WORD FORMATION PROCESS

WORD FORMATION PROCESS

How new words are being formed in the language

The process consists of a combination of morphemes that are rule-governed (a new word is formed)

OUTLINE OF WORD FORMATION PROCESS

Eponyms Back-formation Compounding Blending Clipping Acronyms Abbreviations Affixation

Reduplication Internal change Conversion

EPONYMS Eponyms are a word form by the word

formation process in which a new word is formed from the name of a real of fictitious person. For example:

atlas – Atlas boycott – Charles C. Boycott cardigan – James Thomas Brudnell, 7th Earl

of Cardigan cereal – Ceres Jacuzzi – Candido Jacuzzi mesmerize – Franz Anton Mesmer

BACKFORMATION

is a process in which a suffix is taken away from a noun to form a new verb

editor edit – or → edit

television television-ion → televise

babysitter babysitter-er →babysit

COMPOUNDING Process that forms new words from two or

more independent words

Examples of words formed by the compounding process:

Girl + friend = girlfriendgood+ looking=good-lookingfast+ food= fast-food

BLENDING

Process of creating a new word by combining the parts of two different words, usually the beginning of one word and the end of another.

motor + hotel = motel

camera + recorder = camcorder

CLIPPING

Process when one part is 'clipped' off the rest, and the remaining word now means essentially the same thing as what the whole word means or meant.

Public house pub Fanatic fan permanent wave Perm Cabriolet Cab

ACRONYM

Words that are formed from the initials of several words.

laser = light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation

RAM = Random Access Memory

CD = Compact Disk

ABBREVIATIONS

Abbreviation is the word formation process in which a word or phrase is shortened. Initialisms are a type of abbreviation formed by the initial letters of a word or phrase.

Apr. – April cm – centimetre(s) d. – died, died in dept. – department Dr. – doctor Jr. – Junior

AFFIXATION

Process of forming words by adding affixes to morphemes

English uses only prefixes and suffixes

sing + er = singer

un + real = unreal

REDUPLICATION

Process of forming new words either by doubling an entire word (total reduplication) or part of a word (partial reduplication)

Total reduplication is extremely rare!

partial reduplication

Humpty - dumpty

hocus - pocus

INTERNAL CHANGE

Changing sounds inside a root creates a new word

sing- sang (present/past)drive- drove (present/past)present- present (verb/noun)

CONVERSION

a noun comes to be used as a verb butter = buttered Have you buttered the toast? Verb becoming nouns

guess = a guess Phrasal verbs become noun

to print out = a printout Verb become adjective

see through = see-through material Adjective become verb

an empty room = to empty

Questions: what are the word formation process that produce the following words.

1. SMS

2. Worker Work

3. Jean Nicot nicotine

4. Scuba self-contained underwater breathing apparatus

5. mouse mice

6. work + room workroom

7. examination exam

8. Honey-bunny

9. happy + ness happiness

10.Sunday sun

11.camera + recorder camcorder

12.Stand up stand-up comedian

CONCLUSION

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