Everwonder*and#

With * and# new telephoneservices will soon be at your finger-tips. These services will be possiblebecause technological innovationsfrom Bell Laboratories and WesternElectric are transforming the nation'stelecommunications network.

For example, with * and -* youmay be able to arrange distinctiveringing for incoming calls from tele-phones you designate.

You'll be able to protect yourprivacy by having callers get a "donot disturb" signal when they dialyour number; or, when you dial a calland reach a busy signal, you'll beable to set up a callback system thatwill wait until the line is free, then.ring your phone and the one you'recalling automatically.

A New Kind of Network.New telecommunications tech-

nology designed by Bell Labs andmanufactured by Western Electric isbringing you this versatile network.Its main elements are an array ofelectronic switching systems (ESS)interconnected by high-capacity

transmission links, and a new"signaling" system to carry call-handling information.

Stored-Program Control.At the heart of each ESS is

something called stored-programcontrol. With it, the system's callsare controlled by coded instructions,stored in a memory and executed bya central processor. New featurescan be added by updating the storedinstructions rather than rewiringor making complex equipmentchanges.

The new signaling system thatwill connect these switching systemsoperates like a high-speed privateintercom. It carries all the informationneeded to handle each call and freestime on the voice circuits that pre-viously carried such information.

Over 1000 local and long-distanceESS's are already in service, andtwenty regional centers for the newsignaling network are in place.

These innovations arepossible largely becauseof advances in solid-state , "

electronics. Because of their decreas-ing cost, low power consumptionand speed of operation, today'sintegrated circuits are enablingengineers to design more capabilityinto communications systems atlower cost.

Building on Bell System accom-plishments such as Direct DistanceDialing, digital communications andhigh-capacity transmission systems,modern electronics permits the newnetwork to handle a wide variety ofcommunications needs.

Continuing Innovation.All these technical achievements,

and their integration into the tele-communications network, result fromthe close collaboration of Bell Labs,Western Electric and Bell Systemtelephone companies.

Because of this teamwork, Belltelephone companies will give youthe innovative services representedby * and# and continue to provide

the world's most reliabletelephone service for the

\ least $ and C.

Bell Laboratories3 FEBRUARY 1978

,- - >tD7

479

AF MPNOOM014lk

LIVING

by James Grier Miller, M.D., Ph.D.A book that brings order out of complexityThe literature of science is growing exponentially. The num-

ber of scientists is increasing rapidly. And their scientific dis-coveries pour out in such volume that many important findingsgo unnoticed. Often their full meaning is not appreciated.

In this massive, worldwide production of scientific knowledge-is there any hope of one specialty learning from another-oreven relating to another?The answer now is YES-with the advent of James Grier Mil-

ler's significant new book.Dr. Miller analyzes current knowledge about seven levels

of living systems that are normally studied in isolation bydozens of scientific specialties-the cell . . . the organ . . .

the organism . . . the group . . . the organization. .. the society. and the supranational system.He demonstrates that all these systems have fascinating simi-

larities. He describes the 19 subsystems that are vital to thesurvival of every living system-from a heart cell to the Euro-pean Economic Community. And he shows how each living sys-tem has "shredded out" to create the next higher system-overbillions of years of evolution.As you read Dr. Miller's theory-and the hundreds of empiri-

cal examples he provides to support it-you'll see that the dif-ferences between scientific specialties and their technical jar-gons mask important similarities in their subject matters. You'lldiscover amazing but very real continuity between all the bio-logical and social life sciences. And this insight will give youa whole new view on your own special field of knowledge.

Practical applications suggestedDr. Miller examines the normal processes as well as pathol-

ogies at the seven levels of living systems. For example, his worksuggests that-

* schizophrenics may be victims of a narrower-than-normalchannel capacity for processing information

* inefficient executives are often plagued by an overloadof information inputs. (Dr. Miller's research on this topicwas discussed in Toffler's Future Shock.)

* ineffective organizations can function better when dis-torted communications in them are corrected

This far-ranging general theory has potential, very specificapplications to engineering. . . medicine . . . management sci-ence ... the law ... energy systems ... environmental systems. . . health delivery systems . . . urban systems . . . industrialsystems ... communication systems. .. computer systems ...and other types of living or technological systems.

How do others evaluate this book?Read what one scientist says...

"This is a book for mature scientists who have hadmany years of experience as scientists, for they willfind much of their knowledge newly organized andilluminated in new contexts, and pointed toward un-solved new questions."But it is also a book for active research workers

and research leaders who are carrying on the work ofscience today and who are pressing toward the nextimminent advances, for these people will find heredozens, perhaps hundreds, of research ideas that canbe fruitfully developed now."Karl W. Deutsch, political scientistStanford Professor of International Peace, HarvardUniversity

Leading scientists talk about Living Systems"enormously illuminating"-Margaret Mead

"Scientists, from anthropologists to political scientists,and all students, of living systems will find here a way oflooking at changing scales, but comparable problems, whichwill enormously illuminate and simplify their attempts torelate one level of living system to another."Margaret Mead, anthropologistformer President, American Association for the Advance-ment of Science

"magnificent"-Bentley Glass"In these days of such tremendous increase in the amount

of scientific knowledge, the need for a critical synthesisis imperative. This is what James Grier Miller has done.. . .There lies here a magnificent, pregnant view of thecomplexities of life."Bentley Glass, biologistDistinguished Professor Emeritus of Biology, the StateUniversity of New York at Stony Brook, and former Presi-dent, American Association for the Advancement of Sci-ence

"brilliant"-J. C. R. Licklider"This book is the magnum opus of a brilliant, far-ranging,

and comprehending mind."J. C. R. Licklider, psychologist and computer scientistProfessor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science,MIT

"epochal" and "elegant"-Warren Bennis"Living Systems is an epochal book. It is elegant in style

and approach and possesses a conceptual and integrativelust that manages to revive in the reader a sense of whatthe behavioral sciences are all about. This is . . . a classicthat will influence the behavioral sciences far longer thanthe lifetime it took Miller to write it."Warren Bennis, social scientistformer President of the University of Cincinnati

The man behind the theoryJames Grier Miller, a founder of systems science, is Presi-

dent of the University of Louisville. He was educated atHarvard University and has served on the faculties at Har-vard, the University of Chicago, the University of Michigan,and Johns Hopkins University. At Chicago he was Chair-man of the Committee on Behavioral Sciences and the De-partment of Psychology. At Michigan he founded and di-rected the Mental Health Research Institute.The man who first used the phrase "behavioral science"

in its modern sense, Dr. Miller has written or coauthoredeight books and published over 100 scientific and scholarlyarticles.Table of Contents1. The need for a general theory of living systems. 2. Basicconcepts. 3. Structure and process. 4. Hypotheses concern-ing living systems. 5. Information input overload. 6. The cell.7. The organ. 8. The organism. 9. The group. 10. The or-ganization. 11. The society. 12. The supranational system.13. Conclusions.

Send today for yourFREE EXAMINATION COPY of Living Systems.We invite you to examine this new book for 15 days-

at no cost to you. If you are impressed with the book andwish to keep it, send us your payment. Otherwise, simplyreturn the book at the end of 15 days, and you will owenothing.

--- FREE 15-DAY EXAMINATION - Aj| McGrawHill Book Company IT*l'I

1221 Avenue of the Americas, New York, N.Y. 10020Please send me a copy of LIVING SYSTEMS (042015-7)

I for 15 days on approval. At the end of that time, I willeither remit $39.50, plus tax, postage, and handling, orreturn the book without further obligation. (If you pay infull, plus tax, with this coupon, McGraw-Hill will pay allregular postage and handling costs.)

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