WORK study& LINE BALANCING

WORK study& LINE BALANCING FOR THE GARMENTS INDUSTRY

WORK STUDY & LINE BALANCING

INTRODUCTION

Project work is an indispensable part to study for a student of textile Engineering department. The enable we to avoid the gap between theories taught us just in the class room and it is applicable in the practices every year the students of the university are assigned with a particular project work. This is very important in the sense that it is the assignment that a student or group students has to comply by themselves prior to their job life in any industry. This work may be of any type as production survey the mill data or may be analysis of the Textile or Garments. This really increases level of confidence of the student and also increases their knowledge about their field.

WORK STUDY

Work study is a collection of techniques used to examine work-what is done-so that there is systematic analysis of all the elements, factors, recourses and relationships affecting the efficiency and effectiveness of the work being studied.

Work study is the investigation of work done in an organization in a systematic process in order attain best possible use of men, materials and machines available at present.


The slogan of work study is ‘work smart, not work hard’

Basic tools of work study

There are three basics tools of work study. They are-

1. Work measurement2. Method study -Motion study3. Time study -Partial work study -Overall work study

Objectives of work studyAccordance British Standards Institution approved definition B.S 3138:1959‘work study is the systematic study of an operation or process to ensure the best possible use of the human and material resources available. The prime aim is to improve productivity”

-To standardize the method of doing a task.

-To determine the standard time for doing a task.

-To minimize the materials movements, operator’s movement, idle time of the workers and machine by proper plan layout

-To eliminate the unnecessary human motions in performing a task.

-To utilize the facilities such as men, machine or materials most efficiently and effectively.

-To establish the standard of performance.


WORK STUDY

Line balancing means allocation of m/c or work to individual work. According to the working sheet the step wise setting of m/c and work and individualization of the whole worker into some necessary parts to the worker is called line balancing.

In garments industry, line balancing is the process of-

-Selecting an effective sewing line -With competent machines regarding to worker -To produce a specific order -A certain time deadline

we used line balancing technique to achieve:

1. The minimization of the number of workstations2. The minimization of cycle time3.The maximization of workload smoothness4. The maximization of work relatedness.


LINE BALANCING

Objectives of Line Balancing

Aim of this program is to get manufacturing and design to work together on the core objective i.e. ‘Profit’. The designers have to start thinking the best possible ways of creating a design which will suit the manufacturing in the most profitable way while the garment techs or sample makers will think of the most efficient way of construction. Sewing supervisors and Industrial Engineers will learn how to look at the way operators are working and how to improve sewing methods and to set standard times for the various operations that go together to make the garment. They will also be able to provide management with more information to allow management to make better informed decisions and manage more effectively resulting in:-

-Higher productivity-Increased profitability-Reduction in work content-Simplified work process-Greater awareness of equipment-Better understanding of how folders and special attachments can influence -productivity-Production information and documentation to management


LINE BALANCING


Objectives of Our Work

-To maximize the production.-To improve per day production.-To minimize the production cost.-To find out the wasting time during a product making and to minimize the wasting time.-Find out the problem restricting the production, generating proper solutions and

implement them in a proper way.-To analyze what affects productivity in respect to a garments factory.-To develop the best method or work and motion ergonomics-To balance the line for best utilization of men, machine and material.


This project means work study and line balancing presents a lot of problems and remedies occurred in garments production. We are trying to give an idea about the possible problems and remedies related to the garments production.

Tools and Equipments to Be used For Doing This Work :

•Calculator•Stopwatch•Scale•Pen•Paper•Pencil•Graph paper•Time study sheet •Cutting scissor•Inspection table•Input table•Productivity improvement sheet.


Process/Technique of Work Study:

The methodology of this thesis is the observation, understanding, recording, improvement, implement of the existing operation condition and find out the problems then give a suggestion. To increase the production of a company first of all it is required to collect the data about the production capacity, the total floor space, total machineries, total worker and minimum clearance between one work stations to another to perform the best works so that maximum output can be achieved. Then it is important to practically visualize the existing condition of the production floor.


Garments Manufacturing Process: Stepwise garments manufacturing sequence on industrial basis is given below:

Spreading

Marking

Design/Sketch

Basic block

Basic pat Pattern development

Working pattern

Production pattern

Spreading

CuttingDesign/Sketch

Basic block

Basic pat Pattern development

Working pattern

Production pattern

Spreading

Cutting


Sewing Machine Types According to the operating system, there are two types of sewing m/c are available given below-

1. Manually Operated sewing machine 2. Electrically Operated sewing machine

1. Manually Operated sewing machine: The m/c in which sewing is done by physical power called Manually Operated sewing machines. These types of sewing m/c are widely used in tailoring and domestic purpose for sewing fabrics. Because of less production, these types of sewing m/c are not used in garments industry.

2. Electrically Operated sewing machine: The m/c, in which sewing is done by electrical power called Electrically Operated sewing machine. Comparatively these types of m/c contain high production and widely used in garments industries for making garments. The machines which are used in garments industries are called Industrial sewing m/cs.

There are various types of industrial sewing machines and among them some features about these various types of machines are given below -


Sewing Machine Types

Lock stitch m/c or Plain stitch m/c

Group Lock stitchS.P.M 1500-5500Needle Name DB*1Needle Size 9,11,14,16,18,21T.P.I 2.5 inches

Flat lock m/c



Group Chain stitchBrand Name PegasusNeedle Size 7,9,11R.P.I 2600Origin China

Button Hole m/c

Group Lock stitchBrand Name PegasusNeedle Size 7,9,11R.P.I 800-4000Origin China

Button Attaching m/c



Group Lock stitch/Chain stitchBrand Name JukiNeedle Size 9,11,14,16,18,21Needle Type TQ*1S.P.I 1500Origin Japan

Bartak m/c:

Group Lock stitchS.P.M 3000-3200Needle name DP *5Needle size 9, 11, 14, 16, 18, 21. Per bar tack – 8 inchesFunction Bar tacking.



Chain Stitch m/c

Group Chain stitchS.P.M 1800-6500Needle Name UV*5/TV*7Needle Size 9,11,14,16,18,21T.P.I 4 inches

Overlok m/cGroup Chain stitch Brand Name JukiNeedle Type DC*1,DC*11,DC*14Origin JapanModel MO-

3914,TO-42


Sewing Sequence of POLO SHIRT



Result:

Total time required to making garments is 9:28 if single machine is used. But double machine is used in (operation, 18, 21, 25, 28, 31) so that time Reduce 60 second.

Actual Total time required to making a garments= 8:28 minutes (basic time)




Method Study

Latter on the scope motion study was enlarged and it was named ‘Method Study’

The British standard Glossary(BSG)defines method study as“systematic recording and critical examination of existing and proposed ways of doing work as means of developing and applying easier and more effective method and thereby reducing cost

Objectives of Method study-Simplify the task (or element it)-Eliminate unnecessary motion-Reduce inherent work content-Engineer the operation

Professional approach of Method study

The main objective of method study is to search for the best method. The searching of the best method is correct sequence. This sequence of method study is known as professional approach of method studyThe basis pattern can be remembered by the word ‘SREDDIM” Here-

S=Select a word to be studiedR=Record from observation of all relevant factsE=Examine criticallyD=Develop a best method of work placeD=Define a new method which gives best possible returns

I=Install as a standard practice.M=maintain by regular routine checks

Motion Study


Motion study is a technique of analyzing the body motion employed in doing a task in order to eliminate or reduce ineffective movement and facilitates effective movement.

Principles of Motion Study

There are three principles-1) Principles related to the use of the ‘human body”2) Principles related to the ‘Arrangement of the workplace”3) Principles related to the ‘Design of tools and equipment”

Objective of Motion Study

-Reduce the no. of motion-Reduce the distance moved-Reduce eye shift-Simply grasps-Best use of both hands -Encourage rhythm-Promote natural posture and movement


time Study

Time study is defined as a work measurement techniques for recording the time and rate of working for the elements of a specific job, carried out under specific condition and for analyzing the data so as to obtain the time necessary for carrying out the job at a defined level of performance.

Equipments needed for Time Study- Stop watch.- Study board.- Time study forms. - Pen- Calculator

When doing a time study-------•Take more than 20 observations•Record relevant details about the method and the machine•Stand diagonally behind the operator about 1.5-2.0 meters

Observed timeObserved time comes from a direct observation by an observer that an operator takes to complete his/her relevant operation or elements.

Performance Rating

Observed rating Performance rating factor

Standard rating


time Study

Standard RatingThe place at which a qualified worker perform a task(standard rating 100)

Standard performance Standard Performance is” the optimum rate of output that can be achieved by a qualified worker as an average for the working day or shift, due allowance being made for the necessary time required for rest”

Normal TimeIt is the time that a normal operator would be expected to complete a job without the consideration of allowances. In British Standard it is called basic time .

Normal Time=Average observed time*performance rating factor

Standard Time Standard time is the time required for an average operator, fully qualified and trained, and working at standard pace, to perform the operation.

Standard time = Normal time +Allowance = Normal time +(Normal time*Allowance) = NT(1+Allowance)

SMV (Standard Minute Value) time Study


SMV is the time taken by a qualified worker to perform a specified task in a defined level of performance.SMV calculation

SMV calculation of a basic T-shirt from a time study sheet of a garments industry. Following formulas are use- Normal time =Average observed time *performance rating factor SMV =Basic time +(Allowance *Basic time)

Target calculation

60

Capacity Average of the observed time % of Allowance

No. of worker *work hours *60Target *Expected Efficiency

SMV

Efficiency Calculation

Produced minute *100Overall Efficiency

Used minutes

Produced minute *100

On standard EfficiencyUsed minutes – Non productive time


Conclusion This study has identified the most pressing needs. Yet as already noted with

sufficient interest, effort, and resources applied to basic production techniques and managerial disciplines, factories have great potential to increase productivity. Improvements in productivity of 20-25 % can be achieved with the right attitude and climate. A systematic program to introduce modern management concepts, including industrial engineering, production engineering, systems and controls is therefore of the highest priority. Training and professional development to implement such a program are needed.

So we take work study department and work this department very hard. It is completely a new experience in our life, which will be very effective in my service life. During our training period we realized that practical experience is valuable for service life.

Date post:	17-May-2015
Category:	Business
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WORK study& LINE BALANCING

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