Wood FinishingWood Finishing

Finishing SafetyFinishing Safety

When in lab, wear your safety glasses.When in lab, wear your safety glasses. Wear Proper clothing.Wear Proper clothing. Wash hands immediately after use of any finish.Wash hands immediately after use of any finish. Keep solvents away from heat.Keep solvents away from heat. Use in a ventilated room.Use in a ventilated room. After using any finish, close all containers and put After using any finish, close all containers and put

away properly.away properly. Clean up any spills that may be a hazard in the lab.Clean up any spills that may be a hazard in the lab.

Finishing WoodFinishing Wood

The two main reasons for finishing The two main reasons for finishing wood include:wood include: To protect itTo protect it To add to it's beautyTo add to it's beauty

* When finishing, take your time, DON’T RUSH!* When finishing, take your time, DON’T RUSH!

Three Types of Wood FinishesThree Types of Wood Finishes

Transparent CoatingsTransparent Coatings-- coatings that can be seen through. coatings that can be seen through. Ex. Shellac, varnish, lacquer Ex. Shellac, varnish, lacquer

Penetrating FinishesPenetrating Finishes- - these soak into the wood rather than these soak into the wood rather than just coat it. Ex. Linseed Oil, Danish Oil just coat it. Ex. Linseed Oil, Danish Oil

Opaque FinishesOpaque Finishes- - covers the surface completely, cannot be seen covers the surface completely, cannot be seen through. Ex. Paint, enamelthrough. Ex. Paint, enamel

Transparent CoatingsTransparent Coatings

VarnishVarnish- - a preparation consisting of various resins, a preparation consisting of various resins, dissolved in an oil or in alcohol. When applied to the surface dissolved in an oil or in alcohol. When applied to the surface

of wood, it dries and leaves a hard, glossy transparent coating.of wood, it dries and leaves a hard, glossy transparent coating. ShellacShellac- - a varnish made by dissolving this material in a varnish made by dissolving this material in

alcohol or a similar solvent.alcohol or a similar solvent.

LacquerLacquer- - a protective coating consisting of a resin, a protective coating consisting of a resin, sometimes with pigment added.sometimes with pigment added.

Resin Resin – – Resin is a thick and sticky yellowish- brown Resin is a thick and sticky yellowish- brown substance used to chemically bond materials together.substance used to chemically bond materials together.

Penetrating FinishesPenetrating Finishes

Linseed Oil-Linseed Oil- A yellowish oil extracted from the seeds of A yellowish oil extracted from the seeds of flax and used as a drying oil in paints and varnishes and in flax and used as a drying oil in paints and varnishes and in linoleum, printing inks, and synthetic resins. linoleum, printing inks, and synthetic resins.

Danish Oil-Danish Oil- is a blend of oils and resins that penetrates, is a blend of oils and resins that penetrates, seals, and preserves wood surfaces.seals, and preserves wood surfaces.

Finishing SuppliesFinishing Supplies

Abrasives Abrasives BrushesBrushes SolventsSolvents WaxWax OilsOils PaintsPaints

Brushes used for FinishingBrushes used for Finishing

Two main brushes used are bristle brushes and Two main brushes used are bristle brushes and foam polybrushes.foam polybrushes. Natural bristle brushes-Natural bristle brushes- are made with hog hair, commonly are made with hog hair, commonly

used with oil base paints.used with oil base paints. Synthetic bristle brushes-Synthetic bristle brushes- are made of nylon or polyester, are made of nylon or polyester,

commonly used with water soluble finishes, and most oil base finishes.commonly used with water soluble finishes, and most oil base finishes. Foam polybrushes-Foam polybrushes- made of plastic foam tapered on both made of plastic foam tapered on both

sides to a sharp point, can be used on most finishes. sides to a sharp point, can be used on most finishes.

Finishing ConsiderationsFinishing Considerations

Project designProject design Type of wood being usedType of wood being used Projects intended useProjects intended use What do you want your end result to look like?What do you want your end result to look like? Will it be exposed to heat, or moisture?Will it be exposed to heat, or moisture?

Preparing the SurfacePreparing the Surface

After assembling the project, check for the After assembling the project, check for the following before applying your finish:following before applying your finish:

Dried glueDried glue DentsDents ChipsChips ScratchesScratches

Preparing Surface Cont…Preparing Surface Cont…

Remove access glue Remove access glue Remove Mill MarksRemove Mill Marks Correct dents, chips or gouges;Correct dents, chips or gouges; Using hot steam, Using hot steam, Wood fillers may be needed, such as a wood Wood fillers may be needed, such as a wood

patch.patch. Fill deep cracks and gouges with wood filler or water putty; leave the filler slightly high to allow for shrinkage as it dries. When the patch is dry, sand it smooth.

SandingSanding

Sanding is crucial to preparing your wood for Sanding is crucial to preparing your wood for a finish, whether it be hand or power sanding.a finish, whether it be hand or power sanding.

Anyone tell me why?Anyone tell me why? Different grit sand paperDifferent grit sand paper

Coarse- (80 grit)Coarse- (80 grit) Medium to fine- (100-180 grit)Medium to fine- (100-180 grit) Very Fine- (220-280 grit)Very Fine- (220-280 grit)

Applying Stains and Clear FinishesApplying Stains and Clear Finishes

Staining- Staining- is the process to change the color of the wood is the process to change the color of the wood without changing it’s texture.without changing it’s texture.

Types of stains:Types of stains: Pigment stains Pigment stains -are made by adding color pigments together.-are made by adding color pigments together.

Ex. Mineral spirits, etcEx. Mineral spirits, etc

Penetrating stainsPenetrating stains – are made by mixing aniline dyes in oil. – are made by mixing aniline dyes in oil. Ex. Minwax, etcEx. Minwax, etc

Applying Stains Cont…Applying Stains Cont…

Wood Stain FinishesWood Stain Finishes:: Wood TonedWood Toned - - Lightly pigmented wood-toned finishes add Lightly pigmented wood-toned finishes add

color to the wood, while enhancing its natural beauty. color to the wood, while enhancing its natural beauty. Semi-TransparentSemi-Transparent- - Semi-transparent finishes allow both the Semi-transparent finishes allow both the

natural grain and texture to show through.natural grain and texture to show through.

Solid ColorSolid Color-- The most durable finish, solid color stains reveal The most durable finish, solid color stains reveal

the texture of the wood, but generally conceal the grain.the texture of the wood, but generally conceal the grain.

Clear FinishesClear Finishes

Two basic types of clear top-coat finishes:Two basic types of clear top-coat finishes:

Those that penetrate the woodThose that penetrate the wood Ex- linseed oil, danish oilEx- linseed oil, danish oil

Those that stay on top of the surfaceThose that stay on top of the surface Ex. Shellac, varnish, polyurethane and lacquerEx. Shellac, varnish, polyurethane and lacquer

Applying SealerApplying Sealer

After stain has dried completely, a sealer After stain has dried completely, a sealer should be applied over the stain before a clear should be applied over the stain before a clear finish is applied. Why?finish is applied. Why?

-This prevents the stain from -This prevents the stain from bleeding into the clear coat which bleeding into the clear coat which causes the end result to be cloudy.causes the end result to be cloudy.

Applying a fillerApplying a filler

This is put on over the sealer to seal the pores This is put on over the sealer to seal the pores of the wood before applying a clear finish.of the wood before applying a clear finish.

Apply filler first along the grain of the wood. Then work across the grain to fill the pores completely.

Applying Paint and EnamelApplying Paint and Enamel

These may include, water based latex or oil These may include, water based latex or oil based.based.

An An enamel paintenamel paint is a paint that dries to an is a paint that dries to an especially hard, usually glossy, finish. especially hard, usually glossy, finish.

Before applying paints, a primer should be Before applying paints, a primer should be applied, priming ensures better applied, priming ensures better adhesionadhesion of of paint to the surface, increases paint durability, paint to the surface, increases paint durability, and provides additional protection for the and provides additional protection for the material being painted. material being painted.

Applying paint and enamel cont…Applying paint and enamel cont…

Generally two coats of paint or enamel are Generally two coats of paint or enamel are applied. applied.

Between each coat, a light sanding job will Between each coat, a light sanding job will help with the looks of your finish.help with the looks of your finish.

Wood Finishing ReviewWood Finishing Review

Keep in mind, all safety precautions when working in Keep in mind, all safety precautions when working in the lab.the lab.

Two main reasons to finish your wood;Two main reasons to finish your wood; To protect itTo protect it To add to its beautyTo add to its beauty

There are many various finishes, your choice depends There are many various finishes, your choice depends on many factors such as; on many factors such as;

Type of wood usedType of wood used Project designProject design Projects intended useProjects intended use Visual appearanceVisual appearance Will it be exposed to heat or moisture?Will it be exposed to heat or moisture?

Wood Finishing Review Cont…Wood Finishing Review Cont…

Before applying your finish make sure you Before applying your finish make sure you prepare the surfaces being finished. This prepare the surfaces being finished. This includes;includes;

Check for imperfectionsCheck for imperfections Correct those imperfectionsCorrect those imperfections Apply finishApply finish

• Take your time, don’t Rush!!!Take your time, don’t Rush!!!

Any Questions???Any Questions???