WOODWORKING

Topics:•Oil Stain & How to apply it•Spirit Stain & how to apply it•Kinds of wood Finish•Applying Shellac•Applying Varnish•Applying Lacquer

Oil Stain• obtainable in a wide variety of colors• Easy to apply•Grain of wood will not rise with oil stain•Color may fade slightly • Not as clear as other stains

How to Apply Oil StainNote: Treat the end grain with Linseed oil before applying oil stain.

Step 1: Select the color of stain desired.

Step 2: Steer the stain and pour some to a cup or open container.

Step 3: Brush the stain on a scrap piece of the same stock to test the color. (Lighten the tint by adding turpentine or thinner)

Step 4: Apply a coat of linseed oil to the exposed end grain.

Step 5: Apply the stain with brush or soft cloth with long, even stroke on the area.

Step 6: After three minutes wipe the extra stain with cloth.

Step 7: dry for 6 hours Step 8: apply filler (if open grain)

Spirit Stain• comes in variety of colors• a little expensive• tendency to fade• difficult to apply•Has better penetration to surface previously filled• used in refinishing furniture

Step 1: Mix spirit color (follow direction of manufacturer)

Step 2: Test the color on a scrap piece of wood. (If too dark, add denatured alcohol or thinner)

Step 3: Apply thoroughly and evenly because excess will not be wiped off.

Step 4: dry for 6 hours Step 5: sand the surface with 2/00 sandpaper

Step 6: Clean the work with brush for further finishing.

Finishing• Finishes should be clear to show the natural color & beauty of the wood• Finishes are applied after the wood is stained or filled

Furniture from Philippine Pine

Guitar from Daowood

Narra Furniture Acacia Furniture

Finishing Material• Shellac• Varnish• Lacquer

Shellac• used for centuries even at the time of the Greeks• produced by insects called LAC BUG• produces durable, strong and smooth finish• resistant to marring

Shellac• rapid drying quality• dustproof• excellent sealer• Not waterproof, heatproof or alcohol proof• Glass container is preferred for metal will discolor shellac

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How to apply Shellac

Varnish• used in preserving wood surfaces• can be applied directly or over a filler• durable and lasting finish

Pumice Stone is used as an abrasive and in abrasive compounds for rubbing down wood finishes. When used for rubbing down finishes in its dry state, add water or Paraffin Oil as a lubricant for final finish rubbing.

• varnish produces beautiful luster when rubbed down with pumice, rottenstone & oil

Rottenstone is one of the finest substances used in wood finishing. Primarily used to polish a lacquered or varnished surface after a coarse rubbing with Pumice Stone.

Varnish • commercially available in color, transparent or w/ stain

Quality of varnish depends on:• grade of varnish• drying condition• evenness of application

Spar • quick drying varnish popular for being water & heat proof• used for finishing furniture exposed to moisture and heat• dries to a durable hard glossy finish

Tools & Materials for varnish finish

• good grade of fine bristle brush• sandpaper• pumice stone• rotten stone• paraffin oil

Applying Varnish

Step 1: Apply a thin coat of shellac on the surface to seal the pores or coat an oil or grease. (see how to apply shellac slide 26)

Step 2: Allow the coat to dry and sand surface using very fine sandpaper

Step 3: Apply another coat of shellac to be sure that the pores are sealed.Step 4: Dust off the surface with a clean rug.

Step 5: Pour an amount of varnish to an open container thinning it w/ the recommended amount (see instructions on label)

Step 6: Apply the varnish w/ long even strokes (using a good grade, long-bristle fine brush)

Step 7: let it dry for 24 hoursStep 8: surface may be sanded w/ 00 sandpaper w/ flowing waterStep 9: Apply to or more coats w/o thinningStep 10: rub w/ pumice stone mixed in water using felt or soft clothStep 11: with a good quality of rubbing compound rub the varnished surface until fine luster is obtained

Lacquer Finish• hard & durable finish produced recently• dries very fast so successive coats can be applied after a few hours• can give a gloss, semi-gloss or dull finish

How to apply Lacquer

Step 1: Seal the surface before application

Step 2: Sand the sealed surface lightlyStep 3: apply a coat of thin shellac if wood filler was used

Step 4: pour lacquer into a clean container preferably porcelain and add an equal amount of lacquer thinner & mixx thoroughly.

Step 5: Brush evenly a coat of lacquer on the surface from top downward.

Step 6: Allow the coat to dry after a few hours and then

sand it w/ very fine sandpaper

Step 7: Apply another coat of lacquer, thinner than the previous

Step 8: Let it dry then sand again

Step 9: Rub the last coat w/ a polishing pad moistened w/ a thin mixture of lacquer & thinner

Notes:1. Spray gun may be used. 2. More coatings needed if

brush is used. 3. Always dry coat before

sanding .4. Only polishing pad can be

used in applying lacquer.