Women of Bangladesh Employment Power Point March 2011

7/31/2019 Women of Bangladesh Employment Power Point March 2011

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Women of Bangladesh

Ensuring WomensParticipation in Emerging

Economic Sectors

March 2011


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PART I

STATISTICAL PROFILE


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Overview of WomensEmployment

Source: 2005-06 Bangladesh Labor ForceSurvey, supplemented by 2009 minisurvey

Over the years, womens employment has

increased substantially, both in rural andurban areas, from 8.4% in 1983 to 24.5%in 2009.


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Traditional Sectors

Agriculture remains the dominantemployment sector for women ( 53%),followed by manufacturing ( 17%), self-employment ( 16.8% ), andcommunity/personal services ( 10%)Only 3.25% of all working women areemployed by the government vs. 8.25% of working men.


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Traditional Sector Statistics

Insert Table 1 Traditional Sectors Only


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Non-Traditional Sectors

Participation of women in non-traditional but growing sectors is low:Only 0.22% of employed women are working in real estate and businessservices; 0.71% in the hotel/restaurantsector; 2.69% in construction, and 1.3% in banking.


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Non-Traditional SectorStatistics

Insert table 2 non-traditional sectors only


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Employment Disparity

The current ratio disparity between male-

female employment is 3:1. Thesedisparities exist both in the public andprivate sectors.


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Employment Disparity Statistics

Insert sample statistics on employment ina few ministriesInsert sample statistics on garmentsindustry


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Unemployment

Each year, 20 lakh (2 million) new job seekersenter the labor marketThe unemployment rate (those actively seeking

employment) is significantly higher for women:7.5% of women are unemployed4.3% of men are unemployed

The under-employment rate (those working lessthan 40 hours per week or seasonally) is alsohigher for women


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Part II

EDUCATION , INCOME &OPPORTUNITY


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Link Between Education,Income & Opportunity

The fact that higher education

achievement is lower for women than formen is reflected in the economy in termsof lower income and opportunities for

women


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Literacy

In general, the literacy rate is low inBangladesh, but it is lower for females

Average: TBDMale: 58.97%

Female: 50.5%


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Education

At the primary and secondary levels, thedifference between number of male andfemale students now is minimalHowever, after ACC (secondary schoolcertificate), the gap begins to widenimplying the drop-out rate for femalestudents is higher than male students


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Education Statistics

Insert Table


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Skilled vs. Unskilled Labor

Only 3.25% of employed women are working in government and 8.25% in theprivate sector.

The remaining 89.5% are employed in theinformal sector with unpredictable earningpatterns


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Income

Womens income is consistently lowerthan mens. On average, womens incomeis only 50% of mens income

The male/female income gap is wide inmost sectors. In manufacturing , for

example, women earn 4857 Taka/ month, whereas men earn on average 6922Taka/month.


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Income Disparity Statistics

Table


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Managerial Employment

Womens participation in decision -makingpositions is also very low compared to menStatistics to come


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On the Job Training

Worker training is low across all sectors,most worker training is done on the job,and management training is virtually non-

existentComputer Sector : Only 0.13% of male workers and 0.05% of women workers

receive employer-sponsored trainingGarment Sector : Only 0.58% of male workers and 0.36% of female workers

receive employer-sponsored training


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UNDP Gender EmpowermentIndex

Gender development is as yet anunfinished agenda

In terms of gender empowerment,Bangladesh could improve its position vis--vis other comparable countries


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UNDP Gender EmpowermentStatistics

Insert statistics


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Conclusions

Creation of more and better jobs in non-agriculturalsectors is important to sustain momentum in poverty reduction

Growth dividends from educating an increasingly higherproportion of women need to be exploited in full by creating enabling conditions for higher female work force participation backed by adequate remuneration,improved work status, and greater voice in society ingeneral.


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Part III

GROWTH SECTORS


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Emerging Economic Sectors inBangladesh

In 2004, Goldman Sachs listed Bangladesh as one of thenew 11 emerging economies and a leader among LDCcountries in production of service

The key strength of the Bangladesh economy has been its young and dynamic demographics and itscompetitivenessTwo key drivers of planned growth in the Bangladeshdraft Sixth 5-year plan are:

Labor-intensive exports based on low wagecompetitivenessGrowth in service sectors providing regularemployment based on human capital


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Suggested Growth Industries

Health Care -- NursingCall Centers -- Business Process Outsourcing(BPO)/Information Technology Enabled

Services (ITES)TourismJute Production & Export

Agro-based products spices, processed fruitsMedia all types, especially suited to young,college-educated females


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Why Change StrategiesDemand in domestic markets for skilled workforce is onthe riseBangladesh labor force is growing faster thanemployment potential

Skills and training programs are outdated and not basedon future market demandsExporting skilled labor, rather than unskilled labor, would increase remittancesSkills development will increase productivity, efficiency,competitiveness and innovation, in addition toincreasing economic self-sufficiency and reducingpoverty


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Skills Training GapsTechnical and Vocational Education and Training(TVET) is recognized by the National Poverty ReductionStrategy (NPRS) as a way to reduce poverty whilesupporting economic growthTVET teachers lack training and practical skills and havelittle industry experienceTVET institutions are poorly equipped, lacking adequateclassrooms and training materialsThere is also a lack of labor market dedication to skillsdevelopment, and a credibility gap between educationcertification and actual skill levels.Educational curricula are outdated and do notadequately address market needs


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Focus of Skills Training

Certificate courses of (6 months) or diploma courses (1 year) could be offered in:

civil & electrical engineeringcomputer software & hardware

telecom & ITCall center operationsHotel & hospitality management Apparel merchandizing

Business communication/English Proficiency Small and large appliance maintenanceNursing (varying levels)Child care


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Part IV

PROPOSED STRATEGIES


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Budget

Most government allocations are for social safety net programs. For example, allowances for widows, new mothers, destitute women.

Allocations are also needed for training of educated women from poor families. Forexample in growth sectors of IT, nursing, business managementBudget Session expanding gender-budgetingin line ministries and create a coordinating body among ministries


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Public Private PartnershipsGovernment and Business can cooperate inmany sectors to create employmentopportunities and skills training for womenExample: Through nurse training institutes,government infrastructure can be used andtraining provided by the private sector. Thisexample can be used for many sectors (IT,

manufacturing, services)Recruiting agency skills training institutes couldpartner with government to deliver quality skillsdevelopment to meet market needs


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Promoting Entrepreneurship

Encourage entrepreneurial opportunities for women to generate small business income andprovide services through fiscal policy (handicrafts, day care services, local vegetable

stalls, etc.)

Though gender policies exist at most state-owned banks, access to banking services for

women should be encouraged to facilitate andease the processing of womens transactionalservices. (Pakistan has its own womens bank)


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Bi-lateral Cooperation

Government can engage partner countries toexport human resources, such as nurses. Thishas been an effective policy in the Philippines

and Sri Lanka.Exports of womens cottage industries could bepromoted through government-sponsoredcooperativesDonor nations could be encouraged to supportskills development and identifying marketdemand in their countries


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Coordination

Activate the existing National SkillsDevelopment Council, chaired by the PrimeMinister, to provide a broad advocacy forumincluding policymakers, development partners,and other stakeholdersConduct national skills gap analysis, create adatabase of skills development offerings, andidentify quality sector based training programs

NSDC could develop a public and private skillsdevelopment policy to address targeted growthindustries, provide guidance on effective andefficient allocation of resources, and develop

uniform testing and certification processes


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Womens Development Policy

As a complement to promoting revisions

to the Womens Development Policy,encourage the appropriate Ministries andParliamentary committees to championincreased economic opportunity for women


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Thank you!

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Women of Bangladesh Employment Power Point March 2011

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