat dalam bidang perniagaan bagi
menghasilkan pendapatan dan menggunakan aplikasi ini untuk menyelesaikan dan
mengurus kesulitan pengguna. Seperti yang kita semua tahu, aplikasi perancang bajet
dan aplikasi penjejak wang adalah aplikasi mudah alih yang biasa digunakan untuk
tugas harian bagi mengurus dan menjejaki keluar masuk wang pengguna.
Kini, masalah biasa yang dihadapi oleh pelajar adalah mereka tidak menjejaki
dan merekod perbelanjaan harian mereka sehingga mereka tidak tahu dan lupa ke
mana wang itu menghilang. Di samping itu, mereka tidak mahir dalam menganggar
kos perbelanjaan untuk sejumlah barangan keperluan dan kehendak. Pelajar tidak tahu
berapa banyak mereka perlu belanjakan untuk keperluan dan kepentingan mereka.
Oleh itu, mereka tidak tahu di mana aliran wang mereka pergi tambahan pula mereka
kurang pengetahuan dalam bidang mengurus kewangan.
Oleh itu, setelah proses pembangunan selesai, ia dapat mempermudah dan
dapat menjejaki perbelanjaan dan belanjawan pelajar. Pada akhir projek ini, aplikasi
ini akan menunjukkan kepada pengguna berapa banyak yang mereka masukkan untuk
perbelanjaan tertentu. Maklumat yang dimasukkan akan disimpan dalam pangkalan
data. Mereka boleh melihat perbelanjaan harian yang lepas. Kemudian, laporan dijana
dengan mengambil semula data dari pangkalan data untuk dipaparkan kepada
pengguna yang ingin mengetahui status belanjawan peribadi mereka.
vi
CONTENTS
PAGE
DECLARATION i
CONFIRMATION ii
DEDICATION iii
ABSTRACT iv
ABSTRAK v
CONTENTS vi
LIST OF TABLES viii
LIST OF FIGURES ix
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS x
LIST OF APPENDICES xi
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background 1
1.2 Problem Statement 3
1.3 Objectives 4
1.4 Scope 4
1.5 Expected Outcomes 5
1.6 Summary 5
CHAPTER II
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction 6
2.2 Related Applications 6
2.2.1 Existing Software (Mint) 6
2.2.2 Existing Application (You Need A Budget) 8
2.2.3 Existing Application (Spending Tracker) 10
2.2.4 Existing Application (Income and Expense
Tracker)
11
2.3 JSON 13
2.4 Summary 14
CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY
3.1 Methodology Chosen 15
vii
3.1.1 Phase 1: Planning 15
3.1.2 Phase 2: Analysis 18
3.1.3 Phase 3: Design 27
3.1.4 Phase 4: Implementation 27
3.2 Project Requirement 29
3.2.1 Software Requirement 29
3.2.2 Hardware Requirement 30
3.3 Framework Design 31
3.4 Proof of Concept 32
3.4.1 Method/technique 32
3.4.2 Mobile Computing 33
3.5 Summary 34
CHAPTER IV IMPLEMENTATION
4.1 Implementation and Output 35
4.1.1 Introduction 35
4.1.2 Interfaces 37
4.2 Testing and Result 45
4.2.1 Introduction 45
4.2.2 Testing Analysis 46
4.2.2.1 Black Box Testing 47
4.2.2.2 White Box Testing 47
4.2.3 Test Result and Analysis 48
4.2.4 Test Case 50
4.2.5 Results 56
4.3 Summary 56
CHAPTER V RESULT AND CONCLUSION
5.1 Discussion 58
5.2 System Constraints 59
5.3 Future Work 60
5.4 Conclusion 60
REFERENCE 62
viii
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE TITLE PAGE
3.1 Gantt Chart 17
3.2 Data Dictionary 26
3.3 List of software requirement 29
3.4 List of hardware requirement 30
4.1 Login for user interface input-output design 37
4.2 Registration for user interface input-output design 38
4.3 Home page for user interface input-output design 40
4.4 Expense page for user interface input-output design 41
4.5 Income page for user interface input-output design 42
4.6 Dashboard page for user interface input-output design 43
4.7 Report page for user interface input-output design 44
4.8 Profile page for user interface input-output design 45
4.9 Test Case for Successful of open the Application 50
4.10 Test Case for Unsuccessful of open the Application 50
4.11 Test Case for Successful Login for User 51
4.12 Test Case for Unsuccessful Login for User 52
4.13 Test Case for Successful User Input Information 54
4.14 Test Case for Successful User Update Information 56
ix
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE TITLE PAGE
2.1
2.2
2.3
Best Personal finance apps to invest in for the New Year!
Best Personal finance apps to invest in for the New Year!
Computerized Investing
8
9
11
2.4
2.5
Income and Expense Tracker
JSON Framework
12
13
3.2 Context Diagram of Application 19
3.3 DFD of Application Level 0 20
3.4 DFD of Application Level 1 21
3.5 DFD Level 2 Manage Income 22
3.6 DFD Level 2 Manage Expense 23
3.7 DFD Level 2 Report Generation 24
3.8 Entity Relationship Diagram 25
3.9 Application Framework Design 31
3.10 JSON sample syntax of storing data 33
3.11 JSON sample syntax of accessing information 33
4.1 First Interface of application for user site: Login Interface 37
4.2 Second Interface of application for user site: Registration
Interface
38
4.3 Third Interface of application for user site: Home Interface 39
4.4 Fourth Interface of application for user site: Expense
Interface
40
4.5 Fifth Interface of application for user site: Income
Interface
41
4.6 Sixth Interface of application for user site: Dashboard
Interface
42
4.7 Seven Interface of application for user site: Report
Interface
43
4.8 Eight Interface of application for user site: Profile
Interface
44
4.9 The Application works well 48
4.10 The Log in process for user 49
x
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS / TERMS / SYMBOLS
CD Context Diagram
DFD Data Flow Diagram
ERD Entity Relationship Diagram
WBM Wise Budget Manager
JSON JavaScript Object Notation
XML Extensible Mark-up Language
PHP Hypertext Preprocessor
IDE Integrated Development Environment
LAN Local Area Network
WWAN Wireless Wide Area Network
WLAN Wireless Local Area Network
Wi-Fi Wireless Fidelity
xi
LIST OF APPENDICES
APPENDIX TITLE PAGE
1
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
Nowadays, smartphones are expanding their colony while conquering the world
which is it were used everywhere and every time in our daily life ranging from
communication, entertainment to health and wellness applications. Today, we know
very well that the demand of mobile applications development is increasing rapidly and
it gives inspiration to create user friendly and effective applications. Android is open
source platform which provides all information and services for all users without any
license fees.
Mobile applications are growing rapidly for business trying to produce income
and utilizing apps to solve and manage user’s difficulties. As we all know, budget
planner and money tracking application are very common mobile application that used
for daily task to manage and track user’s money in and out. There are a lot of these
applications available today on Google Play Store that provide various kind of
functionalities to the user.
2
For the time being, common problem that had been face by students are they do
not keep track and record their daily expenses until they forgot what they did with the
money and where the money gone. In addition, it leads students to overconsume some
expenses and under consume others because they sometimes overestimate or
underestimate the money required for a particular amount of goods that are necessity
and which are desired. Students do not know how much they spend their needs and
requirements. Thus, they do not know where their money is going. Besides, papers are
not able to maintain the record properly because it does not have an efficient accounting
information system to do calculation effectively.
Wise Budget Manager for UniSZA’s Student Mobile Application is the solution
to the above problem. The idea of such an expense tracking tool where with just a few
inputs every day, users can make themselves organized and make their life a bit easier
in the long run. This mobile application will help students to maintain record of their
daily expenses and income due to lack of time. So, it can make students’ life easier,
arranged and organized. This application can help to organize users’ expenses which is
added with multifunctional.
3
1.2 Problem Statement
There are many budget planner applications out there that were develop to help
people to solve their problems. But it lacking in lot of function. It does not work
effectively because it does not have additional features that very useful and the function
is limited. So, this kind of application is not practical anymore because it can’t manage
user’s budget efficiently. In this section, the main purpose of problem statement is to
focus the attention of solution to the problems.
There are three main problems currently. Firstly, students do not keep track and
record their daily expenses. They just simply forgot what they spend their money for.
Second, they also fail to control their spending since the knowledge in managing
financial are limited, some students do not use the opportunity to look for it. Third,
students are easily over budget. They usually do not plan their budget wisely. So, it
leads them to overconsume their expenses and under consume other expenses. Hence,
the students will over budget if they do not plan it probably.
Without a good budget planner, students will find it hard to keep track and record
their daily spending. Hence, they cannot control their spending very well. It is because,
they are lack of knowledge in controlling the financial. Concise descriptions of the
issues stated need to be addressed to deal with the problems.
4
1.3 Objectives
a) To design an attractive and simple interface application that helps users to access
easily.
b) To develop a systematic application that improves students’ financial
management.
c) To implement an application that use JSON technique.
1.4 Scope
The scopes of this study are divided into:
i) Admin. The role of an admin is to login the application to make changes.
Admin can control user data and do the application maintenance.
ii) User. User is only limited to student in UniSZA. User can use this
application to input their daily income and expenses to manage their
financial.
iii) Android Based. This application will be develop for mobile devices that
used Android operating system.
5
1.5 Expected Outcomes
The expected outcomes of the Wise Budget Manager for UniSZA’s Student
Mobile Application after completing the development process is it can simplify and
precise enough to keep track of students’ expenses and budgeting. The application will
show to the users how much they enter for particular spending. The information entered
will be stored in the database. They may freely see their past daily spending in the
application. Lastly, report is generated by retrieving the data from the database to show
to the users that would like to be aware to their personal budget status.
1.6 Summary
The details introduction of Wise Budget Manager for UniSZA’s Student Mobile
Application has been discussed in this chapter. The sub chapter of the chapter which
includes problem statement, objectives, scope, expected outcomes and the project
planning of the application were mentioned above.
6
CHAPTER II
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction
This topic focused on the work or research that relate either directly or indirectly
to the project. This topic is also important to develop the project. The reason is it
contains a lot of information that gives benefit in the process of development of the
project. This topic can assist by understanding the application details while help in
determining the best approach to the development of the application.
Wise Budget Manager for UniSZA’s Student Mobile Application is the
combination of many current applications that has been exist in the market nowadays.
The function is to manage students’ income and expenses. It helps students to control
themselves in spending.
2.2 Related Applications
2.2.1 Existing Software (Mint)
There are a lot of people all around the world who may not paying attention to
their finances. They spent their money without knowing how much money they used
7
for their necessities and how much money they wasted according to their intention and
desire. So, the Mint’s company find a solution about what they should do to overcome
this problem to remind users spending. They develop ‘Mint’ which is a budgeting
software which is develop to track money spending. It is a server-based web, but this
software can also be use by user through their PC and smartphone.
This software essential features are it can keep track of user’s spending and
allocating income to various budgeting categories. User can separate their needs which
he or she can plan to save for a vacation, put away money for a down payment on a
house. It also has built-in calculators which can help user establish a plan that will work
to meet their goals.
Moreover, Mint also has bill-paying feature which are online and offline. Its
purpose is to help user pay bills on time within the context of your financial transactions.
In online bills, the service has two specific functions which are it will find bills the user
are already routinely paying and reminds user the amount before they are due [6]. Then,
it gives user convenience that lets user schedule bill payments. Besides, user also can
manually add offline bills such as regular payments for housekeeping service, utilities
bills and others. User will be reminded of them before they are due just as online bills.
The total of user’s bills due for the month appears to the user every month.
Lastly, this software will give an alert to make sure users are paying attention
and keeping track of their finances. It will give user a big picture view of the financial
situation which shows all recent transactions, user’s account totals, monthly budget and
even alerts for when user go over budget.
8
Figure 2.1 Best Personal finance apps to invest in for the New Year! (Gil, 2016)
2.2.2 Existing Application (You Need A Budget)
You need A Budget (YNAB) is a system that can help users to create a budget
for their own. The advantages of this system are the system can help user to gather the
remainder (where the income minus spending) to be carried to the next month. This
remainder is called budget buffer which can effect to take the user off living paycheck-
to-paycheck (user spend all the money and he or she does not save money before
receiving next paycheck) [8]. Next, the system also can help the users to create various
savings funds whether they are for emergencies, annual taxes and holiday spending. It
also has the feature that force user to reduce users’ budget if overspend. It has the
package that will warn users by telling the users not to do it and then, it will deduct it
from the next month’s available funds.
9
But, it also has it disadvantages which are user need to pay high amount of fees
in order to purchase this software after finish one-month free trial. Moreover, user also
unable to control in multicurrency which means user need to select the currency type
before create new budget. It is not good for users who have more than one currency in
their hands. For an example, a Singaporean has SGD and MYR in his hands, when he
travels to Malaysia, he need to spend the money with MYR not SGD. So, it will let
users to confuse what currency should they choose in the budget.
As a conclusion, YNAB is a really nice system that helps users a lot in planning
their budget. It not only provides the features such as key-in the income and spending,
but also let the users to control budget freely. It also can show all reports that users’
average spending and income.
Figure 2.2 Best Personal finance apps to invest in for the New Year! (Gil, 2016)
10
2.2.3 Existing Application (Spending Tracker)
Spending Tracker is an application which is an easy-to-use personal finance
application that assists users in manually tracking their spending and saving habits. It
can run in both Android and iOS. It also compatible with Windows operating system.
It come with features which have four options that are spending, transactions,
categories and settings. In the settings option, user can enter some of preferences
regarding user’s cash flow and budgeting. This application also has option for user to
operate in ‘Budget Mode’ where it will allow user to set a specific spending limit for
each time period [4]. Besides, balance carry over is one of the best features which can
help user to determine whether the remaining balance at the end of one-month time
period is carried over to the next time period. In addition, user can add multiple accounts
which user can specify for having saving account and account from which the user
spend money.
To summarize, the application is very useful for individuals trying to simply
track their expenses. It lets user to input their income and expenses manually and can
be easily analyse the cash flow over time.
11
Figure 2.3 Computerized Investing (Jaclyn N. McClellan, 2015)
2.2.4 Existing Application (Income and Expense Tracker)
Income and Expense Tracker is an application which is helpful to manage out
income and expense as a daily or periodically or else whenever. It also acts as an
indicator or reminder the things user need to do for the end of month and what are the
payments that user has to pay for the particular month.
This application will help user to make a note for what or the things he or she
need to do and expense for a month. For business people who is having some multi
business, the income features of this application can help user to divide and store all the
income and manage the income for each month to be finalize [9]. Furthermore, it also
has features like add expense, add income, export expense, export income and view
12
expense categories to help user manage income and expenses has been done each
month. But, this application will be an unpopulated data because it has some
disadvantages by not alerting a person for each and every month.
To conclude, this application developed work efficiently which it has
successfully avoids the manual calculation the income and expense per month. It also
come with simple concept which is like simple message storing mechanism combined
with reminder to remind in a particular day.
Figure 2.4 Income and Expense Tracker (P.Thanapal et. al, 2015)
13
2.3 JSON
Mobile and web applications expecting an external data in JSON format. Hence,
converting MYSQL data into JSON format is something that developers usually did on
a regular basis. JSON is very fast and it became the most popular data format in server
or browser communication. It is quite simple, easy and light-weight format for
exchanging and storing data from and to database. Moreover, it is also human readable
which is easy for developer to generate and parse.
JSON is an alternative for XML (Extensible Mark-up Language) which took it
place to run with its different easy and fast operating characteristics. JSON file format
plays an absolutely necessary which is an important role in present mobile and web
application development paradigm. Data from MySQL Database can be easily
converted into JSON format using PHP.
Figure 2.5 JSON Framework
14
2.4 Summary
As discussed above, all existing applications, software and system have their
own strength and abilities but, there are still weakness. If there are little changes to the
existing application, it can improve a lot of things and functions by developing new
application.
JSON is the most popular technique which commonly used in the mobile
applications. So, I have decided to apply JSON technique in my application
development. I want to apply JSON to convert MySQL data using PHP in my mobile
application development. It is because JSON offers very useful method. The concept of
two languages (e.g. PHP and JavaScript) used, both need a language that understandable
to communicate. It is called JSON which is common language solely used for
communication. The method of using JSON can translate back and forth in order to
communicate while sending each other information. It converts the normal data into
much lighter significant format which can be easily accessible from android mobile
phones via parsing process. When Android application execute, it will connect Android
device to PHP script. Then, PHP script will fetch data from database. Next, it will
encode in into JSON format and send it to the device. Lastly, when Android application
get these encoded data, it will parse the data and display it on Android device.
In addition, it also has method that accepts a JavaScript object as a parameter
and outputs back a string with JSON format. This is very useful when we want to send
data back to the server. So, JSON is better at helping procedural decisions in mobile
application development.
15
CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
3.1 Methodology Chosen
In order to develop Wise Budget Manager for UniSZA’s Student Mobile
Application, the methodologies that are going to use are Waterfall SDLC (System
Development Life Cycle) model and the Incremental Prototyping. This section consists
of how both the methodologies will be implemented in the project The phase involved
in the development would be based on the SDLC that are Planning, Analysis, Design
and Implementation.
3.1.1 Phase 1: Planning
Planning is the most important task in creating a software product. The
developer need to think carefully on how the project will be develop because once the
developer plans it wrongly, the whole system will be in such a big trouble. The project
involves the use of schedule such as Gantt chart to plan and subsequently report the
progress along the project execution.
16
In this stage, planning on how this system looks like would be the priority
activity. Firstly, research on the existing system will be made in order to analyse, learn
and gather more details about mobile application that will be develop. Then, an
interview was carried out in order to get opinion and information from different users.
Next, project time planning is very critical in this project. Duration for each
activity in the development process must be specified in this stage. The time for each
activity must be plan and allocate it wisely. If not, the system development will not able
to be completed on time.
The developer will identify the tasks after verifying the requirements with the
users. This is very important process because it can determine the dependency of all
processes in the system for the system to operate smoothly thus reducing efficiency and
effectiveness. Below is the Gantt chart that has been created in this stage.
17
No. Tasks Month
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1 Planning Phase
1.1 Problem Definition
1.2 Project Identification
1.3 Project Proposal
2 Requirement Analysis Phase
2.1 User Requirements
2.2 System Requirements
2.3 Methodology Chosen
3 Design Phase
3.1 Process Design
3.2 Database Design
3.3 Interface Design
4 Implementation Phase
4.1 Develop Database
4.2 User Module
4.3 System Functionalities
5 Testing Phase
5.1 System Testing
5.2 User Testing
6 Deployment Phase
Table 3.1 Gantt Chart
18
3.1.2 Phase 2: Analysis
In this stage, all kind of information and requirements that are related to the
application to be develop are gathered from the target users. The purpose of these
activities is to understand more about the existing work flow before developing a system
that suits to ‘Wise Budget Manager for Unisza’s Student Mobile Application’. From
the previous stage (planning), the requirement study can only provide the conceptual
idea of this system. In addition, studies of the existing system in term of its processes,
problems and solutions should be in more details. By doing this analysis, the developer
will be able to understand how the work and task should be done through the studies to
have desired results.
Next, after studying the requirements in full detail, a finalized requirement
document can be produced. The document can be updated anytime since users’
requirements may change from time to time. Besides, the developer need to keep on
doing research in order to match with the users’ requirements
Before moving to the next phase, a few work flow diagrams will be constructed.
The diagrams will help developer to give clearer idea while developing the system. The
diagrams include Data Flow Diagram (DFD), Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD), use
case diagram and context diagram.
19
Level 0
Figure 3.2 Context Diagram of Application
Figure 3.2 shows the main process of how Wise Budget Manager (WBM) work.
There are only two entities involves which are User and Admin. The role of admin is
that he can manage the data about the user and do maintenance of the application. The
admin does not need to register his profile in order to use the application as their data
information already inserted into the database in back-end development. So, the admin
only need to log in through the application by id and password.
While user need to register first their profile in order to use the application. Then
only he or she can log in into the application and input their income and expenses.
Wise Budget Manager for
Unisza’s Student Mobile
Application
0
User
Login
request
login
Login Message
Input income
Request
Report
Login Message
Expense updated message
Report details
Admin
login
Login Message
Manage
Maintain
User Information
Income updated message
Message
Input
expense
20
Level 0
Data Flow Diagram Level 0
Figure 3.3 DFD of Application Level 0
Figure 3.3 shows the overview process of WBM application. The application
carried out four main processes. Firstly, log into system. Then, manage income and
expense. Lastly, show report to the user.
User
login
User
Login Message 1.0
login
Login Message Login to
system
Login Request
login
Login Message
Invalid Password
D1 User
login
Login Message
User
Password
Manage
Income
2.0
login
Login Message
User
Authorization
Input Income
D2 Income
login
User
Login Message
Update
Income
4.0
login
User
Login Message Generate
Report
Input Expense
Generate Report
Income Details
3.0
login
Login Message Manage
Expense
D3 Expense
login
User
Login Message
User
Authorization
User
Authorization
Update
Expense
Expense Details
21
Level 1
1.0 Log into System
Figure 3.4 DFD Level 1
Figure 3.4 shows the login process of the system application in more detail. User
need to input their details in order to use the application. Then only he or she authorized
to use the application.
User
login
User
Login Message
New User
Registration
1.1
login
Login Message
D1 User
login
User
Login Message
Verify
Registration
Form
1.2
login
Login Message
1.3
login
Login Message Verify
Username
Password
1.5
login
User
Login Message Log into
system
Registration
request Registration
form
Valid
registration
form
Invalid registration
form
Username
Password
Details
Valid
Username
Password Access
Request
Valid Access
Authorization
Invalid
Username
Password
1.4
login
Login Message Username
Password
Recovery
D1 User
login
Login Message
Username
Password
Details
22
Level 2
2.0 Input Income into System
Figure 3.5 DFD Level 2 Manage Income
Figure 3.5 shows the income management process in more detail. User can input
their income and edit their income. Also, they can delete it if needed.
Add new
income
User
login
User
Login Message
2.1 Access
authorization 2.2
Verify new
income
New income
form
Invalid new
income form
D2 Income
login
Login Message
Insert new
income
information
2.3 2.4
Edit Income
Form
Edit Income
Income
Information
Details
Income
Identification
Id
Edit User
Income
Delete
Income
2.5
Verify Edit
Income Form Invalid Form
Edit Income
Form
Update
Income
Delete User
Income
2.6
23
Level 2
3.0 Input Expense into System
Figure 3.6 DFD Level 2 Manage Expense
Figure 3.6 shows the expense management process in more detail. User can
input their expense and edit their expense. Also, they can delete it if needed.
Add new
expense
User
login
User
Login Message
3.1 Access
authorization 3.2
Verify new
expense
New
expense form
Invalid new
expense form
D3 Expense
login
Login Message
Insert new
Expense
information
3.3 3.4
Edit Expense
Form
Edit Expense
Expense
Information
Details
Expense
Identification
Id
Edit User
Expense
Delete
Expense
3.5
Verify Edit
Expense Form Invalid Form
Edit Expense
Form
Update
Expense
Delete User
Expense
3.6
24
Level 2
4.0 Report Generation
Figure 3.7 DFD Level 2 Report Generation
Figure 3.7 shows the process of report generation in more detail. After retrieving
data from income and expense table, user can view the report details of their income
and expenses.
Generate
Report
User
login
User
Login Message
4.1
Request
Report
D3 Expense
login
Login Message
Expense
Information
Details
View Report Details
D2 Income
login
Login Message Income
Information
Details
View Report Details
25
Figure 3.8 Entity Relationship Diagram
As Figure 3.8 shows, there are four entities designed named User, Income,
Expense and Admin represented tables in the database. The relationship between the
entities explains the process that will be carried out by each entity.
User
user_id name
input Income
inc_type inc_id inc_date username
Admin
managed by
admin_pwd admin_name admin_id
inc_description inc_amount
1 M
1
1 1
M
Expense
exp_id exp_type exp_date
e
exp_description exp_amount
1
M
email password
photo
26
Entity Attribute Explanation Data Type Size Remark
user user_id Identification of user INT 10 PK
name Name of user TEXT
username Username of user VARCHAR 20
email Email of user TEXT
password Password of user VARCHAR 20
photo Photo of user TEXT
expense exp_id Identification of
expense
INT 50 PK
exp_type Type of expense TEXT
exp_amount Amount of expense VARCHAR 20
exp_description Description of expense VARCHAR 100
exp_date Date of expense DATE
exp_time Time of expense TIME
income inc id Identification of
income
INT 50 PK
inc_type Type of income TEXT
inc_amount Amount of income VARCHAR 20
inc_description Description of income VARCHAR 100
Table 3.2 Data Dictionary
27
3.1.3 Phase 3: Design
In this stage, the system work flow, program design, interface design and
database structure of the system are created. The system work flow based on the
requirements documentation from previous phase has to be designed carefully. After
the first version of system work flow is created, the developer will present it to the users
to get users’ feedbacks and confirmation. If the users do not satisfy with the result, the
system work flow will be redesign and modified. Then, the developer will present it
again to them until they satisfy with the result.
Next, for program and interface design, a first version of prototype will be
created according to the users’ requirements. This prototype will be presented to the
users in order to get user opinions. Once the users point out what they do not like and
what they really want in this system, then the prototype will be redesign again.
Lastly, database structure is created. The tables in the database have to be
organized properly so that the data retrieval can be work efficiently. Normalization on
the database is required in order to avoid time consuming while retrieving the data.
3.1.4 Phase 4: Implementation
This stage can be considered as complicated process. During implementation,
the tasks as following will be included: Implementing Wise Budget Manager for
UniSZA’s Student Mobile Application in Android Studio, Implementing database in
MySQL and System Testing.
28
Implementing using Android Studio
A powerful compiler is needed to support the whole system application of Wise Budget
Manager for UniSZA’s Student Mobile Application. Android Studio has been chosen
because it has features that can support Graphic User Interface, code editor and can run
an emulator. Development of an application is quick and easy to be used hence it can
just simply drag and drop the controls to the forms to design.
Implementing database in MySQL
MySQL will be use in order to create database in Android development. MySQL is an
open source SQL database which the core of it is MySQL server. The server handles all
of the database commands which is available as a separate program used in a client-
server environment and the library can be linked into separate applications.
System Testing
Testing will be done after several functionalities are completed. This will allow the
developer to keep track the errors in this system. It could be easier to fix the errors when
the system does not consist too much of coding. It will help the developer to save a lot
of time while developing the system.
29
3.2 Project Requirement
Project requirement contains of two parts which are software requirement and
hardware requirement. The requirements in this project are needed to ensure the
completion of processes are well covered. Hence, every aspect requirement needed
during implementation chapter need to be analyse simultaneously to ascertain the
correct usage of the application.
3.2.1 Software Requirement
List of software needed:
No. Software Purpose
1. Android Studio Used to code the core program of the project. It
debugs, run and test the application.
2. Notepad++ Used to code the program especially connection of
application to the database.
3. XAMPP Local Server.
4. Java, PHP, XML Programming language used.
5. MySQL Database , Database for the system application.
6. Microsoft Word 2016 Used to do the documentation of application.
7. Google Chrome A browser to run the localhost and searching for
information.
Table 3.3 List of software requirement
30
3.2.2 Hardware Requirement
There are some requirements which are as stated below:
No. Hardware Minimum Recommended
PC
1. CPU Intel Core i3 Intel Core i5
2. RAM 4GB 8GB
3. Hard Drive 100GB 150GB or more
Mobile Phone
1. CPU Quad Core 1.6GHz Octa Core 2.0GHz
2. Memory 16GB 32GB
Table 3.4 List of hardware requirement
31
3.3 Framework Design
Figure 3.9 Application Framework Design
32
3.4 Proof of Concept
3.4.1 Method/technique
JSON is short for JavaScript Object Notation. It is a lightweight data-
interchange format. It is a minimal, readable format for structuring data. It is used
primarily to transmit data between a server and web application, as an alternative to
XML. JSON is a way to store information in an organized, easy-to-access manner. It
gives us a human-readable collection of data that we can access in really logical manner.
It is also easy for machines to parse and generate data.
JSON is a text format that is completely language independent but uses
conventions that are familiar to programmers of C-family languages such as C, C++,
C#, Java, JavaScript, Perl, Python and others. These properties make JSON as an ideal
data-interchange language.
JSON is built on two structures. First, structure of collection of name or value
pairs. In various language, this is realized as an object, record, struct, dictionary, hash
table, keyed list or associative array. Second, structure of an ordered list of values. In
most language, this is realized as an array, vector, list or sequence. Thus, these are
universal data structures. In addition, all modern programming languages support them
in one form or another virtually. It makes sense that a data format which is
interchangeable with programming languages also be based on these structures.
33
Figure 3.10 JSON sample syntax of storing data
Figure 3.10 shows a simple example of storing JSON data. This creates an object
that we access using the variable jason. By enclosing the variable’s value in curly
bracket, it should be indicating that the value is an object. Inside the object, it should be
declaring any number of properties using a “name”: “value” pairing, separated by
commas. To access the information stored in Jason, it can simply refer to the name of
the property needed. For instance, use the following snippets to access information as
below:
Figure 3.11 JSON sample syntax of accessing information
3.4.2 Mobile Computing
Mobile computing refers to devices that allow people to access data and
information. The key advantage of mobile computing is convenience, allowing users
access to information and computational resources anywhere and anytime. It also can
be called as “human-computer interaction” which it can transport data, voice and video
over a network via a mobile device. It can be connected to the internet through LAN or
wireless technology such as Wi-Fi, WWAN and WLAN.
34
Mobile devices include cell phones and portable devices such as laptops
smartphones, tablets and wearable computers. While, mobile applications are mostly
watered down versions of web applications and computer applications. However, a
reversal is in the offing with smartphones are most likely to deliver more versatile and
full featured suite of internet applications.
Therefore, mobile computing can give a lot of benefits to the users. In term of
connectivity, users can stay connected to all sources at all times. While in social
engagement, a user can interact with a variety of users via the internet. In future, people
need to be ready to adapt with changes and bring about a whole set of new ideas to keep
on expanding in line with technologies.
3.5 Summary
To conclude, this entire chapter includes methodology to be implement in the
project. The planning of the project has been scheduled and allocated wisely to make
sure the system is able to be completed on time. The developer also has already
identified the project requirements to make sure the system application smoothly
operate without having any difficulties.
35
CHAPTER IV
IMPLEMENTATION
4.1 Implementation and Output
4.1.1 Introduction
This project is implemented using Android Studio which used to develop an
android application. This software is integrated to Integrated Development
Environment (IDE) which could help all the developers to code, design, test, debug
using smartphone and lastly to execute the all main processes of the project running the
application. Besides, this project uses Extensible Markup Language (XML) to design
the application which combine with Java language to make the application functions
well. It also uses Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP) language to execute requested file by
PHP runtime. This language also used to connect program in the Android Studio to the
MySQL database.
The core of the project is to focus on User site only. The users’ functions are
they can log into the application and select expense or income to be insert. After they
insert all the needed input, they can view it and the application will generate report base
on their income and expenses behaviour. Whereas Admin’s function is to log in the
36
application, controlling the application by Insert or Update new features and make some
changes of the application.
Testing and implementation are described to develop the system as a specific
design which are discussed early in the previous chapter. It is also verified to make sure
the application fulfils the user requirements and runs smoothly with error-free. This
chapter should be completed before the development of the application is finish. It will
cover entire of this chapter with testing the program on the mobile application
accurately.
37
4.1.2 Interfaces
Figure 4.1 First Interface of application for user site: Login Interface
The figure shows the interface of login activity for user site. User needs to input
their username and password in order to log into the application.
Input Process Output
Username
(Text field)
Password
(Text field)
User inserts both
username and
password data on
provided field.
If both username and password are valid, then
the home page will be displayed.
If both username and password entered are
wrong and invalid, then the user cannot log in.
Table 4.1 Login for user interface input-output design
38
Figure 4.2 Second Interface of application for user site: Registration Interface
The figure shows the interface of registration activity for user site. User needs
to input their name, username, email, password and confirm password to register for
using the application.
Input Process Output
Name (Text field)
Username (Text field)
Email (Text field)
Password (Text field)
Confirm password
(Text field)
User inserts name,
username, email,
password and
confirm password
data on provided
field.
If name, username, email, password
and confirm password are valid, then
the login page will be displayed.
If name, username, email, password
and confirm password entered are
wrong and invalid, then the user
registration is unsuccessful.
Table 4.2 Registration for user interface input-output design
39
Figure 4.3 Third Interface of application for user site: Home Interface
The figure shows the interface of homepage activity for user site. User can select
by tapping the activity to choose what to do.
Input Process Output
Expense
(Image button)
Income (Image
button)
Profile (Image
button)
Dashboard
(Image button)
User must choose to
select only an
activity which are
Expense, Income,
Profile, Dashboard,
Report and Logout.
If user click on “Expense”, then it will go to
the Expense page which will be appeared.
If user click on “Income”, then it will go to
the Income page which will be appeared.
If user click on “Profile”, then it will go to
the Profile page which will be appeared.
40
Report (Image
button)
Logout
(Button)
If user click on “Dashboard”, then it will go
to the Dashboard page which will be
appeared.
If user click on “Report”, then it will go to
the Report page which will be appeared.
If user click on “Logout”, then it will return
to the Login page.
Table 4.3 Home page for user interface input-output design
Figure 4.4 Fourth Interface of application for user site: Expense Interface
The figure shows the interface of expense activity for user site. User can insert
their expenses in the provided fields.
41
Input Process Output
Expense type (dropdown field)
Expense Amount (Text field)
Expense Description (Text field)
Date (Text field and button)
Time (Text field and button)
Add Expense (Button)
User needs to insert their
expenses (Expense type,
Expense amount, Expense
description, Expense date
and Expense time) data
into the provided field.
If user has insert all
the provided fields,
then the user clicks
on “Add Expense”,
the data inserted will
be insert into the
database.
Table 4.4 Expense page for user interface input-output design
Figure 4.5 Fifth Interface of application for user site: Income Interface
42
The figure shows the interface of income activity for user site. User can insert
their income in the provided field.
Input Process Output
Income Amount (Text
field)
Add Income (Button)
User needs to insert
their income (Income
Amount) data into
the provided field.
If user has insert into the provided
field, then the user clicks on “Add
Income”, the data inserted will be
insert into the database.
Table 4.5 Income page for user interface input-output design
Figure 4.6 Sixth Interface of application for user site: Dashboard Interface
The figure shows the interface of dashboard activity for user site. User can view
their income and expenses in this page.
43
Input Process Output
Tap on screen
and scroll
Tap on screen and scroll to
view income and expenses.
The details of income and expenses
inserted will be displayed.
Table 4.6 Dashboard page for user interface input-output design
Figure 4.7 Seven Interface of application for user site: Report Interface
The figure shows the interface of report activity for user site. User can view their
expenses report in this page.
44
Input Process Output
Tap on screen Tap on screen and scroll to
view user expenses.
The details of expenses inserted will
be displayed in pie chart.
Table 4.7 Report page for user interface input-output design
Figure 4.8 Eight Interface of application for user site: Profile Interface
The figure shows the interface of profile activity for user site. User can view
their profile and edit or update their name, username, email and password in this page.
45
Input Process Output
Photo (Image field)
Name (Text field)
Username (Text field)
Email (Text field)
Password (Text field)
Edit (Icon)
Save (Icon)
User can update their
profile (Photo, Name,
Username, Email and
Password) on the
provided fields.
If user clicks on “Edit Photo”, user
can upload their photo from
internal or external site
The information of user’s profile
can be updated if user clicks on
“Edit” and click “Save”.
Table 4.8 Profile page for user interface input-output design
4.2 Testing and Result
4.2.1 Introduction
Test case is a set of conditions or variables under which a tester will determine
whether a system or software under test satisfies requirements and functions properly.
The process of carry out test cases can also help find problems in the requirements or
design of a software application. It guides through the steps of the test which can define
test case as a set of step-by-step instructions to verify something behaves as it is required
to behave. The test case for log in, register new user, insert new data of income and
expenses, update user data and display all data of income and expenses. As a result, the
test case for main application which include the database for income and expenses.
46
4.2.2 Testing Analysis
Testing is a process rather than a single activity. It starts from test planning then
designing test cases, preparing for execution and evaluating status till the test closure.
Firstly, planning is to determine the scope and risks and identify the objectives of
testing. Control test is to measure and analyse the results of reviews and testing, monitor
test coverage, provide information on testing, initiate corrective actions and make
decisions. Second is an important phase which include analysis and design where
specifications are analysed and test cases designed. In this test phase, specifications are
analysed to understand what are the application’s functions.
This process advocates three step process. First is test conditions which verifies
a mall section of the functional specifications such as registration and login activities.
Second is test cases which is a set of inputs and expected outcome to verify the test
condition. Lastly, test procedure which is the actual sequence of actions or steps to
execute the test.
Third is implementation and execution. Test implementation is to develop and
prioritize test case by using techniques and create test data for those tests. Test
execution is to execute test suites and re-execute the test that previously failed in order
to confirm a fix. Then, compare actual results with expected results. Fourth is evaluating
and report. Evaluation is to check the test logs specified in test planning. Then, write a
test summary report. Fifth, test closure activities to check planned deliverables are
actually delivered.
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4.2.2.1 Black Box Testing
Black Box Testing is a software testing method in which the design,
implementation details and knowledge of internal paths of the software being tested is
not known to the tester. These tests can be functional or non-functional. It also known
as Behavioural Testing. This test is entirely based of the software requirements and
specifications. For example, testing process were carried out with the test input and
output. The test is based on insert, update, delete and display the data.
4.2.2.2 White Box Testing
White Box Testing is a software testing method in which the internal structure,
design and implementation details being tested is known to the tester. It also known as
Clear Box Testing, Open Box Testing, Glass Box Testing, Transparent Box Testing,
Code Based Testing or Structural Testing. It focuses primarily on strengthening
security, the flow of inputs and outputs through the application and improving design
and usability. A tester usually he developer as well which studies the implementation
of codes of a certain field on software application. The testing involved a series of
predefined inputs against expected output. So, when the result produced is not as
expected, it must encounter a bug. For example, each forms are tested whether it can
fill and to check validation such as log in as user. The expected result will be checked
when the data input is view.
48
4.2.3 Test Result and Analysis
Figure 4.9 The Application works well
The figure shows the application work well and successful connection between
the database and the application. If there appear “no address associated with host
name”, it means that there is no internet connection. If it happened, user cannot enter
the application.
49
Figure 4.10 The Log in process for user
The figure shows that the username and password are already inserted by the
developer into the database to test the application. If the username and password are
correct, the user can go through to the next page after clicking the “Login” button. If
the username and password entered is incorrect, the user will be stuck at the login page.
50
4.2.4 Test Case
Test Case for Successful of open the Application
Step Test Procedure Expected Result
1. Open the application of
Wise Budget Manager.
The login page will be display and the pop-up
message is not appear.
Table 4.9 Test Case for Successful of open the Application
Test Case for Unsuccessful of open the Application
Step Test Procedure Expected Result
1. Open the application of
Wise Budget Manager.
The login page will be display and the pop-up
message “no address associated with host name”
appear.
Table 4.10 Test Case for Unsuccessful of open the Application
51
Test Case for Successful Login for User
Step Test Procedure Expected Result
1. Open the application of Wise
Budget Manager.
View login page.
2. User enters the following details:
Example input:
Username: ikhmal
Password: 123
3. User click “Login” button. Login is loaded. Login is successful.
The application will be directed to the
user home page.
Table 4.11 Test Case for Successful Login for User
52
Test Case for Unsuccessful Login for User
Step Test Procedure Expected Result
1. Open the application of Wise
Budget Manager.
View login page.
2. User enters the following details:
Example input:
Username: ikhmal
Password: 123
3. User click “Login” button. Login is loaded. Login is unsuccessful.
The application will be stuck on the
login page until user rechecks the
username and password entered are
correct.
Table 4.12 Test Case for Unsuccessful Login for User
53
Test Case for Successful User Input Information
Step Test Procedure Expected Result
1. User home page. View user home page:
Image button for Expense
Image button for Income
Image button for Dashboard
Image button for Report
Image Button for Profile
2. User clicks on Expense image
button
View list of provided fields of “Input
Expense” form.
3. User key in the “Input Expense”
form:
Suggested input:
Expense Type: Food
Expense Amount: 10
Expense Description: Bunnyster
Cafe
Expense Date: 2018/8/1
54
Expense Time: 01:48
4. User clicks “Add Expense” It will display pop-up “Input Success”
and the application will be redirected
to the home page.
Table 4.13 Test Case for Successful User Input Information
55
Test Case for Successful User Update Information
Step Test Procedure Expected Result
1. User home page. View user home page:
Image button for Expense
Image button for Income
Image button for Dashboard
Image button for Report
Image Button for Profile
2. User clicks on Profile image
button
View list of user’s information in the
provided fields.
3. User update the data:
Suggested input:
Name: Ikhmal
Username: ikhmal
Email: [email protected]
Password: 123
The written field can be updated.
56
4. User clicks “Edit” and “Save”
icon.
The page will be loaded and it will
display pop-up “Success”. Then, user
details updated data is saved.
Table 4.14 Test Case for Successful User Update Information
4.2.5 Results
The expected results after releasing the application Wise Budget Manager is user
should be able to enter their income and spending of how much he or she expense for a
particular day, week and month. The user also can view their present and past of their
spending. Finally, this application will generate reports in chart such as expenses record
in order to summarize the money transaction that taken place to show the user budget
status. While on admin site, they can view, update or delete the data of the application
in the back-end. The developer also expected that the software application may be
usable, function well and fulfil the user requirement standard.
4.3 Summary
To summarize, this entire chapter includes all parts of the application. The
developer shows the interfaces that has been developed for Wise Budget Manager
application. The developer also does include few pop-up message after the user does
certain activities. This pop-up message will help alerting the user with their action. The
important phase which is testing phase did by the developer by testing the application
57
in order to optimize the application target for the high level. The developer can identify
errors and it is fixed properly in order to improve the functionality off the system.
Lastly, the developer does testing from test conditions, test cases until the test procedure
which can verify the execution test. If there’s error, the developer will fix the bugs
immediately.
58
CHAPTER V
RESULT AND CONCLUSION
5.1 Discussion
By the end of this study, “Wise Budget Manager for UniSZA’s Student Mobile
Application” project is successfully achieving objectives which are to design an
attractive and simple interface application that helps users to access easily, develop a
systematic application that improves students’ financial management and implement an
application using JSON technique based on methods that were carried out.
At the very first stage of the project, the objectives and scopes of the project are
clearly defined. Then, the task and schedule for the project implementation was planned
carefully to avoid project’s delay incident occurs. Next, after obtaining the system
requirements, the design of this system application interfaces and database is carried
out. During the design phase, every interfaces were coded and enhance intensively to
achieve perfection and well functions. After the completion of this software application
development and implementation, this application was then tested to ensure it is well
executed.
This application contributes toward solving some of the problem due to lack of
awareness in controlling the money especially students itself. User can manage their
budget related to their income and spending by just using a smartphone to manage that
59
data. Overall, the objectives and targets of the project was achieved and met. However,
there are some limitations to this system application.
5.2 System Constraints
Every system application needs some limitation to ensure it perform perfectly.
There are few problems found during the process in order to achieve the target and
objectives. The problems occur during the development of the application as the
following:
1. Since Wise Budget Manager is not a web based application, thus user cannot
retrieve username and password if they have forgotten.
2. The reports show comparison of expenses separately made on different type
of expenses. But the chart does not show or evaluate income made versus
expenses.
3. The android technology is rapidly growing from time to time. So, the
developer must alert with the new updated technology in order to prevent
application developed exist few bugs or not compatible with current
technology.
4. The application needs to have Wi-Fi connection to the internet or coverage
of mobile phone data network. If there is no internet connection, user cannot
input their records of their spending. So, user has too make sure the mobile
phone has internet connection before using the application.
60
5.3 Future Work
Although the application is well operated and well functions which follows the
milestone of the project respectively, there are few enhancements that can be carry out
in future to make Wise Budget Manager to become more powerful and better
performances.
For current report generation, it only limited to few options. Hence, it will be
better if the report can generate bar graph or line graph that shows all kind of reports
and it can evaluate income made versus expense. Currently, users have to key in income
amount manually. Hence, it is better if enhancements in bank synchronization which
could help users to keep track their records easily. It is lot better if the users can
synchronize with the electronic banking system.
Therefore, the constraints and limitations as described before can be corrected
and make some improvement in future. So, the developer must always alert with the
current technology to make sure the application developed meet the standard.
5.5 Conclusion
In a conclusion, “Wise Budget Manager for UniSZA’s Student Mobile
Application” project was developed to assist students manage their money. With
development of the application, it provides end users to record their income and
expenses. They also will always keep track of their expenses. Moreover, they were able
to control their spending and they will not easily over budget. Then, they were able to
manage their budget using their smartphone anywhere and anytime.
61
Lastly, the developer hopes this application can be used in business market and
achieve user expectation. Also, the application can give better solution or
recommendation to the users while giving feedback in order to improve the application
in future.
62
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