WoodfordcardotttsopApplication of Organic

8/13/2019 WoodfordcardotttsopApplication of Organic

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OutlineOutline Background on GasBackground on Gas ShalesShales

Oklahoma Woodford ShaleOklahoma Woodford Shale

Oklahoma Woodford GasOklahoma Woodford Gas--ShaleShalePlayPlay


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NonNon--Negotiable ParametersNegotiable Parameters

Necessary for GasNecessary for Gas ShalesShales

Fractures (permeability)Fractures (permeability)

Gas Source Rock (Gas Generation,Gas Source Rock (Gas Generation,Storage, and Preservation)Storage, and Preservation)

[similar to[similar to coalbedcoalbed methane]methane]


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FracturesFractures LithologyLithology must be fracturemust be fracture--ableable

(e.g., silica rich)(e.g., silica rich)

Fractures must stay inFractures must stay in--zonezone(e.g., need fracture barriers;(e.g., need fracture barriers;

stay away from faults)stay away from faults) Natural vs. induced fracturesNatural vs. induced fractures


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Example of Poor Gas ShaleExample of Poor Gas Shale

Weathered Clay-Rich Sylvan Shale(Thud)


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Example of Good Gas ShaleExample of Good Gas Shale

Fractured, Silica-Rich WoodfordShale ( Ping )


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Gas Generation (Application ofGas Generation (Application of

Organic Petrology): OrganicOrganic Petrology): Organic--RichRichBlack Shale/SiltstoneBlack Shale/Siltstone

Organic Matter Type:Organic Matter Type:

Type IIType II KerogenKerogen

Organic Matter Quantity: minimumOrganic Matter Quantity: minimumof 2% TOC (depends on thermalof 2% TOC (depends on thermal

maturity)maturity) Thermal Maturity (highest gas ratesThermal Maturity (highest gas rates

in gas window)in gas window)


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0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

150 200 250 300 350

Hydrous Pyrolysis Temperature for 72 Hours ( C)

Mahogany (Type-I)

New Albany (Type-II)

Ghareb-Israel (Type-IISi)

Ghareb-Jordan (Type-IISj)

Wilcox Lignite (Type-III)

o

Thermogenic Gas from

Source Rocks

Figure 2: Volume of hydrocarbon gas (C1-C5) generated by hydrous pyrolysisfrom thermally immature source rocks bearing different kerogen types (Lewanand Henry, 2001).

From Lewan, 2002

Gas Generation by Kerogen Type

At 350C for 72 h,Type-I and -II

kerogens

generate 1.8 times

as much

thermogenic gasas Type-III

kerogen


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PEAK OIL GENERATION

PEAK WET GAS GENERATION

PEAK DRY GAS GENERATIONOIL FLOOR

WET GAS FLOOR

DRY GAS PRESERVATION LIMIT

DRY GAS GENERATION LIMIT

Modified from Dow

(1977), Houseknecht

and Sptl (1993), and

Taylor and others(1998)


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VRo Values Maturity

1.40% Dry-Gas WindowFrom Jarvie and others, 2005

Guidelines for the Barnett Shale

(Based on Rock-Eval Pyrolysis)


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From Lewan, 2002

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0

0.0 0.5 1.0 1 .5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0

V itrini te R eflectance (% R o)

O il-Cracking G asT suzuki e t a l . , 19 99 )

Source-Rock Ga s(Kn au ss e t a l . 1 99 7 )

O ilGenerat ion

(Hun t e t a l . , 199 1 )

Heating Rate = 5o C/ m.y.

Surface Temp. = 15o C

S.R. Age = 80 Mao

Figure 1: Generat ion of o i l and gas f rom an 80-Ma source rock wi th Type- I Ikerog en and associated crud e o i l. Curve s are ba sed on k ine tic pa rameters

determined by hydrous and hydrothermal pyro lys is and EASY%Ro (Swweeney andBurnham, 1990) .

0.6-

1.1% Ro

0.5-2.2% Ro 1.6-3.3% Ro

Type II Kerogen Gas Generation

(Hydrous Pyrolysis)

75% gas by 1.1% Ro

93% gas by 1.5% Ro


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Woodford ShaleWoodford Shale StratigraphyStratigraphy

Based on conodonts, Hass andHuddle (1965) determined a Late

Devonian (Frasnian) age for

most of the formation;

uppermost part is Early

Mississippian (Kinderhookian)

unconformity


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From Conant and Swanson, 1961


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Paleogeography and Facies Distribution

in the Late Devonian

From Kirkland and others, 1992


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Geologic Provinces of Oklahoma


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Isopach Map of Woodford Shale

From Comer, 1992


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From Comer, 1992

Woodford Shale


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Woodford Shale Gas Wells

143 Wells, 19392006

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010Year

Numb

erofWells

Application of

Advanced

Completion

Technology

206 Wells, 19392007


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1939-2007

Woodford Gas Shales

15,310 ft

(IP 234 Mcf;

7BO 42 API;GOR 33,429)

553 ft

(IP 122 Mcf)

W df d G Sh l


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20032007

Woodford Gas Shales

185 Wells

4 Caney/Woodford

3 Sycamore/Woodford

95 Horizontal Woodford

Why is the Woodford Shale

Gas Play where it is?


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Generalized Structure

Map of Woodford

Shale, EasternOklahoma

Map prepared

by R. Vance

Hall using

Petra


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Woodford Shale

is the oldestrock in

Oklahoma that

contained wood

(vitrinite)

from the

progymnosperm

Archaeopteris(organ genus

Callixylon)

Vitrinite Reflectance of Woodford Shale


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Vitrinite Reflectance of Woodford Shale,

Eastern Oklahoma

Cardott, in preparation

VRo meanbased on

minimum of 20

measurementsfrom whole-

rock pellets

Amoco 1 Devils Backbone well 31-OPL 960


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6.84% Ro

500X, fieldwidth 140

Amoco 1 Devils Backbone well, 31

5N-24E, D&A

Woodford Shale at 17,854 ft

VRo = 6.36%, n=57

Vitrinite Reflectance (%Ro)

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Frequency

0

1

2

3

4

Isoreflectance Map of the Woodford


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Map prepared

by R. Vance

Hall usingPetra

MISSISSIPPIAN

& OLDER

OUTCROP

AREA

CHOC

TAWFA

ULT

1

1

1

1

43

3

2

2

2

1

1

1.31

0.56

0.790.59

0.78

2.19

0.64

0.64

2

1.73

2.09

1.371.79

1.98

1.870.57

1.23

1.050.86

0.74

1

0.72

3.32

2.69

0.52

2.94

0.58

0.5

0.55

0.57

0.58

0.830.77

1.14

1.230.79

2.53

0.57

0.560.6

1.69

0.82

3.462.4

2.442.48

3.413.43.6

3.363.44

4.85

6.36

4.76

.59 0.56

0.54

0.49

0.57

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.56

2.81 3.47

2.252.26

1.88

0.52

0.64

0.62

0.63

1.88

1.89

2.52

2.51

0.49

0.51

1.15

1.66

1.622.85

0.94

1.61

2.01

1.58

2.31

1.03

Isoreflectance Map of the Woodford

Shale in Eastern Oklahoma

Cardott, inpreparation

Map prepared

by R. Vance

Hall using

Petra


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Woodford Gas-Shale Play is

primarily in eastern Oklahoma

(western Arkoma Basin)

where the shale is:

(1) in the gas window (pushingthe lower limits to the west)

(2) greater than 100 ft thick

(3) relatively shallow (


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Woodford Shale, Southern Oklahoma

Cardott, in preparation


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0.610.66

0.58

0.63

0.55

0.60

0.55

0.580.69

0.49

0.522.19

2.22

2.13

2.45

0.820.56

0.55

0.55

0.53

0.58

0.56

0.63

0.52

0.49

0.770.70

0.64

0.50 0.500.49

0.58

0.56

0.54

Southern Oklahoma VRo vs Depth


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0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,00014,000

16,000

18,000

20,000

0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00Vitri n i te Reflectance (%Ro)

Depth(feet)

Southern Oklahoma VRo vs Depth

Woodford Gas Shales


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1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010

10

100

1,000

10,000

Time

ProductionRates

Gas Production (mcf)

Oil Produc tion (bbl)

Gas Production (mcf)

Water Production (bbl)

(Marshall CO, 16-5S-5E; IP 747 Mcfd; 4,052-4,135 ft)

Madill Field

Cumulative Gas

Production

1,776,752 Mcf

AverageMonth

ly

Prod

uction(Mc

f)

Completed as OIL well in McLish 6,536-6,544 ft on 11/4/55;OIL-WO well in McLish and Bromide 5,664-5,696 ft on 5/18/56;

GAS-WO to Woodford on 3/21/92

(Gas production data suppl ied by Petroleum

Information/Dwights LLC dba IHS Energy Group,

2007, IHS Energy Group)

Verdad Oil & Gas 1 Mary Haynie


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100

1,000

10,000

100,000

1,000,000

1970

1973

1976

1979

1982

1985

1988

1991

1994

1997

2000

2003

2006

Date

AverageAnnual

Production(M

cf)

(Bryan CO, 22-6S-7E; IP 962 Mcfd; 3,710-4,054 ft)

346 MMcf

75 MMcf

AylesworthField

Cumulative

Production

2,298,658 Mcf

Completed as GAS well in Misener

4,192-4,227 ft on 6/27/58; GAS-WO

(plugback) in Woodford on 11/22/74

(Gas production data suppl ied by Petroleum

Information/Dwights LLC dba IHS Energy Group,


10 000 000

Woodford Shale Production (2004-2007 wells)


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10

100

1,000

10,000

100,000

1,000,000

10,000,000

Jan-04

A

pr-04

J

ul-04

O

ct-04

Jan-05

A

pr-05

J

ul-05

O

ct-05

Jan-06

A

pr-06

J

ul-06

O

ct-06

Jan-07

A

pr-07

J

ul-07

O

ct-07

Date

AverageMo

nthlyProduction(Mcf)

GasOi l

Cumulative Production

19,333,211 Mcf gas,21,187 BBLS oil/condensate

from 134 wells (excludes 10 OWWO)

(Gas production data supplied by PI/Dwights LLC,


Woodford Shale Oil/Condensate Production

(2 f 1 2 ll 2003 200 )


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(25 of 152 wells; 2003-2007)

@1.0% Ro

@0.6% Ro

40 API oilGOR 22,776

@1.3% Ro

@1.3% Ro

55 API condensate

GOR 87,555

@0.6% RoGOR 41,210

Oil: 10-48 API

Condensate: >49 API

Gas well: GOR >15,000

Oil well: GOR


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Gas Storage and Production

Production decline

curves suggest initial

gas production is asfree gas in fractures

Gas Production

depends on fractureconnectivity with gas

storage sites (free and

sorbed gas)

Devon Energy 1-26

Edwards horizontal

Woodford well (2005)

100

1,000

10,000

100,000

Jan-05

Mar-05

May-05

Jul-05

Sep-05

Nov-05

Jan-06

Mar-06

May-06

Jul-06

Sep-06

Nov-06

Jan-07

Mar-07

May-07

Date

AverageMonthlyProduction

(Mcf)

59,764 Mcf


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Taylor and others (1998)

KEROGEN NETWORK

(SOLID BITUMEN; IMPSONITE)

Solid bitumen network may beimportant for gas storage and

migration by diffusion

ORGANIC NETWORK IN WOODFORD


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(AOM; SOLID HYDROCARBON)

0.94% VRo

Solid hydrocarbon

network visible by

0.9% VRo



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(AOM; SOLID HYDROCARBON)

7.28% VRo

Solid hydrocarbon

network noticeable

at high thermalmaturity

10 000

Woodford Shale Gas Wells, 2003-2007


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1

10

100

1,000

10,000

0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000 16,000

Depth (feet)

InitialP

otential(Mcfd)

Woodford

Woodford Horizontal

All 175 wells: depth 570-15,310 ft;

IP: 3-8,930 Mcfd

93 horizontal wells: depth 5,450-

11,867 TVD; IP 125-8,930 Mcfd

SUMMARY OF WOODFORD GAS SHALE PLAY


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SUMMARY OF WOODFORD GAS SHALE PLAY

Woodford Shale contains Type II Kerogen with adequateTOC

Woodford Shale is silica rich (e.g., fracture-able)

Most Woodford Shale gas play is in eastern Oklahoma at

>1.1% Ro

Some Woodford Shale gas potential is in southern Oklahomaat


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THANK YOU

Typical Calf Creek point of Woodford chert found

in Haskell County, Oklahoma(Norman Transcript, March 11, 2007, p. E1)

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