of 61
8/8/2019 Work Ergonomics Rev.0
1/61
1
Workplace ErgonomicsWorkplace Ergonomics
8/8/2019 Work Ergonomics Rev.0
2/61
2
What will be covered.What will be covered.What is ErgonomicsErgonomic Statistics
The benefits of an Ergonomic programErgonomic related injuries and their causesIdentifying Ergonomic Risk FactorsOffice Ergonomics
Industrial ErgonomicsControl Strategies to minimize risk What you can do to prevent injury
8/8/2019 Work Ergonomics Rev.0
3/61
3
What is Ergonomics?What is Ergonomics?Ergonomics is the science of fitting workplaceconditions and job demands to the capabilities of employees. ( U.S. Department of Health)Ergonomic principles are used to improve thefit between the worker and the workplace.A practical approach to Ergonomics considersthe match between the person, the equipmentthey use the work processes and the work environment.A persons capabilities, physical attributes and
work habits must be recognized to improveergonomic factors in the workplace.
8/8/2019 Work Ergonomics Rev.0
4/61
4
Ergonomic StatisticsErgonomic Statistics90% of all office workers use personal computers.In 1997 work related musculoskeletal disorders
reached 275
,000
cases.Carpal Tunnel Syndrome comprises 13 % of allworkplace injuries.Women outnumber men 3:1 sustaining CarpalTunnel Syndrome.WMSDs account for $2 0 billion in direct costseach year and $1 00 billion in indirect costs.
8/8/2019 Work Ergonomics Rev.0
5/61
5
The benefits of an ergonomic program
The benefits of an ergonomic programDecreased injuries, illnesses and workerscompensation costs.Increased efficiency at work.Increased physical well being.Decreased absenteeism and turnover.
Increase in employee morale.
Theimage cannotbe displayed.Your computer may nothaveenough memory toopen theimage,or theimagemay havebeen corrupted.Restartyour computer,and then open thefile again.If thered x stillappears,you may haveto deletetheimage and then insertitagain.
8/8/2019 Work Ergonomics Rev.0
6/61
T he Human BodyT he Human Body
6
8/8/2019 Work Ergonomics Rev.0
7/61
7
Ergonomic related injuriesErgonomic related injuriesMay be called:CTDs (cumulative trauma disorders)RSIs (repetitive stress injuries)RMIs (repetitive motion injuries)Which are all considered:
MSDs (musculoskeletal disorders)MSDs can affect muscles, tendons,nerves, joints and spinal disks.
8/8/2019 Work Ergonomics Rev.0
8/61
8
Common types of MSDs
Common types of MSDsTendonitisCarpal Tunnel SyndromeTennis Elbow
Neck and Back injuriesStrains/Sprains
BursitisThoracic Outlet SyndromeTrigger finger
8/8/2019 Work Ergonomics Rev.0
9/61
Ergonomic Related DisordersErgonomic Related Disorders
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Tendonitis
Low back problems
8/8/2019 Work Ergonomics Rev.0
10/61
C arpal Tunnel SyndromeC arpal Tunnel Syndrome
(C TS)(C TS)
8/8/2019 Work Ergonomics Rev.0
11/61
11
Risk factors and causes of MSDs
Risk factors and causes of MSDsRepetitionForceAwkward PostureStatic PostureContact Stress
Temperature ExtremesVibrationPsycho Social
8/8/2019 Work Ergonomics Rev.0
12/61
1 2
Identifying
Risk Factors
Identifying
Risk Factors
Conditions or circumstances that increasethe chances of developing a MSD.The likelihood of developing an injury isdependent on the frequency and durationof exposure to risk factors.
Both occupational and personal risk factorscan affect an individuals well being athome or work.
8/8/2019 Work Ergonomics Rev.0
13/61
1 3
Repetition
RepetitionOccurs when the same or similar movements are performed frequently.Repetition can also occur when differenttasks are performed if those tasks have thesame movements.
Injury may result from repetition when thetissues do not have adequate time torecover.
8/8/2019 Work Ergonomics Rev.0
14/61
1 4
C limbing poles is a
repetitive task
8/8/2019 Work Ergonomics Rev.0
15/61
1 5
Basket cranes usedto raise workers totop of electric poles
8/8/2019 Work Ergonomics Rev.0
16/61
1 6
R epetition
8/8/2019 Work Ergonomics Rev.0
17/61
1 7
R epetition removed
8/8/2019 Work Ergonomics Rev.0
18/61
1 8
ForceForceForce is the amount of physical effort required
by a person to do a task or maintain control of
tools or equipment.A pinch grip produces 3- 5 times more force onthe tendons in the wrist than a grip with thewhole hand.
With excessive force the muscles are contractingmuch harder than normal, this can lead to stresson the muscles, tendons and joints.
8/8/2019 Work Ergonomics Rev.0
19/61
19
Force
Use as lessforce as possible
Push your load,
dont carry it
8/8/2019 Work Ergonomics Rev.0
20/61
20
W aiters use carts instead of carrying plates over their shoulder
8/8/2019 Work Ergonomics Rev.0
21/61
Proper T ool DesignProper T ool Design
2 1
8/8/2019 Work Ergonomics Rev.0
22/61
22
Awkward Posture
Awkward Posture
Is a deviation from the neutral body position.A neutral body position is safest and mostefficient position in which to work.Awkward posture puts stress on muscles,tendons and joints.
8/8/2019 Work Ergonomics Rev.0
23/61
23
Static PostureStatic PostureStatic posture occurs when one position isheld for a prolonged period of time.
The muscles will become fatigued from alack of blood flow during a static posture.This fatigue can lead to discomfort and
even injury.
8/8/2019 Work Ergonomics Rev.0
24/61
24
8/8/2019 Work Ergonomics Rev.0
25/61
25
Contact Stress
Contact StressContact stress is caused by any sharp or hard object putting localized pressure on a
part of the body.Contact stress will irritate local tissues andinterfere with circulation and nervefunction.
8/8/2019 Work Ergonomics Rev.0
26/61
26
Temperature Extremes
Temperature Extremes
Environmental conditions suchas extreme heat or cold can
place stress on tissues.Extreme cold constricts bloodvessels and reduces sensitivityand coordination of body parts.Excessive heat can result inincreased fatigue and heatstress.
8/8/2019 Work Ergonomics Rev.0
27/61
2 7
8/8/2019 Work Ergonomics Rev.0
28/61
2 8
8/8/2019 Work Ergonomics Rev.0
29/61
2 9
Insulation
8/8/2019 Work Ergonomics Rev.0
30/61
30
8/8/2019 Work Ergonomics Rev.0
31/61
3 1
8/8/2019 Work Ergonomics Rev.0
32/61
32
8/8/2019 Work Ergonomics Rev.0
33/61
33
Vibration
VibrationExposure to vibration can occur while using power tools or while
driving equipment.Vibration from power tools can
place stress on the tissues of thefingers, hand and arms.Whole body vibration fromdriving puts stress on the spinaltissues.
8/8/2019 Work Ergonomics Rev.0
34/61
34
8/8/2019 Work Ergonomics Rev.0
35/61
35
PsychoPsycho- -socialIssuessocial
Issues
Stress, boredom, job dissatisfaction andanxiety can contribute to the possibility of
developing a MSD.Psycho-social issues can create increasedmuscle tension and reduce a personsawareness of work technique.
8/8/2019 Work Ergonomics Rev.0
36/61
3 6
Office ErgonomicsOffice ErgonomicsBy applying ergonomic principles to the officesetting, risk factors are minimized, productivity
is increased, and overall workplace quality isimproved.The workstation must be adjusted to promote aneutral position while a person works.
When adjusting a workstation, keep in mind thatall of the equipment interacts. Making oneadjustment may alter another.
8/8/2019 Work Ergonomics Rev.0
37/61
3 7Put things you use within reach
8/8/2019 Work Ergonomics Rev.0
38/61
3 8
P ut copyholder at same levelas monitor
8/8/2019 Work Ergonomics Rev.0
39/61
3 9
Adjusting the Workstation
Adjusting the WorkstationAdjust the Chair.
Adjust reach requirements.
Adjust focal requirements.
8/8/2019 Work Ergonomics Rev.0
40/61
40
8/8/2019 Work Ergonomics Rev.0
41/61
4 1
Correct the Environment
Correct the EnvironmentCheck lighting, noise and temperature.
Check work pace and stress levels.
Check work processes.
8/8/2019 Work Ergonomics Rev.0
42/61
42
8/8/2019 Work Ergonomics Rev.0
43/61
43
Improve Posture and Habits
Improve Posture and Habits
Modify wrist/hand motions
Improve neck and back postures
Consider personal preferences
8/8/2019 Work Ergonomics Rev.0
44/61
44
PositionHandWrist
8/8/2019 Work Ergonomics Rev.0
45/61
45
Industrial Ergonomics
Industrial Ergonomics
By applying ergonomic principles inindustrial settings, a safer, healthier and
more productive work environment can bedevelopedEmployees and employers need to knowhow to minimize risk factors by choosingthe best tools and work techniques for agiven task.
8/8/2019 Work Ergonomics Rev.0
46/61
4 6
Arrange the work area
Arrange the work areaConsider the base of support.
Place equipment and materials whereappropriate.
8/8/2019 Work Ergonomics Rev.0
47/61
4 7
Choose the appropriate tools
Choose the appropriate toolsCheck the fit.
Make sure the tools match the task.
8/8/2019 Work Ergonomics Rev.0
48/61
4 8
Best position:
Elbow at 90 100 degreesW rist is straight
8/8/2019 Work Ergonomics Rev.0
49/61
4 9
B ecause the arms are at a relaxed position and youmaximize 100% muscular strength from this position
8/8/2019 Work Ergonomics Rev.0
50/61
50
W hat is wrong with the picture? W hat would you recommend?
8/8/2019 Work Ergonomics Rev.0
51/61
5 1
C orrect the environmentC orrect the environment
Adjust lighting, noise and temperaturewhen possible.
Check work pace.
Check work processes.
8/8/2019 Work Ergonomics Rev.0
52/61
52
C ontrol StrategiesC ontrol Strategies
The next step is to develop and implementcontrol strategies to increase quality and
productivity.
Once the risk factors and their causes areidentified, control strategies can beimplemented based on needs.
8/8/2019 Work Ergonomics Rev.0
53/61
53
Engineering C ontrolsEngineering C ontrols
Appropriate initial design of the work station or work area.
Improving the design of the existing work area or equipment.Providing necessary equipment andaccessories.Adjusting the work station layout andequipment.
8/8/2019 Work Ergonomics Rev.0
54/61
54
A dministrative C ontrols A dministrative C ontrols
Training workers in work methods.
Varying or rotating work tasks.
Limiting extended work hours.
Providing mini-breaks.
8/8/2019 Work Ergonomics Rev.0
55/61
55
Personal Protective EquipmentPersonal Protective Equipment
PPE acts as a barrier between a person anda hazard.
PPE is only appropriate in situations whenengineering or administrative controlscannot be implemented.Back belts and other braces are not
considered PPE. These devices should not be used in place of incorrect work techniques.
8/8/2019 Work Ergonomics Rev.0
56/61
5 6
What you can do to prevent injury.What you can do to prevent injury.
Develop an Ergonomics program.Take proper breaks.Health and Fitness.Be aware of your hobbies away fromwork.
8/8/2019 Work Ergonomics Rev.0
57/61
5 7
When Ergonomics are improved in theWhen Ergonomics are improved in the
workplace:workplace:We work smarter, not harder.Quality, comfort and safety make us more
productive and happy people.Stay Healthy and Safe, Take action!!!
8/8/2019 Work Ergonomics Rev.0
58/61
5 8
Improve work techniques and habitsImprove work techniques and habits
Improve postures.
Check work techniques.
8/8/2019 Work Ergonomics Rev.0
59/61
Improving Work HabitsImproving Work Habits
5 9
8/8/2019 Work Ergonomics Rev.0
60/61
60
In Summary Workstations & tools are designed in sucha way to accomplish the job effortlessly.It makes work more human.
MAN
WO RKST ATION TOOL
JOB
8/8/2019 Work Ergonomics Rev.0
61/61
61
THANK
YOU!
