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WLK Remote Sensing Imagery
Remote Sensing Imagery
North Korean Drought: Assistance to the UN Through Remote Sensing Imagery
12th January 2007
Remote Sensing Imagery
Agenda
•Corporate Background•Team Composition•Present Situation : What is happening Now•WLK Solution: Remote Sensing Solution•GIS Introduction•Project Timeline and Cost •Legal Issue
Remote Sensing Imagery
Corporate BackgroundWLK, Remote Sensing Researchand Consulting Inc
•Founded in January 1984 by Dr. Kim Kamkum •Main Business research studies, Image consulting and Rapid Remote Sensing Data Analysis services
•Relationship with the Universities of Korea and Seoul, FEMA and NOAA, and in the frame of Disaster Management research projects.
Remote Sensing Imagery
Key PersonnelPresident/CEO Park Ji-sung
박지성
Park has over 22 years of experience in executive management, business development, and sales within the technology industry. He has demonstrated success in all aspects of early-stage company growth, including strategic planning, team building, partnership development and fundraising. He has a BSEE degree from the University of California at Berkeley.
Security
WLK Remote Sensing Imagery
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Team Structure
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Key PersonnelProject ManagerSong Hye-Gyo
송혜교
For the past five years, Song has led the development of the WLK service. Song is an expert in designing and developing applications for distributed computing environments, large-scale project management, Remote Sensing technique and the utilization of location technologies. Over a 10 Years career, Song has provided expertise and/or developed software products for a variety of organizations including: General Dynamics Corporation, Honeywell Corporation,, The University of California, and the Government of Korea.
Security
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Corporate Structure:
Park Ji-SungPreisdent
Laure-Helene MillhomeVice President ( Legal )
Jean-Sebastian HuttVice President ( Business
Developemnt
Xavier Lopez AlabartVice President (Finance)
Poyan IbrahimAccountant
Song Hye GyoUN North Korea Project Manager
UN Client
Alexandre FrechetteUN Senegal Project
Manager
Scott MoonImage Processing
Specialist
David T.HaslamImage Processing
Specialist
William WidjajaAgriculture Specialist
Dag EvensbertImage Processing
Specialist
Remote Sensing Imagery
Team Composition:United Nation North Korea Project
Song Hye GyoUN North Korea Project Manager
Scott MoonImage Processing
Specialist
David T.HaslamImage Processing
Specialist
William WidjajaAgriculture Specialist
Dag EvensbertImage Processing
Specialist
Nabila El HamidUN Liaison Officer
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Task Assignment
•Deadlines•Task delegation
•ImageProcurement•Client Contacts
Project Manager
Agriculture Specialist
•Creation of interpretation models
•Creation of maps
•Extraction of Information
•Creation of Interpreted maps
Image Processing Specialist
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Resources
Based on a project timeline of 4-5 weeks
Personnel: 1 Project Manager, 50% time commitment
4 Image Analysts, 40% time commitment
1 United Nations Liaison
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Resources (2)Hardware/Facilities:>5 Personal Workstations with
large dual monitors to facilitate image visualization
>Server cluster for resource sharing and high load processing, associated equipment
>Offices, Server HousingSoftware:>Windows XP Operating System>ERDAS IMAGINE 8.7 Image
manipulation software>ArcView Geographic Information
System software
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Resources (3)
Data:>Data Sources:
– METEOSAT: for weather and growing condition prediction
– Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images
– Visual Imagery Data (LANDSAT?)
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WLK Services
•Deliver satellite images with additional information pertaining to crop growth and inventory, distribution infrastructure, population distribution, urbanization, and relief sustainability•Image interpretation training•Catalogue focus areas for the relief effort
WLK Remote Sensing Imagery
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Present Situation
Remote Sensing Imagery
drought, impact on corn (clearly visible)
normal weather (corn in good condition)
North Korean Drought
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Food situation in North Korea• Serious problems of Famine in North Korea • Most destructive famine of 1990s : 3 to 5% of the population
killed• Some of the reasons:
>Unfavorable climate and natural hazards including droughts and flooding which destroy crops.
>Political isolation on the international scene.>Unfavorable agricultural situation.
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North Korea’s Agriculture
North Korea’s main agriculture product include:> Rice (~30%)> Corn> Potatoes> Soybeans> Beans> Cattle> Pork> Eggs
Climate, elevation, and soil conditions are not particularly favorable for farming
About 18% of the total landmass (approximately 2.2 million hectares) is arable
Remote Sensing Imagery
Farming concentration in the flatlands of the four west coast provinces:• Longer growing season• level land• adequate rainfall• good, irrigated soil
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The UN food aid to North The UN food aid to North KoreaKorea• Bilateral assistance
• Main organisms: FAO and WFP• Average assistance of WFP over the past 10 years: 1,7B$ and 6,5 million people/year.
Remote Sensing Imagery
UN NeedsShort team needs> Evaluate the severity of the drought> Determine the water reserves> Determine the crops state> Forecast the global food production
– To know how much need will need to bring Food and Water
> Track of the need bring– Logistics monitoring and optimization• GPS + roadmap , amount and intermediates
Long term needs> Improve the food need balance> Determine the crops efficiency
– Best characteristics, rain, region, etc> Continuous crop growing
– To Anticipated to problems
WLK Remote Sensing Imagery
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Remote Sensing Solution
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General Solution•Water>State>Precipitation>Soil moisture
•Crop >State (Current crop level, Drought severity map)>Forecasting (Expected crop yield)
•Integration into Geographical Information System>Map data from other systems ( Eg. Population,
topographic, etc )•Train to use system and maps interpretation>GIS introduction course
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Our Solution in detailParameter Description Uses
Current Precipitation vs. Past Precipitation
(Drought Classification)
Map compiled from the estimation from the clouds durations and historical data
Severity of drought and drought area classification
Crop Classification
Crop classification based on the spectrum trace of the different species and health
Type of crops that are affected
Drought indexThorough evaluation of
drought severity by region
Crop grown index State of affected crops
Population distributionPopulation sectors in
need
Distribution Infrastructure
Logistic planning aid
Historic Trend Information
Sustainability of aid programme
Crop ForecastingLong term planning and
sustainability tool
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Precipitation Data
• Map compiled from the estimation from the clouds durations and historical data
• Severity of drought and drought area classification
• Meteosat (Eumesat)• 2 days after data
reception
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Planning Data & ScheduleParameter Sources Delivered
Current Precipitation vs. Past Precipitation
(Drought Classification)Meteosat (Eumesat)
2 days after data reception
Crop Classification
Radat Satellites ( Radarsat, Meris,
Merin, ) and Vegetation sensor
2 days after data reception
Drought index1 week after data
reception
Crop grown index1 week after data
reception
Population distribution1 week after data
reception
Distribution Infrastructure
1 week after data reception
Historic Trend Information
4 weeks after data reception
Crop Forecasting4 weeks after data
reception
Remote Sensing Imagery
What is GIS ?An Example:Weather OverlayRadarsat Over TimeInfrastructureDigital Elevation ModelLandsat BaseSPOT 5 Geo-LinkKOMPSAT-2
LAYERMODEL
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Weather Overlay
Radarsat Over TimeInfrastructureDigital Elevation ModelTopographicLandsat BaseSPOT 5 Geo-LinkKOMPSAT-2
LAYERMODEL
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Landsat Base Image
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Digital Elevation Model
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Infrastructure Links
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Topographic Overlay
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North Korean Agriculture
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North Korean Rice
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North Korean Corn Production
WLK Remote Sensing Imagery
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Legal Issues
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Legal Aspects (1)
Legal Environment>UN Principles of Remote Sensing (RS) are applicable
to WLK–Freedom of RS: right to carry out a RS activity
over North Korea –Exception: North Korea invokes
National/International Security–Non-discriminatory principle: North Korea shall
have access to the information at a reasonable cost
>Respect of other regulations (OST, Human Rights…)
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Legal Aspects (2)Intellectual Property
>Protection of databases by copyright ©
Contractual arrangement with UN>Conditions and provisions of products &
services>Payment>Protection of information>Breach of contract>Liability>Conflict & arbitration
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Risk Management
Risks Mitigation
Deterioration of political relations between North Korea and UN and subsequent interruption or cancellation of aid programme
Reinforce the conditions of the contractCancellation clause in contractCompensation for breach of contract
Denial of access to some parts of North Korea for food distribution
UN Negotiation with North Korea
WLK Remote Sensing Imagery
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Conclusion
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Additional Slides
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RADARSAT
Sun-Synchronous dawn-dusk 18:00>24/7/3 days repeat cycle>Global coverage 4,5 days>Might be complex in drought conditions>“Standard beam mode is fine for crop assessment”
– Shallow incidence crop monitoring– Steep soil moisture– Beam mode several times smaller than
agricultural fields!!– Dawn orbit best to reduce rain effects
(evaporation)
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North Korea Topography DataNorth Korea Area: 120,540 km
>Arable: 18 % 22 000 km2>We want MAP IMAGE PROCESSING(?)>Emergency programming 3 days before
–Priority programming mode suitable–Express 7-14 days before
>Prosessing–48 hours 500/scene–2 weeks free
>Provide map of area
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Landsat
Scene size ~170x170 kmRevisit time 18 daysETM+ band 4,5,7 combined with 1,2 or 3
for vegetation healthPath/Row data pattern~11 regions in DPRKScheduling done by US
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Risks
Programming conflict>Pay for priority data>Can cause delay
Cloud cover>Can delay visual data acquisition>Can cause spotty visual coverage of
area of interest
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Key Situation
•Drought in 95-96 decline in agriculture base ( Unable to meet population basic food needs .
•Unsustainable land use such as large scale-deforestation and farming on sloping land leads to soil erosion and decrease in agriculture productivity
Remote Sensing Imagery
Key Situation (2)
•Transportation, mining and agriculture decline .•Coal production and electricity is lower than 80s •Difficulties in maintaining public infrastructures such as roads , electricity and water and sanitation facilities. •Agriculture sector is lacking of quality seeds, fertilizer and fuel .
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Key Situation (3)
•Urban workers little income•Agriculture lean there is a poor attendance in educational institution in towns . •PDS was revived in 2005 however logistical and administrative constraint •Shortages and household food insecurity continues
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Food Security Issue
•Farmers have more food security than non-farmers •People in the rural areas have more food than the towns•Food gap exists •Estimate vulnerable groups will face food shortage
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Objective of WFP Assistance
Support Government effort for long-term food security and sustainable live hoods and community based initiative and food for community development (FFCD)
Government long-term strategy Local food Production ( LFP )
Logistic support for PDS