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Women and African Americans
Women• By the mid 19th century, middle and
upper class women could afford to stay home.
• Poor women had to work for wages outside of their home
• What jobs did they do?
Women
• Farm Women did not change
• Helped on the farm and with livestock as well as house work
Domestic Workers
• Cleaned houses
• Tended to be black women
- Cooks- Laundresses,
scrub, maids
Women• Industry
- Factories gave women new options of employment
- 1 in 5 women held jobs- Worked the lower skilled jobs, were paid ½
of what men made
• Began to fill secretary, school, and store positions
Women In Industry
• Issues:
- Work conditions
- low wages
- long hours
Triangle Shirtwaist Factory
• Burned down in 1911
• Women were locked in to keep working
• 146 died
Women Reform
• All women colleges began to open
• Wellesley, Vassar
• Educated Women joined the reform
Three Part Strategy• 1) Tried to convince states to grant women
the right to vote- Wyoming, Utah, Colorado, & Idaho
• 2)Pursued court cases to test the 14th amendment
-Anthony tried to vote in 10 states
• 3) Pushed for National constitutional amendment
19th Amendment
• 1920
• Granted women suffrage nationally
African American Rights
• Roosevelt supported individuals not all civil rights
Booker T. Washington
• Head of an All Black Vocational Training School
• Respected by Prominent Whites
• Blamed black poverty on the black community; urged to accept discrimination
• Change yourself not others
Booker T. Washington
• Gradualism- Social and Political equality should be long term goals
• Encouraged immediate economic advancement through vocational training and hiring of black workers by white industrialists
W.E.B. Dubois
• Criticized Washington
• Dubois called for immediate economic and social equality through academic education, political action, and protest
• Helped establish NAACP in 1909
• Worked for civil rights