8/14/2019 wli17

1/57

Permeability

Permeability

8/14/2019 wli17

2/57

Permeability

Permeability

connects Static Petrophysics

with

Dynamic Reservoir Behavior

8/14/2019 wli17

3/57

Permeability

Fluid Flow through Pores

8/14/2019 wli17

4/57

Permeability

Permeability

rapid variability

leads to immense mismatches

when comparing different techniques

8/14/2019 wli17

5/57

Permeability

Darcys Law

kA pqx

=

8/14/2019 wli17

6/57

Permeability

Effective Permeability ke

flow of one fluid hinders the flow of another limitation of Darcys law

concept of Relative Permeability

kr = ke / k

kro + krw < 1

8/14/2019 wli17

7/57

Permeability

Fluid Flow Equations

for water,

for oil,

rww

W

k kA pq

x

=

roo

o

k kA pqx =

8/14/2019 wli17

8/57

Permeability

Radial Cylindrical Fluid Flow

for oil

( )( )

7.07

ln /

o e f

oo e w

k h p p

q r r

=

8/14/2019 wli17

9/57

Permeability

Radial Cylindrical Fluid Flow

for gas

( )

( )

2 2704

ln /

g e f

g

g e w

k h p pq

ZT r r

=

8/14/2019 wli17

10/57

Permeability

Permeability

fromEmpirical Correlations

8/14/2019 wli17

11/57

Permeability

Permeability Porosity

Relationships

somewhat tenuous?

8/14/2019 wli17

12/57

Permeability

Permeability Variations

due to variations in grain size

tortuosityshaliness

8/14/2019 wli17

13/57

Permeability

Porosity and Permeability

do not obey the same rules

Porosity : sorting

Permeability : grain size

pore throats

8/14/2019 wli17

14/57

Permeability

Porosity vsPermeability

8/14/2019 wli17

15/57

Permeability

8/14/2019 wli17

16/57

Permeability

Porosity vs.Permeability

8/14/2019 wli17

17/57

Permeability

Clay Dehydration in Core Handling

8/14/2019 wli17

18/57

Permeability

Clay Dehydration in Core Handling

8/14/2019 wli17

19/57

Permeability

Internal Surface Area

8/14/2019 wli17

20/57

Permeability

Impact of Grain Size

8/14/2019 wli17

21/57

Permeability

Permeability and Grain Size

8/14/2019 wli17

22/57

Permeability

Irreducible Water

8/14/2019 wli17

23/57

Permeability

Grain Size and Irreducible Saturation

8/14/2019 wli17

24/57

Permeability

Permeability

is related to . . .

Capillary Pressure

Irreducible Water Saturation

8/14/2019 wli17

25/57

Permeability

CapillaryPressure Plots

Indicate permeability

by . . .

entry pressure irreducible

saturation

8/14/2019 wli17

26/57

Permeability

Reservoir Quality & Heterogeneity

8/14/2019 wli17

27/57

Permeability

Kozeny - Carman

Permeability related to Porosityand Surface Area of Grains

( )

3

23

5 1

k

Ag

=

8/14/2019 wli17

28/57

Permeability

Wyllie and Rose Conjecture

Grain Surface Area

is related approximately

to

Irreducible Water Saturation Swirr

8/14/2019 wli17

29/57

Permeability

Permeability

Swirr is a surrogate for

Grain Surface Area

8/14/2019 wli17

30/57

Permeability

Wyllie and Rose

Permeability Relationship

31/ 2

wi

k C

S C

=

+

8/14/2019 wli17

31/57

Permeability

Timur Equation

for Permeability

2.251/ 2 100

wi

kS

=

8/14/2019 wli17

32/57

Permeability

8/14/2019 wli17

33/57

Permeability

Schlumberger Chart K-4

advantage that k = 0 at Swi = 1

and at e = 0

1/ 2 2 170 wiewi

Sk

S =

8/14/2019 wli17

34/57

Permeability

8/14/2019 wli17

35/57

Permeability

Permeability from Bulk Volume Water

BVWi = BVWiclean + Sbw t

1/ 2 2100 t ie

i

BVWk

BVW

=

8/14/2019 wli17

36/57

Permeability

BVWi = a constant

BVW = Sw= a constant

at irreducible saturation

BVW becomes BVWi

8/14/2019 wli17

37/57

Permeability

Pressure Behavior

during flow rate changes

8/14/2019 wli17

38/57

Permeability

Pressure Behavior

Drawdown Buildup

8/14/2019 wli17

39/57

Permeability

Drawdown Tests

from start of constant rate fluid flow, reservoirpressure drops exponentially

from shut-in to flowing

Drawdown is a measure of Permeability

analogous situation in Wireline Tester tools

8/14/2019 wli17

40/57

Permeability

Repeat

FormationTester RFT

8/14/2019 wli17

41/57

Permeability

RFT Pretest Record

8/14/2019 wli17

42/57

Permeability

Pretest

Drawdown vsQualitative k

8/14/2019 wli17

43/57

Permeability

Permeability from Pretest Drawdown

for standard wireline tester probes

and usual hole sizes:

5660d

qk

p

=

8/14/2019 wli17

44/57

Permeability

Influence of Flushed Zone

pretest drawdownpressure disturbance

mainly within flushed

zone

residual oil unfortunate spot on

rel. perm. curves

8/14/2019 wli17

45/57

Permeability

Wireline TesterPressure Record

8/14/2019 wli17

46/57

Permeability

PressureBehavior

High Permeability

Rapid Buildup

8/14/2019 wli17

47/57

Permeability

PressureBehaviour

Low Permeability

Slow buildup

8/14/2019 wli17

48/57

Permeability

Permeability from Buildup

on large sample

Horner Plot

Cylindrical Propagation

88.4c

c

qk

m h

=

8/14/2019 wli17

49/57

Permeability

Horner Plot

8/14/2019 wli17

50/57

Permeability

Pressure Disturbance Propagation

8/14/2019 wli17

51/57

Permeability

Permeability

from

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

8/14/2019 wli17

52/57

Permeability

Permeability from NMR

purely empirical

Numar

Schlumberger

( )2

410FF e

i

k

BVW

=

i

24

2,logek C T=

f

8/14/2019 wli17

53/57

Permeability

Permeability from NMR

NMR P it & P bilit

8/14/2019 wli17

54/57

Permeability

NMR Porosity & Permeability

8/14/2019 wli17

55/57

Permeability

8/14/2019 wli17

56/57

Permeability

8/14/2019 wli17

57/57

Permeability