Woking Borough Council · PDF fileWoking Borough Council LAQM updating and screening...

Woking Borough Council

LAQM updating and screening assessment 2015

April 2015

Amec Foster Wheeler Environment

& Infrastructure UK Limited

3 © Amec Foster Wheeler Environment & Infrastructure UK Limited

April 2015 Doc Ref. 36974r001i2

Executive summary

Part IV of the Environment Act 1995 places a statutory duty on local authorities to review and assess the air

quality within their area and take account of Government Guidance when undertaking such work. This

Updating and Screening Assessment (USA) is a requirement of the Review and Assessment process and is

a requirement for all local authorities. The Report has been undertaken in accordance with the Technical

Guidance LAQM.TG (09) and associated tools.

Woking Borough Council have completed all past rounds of Review and Assessment. This USA considers

all new monitoring data and assesses the data against the Air Quality Strategy objectives. It also considers

any changes that may have an impact on air quality.

A Further Assessment of NO2 in the area around Anchor Hill carried out in 2015 showed that the AQMA

should remain in place because although in some places the objective is being achieved, concentrations in

some places are above the AQO. Despite this, new monitoring data in the area around Anchor Hill show

concentrations below the Air Quality Objective for NO2, at locations where pollution levels are considered to

be representative of levels at nearby properties that are close to the road.

Additional monitoring in the area around Constitution Hill commenced in 2014 showed an exceedence of the

NO2 AQO in one location. The new monitoring locations introduced in 2014 should remain in order to

determine whether further action will be needed.

Proposed actions are therefore:

1. Continue to monitor and analyse concentrations at all locations included in the current

monitoring programme, with specific consideration on Anchor Hill and Constitution Hill

2. Submit the 2016 Progress Report.



Contents

1. Introduction 6

1.1 Description of local authority area 6

1.2 Purpose of report 6

1.3 Air quality objectives 6

1.4 Summary of previous review and assessments 7

2. New monitoring data 10

2.1 Summary of monitoring undertaken 10 Automatic monitoring sites 10 Non-automatic monitoring sites 10

2.2 Comparison of monitoring results with AQ objectives 14 Nitrogen dioxide 14 PM10 18 Sulphur dioxide 18 Benzene 18 Summary of compliance with AQS objectives 18

3. Road traffic sources 19

3.1 Narrow congested streets with residential properties close to the kerb 19

3.2 Busy streets where people may spend 1-hour or more close to traffic 19

3.3 Roads with a high flow of buses and/ or HGVs. 19

3.4 Junctions 19

3.5 New roads constructed or proposed since the last round of review and assessment 20

3.6 Roads with significantly changed traffic flows 20

3.7 Bus and coach stations 20

4. Other transport sources 21

4.1 Airports 21

4.2 Railways (diesel and steam trains) 21

4.3 Stationary trains 21

4.4 Moving trains 21

4.5 Ports (shipping) 21

5. Industrial sources 22

5.1 Industrial installations 22 New or proposed installations for which an air quality assessment has been carried out 22 Existing installations where emissions have increased substantially or new relevant exposure has been introduced 22 New or significantly changed installations with no previous air quality assessment 22

5.2 Major fuel (petrol) storage depots 22

5.3 Petrol stations 22

5.4 Poultry farms 22



6. Commercial and domestic sources 23

6.1 Biomass combustion – individual installations 23

6.2 Biomass combustion – combined impacts 23

6.3 Domestic solid-fuel burning 23

7. Fugitive or uncontrolled sources 24

8. Conclusions and proposed actions 25

8.1 Conclusions from new monitoring data 25

8.2 Conclusions from assessment of sources 25

8.3 Proposed actions 25

9. References 26

Table 1.1 Air quality objectives included in regulations for the purpose of LAQM in England 7 Table 1.2 Outcomes from previous review and assessments 7 Table 2.1 Non-automatic monitoring sites 13 Table 2.2 Results of 2011 - 2014 NO2 diffusion tubes 14

Figure 1.1 Map of AQMA boundaries 9 Figure 2.1a Location of non-automatic monitoring sites West – showing Anchor Hill 11 Figure 2.1b Location of non-automatic monitoring sites East – showing Constitution Hill 12 Figure 2.2 Trends in NO2 concentrations measured at diffusion tube monitoring sites 17

Appendix A Raw diffusion tube data 2014 Appendix B QA:QC data



1. Introduction

1.1 Description of local authority area

The Woking Borough Council area covers 6,359 hectares (22 square miles). It comprises a continuous

urban area centred on Woking town centre but stretching from Byfleet and West Byfleet in the east to

Knaphill in the west surrounded by open Green Belt countryside. Within the countryside there are small

settlements the largest of which are the villages of Brookwood and Mayford. The area protected by Green

Belt comprises about 60% of the borough.

The borough includes the valleys of the River Wey, Bourne and Hoe Streams. The Wey Navigation link

Guilford with the Thames River meanders along the southeastern boundary of the borough and the

Basingstoke Canal crosses from west to east.

The population of the borough is around 100,000 people and has been rising steadily over the past thirty five

years with the construction of major new housing estates.

The borough has transport links via electrified rail lines to London and the southwest. The M25 motorway

runs through the borough, with the M3 and A3 also easily accessible. There are a number of main arterial A-

roads that are present in the borough such as the A320, A247, A324, A245 and A3046. The main sources of

air pollutants in the borough are busy and congested roads.

Current industrial activity is generally restricted to a number of small-medium size industrial estates with only

a handful of larger manufacturing operations. There are no currently operating extractive industries such as

brick manufacture, gravel pits or landfills in the borough. There are around 30 industrial processes that have

the required permits issued by either the Council the Environment Agency.

1.2 Purpose of report

This report fulfils the requirements of the Local Air Quality Management (LAQM) process as set out in Part IV

of the Environment Act (1995), the Air Quality Strategy for England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland

2007 and the relevant Policy and Technical Guidance documents. The LAQM process places an obligation

on all local authorities to regularly review and assess air quality in their areas, and to determine whether or

not the air quality objectives are likely to be achieved. Where exceedences are considered likely, the local

authority must then declare an Air Quality Management Area (AQMA) and prepare an Air Quality Action Plan

(AQAP) setting out the measures it intends to put in place in pursuit of the objectives.

The objective of this Updating and Screening Assessment is to identify any matters that have changed which

may lead to risk of an air quality objective being exceeded. A checklist approach and screening tools are

used to identify significant new sources or changes and whether there is a need for a Detailed Assessment.

The USA report should provide an update of any outstanding information requested previously in Review

and Assessment reports.

1.3 Air quality objectives

The air quality objectives applicable to LAQM in England are set out in the Air Quality (England) Regulations

2000 (SI 928), The Air Quality (England) (Amendment) Regulations 2002 (SI 3043), and are shown in Table

1.1. This table shows the objectives in units of microgrammes per cubic metre μgm-3 (milligrammes per

cubic metre, mg/m3 for carbon monoxide) with the number of exceedences in each year that are permitted

(where applicable).



Table 1.1 Air quality objectives included in regulations for the purpose of LAQM in England

Pollutant Concentration Measured as Date to be achieved by

Benzene 16.25 µg/m3 Running annual mean 31.12.2003

5.00 µg/m3 Running annual mean 31.12.2010

1,3-Butadiene 2.25 µg/m3 Running annual mean 31.12.2003

Carbon monoxide 10.0 mg/m3 Running 8-hour mean 31.12.2003

Lead 0.5 µg/m3 Annual mean 31.12.2004

0.25 µg/m3 Annual mean 31.12.2008

Nitrogen dioxide 200 µg/m3 not to be exceeded more than 18 times a year

1-hour mean 31.12.2005

40 µg/m3 Annual mean 31.12.2005

Particles (PM10) (gravimetric)

50 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more than 35 times a year

24-hour mean 31.12.2004

40 µg/m3 Annual mean 31.12.2004

Sulphur dioxide 350 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more than 24 times a year

1-hour mean 31.12.2004


24-hour mean 31.12.2004


15-minute mean 31.12.2005

1.4 Summary of previous review and assessments

Table 1.2 Outcomes from previous review and assessments

Title Date Outcome

Updating and Screening Assessment 2006

2006 The Council determined that there was an unlikely risk of the air quality objectives for carbon monoxide, benzene, 1,3-butadiene, lead, sulphur dioxide or PM10 being exceeded by the relevant years anywhere in the Council’s area. The Council therefore decided they did not need to proceed beyond the Updating and Screening Assessment for these pollutants. Monitoring identified an exceedence of the annual mean NO2 objective at Anchor Hill, Knaphill. As a consequence the Council proceeded to a Detailed Assessment for this area.

Anchor Hill Detailed Assessment

2007 The detailed assessment undertaken at Anchor Hill predicted that the annual mean concentration of NO2 close to facades of houses on the north side of Anchor Hill have the highest predicted concentrations and these are just below the annual mean standard (by < 1 µgm-3). Predictions for 2010 indicated that concentrations at all facades and the diffusion tube site will not exceed the objective. As a result it was concluded that an Air Quality Management Area (AQMA) did not need to be designated in the area. The diffusion tube monitoring in this area was subsequently extended to include two additional locations.

Progress Report 2008

2008 Monitoring data for NO2 indicated that the air quality objectives for NO2 were not exceeded at locations across the Borough at locations of relevant public exposure. Based on the findings in this report there was no need for the Council to progress to a Detailed Assessment or declare any areas as AQMAs.



Table 1.2 (continued) Outcomes from previous review and assessments

Title Date Outcome


2009 Monitoring data for NO2 confirmed that the annual mean nitrogen dioxide objective was exceeded at three locations; the kerbside sites at Anchor Hill in Knaphill and Victoria Way in Woking, plus the bridge over the M25. These sites did not represent relevant exposure. All other sites in the Borough monitored for nitrogen dioxide and benzene met the relevant annual mean objectives. No potential or actual exceedences at relevant locations were established, and so it was not necessary to proceed to a Detailed Assessment.


2010 Monitoring data of NO2 indicated that the air quality objectives for NO2 were being met at locations across the Borough where there is relevant public exposure. It was determined that it was not necessary to proceed to a Detailed Assessment for any location.


2011 Monitoring data of NO2 determined that there were seven areas in the borough with NO2 levels exceeding the annual mean objectives. Two of these areas are representative of public exposure. The site at Anchor Hill (AH1) has had a Detailed Assessment previously carried out in 2007. Whilst this tube is not positioned at a location of relevant exposure, it is considered to be representative of nearby properties that are close to the road. The council planned to undertake additional monitoring at locations of relevant exposure and if exceedences were recorded, carry out a Detailed Assessment. The site on Monument Road recorded an exceedence for the first time. Further monitoring will be carried out to determine if a Detailed Assessment is required.


2012 Monitoring data in the area around Anchor Hill show a continued exceedence of the Air Quality Objective for NO2 at a location where pollution levels are considered to be representative of levels at nearby properties that are close to the road. A Detailed Assessment of NO2 in the area around Anchor Hill was recommended with the results of the additional monitoring put in place in January 2012 being used to validate the modelling results. Additional monitoring was also recommended in the area around Constitution Hill. All other potential sources of air pollution in Woking were checked and Woking Borough Council confirmed there were no changes that require further assessment.

Detailed Assessment 2012

2012 Dispersion modelling identified predicted exceedences of the annual mean NO2 air quality objective at the façade of properties at the top of Anchor Hill. Contour plots showed that concentrations at the three main housing blocks at the top of Anchor Hill exceeded the objective or were within 10% of the objective. Due to the historical trend of high pollution levels at this location and the modelled exceedences it was recommended that Woking Borough Council declare an AQMA in this area.


2013 The results from both monitoring and assessment of sources in the borough indicated that the air quality objectives outside of the planned Anchor Hill AQMA were being met and will continue to be met in the future. No Detailed Assessments were required.


2014 The results from both monitoring and assessment of sources in the borough indicate the air quality objectives outside of the Anchor Hill AQMA and an air quality “hot spot” at Constitution Hill area are currently being met, and it was considered that they will continue to be met in the future. Given the elevated NO2 concentrations observed in 2013 and the limited number of diffusion tubes in the area known as Constitutional Hill, the Council stated they intended to undertake additional diffusion tube monitoring at locations of relevant exposure. Should these diffusion tubes indicate exceedences of the annual average air quality objective, a Detailed Assessment will subsequently be undertaken to determine the magnitude and the geographical extent of the exceedence. No Detailed Assessments were required at this time. Proposed actions were therefore: 1. Deployment of additional NO2 diffusion tubes in the Constitution Hill area but in particular the Guildford Road, Woking for a representative period to ascertain the levels of NO2 and hence determine if a Detailed Assessment/AQMA is required 2. Proceed to Updating and Assessment Report 2015.

AQMA Declaration Jan 2014

The Council declared an AQMA as a result of exceedences of the annual mean NO2 air quality objective at Anchor Hill

Anchor Hill Further Assessment

2015 Based on the results of the assessment it is recommended that the AQMA should remain in place as both monitoring and modelling results show that although in some places the objective is being achieved, concentrations in some places are above the AQO. WBC should also use the results of the source apportionment calculations and the reduction in NOx emissions calculations to inform development of an AQAP to achieve compliance with the AQO at an earlier date than would be the case if relying on fleet renewal alone. The most effective measures to tackle pollution in the AQMA would be those that reduce the total traffic volume, the amount of time that vehicles spend at the junction with their engines running and/ or those that reduce acceleration across the junction.



Figure 1.1 Map of AQMA boundaries



2. New monitoring data

2.1 Summary of monitoring undertaken

Automatic monitoring sites

There are no continuous monitoring sites located within Woking Borough.

Non-automatic monitoring sites

Monitoring for NO2 is undertaken using passive diffusion tubes at twenty-eight sites throughout the Borough.

The locations of these monitoring sites are shown in Figure 2.1 and details of these sites in Table 2.1.

Annual mean concentrations for the past four years are provided in Table 2.2. Trends in annual mean

concentrations since 2011 are provided in Figure 2.2.

Quality control procedures, including bias adjustment, are discussed in Appendix A.



Figure 2.1a Location of non-automatic monitoring sites West – showing Anchor Hill

Contains Ordnance Survey data © Crown Copyright, All Rights Reserved. 2015.



Figure 2.1b Location of non-automatic monitoring sites East – showing Constitution Hill

Contains Ordnance Survey data © Crown Copyright, All Rights Reserved. 2015.

Legend



Table 2.1 Non-automatic monitoring sites

Site ID Site Name X Y

Distance from road to relevant exposure (m)

Distance to kerb (m)

In AQMA?

Cott1 Constitution Hill 1 500437 158120 3 1 No

Cott2 Constitution Hill 1 500453 158100 15 1 No

M25 M25 505611 161180 2 - No

Church Church Road 506401 160504 - - No

RC Rosebery Crescent 500946 157110 10 1 No

AH Anchor Hill 1 496618 158699 69 1 Yes

AH2 Anchor Hill 2 496615 158696 0 5 Yes




AH6 Anchor Hill 6 49587 158668 0 2.3 Yes

LGR Lower Guildford Rd 496601 158668 0 3 Yes

LD Lincoln Drive 503244 159659 12 1 No

VW Victoria Way 500510 159030 - 1 No

BD Bitterne Drive 498025 158949 - - No

BR Bagshot Road 495821 157793 15 1 No

BR1 Bagshot Road 495852 157188 21 1.5 No

PR Dartnell Avenue (previously Parvis Road)

504926 161063 12 1 No

WL Woodham Lane 502854 161062 31 1 No

GR Goldsworth Road 499952 158545 6 1 No

MR Monument Road 501611 159645 4 2 No

MR2 Monument Road 501613 159646 18 2 No



Table 2.1 (continued) Non-automatic monitoring sites

Site ID Site Name X Y

Distance from road to relevant exposure (m)

Distance to kerb (m)

In AQMA?

CW Cavell Way 496214 157989 - - No

BW Broadway 495874 157971 18.7 1 No

CH Constitution Hill 4 500417 158102 7 1.5 No

CH2 Constitution Hill 5 500367 158073 12 1 No

CH3 Constitution Hill 6 500336 158017 20 1.5 No

CH4 Constitution Hill 7 500337 157987 20 1 No

2.2 Comparison of monitoring results with AQ objectives

Nitrogen dioxide

Diffusion tube monitoring data

The 2011-2014 annual mean NO2 concentrations recorded at the passive diffusion tube sites in the Borough

are shown in Table 4. Data capture for some sites were below the recommended 75%, therefore

annualisation was undertaken, in accordance with the guidance in Box 3.2 of LAQM.TG(09) (Defra, 2009).

The bias adjustment factor of 0.8 for 2014 has been taken from Defra’s UK national bias adjustment

spreadsheet (version 03/15) and is based on the results of 1 study in the UK. As only 1 study was used,

caution should be taken when using the bias correction factor produced for 2014. Results based on the

2013 bias adjustment factor of 0.87 are also shown in Table 2.2 for comparison.

Table 2.2 Results of 2011 - 2014 NO2 diffusion tubes

Site ID 2011 (Bias adjustment factor = 1.06)

2012 (Bias adjustment factor = 0.91)




Cott1 29.7 34.8 36.0 33.7 31.0

Cott2 23.6 24.9 27.4 19.3 17.8

M25 66.3 50.4 52.1 54.7 50.3

Church 26.5 41.1 43.9 21.7 19.9

RC 19.3 18.6 21.4 19.3 17.7*

AH 47.7 35.1 41.5 40.4 37.1

AH2 37.6 42.8 36.5 31.6 29.1



Table 2.2 (continued) Results of 2011 - 2014 NO2 diffusion tubes

Site ID 2011 (Bias adjustment factor = 1.06)





AH3 28 30.4 30.7 22.5 20.7

AH4 - 33.3 32.0 26.7 24.6

AH5 - 15.5 32.0 28.6 26.3

AH6 - - 32.0 36.4 33.5

LGR - - 32.3 27.4 25.2

LD 21.6 21.7 19.8 17.8 16.3

VW 42.8 37.8 40.4 29.8 27.4

BD 18.7 20.8 17.8 15.1 13.9

BR 32.6 30.6 30.6 26.6 24.5

BR1 - - - 23.8 23.1*

PR 26.3 25.7 26.8 25.3 23.3

WL 33.7 31.7 33.3 28.7 26.4

GR 31.8 30.0 32.2 25.7 23.6

MR 38.6 32.5 33.3 29.4 27.1*

MR2 - - 34.0 31.8 29.3

CW - 22.6 28.1 23.3 21.5

BW - 22.8 28.0 20.9 19.2

CH - 41.1 43.9 37.2 34.2

CH2 - - - 44.2* 40.6*

CH3 - - - 41.2* 37.9*

CH4 - - - 37.6* 34.5*

(-) Data not available Exceedences of the AQP are shown in bold. * Annualised because data capture was below 75%.

Exceedences of the annual mean 40 µgm-3 objective limit were recorded at two locations in 2014 when the

2014 national bias adjustment factor was used, as shown in bold in Table 4. However, when results were

adjusted with the bias adjustment factor of 0.87, there were four exceedences of the AQO recorded,

including an additional exceedence at Constitution Hill and another at Anchor Hill.



The monitoring site at the M25 is located on a bridge over the motorway. The site has recorded high levels

of NO2 as would be expected close to a motorway. Previous rounds of Review and Assessment have

determined this site is not representative of relevant exposure (Woking Borough Council, 2014). It is

confirmed this site is still not representative of relevant exposure in 2014. The monitoring site at Victoria

Way has also recorded exceedences of the NO2 AQO over a number of years and has been confirmed to be

non-representative of relevant exposure as the properties in the locality are all commercial.

The Anchor Hill monitoring sites are located on a steep hill leading to a traffic light controlled junction. This

site had a Detailed Assessment carried out in 2012 and a Further Assessment carried out in 2015. The

results in the 2015 Further Assessment highlighted the need to consider options to reduce exposure of

nearby residential receptors (Amec Foster Wheeler, 2015). Despite the fact that the exceedence of the AQO

on Anchor Hill in 2014 is only monitored if the 2013 bias adjustment factor is used, it is recommended that

the AQMA remain in place until further monitoring consistently records concentrations below the AQO.

The exceedence of the AQO at monitor CH2 on Constitution Hill is marginal when the concentration is bias

adjusted using the 2014 national adjustment factor, with a concentration of 40.6 μgm-3 recorded. Two

exceedences are recorded at Constitution Hill when the 2013 bias adjustment factor is used. As only 8

months of monitoring data are available and exceedences are marginal, it is necessary to continue

monitoring in this area and consider undertaking a Detailed Assessment if further exceedences are recorded

in the future at this location.

Trends in annual mean NO2 concentrations since 2011 are shown in Figure 2.2. This data indicates that

concentrations have been reasonably stable in recent years, with most sites showing decreases on

concentrations between 2013 and 2014. In particular, it should be noted that the M25 monitor has shown

large decreases since 2011. Monitors at the M25, Anchor Hill and Constitution Hill have shown

exceedences of the AQO since 2011.



Figure 2.2 Trends in NO2 concentrations measured at diffusion tube monitoring sites



Analysis of UK continuous NO2 monitoring data has shown that it is unlikely that the hourly mean NO2

objective, of 18 hourly means over 200 μgm-3, would be exceeded where the annual mean objective is below

60 μgm-3. There are no exceedences of 60 μgm-3 in 2014 at any of the diffusion tube locations, therefore the

hourly mean is unlikely to be breached. Despite the M25 monitor showing exceedences of 60 μgm-3 in

previous years, it is not considered to be of a relevant exposure.

PM10

No PM10 monitoring is undertaken in the Woking Borough Council area.

Sulphur dioxide

No SO2 monitoring is undertaken in the Woking Borough Council area.

Benzene

No Benzene monitoring is undertaken in the Woking Borough Council area.

Monitoring for Benzene was undertaken using passive diffusion tubes at one site, Sandy Lane, until May

2008.

Summary of compliance with AQS objectives

Two sites have been recorded as exceeding the annual mean objective levels for NO2. Only one of these

sites (Constitution Hill) is located at relevant exposure. As this is the first year of monitoring data available in

the area, and the exceedence is less than 1 μgm-3, no further action is considered necessary at this time.

It is recommended to continue monitoring at Anchor Hill to determine if the AQMA can be revoked and

Constitution Hill to determine if a Detailed Assessment is necessary.



3. Road traffic sources

3.1 Narrow congested streets with residential properties close to the kerb

Woking Council confirms that there are no new/ newly identified congested streets with a flow above

5,000 vehicles per day and residential properties close to the kerb, that have not been adequately

considered in previous rounds of Review and Assessment.

3.2 Busy streets where people may spend 1-hour or more close to traffic

Woking Council confirms that there are no new /newly identified busy streets where people may spend

1 hour or more close to traffic.

3.3 Roads with a high flow of buses and/ or HGVs.

Preparation and construction works for the new link road as part of the Sheerwater Access Improvement

Scheme commenced in February 2013 and were completed in November 2013. Sheerwater Business Park

was adversely affected by poor access to the M25 for larger heavy goods vehicles (HGVs), which had to

negotiate the narrow, residential streets of Eve Road and Arnold Road on route to the M25, before the new

link road was constructed. A two-way link road joining Monument Way East with Albert Drive was

constructed to provide direct access into the Sheerwater Business Park and beyond from both directions.

Consequently, the link road sees an unusually high proportion of HDV vehicles leading to the industrial

estate.

Mayer Brown Limited (2012) was commissioned by WBC to undertake a qualitative review of the air quality

implications associated with the proposed Sheerwater Link Road. The report determined that air quality

conditions on Monument Road, adjacent to the Sheerwater Link road, were improving as a result of

improved traffic flow in the area. Both diffusion tubes on Monument Road measured concentrations of NO2

well below the annual average of 40 μgm-3 in 2014.

A traffic assessment undertaken for the Link Road demonstrated that the proposals would result in improved

amenity of residential areas by reducing traffic flows on Eve Road and Arnold Road and moving traffic from

the nearest receptors to the business park (Mayer Brown Limited, 2011 & 2012).

Woking Council confirms that it has assessed newly identified roads with high flows of buses or HDVs

in a busy street where people may spend 1 hour or more close to traffic that have not previously been

assessed, and concluded that it will not be necessary to proceed to a Detailed Assessment.

3.4 Junctions

As discussed in Section 3.3, the junction between Monument Way and Albert Drive has led to improved

traffic flows in the area.

Woking Council has assessed newly identified junctions meeting the criteria in Section A.4 of Box 5.3

in TG(09), and concluded that it will not be necessary to proceed to a Detailed Assessment.



3.5 New roads constructed or proposed since the last round of review and assessment

The two-way link road joining Monument Way East with Albert Drive at Sheerwater Business Park has been

newly identified since the previous round of review and assessment. As discussed in Section 3.3, a traffic

assessment undertaken for the new Link Road demonstrated that the proposals would result in improved

amenity of residential areas by reducing traffic flows on Eve Road and Arnold Road and moving traffic from

the nearest receptors to the nearby business park (Mayer Brown Limited, 2011 & 2012).

Woking Council has assessed new roads meeting the criteria in Section A.5 of Box 5.3 in TG(09), and

concluded that it will not be necessary to proceed to a Detailed Assessment.

3.6 Roads with significantly changed traffic flows

Woking Council confirms that there are no new/newly identified roads with significantly changed traffic

flows.

3.7 Bus and coach stations

Woking Council confirms that there are no relevant bus stations in the Local Authority area.



4. Other transport sources

4.1 Airports

Woking Council confirms that there are no airports in the Local Authority area.

4.2 Railways (diesel and steam trains)

Woking Council confirms that there are no locations where diesel or steam trains are regularly

stationary for periods of 15 minutes or more, with potential for relevant exposure within 15m.

4.3 Stationary trains

Woking Council confirms that there are no locations with a large number of movements of diesel

locomotives, and potential long-term relevant exposure within 30m.

4.4 Moving trains

Woking Council confirms that there are no locations with a large number of movements of diesel

locomotives, and potential long-term relevant exposure within 30m.

4.5 Ports (shipping)

Woking Council confirms that there are no ports or shipping that meet the specified criteria within the

Local Authority area.



5. Industrial sources

5.1 Industrial installations

New or proposed installations for which an air quality assessment has been carried out

Woking Council confirms that there are no new or proposed industrial installations for which planning

approval has been granted within its area or nearby in a neighbouring authority.

Existing installations where emissions have increased substantially or new relevant exposure has been introduced

Woking Council confirms that there are no industrial installations with substantially increased

emissions or new relevant exposure in their vicinity within its area or nearby in a neighbouring

authority.

New or significantly changed installations with no previous air quality assessment

Woking Council confirms that there are no new or proposed industrial installations for which planning

approval has been granted within its area or nearby in a neighbouring authority.

5.2 Major fuel (petrol) storage depots

There are no major fuel (petrol) storage depots within the Local Authority area.

5.3 Petrol stations

Woking Council confirms that there are no petrol stations meeting the specified criteria.

5.4 Poultry farms

Woking Council confirms that there are no poultry farms meeting the specified criteria.



6. Commercial and domestic sources

6.1 Biomass combustion – individual installations

Woking Council confirms that there are no biomass combustion plant in the Local Authority area.

6.2 Biomass combustion – combined impacts

Woking Council confirms that there are no biomass combustion plant in the Local Authority area.

6.3 Domestic solid-fuel burning

Woking Council confirms that there are no areas of significant domestic fuel use in the Local Authority

area.



7. Fugitive or uncontrolled sources

Woking Council confirmed that there are large building sites that could be contributing to fugitive and

uncontrolled sources.

Woking has identified the following two sites as potential sources of fugitive particulate matter that meet

specified criteria. Air Quality Assessments, including consideration for the risk of dust, have been undertaken

at both sites and confirmed that a Detailed Assessment for PM10 is not necessary.

Brockwood Farm1

Westfield2

Woking Council confirms that there are no potential sources of fugitive particulate matter emissions in

the Local Authority area.

1 RSK 2012, Air Quality Assessment, Residential Development – Brookwood Farm Country Park 2 Mayer Brown Limited, 2006, Air Quality Assessment, Hoe Valley Project – Former Westfield Tip, Woking



8. Conclusions and proposed actions

8.1 Conclusions from new monitoring data

Exceedences of the annual mean objective for NO2 were recorded at the following two locations:

M25 and;

Constitution Hill (CH2).

The M25 site has exceeded the AQO for several years and is not considered representative of relevant

exposure. The exceedence at monitor CH2 on Constitution Hill is marginal, and was recorded in the first

year of monitoring at this site.

Two other sites were within 10% of the AQO (36 μgm-3) and recorded exceedences when a more

conservative bias adjustment factor of 0.87 was applied:

Anchor Hill (AH) and;

Constitution Hill (CH3)

Each of these sites has been analysed to determine if relevant exposure exists at the monitoring location.

As there is relevant exposure at Anchor Hill, it has been determined that continued monitoring should be

carried out and the AQMA should remain. The additional monitoring around Constitution Hill should remain

as a result of exceedences in this area. The requirement for a Detailed Assessment in the Constitution Hill

area should be considered if future annual mean exceedences are recorded.

8.2 Conclusions from assessment of sources

A new two-way link road joining Monument Way East with Albert Drive at Sheerwater Business Park has

been identified as a new source since the previous round of review and assessment. An air quality

assessment and Design and Access statement undertaken for the new Link Road demonstrated that the

proposals would result in improved air quality in the area by reducing traffic flows on Eve Road and Arnold

Road, where the closest residential receptors are based. Heavy Goods Vehicles (HGVs) and other traffic

has shifted from the residential streets to the new link road which runs through the nearby business park

(Mayer Brown Limited, 2011 & 2012).

Woking Borough Council confirm that the assessment of new sources did not identify any potential

exceedences outside existing AQMAs.

8.3 Proposed actions

The Updating and Screening Assessment has identified that there is no need to proceed to a Detailed

Assessment for any pollutant at this moment in time.

The monitoring programme should remain unchanged for the upcoming assessment year, with all diffusion

tubes introduced in 2014 continued.

Due to concentrations being recorded within 10% of the AQO at Anchor Hill, the existing AQMA should

remain.

The next course of action should be to submit the 2016 Progress Report.



9. References

Amec Foster Wheeler Environment & Infrastructure UK Ltd (2015). Air Quality Further Assessment for

Woking Borough Council.

Defra (2009). Local Air Quality Management Technical Guidance LAQM.TG (09).

Woking Council (2014). Air Quality Progress Report for Woking Council.

Mayer Brown Limited (2012). Sheerwater Access Improvements, Monument Way, Woking, Air Quality

Statement.

Mayer Brown Limited (2011). Sheerwater Access Improvements. Highways Design Report. MBL. Woking.

Mayer Brown Limited (2012). Sheerwater Access Improvements, Highways Design Report Addendum. MBL.

Woking.

© Amec Foster Wheeler Environment & Infrastructure UK Limited


Appendix A Raw diffusion tube data 2014

A1 © Amec Foster Wheeler Environment & Infrastructure UK Limited


Table A Raw diffusion tube data 2014

Site ID January February March April May June July August September October November December Unadjusted

Mean

Cott1 36 40 45 37 29 40 42 37 41 46 32 40 38.8

Cott2 23 20 - - 23 22 23 21 24 21 21 24 22.2

M25 - 52 86 - - 68 70 44 69 65 53 59 62.9

Church 28 25 32 28 25 21 21 19 24 22 19 35 24.9

RC - - 25 - 17 - - - - - - - 21.0

AH 49 60 55 57 41 46 46 33 51 38 42 39 46.4

AH2 31 47 45 43 37 39 34 32 34 31 31 32 36.3

AH3 30 33 31 34 27 23 24 20 - 24 14 25 25.9

AH4 29 35 36 30 30 27 30 26 - 35 26 34 30.7

AH5 39 38 35 35 29 27 34 27 43 31 28 28 32.8

AH6 45 43 51 49 41 43 41 36 29 46 37 41 41.8

LGR 38 21 39 37 24 29 32 24 38 34 28 34 31.5

LD 19 19 28 22 19 19 20 14 25 18 16 26 20.4

VW 40 37 - - - 40 43 32 42 22 21 31 34.2

BD 22 19 22 20 14 13 13 14 21 16 16 18 17.3

A2 © Amec Foster Wheeler Environment & Infrastructure UK Limited


Site ID January February March April May June July August September October November December Unadjusted

Mean

BR 24 21 46 41 22 32 29 25 28 31 40 28 30.6

BR1 26 34 - - 30 - 21 32 25 26 28 27.8

PR 33 31 33 29 28 27 25 - 37 29 23 25 29.1

WL 31 27 36 37 29 35 32 27 39 - 35 35 33.0

GR 31 30 37 34 30 30 31 27 - 26 24 25 29.5

MR 45 32 - 42 - - 44 24 39 25 - 24 34.4

MR2 - 37 44 41 37 35 - 27 39 39 30 37 36.6

CW 22 27 60 26 21 19 21 34 26 24 18 24 26.8

BW 24 25 29 28 22 19 23 17 32 24 21 24 24.0

CH 49 - 29 - 40 48 45 21 64 46 47 39 42.8

CH2 52 61 49 46 60 57 45 49 52.4

CH3 54 58 51 48 52 46 38 44 48.9

CH4 60 - 40 - 60 47 42 42 48.5

Cott1 36 40 45 37 29 40 42 37 41 46 32 40 38.8

Notes: Exceedences of the AQO are shown in bold. ‘-‘ Indicates no data.

© Amec Foster Wheeler Environment & Infrastructure UK Limited


Appendix B QA:QC data

B1 © Amec Foster Wheeler Environment & Infrastructure UK Limited


Diffusion tube bias adjustment factors

The diffusion tubes for 2014 were supplied by Lambeth Scientific Services, and prepared using a 50%

triethanolamine (TEA)/Acetone method.

The bias adjustment factor has been taken from Defra’s UK national bias adjustment spreadsheet (version

03/15) and is based on the results of 1 study in the UK. As only 1 study was used, caution should be taken

when using the bias correction factor produced. The bias adjustment factor for 2014 monitored data is 0.8.

Table B.1 below details the bias adjustment factors for the period 2011 through 2014 used to adjust the

Woking monitoring data.

Table B.1 Bias adjustment factors

Year National bias adjustment factor

2011 1.06

2012 0.91

2013 0.87

2014 0.80

QA/ QC of diffusion tube monitoring

Lambeth Scientific Services are a UKAS accredited laboratory, complying with the requirements of ISO/IEC

17025.

Short-term to long-term data adjustment

Data capture for six sites were below the recommended 75%, therefore annualisation was undertaken, in

accordance with the guidance in Box 3.2 of LAQM.TG(09) (Defra, 2009). The correction factors in the table

below have been derived using the average ration of the annual mean to the period mean for the monitoring

data obtained from the London Teddington and Reading monitors, which are part of the Automatic Urban

and Rural Network (AURN). These factors were applied to the measured period mean at the six sites to

annualise the data. This is in accordance with Box 3.2 of LAQM.TG(09).

B2 © Amec Foster Wheeler Environment & Infrastructure UK Limited


Table B.2 Adjustment factors to estimate annual mean concentrations

Diffusion Tube Long term site Annual mean Period mean Ratio Average

RC

London Teddington 27.4 22.9 1.20

1.06

Reading 26.5 28.9 0.92

BR1


1.04

Reading 26.5 27.1 0.98

MR


0.98

Reading 26.5 25.7 1.03

CH2


0.97

Reading 26.5 25.6 1.04

CH3


0.97

Reading 26.5 25.6 1.04

CH4


0.89

Reading 26.5 27.4 0.97

3 © AMEC Environment & Infrastructure UK Limited

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