Cut a New Doorin a Wall

Build a SmallGreenhouse

Inlay WoodTurning

Recover a Sofa

'/I

guild Thi~"..

~ Modern Lampfor ~7.49

KWIKITS • • •THE PERFECT COMPLEMENT F P S .E.*

HEAVIER CONSTRUCTION

Heavy *Hfirst gra de, Iully cured lum­ber for top, bottom. sides and back • .•not flimsy lh" wood commonly used in"k its." Bigger. sturdi er - as much as30% heavier than others in the samepr ice class . Eliminates spurious reso­nances 50 detri menta l to achievingr icher. clea ner bass reproduct ion.

Q

"'"All pieces are pr e-cut and pr e-drill ed . • _engineered to go together quick ly and simply.Glu ing and screwing of esse ntial segmen ts reosult in reli abl y ai r-tig h t, perm an ent joints.Miter ing and plenty of bracin g for truly rigidconstructi on. Baftle hoard is pr e-cu t and plug.ged . • . adap ters sup plied for easy install at ionof additio na l compone nts as your system ex­pand s. Ever ythin g you need is supplied, up tothe point of finishi ng. You pr ovide the screw­dri vers and the fun.

FOOLPROOF PRECISION ASSEMBLY

Underside vieio showshow advanced design.self-conta ined foldedhor n e xte nds t o t heir ont of the cabinet ,proj ectin g low Irequ en­clee ou t in to th e room. . . not back int o acorne r, splashed agai nstthe walls. KwiKits aretherefore ind epend entof room furnishings,sha pe, or placement .and can be used agains ta flat wall, in a corner• _• even up in the ai r 1

T here's no end of decor ativ e treatm ent youcan give your KwiKit enclosu re. Genuine Kor­ina veneer on pr incipa l exposed surfaces issame as used in fine furn itur e. and provid es abeautif ul finish. Decorat ive fro nt mouldingsa re inclu ded and have been designed to com­plement and enhan ce your pr esen t decor. Ex.qui site, textured grille fabric is eq ually a thome in settin gs of any peri od, an d is acouari­caUy correct to pr event high frequ ency auen­uatlon,

PROFESSIONAL RESULTS

PLACE ANYWHERE IN ROOM

K wiKit acoustic design and tilt ed baffle com.bine direct spea ker rad iat ion and compen­sated rear hor n loading in a way that blendsbass, middle and tr eble ranges perfectly . . •for uni form response thr oughout the listeningareas of a room.

ROOM·BALANCED PERFORMANCE

••A- Hole cuIout '01Hf·21l6.

:;~~:e:i:~ i~P~':'C- Adapler suppliedcut outlorUXl-S.O- Hole cutoullor H-«IO horn.E- 8Ia. 1 pluf supplied.F- Tales 312, UXC.l23,Oiflusieon.. 12. UXC.122Diffuj,ls. 6200. 6201 wid..'angt speakers andG-12Wwoofer.

A- Hole cui oul forHf·21l6.1-8Ia. 1 plof suppliedwhen Iweeler isn't used.f;t':f.~r suppliedeul out

O- Hole cuIoul'orc.8W,Dllfusieone-a 01 308.E- 81anl pluf supplied.f -AdaplersuppliedcuI oulfOl H-6OD horn.C- Takes 31S-C. &303.Diffusicone-15 DiI'uials.a.d C.15W,~ woolers,

A and1-8Ia. 1 plufSsupplied.C- Takes 31Z. UXC·IZ3.Diflusieon.. IZ. UXC.IZ2Ojffalli.ls . 6200. 6201 _.

~~l~$:O:~::.S end

MODEL K EN.t2takes .n,. 12" wide-range or woofer cone

speaker and any tweeter or mid -range speakers.

MODEL K E N - U Sukes any 15" wide-rance or woofer cone

lpeaker and any tweeter or mid-" n, e speake ....

M O DEL KEN-UStakes .ny 12'" wide-r.nge Or woofer tonG speaker

when 12- adaptor board (optional) Is used.

.., Untv. " ity"s Pro,r,salve Spea ke, Expansion Plan

SEE YOUR DEALER TO DAY .

Send for your fr ee copy

of Unive rsity 's newKw iKit b ro chu re. Wri te Desk H·I

UNI V E R SI T Y L O U DSP E A KE RS. I N C . 80 SOUTH K E N SI C O A VE NU E , WHIT E P L.A IN S, N . Y.

ILISTEN I~~~ ,t~&I~

SPECIAL FORMULA FOR WOMEN ALSO AVAI LABLE.CHECK COUPON IF DESIRED.

EACH DAILY VITASAFE CAPSULE CONTAINSCholin e Nia cin Am id e 40 mgBit artrat e 31.4 mg. Cal cium •

~~.O~i~~~ion in e i8-:~: V~:an~~~h e;ate 24I~iJ:Glut amic Acid 50 mg. Folic Acid 0.5 mg.Lemon Biofl avonoid Calcium 15 mg.

Compl ex 5 mg. Phosphorus 58 mg.Vitamin A Ir on 30 mg.

12.500 USP Unit s Cobalt 0.04 mg.Vit am in 0 Copper 0.45 mg.

1.000 USP Unit s Manganese 0.5 mg.Vitami n C 15 mg. Molybd enum 0.1 mg.Vitamin 8 , 5 mg. Iodine 0.075 mg.~il:~i~ : ~ ~:g ~i: ~f~: s sium 2 mg.Vitamin 8 , • 2 meg. Magne sium O'~ :::~ :We invit e you to compare the r ichness of thi s formula

with any other vitamin and minera l preparati on.

r,,,:,,·,,:,~ -:-.-::-:~ -:-.-::-:~ -:-.":':-: ':"".":":-::-: -:-.-:.":'~ -:-,,,:,:-: ':"".~II: VITASAFE CORP. 251 :1I: 43 West 61$t Street, New York 23, N. Y. :,I , 'Ir Yes , I accept yo ur ge ne ro us no- r isk offer •I: under t he Vitasafe P la n as advertised in :1I: Workbench . :1I: Se nd me my F RE E 30-day supply of high- :1I: potency Vitasafe Capsules as ch ecked below: :1I ' ,I: 0 Man's Formula 0 Woman's Formula :1. .1

I: I ENCLOSE 25c PER PACKAGE for packing and postage. :1I: :1I: Name : ...... ..... ...... ....... .......... ......... ........ ...... .... :1I: :1I. Address -I

: ~ City Zone State ..... ...... ...... . ~lI. Only one tri al supply per person. '1. ' IN CA NA DA : 394 Sy ming to n Ave., Toronto 9, One, "I: ( Can adian F ormula adjusted t o local condtrtone.) : ,

~...":"';':';'::":';':':';';': :..•.:..;.::.;":"':";'::'; :"'';':';'::'':,,:.•..:, ;.: :..•.:..:.;. :';'J

MARCH -APRIL, 1958 » 1

daily requirement of Vitamin B-1 and thefull concentration recommend ed by theNational Research Council for the otherfour important vitam ins! Each capsule alsoconta ins the amazing Vitamin B-12 - oneof the most rema rkab ly potent nutrientsknown to science - a vitami n that actuallyhelps streng then your blood and nourishyour body organs. Vitasafe Caps ules alsocontain Glutamic Acid , a natura l sub­stanc e derived from wheat gluten andthought by many doctors to help nour ishthe hra in cells for more power of concen­tration and increased mental alertness.And now, to top off this exclusive formulaeach capsule also br ings you an importantdosage of Citrus Bioflavonoid - the anti­cold factor that has been so widely ac­claimed. This fonnula is so comp lete it isava ilab le nowhere else at any price!

WHY WE WANT YOU TOTRY A 30·DAY SUP P LY - FREE l

We offer you this 30-day free trial ofvaluable VIT ASAFE C.F. CAPSULES forjust one reason. So many persons have al­ready tried them with such astoundingresults . . . so many people have writtenin telling us how much bett er they feltafter only a short trial ... that we areabsolutely convinced that you, too, mayexperience the same feeling of health andwell-being afte r a similar trial. Iii fact,we' re so convinced that we're willing toback up our convictions with our ownmoney. You don't spend a penny for thevitam ins! All the cost and all the risk areours. A month's supply of similar vitamincaps ules, if it were availab le at retailwould ordinarily cost $5.00.

HOW T HE VI TASAF E PL ANO PE RATES T O SAVE YO U MONEY

When you receive your free 30-d ay sup'ply of vitamins, you are under no obliga­tion to bu y anijthing. With your vitaminsyou will also receive a handy postcard . Ifafter taking your free Vitasafe capsules forthre e weeks you are not satisfied in everyway, simp ly return the postcard and thatwill end the matt er. Oth erwise. it's up tous - you don 't have to do a thing - andwe will see that you get your month ly sup­plies of vitamins on tim e for as long as youwish, at the low, money-saving price ofonly $2.78 per month .

AMAZ ING NEW PL AN SLASHESVITAMt N PRI CES ALMOST I N HALF

\Vith your free vitamins you will alsoreceive complete details regarding thebenefits of this amazing new Plan that pro­vides you regularly with all the vitaminsand minera ls you will need. Th is Planactua lly enables you to receive a 30-daysupply of vitamin s every month regul arly.safely and factory-fresh for exactly $2.78- or almost 50% lower than the usualretail price. BUT YOU DO NOT HAVETO DECIDE NOW - you are und er noobligation to buy anyth ing from us what­soever. To get your free 30-day supp ly andguaranteed opportunity of re gular worth­while savings on your vitamin pur chases.be sure to send us the coupon today.

@1958 VITA SAFE CORP., 43 . West 61 s1 Stree t, New York 23, N. Y.IN CANADA: 394 Symi ng to n Ave., Toronto 9, Onl.

25r-.. just to helpy cover shipping

expe nses of this

Our Fights Have Turnedto Kisses!

IT'S hard to believe tha t my wife andI used to fig ht. She wou ld start nag·

gi ng at me the minute I got home fromwork and I would snap right back athe r! We argued and bicke red so often

that we suddenly realized our mer­riage wa s breaking up! There wasn 'ta ny real reason for it except tha t bothof us always felt so tired that we goton each other's nerves !

Our family doctor gave us someadvice that probably saved our mer­riage. Many peopl e, he told us, be·co me run-down and over-tired becausetheir d iets do not conta in enough vito­mins, mine rals and lipotrop ic factors .This could easily cause us to feel worn­out, tense and short tempered.

To correct th is condition, ea ch of ussta rted taking Vita safe High-PotencyCapsules. Before long we had morepep, more energy - and our disposi­tions improved . Instead of fighting, wewere back in each other's arms.

If you or your wife have lost thepep and energy you used to ha ve ... ifover-tiredness makes you nervous andbad-tempered with the ones you love,you owe it to you rse lf to try provenVitosa fe High .Potency Capsules.

FREE SO-day supplyHIGH-POTENCY CAPSULESLipotropic Factors, Vitamins and Minerals

Safe n utritional I 'or-m u!e con tai ning 27pro ven ingredients : Glu ta m ic Acid, Cho line,Inositol , Methioni ne , Citrus Biofl avon oid,11 Vitamins ( including blood-building B.12

a nd Folic Acid) plus 11 Minerals.

To prove to you the remarkable advan­tages of the Vitasafe Plan .. . we will sendyou, with out cha rge, a 30-day free supplyof high-potency VITASAFE C.F. CAP­SULES so you can discover for yourselfhow much healthi er, happier and pepp ieryou may feel after a few days' trial! Just-one of these capsules each day. suppliesyour body with over twice the minimumadult daily requ irements of Vitamins A, Cand D ... five tim es the minimum adult

number 21 4

Keep in g Up With Craft and Home Pro d ucts.. 4

The Cr a ft an d Ho me Bo o ksh e IL .. .. .. 8

Ad v ice to Ap p ly to Applia nces 50

J . J . lighter

Publicat io ns You Can Get Fro m Uncl e Sam 59

Th is Mig h t Help 63

Deland. Florida . R. W. HunterBox 12BO, Deland 14 17W

DEPARTMENTS

Cover Phot ogr ap h of Modern l a mp by Ronald l.And e rso n and of the Boat Shaped Appe t ize r Serverby R. J. De Cris tofaro .

Inlays Be aut if y Woo d Tu rn in g s 38

James E. Se it z

A Se a Captai n ' s De s k That Fits on land.... ... .40

Ro ber ta L. Fa ira ll

W re nches W o rk Be tt e r with Car e 42

Mo r to n J . Sch ul tz

Pasadena , California . Murray Bothwell234 Eas t Colorado, RYan 1-9155

51. Louis . Mo.: John Cocke rell , Inc. George Glover9 15 O live St .. GArfie ld 1-0907

Chicago , Illinois , John R. Cockerell360 North Michigan , ANdover 3·6929

Ne w York , N. Y., Murray Bernha rdlI B East 40th , OXford 7·5420

C lo thes V ale t 44

Hugh F. Wi lliamson

Tuck Pointing Pre ve nt s Brick De ter io ra tion .. .. .46

Mo rt on J . Sch ul tz

Wall Fin ishes for Con cr e te Masonry .4 9

N. M. Pittm an

It ' s Done Wi th Mirr ors 59

Ken Murra y

ADVERTISING REPRESENTATIVES

Jack Tillo tso n, Publisher

Theod ore M. ~' Le.ry , Edit or

M. V. Gree ne , Classified Adv. Mgr .

WORKBENCH is publ ished b l-monthlv by Modern Handcraft , Inc.. 543 Westport Road, Kansas City 11.Missouri. Entered as second class matter at the Post O ff ice at Kansas City , Missouri; ad ditional entry atChicago , Ill ino is . Thirty-f ive cents a copy . Annual subscript ions $2 in the Un ited States and its posses­sions; $2.50 in Canada ; Foreign subscriptions , $2.50. Six weeks advance notice re q uired for change ofsubscri pti on address. Both old and (le w addresses must be g iven , and request ma rked for CirculationDepa rtment, WO RKBENCH. Printed in the U. S. A. , Copyr ight 1958, by Mode rn Ha nd cra ft , Inc.

Tips on Driving Scr ews 17

Dal e Mo re y

We Re co vered O ur So fa O ur se lv es 18

Ed w in Ho ffm an

G ive Flo w ers an Earl y St ar t Wi th

Th is Sm al l Greenh o use 2 2

R. S. Ho ward

Serving Bo a t fo r Appe tize rs 24

R. J . De Cr istoforo

Tiny Co bbler's Be nch Se w ing Kit .. 27

W ill Stoll

A Table that Serv es Tw o Purposes 28

A Gun Rack fo r J un ior 31

W ebst er P. Tayl o r

A Gu id e to Se lec ting Hi-Fi loudspea kers ...... 32

lawrence J . Epste in

Add Th is Back Do o r Porch Shell.. 36

Contributors should make a copy of a ll manuscripts submitted. Eve ry effo rt wi ll be made toreturn rejected manuscripts , photographs, and diag rams , if accompanied by sufficient fi rst c lass postage,

but WO RKBENCH wi ll not be respon sible for any loss of such ma'erial.

The contents of WORKBENCH are indexed in TheReader's Gu ide to Period ica l li terature, which is onf ile in a ll pub lic libraries.

ARTICLES

Contents for March-April, 1958

A l a m p That Sh in e s Thr ee Ways: l0

Ron ald L. An de rs o n

Making Tw o Beds Fro m O ne 13

We bs te r P. Taylo r

Add ing a n Insid e Do orwa y 14

J . J . li ghter

WORKBENCH V 0 I u m e

PLATEBaby Shoes

IN

BRONZEAND

PEARL

MILLIONS OFNEW PROSPECTS

EVERY YEARNow is the time to cash in on thisbig-p aying , easy-to-operate , year­round business and you need noexperi ence. MATERIALS COSTYOU ON LY SOc - YOU GET$6 .00! With many actua l "show­how" illustrations and step-by­step instr uctions , YOU can startearni ng money at once in oneweek. W orking only a few hour s

' you can make more money thanmany people make wor kin g anentire week.

IMMEDIATE RESULTSThis tested and proved methodgives you complete det ail s so thatyou may start at once metal!zing

.::..._~~ baby shoes with real Gold, Sliver,Bron ze. They will last forever andever retaining every priceless de­tail of natural shoes. Five mill ionnew pro spect s every year .

START AT HOMED on'l p a ss upthis golden op­portun ity to Startyour 0 w n busi..ness o n a

. shoe s tr i n g.

~ACT N OW!

~.' .. ' We will send• " ' you full de-

. . j rails a b s o-IUl elv free.

* Big Income* Huge Demand* Sales Plan* Future Security* Your Own Business

KIKTAVI COMPANY, Dept. W-58411029 S. Vermont Los Angeles 44,Calif.

~--------------.I KIKTAVI COMPANY, Oept. W-584 II 11029 S. Vermont , Los Angele s 44, Calif.

Send me FREE detail s of your MONEY MAK - Il ING PLAN, withou t obligati on. I

I NAME II II STREET II CITY ZONE_STATE I

~_------------_~2 « WORKBENCH

2076-J EASTCHESTER ROAD, NEW YORK 61, N. Y. ~

ALBERT C.ONSTANTINE AND SON, INC.• ~ J •

126 PA G ES- FULL COLOR, Com plet e selection of Rare and Fan cyimported and dom esti c woods, hard-to-get i tems, hardware, upholsterysupplies, p la ns, pa tterns and Do-It -Yourself In fo rrna rion, G et yourcopy of CONSTANTI NE'S Master M anual and Bargai n Book . .. Ithe biggest and best woodworking and hobby book ever published by IAmerica's leading supplier lO Craftsmen, H ow-to -do-it art icles, sectionson newe st power and hand tools all at lowest pr ices. Over 83 inl ay Idesign s, a big wood ident ifica tion panel sho wing 60 d iffer ent wood s Iin natural color ready for fram in g. It's woodworking's finest book,in valuable to homeowners and craf tsmen alike. Send coupon today. I

•III

•IJ

Suppli9rs to Craftsmen for over 145 yea rs.

'MA IL COUPON TODAYALBERT CONSTANTINE AND SON, INC.2076-J Eastchester Road, New York 61, N. Y.Gentlemen: Please send me copy of your 1957 MasterManual. Enclosed is 50c (refunded on first order) tocover postage and handling.

Name ..Address ..

City Zone State ..o Also send me a FREE issue of your paper Chips and

Chats and Contest Entry Blank.--------------..~MA RCH-APRIL, 1958 » 3

HERE'S the most start ling onnou ncem e nt for woodworkers o nd craftsmeneve r made. Ame rica 's lead ing supplier of wo ods a nd woodwor ki ng ma te rial sis offe ring you the .:>pportun ity to get nation a l rec ognitio n fo r your skill

on d at the same ti me win on e of 309 prize s.

3 CLASSES TO ENTER-3 big ca sh pri zes in ea ch class. NOTHINGTO BUY, NO ENTRY FEE, simply fill in and mail the cou po n

for com ple te details. Co ntest clos e s March 31 , 1958.Se nd coupon for f ree d e ta il s & e nt ry blank todayl

•••

•

PARTIALTABLE OF

ContentsListed here are a few of th e thousands ofitems for the commercial and hobbywookworker :Inlay & Veneers, Fancy Cabinet WI'oods,Dimension cut lumber, Tuming squares& blocks, Mat ched and taped veneers,Craf tsm en books & plans, Picture framemoulding, Carved u/ood moulding,Pressed wood plaqu es, Inlaid plcmre kits,Typ ewr iter fixtures, Adjsstable shel fbrackets, Casters, Card table bnrdu/are,Chair braces, Brass chain, Bed fasteners,Brass fen cing, Dowel centers, T aperedlegs IF'ood & Brass, Flok finishes, M lIsi­sical M OIJements, H i-Fi sliding equip­ment , Crib Hardware, D rawer Rollers,Furniture Clamps, Upholstery materials,Electric ranters, Saws and saw blades,Sharpening stones, H and tools, Nut bowlhardware, M itre Vise, T able leaf sup­po rts, Chair cane & fibre rusb, Rattan fo rbasketry, Sliding door hardware, Sand ers,Sprayill$ eqllipme nt, Finishing materials,Brass [urnitnre pulls, Revolving shelffixtur es, Abrasive papers, Specialt y ply­wood, Cabin et hard ware, W ood burni ngpens, Platf orm rock er springs, Thermom­eter cards.

In communicating with companies whose products are described in this department.please mention WORKBENCH.

Workbench for HomeAssembly

A SCIENTIFICALLY-DESIGNED workbench,ship ped knocked down fo r easy as­sembly using a minimum of tools ,has been introduced by Build-O­B en ch Co ., 45 L ay n e Pl. , San B r uno,California . Two l engths are available,6 or 8 feet , and each unit is 2 feetw ide and 33 inches high. M ade ofkiln-dried clea r Douglas fir , toughMasonite T empered P r esdw ood fort op , d rawer bottoms and back, thewor kbench has eight drawers, andcenter cabinet space. A 2'x6' "Peg­Board" panel is included for hangingto ols on a wall behind the bench.

Assembly instructions are in cl u d edwith each kit. Parts are ex a c t ly cut ,ready to b e fitted together accordingto number s marked in the glue joints .No n ails or screws are visible w henthe assembly is compl e ted. An 8­in ch ov erhang at each en d will ac­commodate a vi se for e ither a leftor r iaht-h s o- ded w or k e r.

P r ices: $56.50 for s ix-foot uni t,$71.50 fo r eigh t - f oo t , F.O .B ., SanBruno, California.

Automatic GarageDoor Opener

OPERATING ON or d ina r y 110-v olt house­hold cur rent, the Victor AutomaticE l e c tr i c Ga r a g e Doo r Opener w orkson all types of residential overheadgarage do ors. T he mechanism whichraises the g arage door is a ctuated byeither a key switch located in a drive­way post or a push button switch in­side the g a r a ge , the house, or anyother indoor location. Closing of thedoor is done manually, and, whenclosed , the Victor Automatic Elec tricGarage Door Opener locks the doorautomatically .

4 « WORKBENCH

Th e comple te ki t r etails fo r $24..95and in c ludes th e outdoor k ey sw itch,a n indoor push button switch, th eautomatic door op ener mechanism, ath r ee-y ear guarantee, and completeea s y - to - unde r s ta nd installation in­structions . N ot included is the post,which many homes already have, an dthe electrical wire n ecessary for theinstallation.

Unlike most a utomatic garage dooropeners, whic h require .a carpentera nd electrician for installation, theVictor Automatic E lectric GarageDoor Opener can be installed by any­one because it operates on a simpleelectro-mechanical principle.

Th e kit is available a t hardware,lum ber , and building supply reta il­ers, or, additional information maybe obtained by writing directly t oYonkers In dus t r ies , Inc., D ep a r tm en tC, 28 School Street, Yonkers, NewYor k .

AII.Purpose Keyhole Saw

A NEWall-purpose keyhole saw w hichis designed to cut in every directionhas been in troduced by Great NeckSaw Mfrs., In c . , of Mineola, NewYork . Claimed to be made of superiortungsten s teel. the bl ade is id eal forthe home workshop an d the do-it­yo ur se lf exp e r t . A s m all , compactpi stol grip saw which cu ts w ood ,metals , plastics , e tc ., is uniformlyheat treated to w ithsta nd severepunishment and is said to be usefulin r epairing wrought iron furniturea nd most home repair jobs. The k ey­hole saw is easy to w ork with inclose areas because of its small 10"over-a ll s ize . Teeth a r e said to b eperfectly set, 24 points to the incha nd the blade self-locks to the handlein four directions ; horizontally , v er ­tically, right or left. Furnished witha n a ttractiv e gold a lloy pi stol-griphandle, the saw c an b e u sed safelyand conveniently by the housewifefor small emergency repairs aroundthe house, cutting frozen foods, e tc .The 10" size makes it easy t o storeand use and the blade is simple to

change- no screws, nuts or bolts . At­tractive enough to be considered autensil, this all-purpose keyho le sawretails for on ly 49 cen ts and is fullyguaranteed.

A NEW home workshop lathe styled byfamous designers Raymond LoewyAs sociates , In c . , a nd manufacturedby Rockwell Manufacturing Com­pany's D elt a Power To ol Di vision,provides the largest capacity ev erbuilt into a hobbyist 's and homecraftsman's tool of this type .

The craftsman and hobbyist cando work on this tool tha t could for­merly be done only on industrial typetools . It will turn a n extr a largepiece of w ood- u p to 14 inches indiameter a nd 3 inches th ic k- ov er agap in the tool bed pr ovided for thispurpose as w ell as pi eces up to 36inch es long and 11 inches in diameterover the b ed it s elf . The ex tra ca­pacity is particula r ly useful fo r thecr aftsman w ho wan ts to turn bowlsa nd di scs and similar wide-dia m eterobj ects.

The new D elta H omecraft lathe,call ed the 14/11 b ecause of it s 14 and11 in ch c a p a cit y, is a lso ruggedenough for light m a chining of m etalsand m etal spinning - a popularm ethod for shaping so ft meta l sheetsinto d ecorative or useful objects- andver s a t ile enou gh fo r do zens of otherjobs.

The streamlined R a ymond 'L oewydesign, in addition to improving thelathe's over-all appearance, has pro­vided a number of practical advan­t ages including a modern mottledgray stain-proof finish and stream­lined pull ey drive guard for addeds afety a nd neatness.

The n ew lathe al so incorporates

Now You Can EarnExtra Money in Your SpareTime with CASTOGLAS

In Your Own Home WorkshopNew Liquid Plastic-Fiberglass ProcessOpens Up Big Opportunities.f...you like to work wi th new id eas and m at eri a ls . a nd if yo u ca n

use some extra cash . . . you ' ll be interested in " H ow T o EarnExt ra M oney in Y our Spare T im e." This new handbook s hows youI wha t ot hers ha ve do ne, how th ey got s ta rted, what t hey make . T ell,how one m an earned 51800. 00 net profit in 6 weeks in his hom eshop and how yo u ca n d o the sa me .

Illustrated Directions Show You How to embed rea l flowers . brill iant fa ll leaves .bu tt erfl ies . sea she lls , coins , ph otos in clea r liquid p la s tic 10 m a ke novelti es .adver t is ing s pecialt ies and ot her fast-se lling items . How to la m in a te tr ans­lu cen t g las.'i panels wi t h em bed me n ts o f unusua l fabrics . gr asses . fen th e rsand other in te resting material s . How to use th ese panels fo r r OO Dl d iv ide rsa nd scree ns . o r fine lamps , bowls a n d trays. Also shows a new wa y ofcasting ti les a nel m osa ics th at is Really New and Different.

No Equipment Is Requ ired because neither heat nor p ress ure are need ed . ..jus t small hand o r power tools . T h is proces s is m a de to ord~r for th~ sm a lle roperator wit h a garage or bas em ent shop . T he same ba sIC. m a terial s usedfo r lamina t ing decorat ive g lass pa ne ls a re a lso used fo r rep ai r work . If yo uare in t he right loca ti on , fo r exa m ple. you m ay find yo u r hig opportuni ty" glassing" boat hu lls . tanks . pool s or de velop a specia lized. h ighly pr ofit­ab le ind ustrial m ai nten ance busin~.

You ca n co st your own mo saics in on inf inite variety of colors , sh a pes .sizes and you can do it without previous experience. Co stog la s setshard within 30 minutes at room temperature.

" How to Laminate Glass Pa nels with Ca stoglas"illu strates the fascinat in g a rt of crea ting decora­tive panels of your own de sign.

Embedd ing natural gr a sse s, seahorses, star­fi sh and shells in th is g la ss -clear paperweightcon tinues to be as popular a s ever.

Key tags make fi ne gift project s , inex pe nsi veand easy to do. Brilliantly colored fall leavesare pe rmanently embedd ed in Co stoglas.

Address ·..··..· ··· ·..··..·· ·· ·..··..· · ..

Name - .

City .... (p iease pr iiii"pla inly) .... z(~~..c : ci .~t.~~~ ·p·li;a·sei..··..· ......·

~-------------------------------------------------_.

THREE WAYS TO GET STARTED1. Order " H ow To Earn Extra M oney In Yo ur Spa re Time. " This hook let is illust rat ed withover 100 photographs a nd gives yo u a comple te o ver-all view of th e entire Casto ti te prog ra m ,Se nd 25c to co ve r m a iling and handling .2. Order T he CAST O L ITER P ro ject Series , a se t o f m an ua ls g iving co m ple te illus trated di rec ­t ions for m a king ma n y ite ms . Lea rn (or yo urse lf how easil y yo u ca n adapt many o f t hese p ro ] ­eets to yo ur own personal requiremen ts a nd c ircumsta nces. T he price o f 81.00 for the se t in ­c lud es a co py o f " H ow To Earn Ext ra Money In Yo ur Spa re Time " a t no extra ch a rge . Thepu rc hase of thi s va luable set a lso enfit les yo u to severa l new proj ec t m anua ls no w in prepara t ion.3. O rd e r the s pec ia l Co m mercial Craft Kit if you prefer to get s tarted witho ut furt her d e la y .This kit conta ins Castog la s and Harde ne r . 5 differen t co lors . Iibe m less mat and fa hri cs , variousfille rs , spoons . droppers. m ixing cu ps . e tc . A lso enoug-h clea r Castolite to po ur 24 kev ta gs a nd24 pai r earring' ca sti ng'S or seve ra l paperweig hts and ai rni la r item s . The col n r 1ete C AS T O T.l TRRSeries a nd " How To Ea rn Ex tra Money In Yo ur Spare T im e " are inc ludee wit h Ihe kit. wh ichis priced a t $10 .00 . pos tp aid . Write to :

Commercial Crafts Divis ion, Dept. C-9THE CASTOLITE COMPANY Woodstock, Illinois1---------------------------------------------------The Castolile Co., Commercial Crafts mv., Dept. c-s

Woodstock, Illinoiso Enclosed is 25c for one copy of " How To Earn Extr a Money

In Your Spare Time."o Enclosed is $1.00 for one se t of the CASTOLITER Proj ect

Se ries .o Enclo sed Is $10.00 for th e specia l Commercial Craft Kit ,

Cat. No. CG-5. This kit inc ludes the Project Se ries and " HowTo Ear n Ext ra Money In Your Spar e Time " a nd is ma iled ppd .

Mosaic inla y in shades of b lue -g ree n odds dis ­t inction to this walnut tab le .

Seventh gr a d e stud e nts a re pouring colo rf ul tiletrays a nd coas t e rs w it h liquid Ca s tog la s .

MARCH ·APRIl , 1 9 5 8 » 5

.-- MAII~ ORDER--OPPORTUNITY

EXC ITING hom e bus ine ss or offi ce side line. Mallorde r executi ve will show you how to net la rgeprofits with no investment in merc han dise or an­vertising reouired. Experie nce n ot n e c e s sa r y .Proven practical. fully eXDI"ined in FREE e M fl.dential letter. Write: IMPACT! INC., Dept. 18·4,340 7 Prospect Avenue. Cleveland 15, Ohio.

Getinto aprofitable businesswithoutspend inglei Rush postcard for powerfulfREESales nut ­fit that makes it easyta lake orders for Mason'sfast-selling line . Including warm insulatedJackets. Boots, featuring Air·Cushion inner­soles-over 190 dress, sport Ind work stylesfor men, women! Friends, people where youwork, buy fest-payyou big profits.Just 2cem­bination shoe-j acket sales I day pay you up to$660 monthly EXTRA CASH! Folk. mu. t buyfrom you-Mason products never sold bystorestSta,t now! Rushpostcard for FREE Outfit!

MAS 0NShoe Mfg. Co. Dept. A·216~ Chlppewe Falls. Wis.

IMPERIALRAPID

BRUSH CLEANER

BOOK MANUSCRIPTSCONSIDERED

by coop erative pub lis he r who offers aut hors earlypublicat ion, higher royally , nati onal distribution,and beautifully designed books . All subject s wei·corned. Write , or send your MS directly.

GREENWICH BOOK PUBLISHERS, INC.Attn.: Mr. Holland 489 Filth Ave., N. Y. C.

Print At HomeCa rds , Stat ione ry. Ad ver-tisi ng ,

lrn:~~·~~~~~i:;:r;ri~~~~rnk~a:~:g'ra vin g', t oo . Save money . Printfor Others. Good Prof it. Have ahome print . h o p.Sol d di r ect fromfactorf o n ly . P a Y8 {or iu elf in ashort time . J un ior press $1~ ; Sen\or$29 up. Easy rules se n t . W e supply

r:;-:l~~nt~is~~~eal{de::ii:. cata-KELSEY PRESSES. E-95. Meriden. Conn.

Just dip any hard-caked brush inIMPERIAL Rapid Brush Cleaner.Paint starts to dissolve instantly. Nolong soaking needed. Brush can beused immediately after cleaning.

Leaves brushes with their originalspring and liveliness - never flabby,Used liquid can be saved for futureuse.

At pa int and hardware stores.

Write for free leaflet on"Care of Paint Brushes."

Send 25¢ for illus t rate d Manua l on Refinish ing

WILSON·IMPERIAL COMPANY124 Chest nut St. , Newar k 5, N. J.

all the time-tested Delta lathe fea­tures including: indexing mechanismbuilt into head stock, graduated tail­stock for precision drilling a nd scien­tifically ribbed bed to prevent dis­tortion .

A com p l e t e line of accessoriesavailable with the tool allows the hob­byist to use the lathe for drum anddisc sanding , buffing, brushing, pol­ishing , horizontal drilling and otherspecial operations .

For further in formation write DeltaP ower Too l Division, Rockwell Man­ufacturing Company, 473 N . Lexing­ton Ave., Pittsburgh 8, Pennsylvania .

Venetian Blind CleaningAttachment

A UNIQUE cleaner a ttachment des ignedto m a k e d u s t in g venetian bl indseasier a nd faster is now availablefrom the W & W Manufacturing Com­pany .

Called " V-Vac, " the handy deviceis constr ucted of durable, attractivepl a s t ic a nd slips quickly over thehose of a lmost any popular vacuumcleaner without special adaptors . Ado ub le set of dusters runs over andunder each slat of the venetian blindat the same time, thus cu tting workin half .

The dus t er s are made with soft,d eep pile fabric of Dynel , Union Ca r­·b ide Corporation's acrylic fiber . Dustis r em oved and drawn right downth e hose without scattering . The needfor soap and water or dusty r a gs iseliminated and the cleaning is donewithout a ny possibility of tot t e r ingatop a chair or stool.

According to W & W, the Dynel pilefabric has proved to be most effi­cient for removing every trace ofdu st. Ge ntl y fluffy, it can not scratchpaint but has enough body to do athor ough cleaning job.

Th e unit retails for $3 .70, pos tpa id ,and if a special adapto r is requiredon a pa r t icula r machine , W & W willde liver one free of charge. New setsof four duster s come in a speciald r y ing rack for $1.29 postpaid. Or­der s for th e V-Va c attachment or in ­formation on where it is sol d in spe­cial areas m a y be directed to W & WManufacturing Company, 707 Ma inStr ee t , Gr andview , Missouri.

YOU 'RE IN BUSiNESS RIGHT OFF_ P r actl 4

cal co u rse , co mple te u pholsterer ' s t ool s.m ater ia ls. fr a m e s. a ll you need t o e arn in6paretime while yo u lear n AT HOME . Ex­pe rt N . Y . State -a p p r oved t r a in in g in UP­h ol s t e ry . s Up covers . e tc . Big OpportunityF ield . Send for FREE Illustr a t ed Ca ta loga nd F R E E Sam p le t .o a son . wr- it e T oda y .

APprov ed for V ete r an s .Upholstery Trod es Sch. , D.pt . GC·17S ·12, 721 S'way, N. Y. 3, N.Y.

LAPIDARY AND JEWELERS SUPPLIESSILVER SUPPLIES-RING MOUNTINGSNEW 1958 CATALOC READY, includes listingslap idar y sup p lies , jewelry findiogs, ring mountings,synthetics. cut gems 40c up , earr ing mountin gs.pe ndant mounti ngs. bracelet m o untin gs . rough gemsand ma ny other items . Send 5Oc for catalog . •Ou, Ol fice 4"d Show Room Op en, Mo"d4Y Ih,o"llb

S4IU, d4Y, f, om 1:00 10 6:00 P.M.

TECHNICRAFT LAPIDARIES CORPORATION5560 Broadway Dept. A New York 31. N. Y.

CABINETMAKING

1\,.'~ Low Cost Home Craftf" :/ . Course Now Available-' .: Make m oney. B ecome a skil led

__~ w oodworker. Inters t ate's n e w~ w oodworking co u r se t el ls an dsh ows ho w t o turn ou t hundred s of professionallyconst ruct ed a nd finish ed wood projects with h andand po we r t ools . T wenty-two prof u sely ill u st ratedmanuals. Over 1,000 pages. Over 75 p ro jects.

W ritten by expert in structors . Theonly complete course a vailable t o­dayl Get full information without

~~

SCHOOL OF WOODWORKINGD~PT. F-7. PORTLAND 13, OR~GON

OWN a NationallyAdvertised Business

We'll show you how to .earn $8 ,750 PROFIT

the first yea r onjust 2 jobs a day.

Enioy the pres t ige and fin an­cia l Indepen de nce of yo u rO\VN busi n ess. You will belocally t rained to h elp you getQukkly es tn blls he d. By em ­p]ol'in~ ot hers, yo u :\I UVfl -

..... ~ , PI~Y profi ts . You heeome an• _~_,......~ expert in the ca re of ruga and

upholst er y. R t art pa rt - ti mefr om h orne. \Ve pr ovid e 25 reg­u la r be nefi t s. National Adv er ­

ti sin g, local promoti on a l ma teria ls . andma ny ot hers. P erm anen t staff workwit h ro u on any phase of you r bu siness.

5 W ays t o Make Money .A Du raelean Deal er shi p qu a lffi es :\,0 \1 to o f r~r 5 d trr er ­en t services . 'r hu s on ma n y jobs you multlpl? profi t s.I. Duraclea n : Uniq ue ABSOR PTI ON pr ocess for clean ­inJ:' rux s, ca rpet s . uph olstery. Recommended.. by l e a <;iin.~stores and manutact urers . ]'\; 0 scrubhinx , soa ktng . s} ~rmkace . Aera ted foam saf ety removes d lr-t.. j!r.ea~e, un.sl ~htlYspot s. .n rtes so fast customers use Iurni shtn gs In fewhours. 2 Durashield: Soil ·retarding t rea tm ent th a tKEEP S r;lrnishi np:s clea n )'lO~TIIS lon ger . Yo u m ay b~th e fir st in town to offer thi s type servree. 3. nurap roof :P rotects aua lnst dam age hy moth s. ca rpet .hee tles . ~n lYsuch t rea tm en t hack ed hy an I n tern ntt onal a-rearWarr an ty ! 4. Oura , ua r d : p'Iame- proof lng treatmentwhic h re dll('es fire damage by ret a rrflng tendency offi res to fl am e up. Theaters . r estau ra nt s , hot el s, home soffer hu ge poten t.lal , 5. g noteratt : Specia l che mtca l prod ­ucts ennble you to h andle most all spot or sta m inaprobl ems. Mean s extr a bu sin ess. gre a ter custom er satis ­fa cti on , an d a dde d presti ge as pr ofession al ern tt sman.We furni sh enough material s to ret ur n vo ur ,T OT ALI ~VE~'r)n:;XT. w e he lp r tnance reli ahl e me n . w r t te forFREE booklet s and full d et ails while t er ritor y I S evan­a ble.

I T ~fTI"~f!R."" ~~'IIII""DURACLEAN COMPANY I8-564 Duraclean Bldg., Deerfield , III. IPlea se rush free bookle ts w ith fu ll detai ls Iof how I may own a nat ion a lly- ad ver t ised Ibu siness .

I Name ··· ··· ··· ··· ·· · ······· · ·· ·· ·••••••••_•••..•• \

l~~·=~:~~:~~:~:~;!;;:;~:~~:~=.l

6 « WORKBENCH

T ype P P u m p h as 1,001 u s e s. Up t o 300 0GPH; 450 GPH 80 ' h igh: o r 1 8 0 0 GPH from2!', ' we ll . Us e 1 / 6 t o 3/ 4 liP m oto r . Coup tuur

fnc tudert fr ee . I " In le t ; 3/4 " o u tlet. Stain le s sshaft . Wo n ' t ru st o r c toe t . . $1.9S

H ea vy Du ty Ball -Be a ring Pum p . Up t o 7. 5 0 0GPJ-I. 1 1/4" in let, 1 " o u t le t .. __ $12.95

P o s t pa id if cash w it h o rd e r . Als o o t her et e es ,type s. MON E Y BACK G UARANTEE

LABAWCO PUMPS, Bell e Mead 42, New Jersey

<flJou Can Carve

~ REDBIRD No. 106 Shown•~ BLUEBIRD No. 107..•~ ~,:~~~;~~~g~

BERNARD BLAKE, Rt. 1. Box 89A. Punta Gorda, Fla.

~~~ <l/r()~tf)~f)(!J~ATTENTIONII you m a ke je w elry for Ple a sure or Re saleusing Metal Findings , Rhin est one s. Moonstone s .Copper. Ceramics . Cork. Ar tifi cial Flowers . orCut Your Own Stones - QUI Low Prices andLarge 84 p age Ca ta log is just what y ou n eed.Whol esale and Retail. Send 25c to NA TI ONALART CRA FT CO.. Dept. W. 10604 Euclid Avenue,Cleveland. O h io .

World's Largest Selection ofFinest Domestic and Imported

132PAGES Woods ,Mo uidings ,Ha rdwareTool s- Al l AT l OW MONEYSAVING PRICES!

Your complete wood buyingguide and project book. Crafts­man is your b est. m ost com­plete sou rce of finest k iln-dr -ieddomestic and rare importedwoods, beautiful wood in la ys ,colorful bandings, m atchedplywood s, -embosaed mould-

~~r~:Od;~~ki~r:ra~r~SI4h~~cito find" cabine t hardware andfitt in g s . .. m or e th an 1.500 items!Packed wit h new est s c roHsaw pa t ­t erns , project id e a s a nd m one y

~~~~:lihn%'r:i~~~::)~h(~i~pay m atling, handling co st. W rite

CRAnSMAN WD DSERVICE CO.,2729S.MarySI.,DepI.L.3 Chicago8

rcRAFrS~NWOODSERViCECo:-----'I 2729 S. Mary se., Dept. L·3, Chi cag o 8 , 111. II ~~1FT~~l~25wgofDng~~XL~~.order)- Ru sh menew II II NAME_________ II ADDRESS______________________________ Iw:.I~~_-.;;;. ~-~.~o~-~~~;;;~-~

~~..~t;~9Jzirill~t~~asrf~Pp~~iu~~. h~~hr~gD~~~~Anhna ls , Birds . Novelties a n d m a n y o therp op u lar Items . Eas y to make and s e l l. a ust

• tra c e. cut o u t an d p ain t. Se n d :5 t .00 t mhtvfor the LA WN ORNAMENT PA Cl{ET con tn tn­In~ a ll 9 0 patterns .

MASTER CRA FT PLANS , Dep t . 3 281 041 O lc o tt A v enue C h ic a g o 31 . Il l in o is

Free toWRITERSseeking a book publishe r

Two fact-fitled, illustrated brochures tell howto p ublish your boo k, get 40% royalties, na­tional advert is ing, publicity and promotion.Free editorial appraisal. Write D ep t . W 3

Exposition Press / 386 4th Av e ., N.Y, 16

MARC H ·A P R l l , 19 58 » 7

THIS NEWLY introduced low pricedshower door kit comes complete ,ready to install. Included with thetwo s hat t e r p roof he a v y plasticshower doors are top rail, bottomrail, two side rails , cement andscrews. Everything is ava ilable forthe do-it-yourself enthusiast to ac­complish the job in a few minutes .An additional feature allows the doorsto be removed quickly and easily topermit washing children in tu b andcleaning of tub. The com ple t e kitretails for $19.95 and is m anufacturedby Home Products, Inc. , 1100 S . Cen­tral Park Ave ., Chicago 24, Illinois.

Grooves To Hold Shelves

Shower Door Kit

CALLED ZIP CLIP S, these channel-shapedsteel supports a re installed in a jiffywithout n ails or screws . F'our prongson back are simply ha m m ered intoplace . Zip Cli p g r oov es 1% " lon g and5/16" d e ep ta k e up to 1/4" thick ply­w ood, hardboard , glass , heavy card­bo a rd, e tc. Ide al for d ivider supportsin kitchen , bureau and desk drawersor workshop bin compartments. Al sohold shel v es a nd win dow v ent ilator s .Zip Clips can also be us ed in m etal orplastic drawers and cabinets if %"thick w ood lining is added .

R etail P ri ce: 6 fo r 25 cents atle ading hardware , variety and dimestores or , if n ot available loc ally, 24for $1 (minimum ) , postpaid, frommanufacturer , A. D . Scott Industries,Inc ., D e pt. WB, 5447 N. Wayne Ave .,Chicago 40, Illinois .

C. KAMA

"I'M MAKINGMORE THAN

$1000aMonth'-------'

Pe ople 50 to 80COPY DOWN THIS NAMEAND ADDRESS NOW • •

Ea r n e x tra money at h o m e w eaving rugs,ca r pe ts , etc . from old rags or new ya rns. fo rpeo p le in your co m munity! No ex oeriencen e cessa r y . Thousan ds d o in g it w ith ea syrun n in g $89.50 U n io n L ooms . S end for ou rfr ee booklet today .

THE CA RLCRAFT CO .65 POST ST. BOO NVILLE, N. Y.

MAKING COSTUME JEWELRY AT HOMEThril li n g . s pa r e- ti m e. MONJ<~Y-MAKrXG

h obby! Ma ke n e w est. be a uti fu l jewel­ed e arr in g s . n e ck la c e s. brace le t s . pins ,pendnnta . cu ff li nks . t te c lips!Quick . easv to make -c-ea ater t os e ll to f r ie n d s . n eighbors . s tores .a t bi g profit! Details FREE!DON-BAR CO ., Dept. C-273511 W. Armitage Ave. , Chica go 47,

Illin ois

HAVEN'T TOUCHED BOTTOM YET!"-reports Ch a rl e s Kama , Texa s , on e o fm a ny w ho are " c le a n ing up" w ith ordersfor PRE STO. S cien c e's N ew M idg et M ir..Be l . F i re Extinguisher. So can YOU I

Am a zin g n ew kind of fir e ex ting uisher. Tin y" P rest o" do es job o f bulky ex ti ng uishe rs th atcoa t 4 ti m es as mu ch, a re 8 times as heavy.Ends fires fas t as 2 se conds . Nev er corrodes .Guaranteed for 20 y e ars! O ver 2 millions o ldl S ells fo r only $ 4.9 5 . ...

Show it t o civil de fense worker s , owner s ofhomes. cars, bo ats, f arms, etc . • a nd t o s t or es

for r e ..s ale-m ake good incom e . H . J. K err rep orts $20 a da y.Wm. WydalIi s $15.20 an hoor . FREE Sa les Kit . No obli g ati on .MERLITE INDUSTRIES, Dept. P·149FPRESTO DIV., 1 14 East 32 St., New York 16, N.Y.Canada : Mopa Co., Ltd.., 3 7 1 Dowd St. , Montreal 1, P.Q.

MAKE BIG MONEY

GOO D MONEY IN WEAVING

... and write t oday to find outhow yo u can still apply for a$1,000 life in surance policy to helptake care of final expenses with­out bur de ning your family , Maila postcar d or letter, giving yourname, a dd ress and age to :

Old Ame r ica n Ins. Co.1 Wes t Dth, Dept. L306MKansas City, Missouri

There is no obligation-and noone will call on you. You canhandle the entire transaction bymail.

F or an tn teresttua and Pro fitab le H ohbv .m ak e an d se ll .lIg- Sawe d T o y s , Nove l­t ie s . and Ornam ents .T o acc u a tn t vou w ith our many .Tlt! Sa wp atter-ns . we will send vo u 130 OFOUR MOST POPULAR FULL SiZE PAT­TERNS , w ith ea s v t o (ollo w Ins t ructions(o r ONLY $1 .00 POSTPAID .

S . LYNDS - PATTERNS110 Pa r k A v e . N at i c k, M anach us eth

JEWELRYCRAFTERS SUPPLIES- WHOLESALE -

Earring Screwbacks (s rn .. med., Ige . ) . goldeno r Silvered gross $1.40. Drop sc r e w backsg ross $1.60. Clip e arbacks $2.00 gros s. Piercedwire t y pe roll e d gold d ozen 45c. Al so Pin­backs -Ch a ins -Beads -Gift B oxes -Key ­ch a ins-Perfume a tomiz e rs, etc. Send 20c forillustrated literature (s tamps a ccep ted ) re­f u n da b le .MYLES Box 176-WI New York 8, N. Y.

the craft and home bookshelf·R eviews By Theodore M. O'Leary

Woodshop Tool Maintenanceby Beryl M. Cunningham and William F. Holtrop295 pages; illus t ra te d ; Charles A. Bennett Co .,Peori a, Illino is; $7.

WHILE A great deal has been writtenon how to use both hand and powerwoods hop equipment, not much hasbeen put into book form on the im­portant subject of maintaining thatequipment in go od op erating condi­tion. To fill this void two industrialarts t eachers at the college levelhave written "Woodshop Tool Mainte­nance ," a big infor m a t ion crammedvolume that can truly be called apioneer work.

Maintenance of woodshop equip­m ent, in the words of the authors,incl udes the proper adjustment andca r e of tools, reconditioning a n dsharpening of cutting edges , r epla ce­m ent of tools and parts , periodicallubrication, the repair of worn p artsand the installation of n ew equip­ment. The a u tho rs believe that re­gardless of the go od quality of yourequipment, you can no t obta in go odperformance unless you become fa ­miliar with it s co ns t r u c t ion and canmake the n ecess ary adjustments . Inaddition to im pair in g effici ency,poorly a d jus ted equ ipmen t can alsocause a ccidents .

"Anyone who is capable of learningto perfor m the operations for whichthe eq uipment is built , c an just aseasily learn to maintain it ," the a uth­ors assert. They grant that the b egin­ner in wo odwor k may not be able toa ppreci a te some of the proceduresand techniques which they give , butas h e acquires more sk ill in the useof the to ol, h e will find that h e willalso reach a greater understandingof the processes involved in itsmaintenance.

More than 400 illustrations are in­cluded in this vo lu m e . Many of themwere created especially for it a nds how com ple te ly new t echniquesw hich w er e wo r ked out by the auth­ors to perform jobs for which noestablished proc edure se em ed toex is t. As an example, there seem edto be no procedure for gumming c ir­cular saws that would give a u ni for mspacin g of the teeth . The a u thorsdeveloped such a procedure a nd itis illustrated he r e for the f irst time .The s am e was true of a ser ies ofphotographs occupying seven p a gesand showing h ow to fo ld b and sawblades.

PART ONE of "Wood shop Tool M ain­tenance" deals with hand tool!' andinclu des cha nter s on tools u sed fo r

B « W ORK BEN C H

sharpening, maintaining the cuttingedge of tools, m aintaining handpl anes , ch isels and gouges , woodscrapers , handsaws , w ood bits andsuch miscellaneou s tools a s hammers,scr ewd r iv ers, drawknives, spoke­shave cutter s, scissors a nd shears ,squares , clamps, dividers and vises.

P art two con cerns it self with ma­chine tools-the va r ious power saws,lathes, jointer s , hollow chisel mor­ti sers, single pl anes or surfacers ,sanding machines a nd shapers. Sep­arate ch a pt ers a r e also devoted toelectric motors , V belts and the lub­rication of machines .

The advantages of having betweenon e set of book covers , vast quan­tities of inform ation which hithertohave been scatter ed through manyvolumes, periodicals and pamphlets ,etc ., are obvious. Adding to the valueof the book , of course, are the newt echniques devel oped a n d illustratedby the a u tho rs a nd the fa ct thaty ea r s of experience in the tea chingfield enable th em to co nvey informa­tion clea rl y and without t aking forg ranted too m uch prior knowledge onthe part of the reader . This is thesor t of a bo ok that is v ir tually cer­tain to pay for itself many times overin bette r tool performance and longertool life .

Chip Carvingby Harri s W. Moore46 pages; illu str at ed ; Charles A. Benne tt Co.,Peor ia, Illinois; pa perbound, $1 .15 .

CHIP CARVING is one of the m ost primi­tive of a r ts but on e which s t ill todaygives the artistically in clined wood­craftsman a chanc e to express him­self . It con s is ts of m aking angularincisions to en rich a n otherwise plainwood surfa c e.

Primitiv e South P acific islanders ,Harris W. Moore tells us , executedbeautiful des igns on ceremonial ob ­jects, u si n g a bit of shell or a sha rk' stooth a s a cutt ing tool. Much later inSweden in th e 17th a nd 18t h centur iesth is s tyle of carving w a s w idely a p­pl ied to h ousehold furni ture and im­plements . A r ude knife . made fro ma n old sword or scythe, was of ten theonly tool u sed.

F or the contemporary chip carverMr. Moore recommends the use of achip carving knife, a wood carver'sveining tool , a parti ng tool. a skewchisel and a carver's gouge. the latterp a r t icularly useful in stabbing flowerfo rm rosettes. All the cutting toolssho ul d be h on ed to a k een perfectedge, as yo u sim ply can't a t ta in goo d

results with a dull tool.Mr. Moore offers instruction s in

the actual chip carving technique a swell as advice on the s elec t ion ofwood and its finishing. The remainderof his bo ok is devot ed to a se r iesof actual size designs for the decora­tion of articles which lend them­selves particularly well to chip carv­ing. They include such things as aglove box, a checkerboard, a pin .tray , card case, blotter, pipe rack,handkerchief box, picture fr a m e ,wastebasket, paper knives , gameboards, whisk broom holder, ea selfor holding photographs or postcards,a toothpick holder and a black ma­hogany sewing box cabinet, madeand carved by Mr. Moore, a photo­graph of which is included.

Course in Mosaic Makingby Jo seph L. Young60 pag es ; illustrated ; Reinhold Publishing Corp.,New York City; $3.50.

ALTHO UGH THE art and craft of mak­in g m os a ic s is thousands of yearsold, it is just now enjoying a popularvogue in this country a mon g h omecr a ftsmen. Professional a r t is ts a ndcraftsmen h a v e been r espon sible forthe great proportion of the m os aicwork in America. But now makingmosaics has become a definite partof the do-it-yourself movement, J 0 ­

seph L. Young points out in "Coursein Mosaic Making ."

"Perhaps," wri tes Mr. Young , "theart once made by slaves for kings ,and once used by the Church fo r thepeople, will now bec ome one of thetrue arts of the people ." He goes onto say that a lmos t a nybo dy ca n do acreditable m osaic if he devotes ar easonable amount of t ime to learn­ing the craft. Do-it-yourself mosaickits are now becoming increasinglyavailable. These have both their ad­vanta ges and their d isadvanta g es ,Mr. Young points ou t, and he offerssuggestions on ho w the di sadv an­t a ges may be ov ercome.

F or the benefit of beginne r s, Mr.Young explain s just what too ls andma ter ia ls are necess a ry for m ak in gm osaics , in cluding the variou s typesof tes serae (small pi eces of mar ble,g lass, s tone, e tc., w hich , pl a c ed to­gether, make u p the mosaic). H e a lsolists so u rces of these tools a nd mate­rials. To ge t started , he suggeststhat yo u make a sma ll t ri vet inmosaic or cover a n un gl a zed ash tray.Th en h e tells you how to make am os aic coffee table by a dher ing thet essera e to a plywood bas e , us ing

CHAIR CANESAVE YOUR VALUABLE CHAIRSEasy to do yourself . G e n u i ncStrand Ca ne. w oven Can e w eb­hin ~ for Chairs with Groove. As hSplin t s. I'~l a ~j:t H u sh . Catnlog Dime.In st j-uet ton s 25c . Com plete Sealw e a v t n s R o ok. $1. 15. Harris .B a sket R eed . Ba sket ry B ook. 75c.

'1'0 be subcont rac to rs . Cast pl ast ic pr oduct sfor m an ufact u rers in Our Cleartna H ouseServi ce. T h ou san d s of easl ly -m a d e it em srequ ired . Ca sh in at h ome. without pre­viou s expe rie nce. Ret yo ur 0 w n II 0 u r s .wrue to day for FREE li st of 100 mo stwanted it ems.

PLASTIC SERVICE ASSOCIATESDept. WB·3 East Boston 28, Mass.

POSITIVELY NOSELLING!I mad e $20 ,000 in one year without se ll­ing a thing--door to d oor , over thecoun ter, by m ail,or a ny other wa y . A ll

I did wa s buy up j u nk j e wel ry. Then U nc le Sam ­paid m e $35.00 a n ounce for the gold in it, less aama ll handling and refin in g char ge. Send m e yourna me and address a nd I'll show you how it'a done.I c laim th ere n ev er was a m o re interesting way t o m ak emoney. Postt tvelz no selling because the U . S. Governmen t iseager to buy a ll t he old gold you turn in - at th~ establis hedpr ice. Just follow my plan and you can find junk jew el r y tobuy in any communi ty-large or s mall. 1 show yo u where t ofind it , wha t topay fo r it. how t o test it a nd how t o mail it t oUn cl e Sam fo r immediate cash. I' ll teach yo u t he secre ts bywh ic h I made $20.000 in a year with absolutely no se lli ng. N ocharge for fac ts. No s ales m an will call . Send no money-jus tna me , address on po stca rd .Write now to: LESLIE PATTON,335 West Madison Street, Dept. 20-E, Chicago 6, III.

FOGARTY CANER, Dept. 3 , Troy, N . Y.

MARCH -APRIL , 1958 » 9•

My ~ki;.~eave Meth:d reweavesa_bur ns , tears . moth holes in s u i t s , BEfO" ,..f1E"

~~:;s:~eo~,~:s{i~~~-;:fbf:r:~~~t eet. Exclusiv e n ew d ev ic e-theVisual- Weaver-which prepares youQuickly, makes lea r ning easy.Profits Upto $5foran Hour'sWorkUp to $5 for an hour' s work is pes-

~:~: ,a;i~h~~' Oe:~~h~:s~~ee~~efnus~for materials . Hig e p roftt o rdersshould come fr om hom es. cleaner s,dept. s to res . My Co u rse ex p la inshow. Tells you how to ope ra te a ny­where-in city. town or on a farm .No experience ne ed ed -no ed uca t iona l r e­qui r ements : merely good ey es ight, patienc e and desire to learn.

EVERYTHING SENT AT OUR RISKUnusual opportunity to prepare now fo r thi s f ascina tinghighly paid. little k now n profession . Cle a rly illustrated step'­by-step Course of In struction , complete Equipment and Bkil ­Weave g- Pcint Plan for Financial Ind ep enden ce mav be ex­a mined at hom e without ri sk . In sp ect cours e and eq u ip me n tfor 5 fu ll days, then decide after talking it over with familyand f riends. W R IT E TODAY for FREE details. Act Now !SKIL-WEAVE,335 W.Madison St ••Dept. 53, Chicago6 ,1II.r~~~U"C~~~~~~-----~1l 335 W . Madison se., Chicago 6, III.

Please arve me tull detail s o n how I can b e com e a r eweaver and II make extra money at home . I understand tha t all In t o r ma ti o n ia

tree , the re Is no o bt hra tl o n and no lIalesman will call . I

l~l~~~~~~-~-~~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~~~~~-~~-~~~~~;~~~~~-~~J

Make $5 an Hour CASH PROFITTHE DAY YOU START!Start your own busi­ness at Harne • '•• •Sharpen Household,Garden and ShopTools in Spare Time.

Turn spare time into Big Cash Profits with new BelsawSharp-All. No experience needed to sharpen knives, sets­so rs, sheaIS, ice ska tes, mower blades, hedge trimmers,axes , chisels and circular saws . . . Learn how easily youcan sta rt your own spare time business. Amazing low costeasy-payment plan. Send Postcard for FREE BOOK.BELSAW SHARP-ALL CO 750BFie ld Bld2., Kansas City II, Mil.

the so-called direct method. He a lsotells you how to make a coffee tableby the indirect method, in which themosaic design is laid on h ea vy pa ­per, then transferred to the surfaceof the table. Then follow detailed in ­str uc t ions for making a wall panel.

Doing a cartoon in mosaic andexecuting and installing a m ural areother p r ojects offered by Mr. Young.He suggests many other us es formosaics in the home-on fireplaces,in m urals, as flooring , on lamp bases,but most of the examples he offersseem rather far beyond the rangeof the begi nner . They suggest, how­ever ; goals for which the beginnermay str ive, as do the several photo­graphs of the mosaic work of suchoutstandi ng pr ofess ional mosaic a r t­ists as Gino S e v e ri n i and J uanO'Gorma n .

Recei vi ng Ae rial System sb y I. A. Dav idson152 pages; illustrated ; Philosophical Libra ry,New York City; $4.75.

THIS BOOK on radio a nd televis iona erials is not a s imple how-to-d o-itm a nual but a searchin g inquiry in tothe t echnical p roblem s in volved inthe fu nct ion a nd use of aerials . Itsempha sis , however, is on home in­stallations a nd for the per son withan inqui r in g mind, who wants toknow just how a n aer ial works, whaton e type will do tha t another won' ta nd similar question s, here are thea nswers .

But thi s is in no sense merely atheoretical book. The person whoreads it a nd a bsor bs its contents willgain knowl edge which shou ld enab lehim to improve home radio or t el e­vision r ecept ion to the extent thatsuch r ecepti on is governed by thetype of aer ia l in us e, its metho d ofinstallation a nd si milar factors .

Mr . Da vidson explains the basicfa c tor s that go into a n id eal aeriala nd point s out th at most of t hem a r edependent on the frequency of thes ignal be ing r eceived . He gives someof the aspects of the d irectionalcharacteristics of aerials a nd howthey influence its perfor m a nc e. H ediscusses the electrical characteris ­t ics of the most wi dely us ed types ofaerials . He describes types of aerialsused for single channel and m ultiplechannel reception, r e s p e c t i v e l y ,stressing that when choosing a t el e­v ision aerial , local knowledge of re­ception conditions is the most usefulguide. He discusses the mechanicald es ign of aerials and tells you howto ins t a ll an a er ia l , stressing thatmany of the advantages of a well­des ign ed aerial will be lost if it isinstalled incorrectly. Finally he looksinto the future and suggests that astransmitters continue to increase inpower there will be a greater u se ofindoor aerials. The widespread useof ferrite rods for both in d oor a ndoutdoor aerials is an imminent d e­velopment which will enable rn uchsmaller aeria ls to be constructed,either in d oor s or outdoors.

... Swiss or AmericanUn ique Swea:z:ey Syste m startsyou making repai rs r ig ht aw ay .Deve lops your skill ste p· by-ste p.Teaches mod ern methods . . ,pro fes s ion al s hor t cub. Learn byper sonal atten dance or s pa re timehom e study. Fr ee Sample Lesson.No obligation. Wri te tod ay !

CHICAGO SCH. OF WATC HMAKI NGDe pt . 7 38

233 0 Milwaukee , Ch icago 47 , 111.

119 s~~ PATTERNS

Writ e tod ay for free facts about the newest ao.dm ost fa scinating of aJi new home operated bust­nee ses. For the first time. a simplified machine

brings the fabulou s profi ts ofPlastic S ealing and P lastic Lam­in atmg within the reach of th es ma ll operator . Anyone canle arn to op er ate it with a fewminutes practice . Th en-withour MAGIC MAIL PLAN-cang et mail or de rs pouring in dailywith ca s h in every envelope..

No Canvassing or SellingFill orders a t home in spare ti meto s ta r t . Then e x pa nd to fu lltime bu sin ess. We even supplycircular s to bring back cas hand ord er s . Ru sh name for allthe facts you need to st a r t . Apo stcard will do. No ch a rge .

WARNER ELECTRIC CO.1512 Jarvis, Dept. L6C, Chicago 26, Illinois

ONE MILLIONDOLLARS CASH

IN CONFEDERATE MONEY

Yours only $298

Be a d e ep south mill ionai r e ! Ha v e m o ney to b u r n lW e ' ll send )'o u exact ly o ne m i ll ion bu c ks in hon e sl­to- g o odn e s s Co n fe derate m o ney-and a ll y o u pay is5 2.9B! Y o u can d o ever y thing w i t h t h i s m o ney bu ts pe n d i t . A m aze and a m use your cotton- p lckin f

f ri ends . W i n b a r bets by t he b ar r e l ! L ight y ourciga rs a nd c ig a r e tte s w it h $ 1 0 .0 0 bills! Liv e it u p !It ' s a mil li on do ll a r s w o r t h 0' la ug hs a nd 'un­all f o r onl y $ 2.98.You g e t o ne m ill ion b ucks in $ 1 0 '5 . 5 2 0'5 , $50' 5,5100 's e tc . de nomi nat ions-en ough to keep you rfr ien ds laug hing and happy for months-This offer islimited. On ly $ 4 mill ion dollars to a cus tomer . Ours upp ly of th iS loot is limit ed- so rush your ord er .. .One Mi ll ion dollars only $ 2 .98 . Fo ur Mil lio n do llarsonly $ 1 0.0 0 . If not delight ed kee p $ 1 0 0 . 0 0 0 foryour tro uble and return t he rest of t he mone y for afull and prompt refund. Send to- B ES T VALUESCo.. Dep t. M·1 96. 403 Mar ket s t .• New ar k. N. J.

~---_.-----------------_._~

MAGIC MAIL PLANthat comes with this Little MachineCAN MAKE YOU $52.2 AN HOUR

PRECISION CUTAND MITERED

r;:'3'L ~"er AND NAIL'

&lID2 1 sizes in MODERN RAW OAK

- and WORMY CHESTNUT MOLDINGS• •• • • .for de to ils a nd prices

CHESAPEAKE PICTURE FRAME CO., Dept . WBP. 0 B'o . 533 Boltimore 3, Ma rylond

ONLY . . • All fl ne pla stic. washab le. Th ese arefa ces on ly . not kite Per Doz.~Per DoZ':'(only clown av ail able Sin gle Lots cta ll kit . see above ). s tee Doz. 3 poe.

Smiling Clown 2J/4 " x 3 .. $ 1 .80 $ 1.50swee the a rt. Doll 2 1/4 "x3 .. 1.80 1 .50

_~E'kI~:~: :: : : : : : : : :::: : ~~:l3~:~UL_ULDescripti ve fold er : 10c (FREE with order) No C.O.D.· • .

'THRIFT MAll MART ~:~T").~':.Ml"s,.oN~"v~ · J

DOLLFACES

FULL-SIZE • • • trace on Iwood and sa w out . Clever,ORIGINAL designs, things Syou ca n make to SELL.Wall shelves, lawn signs,pl anters, book ends, others. postpaid

BURGESS VIBROCRAFTERS. INC.Rush $1 today . DEPT. C-37, Grayslake, Illinois

~-----------------._--_._--

r - for PLEASURE - for PROFIT "

'

S M I LI N G CLOWN':t~ 18" tall . Se w by h an d or machin e. anrl.;;. s ur rr, G a)' Pla ,SlIe fac e a lii! cu t mat e­

ria l s up plied: s i lk . r-ayon an d sati n Indi rreren t color s. No two doll s al tke,Sells lor $1.98.Your pr ice only $.80 ea. (3 or more)Single samp le clown 51.00---------- ------

..

PHOTOGRAPH I-The approxima te ca st of th isslender mod e rn la mp is only $7 .49 if yo u bu ildit yours e lf. Its base is 0 cok e tin .

10 « WORKBENCH

A Lampthat shines three ways

RONALD L. ANDERSON

With its three swivel shades, this modern "t ree"lamp enables you to direct light whereveryou want it.

THIS MODERN floor lamp (Photograph 1) uses three" bull e t " shades ready-made from Fiberglas that swivelto put the ligh t w here yo u want it. And it's ideal for thesmall house or apartmen t because it 's scaled downto fi t .

The base is nothing more than a 9" sta inless steelcake tin reinforced with a hardboard d isc on the inside.T he " trunk" of this "tree la m p " is a 46" length of 1/2"diameter thin wall electrical cond u it available from anyhardware store, while the swive l fittings are standardlamp p a r ts which are mounted in hol es drilJ ed in thecond uit. You can buy the attractive molded plasticbu llet lamp shades for a bo u t $1 each . Metal shadesof the same shape could be used but th ey tend to gethot when the lights are on .

First step is to drill a % " hole in the bottom of thec a ke tin. Cut a disc from hardboard that w ill lit inside­a bout a n 8" di s c for a 9" pan-and drill a % " hole inthe center of it, too .

To mount the conduit on the cake t in you 'll need as t a nda r d %" junction box co nnector of th e " c r im p"type (Photograph 2) . The s pec ia l crimpi ng tool requiredcan be rented for a qua rter or two from th e hardwares to re where you get the fittings.

Inse r t the conn ec tor in the cake tin . throu g h th ehardboard d isc and tighten the lock nu t on th e bo ttom .Dr ill fo ur small ho les in the cake t in botto m , throughthe h a rd boa rd a nd-using small a lumin um r ive ts­fasten the two together . This se r v es to " b eef up" thebottom of the cake t in and prevents wobbling.

Total: $7.49

PHOTOGRAPH 2-Base for the lamp is a 9" aluminum or stainless stee lcak e tin reinforced by an B" hardboard disc riveted to the insid e . Theconduit " trunk" of the tree lamp is mounted in a sta nd a rd " er imp" typejunction box filting in the center of the pan. Tool at left, which can berented from a hardware sto re, does the crimping.

Materials Needed:APPROXIMAT E COST

I42

NO . IT E M1 46" length Ih"

thin wall conduit $ .50 ($1.10 for 10' length)1 9" aluminum or stainless

cake tin . .393 Plastic bullet shades 3.001 Ih" "crimp" type junction

box connector for conduit. .152 Ih" "crimp" type

conduit couplings. .301 8" hardboard d is c (scrap).1 6" length of % "

dowel (scrap). .3 S ta nd a r d lamp swivel

fittings . . . .. 1.0525' Rubber or pl astic insulat ed

lamp cord. .753 B a keli te sockets (sw itch

on en d) . 1.05Plug . .15Aluminum rivets. .05Solderless co nnector sfor s plicing. .10

PHOTOGRAPH 3-Lamp is ass embled in sections a s shown here . Swivelfilt ing is fa sten ed thraugh hole drilled in conduit section at left witha lock nut on inside and long length of wire th readed th rough . Glassfiber shade is d rilled on side and fastened to swivel with a short pieceof VB" th readed pipe and a lock nut. Socket at right goes through holein top of sha de and al so is fastened with a lock nut.

N ext, cut the 46" le ngth of conduit in to th ree s ectionsto make it easier to secure the sw ivel fittings to theconduit with lock nuts on the inside. At this poin t thelamp cord should be threaded through each swivel, theswivel attached to its particular co nduit section, a ndthe lamp cord threaded d own through (Photograph 3) .

Allow enough cord from each bulb so that a ll threecan run all the way down to the base and be joinedthere . This takes more wi re, but making the splices a tthe base of the lamp is easier and safer than maki ngsplices inside the tubing. Then tighten the swivelfittings securely.

Next assemble the sections of the la m p , using stand­ard Ih" "crimp" type conduit couplings (Photograph 4),threading the wires down through as you go . Inside t hebase of the lamp, take one of the two wires from eachof the three cords and join them together. T hen t akethe remaining wire from each of the th r ee cords andjoin them together. This gives you two leads to whic hto connect a 10' l en g t h of la m p cord a nd a plug .

D r ill a 1f.l" hole in the side of the cake t in, in sert arubber grommet, and run the cord through, tying aknot on the inside f irs t (Phot ograph 5). The plug go eson la s t.

PHOTOGRAPH 4-This shows how " crimp" type conduit cou p ling is usedto rejoin the sections of the lamp after the swivel filting is in place.

PHOTOGRAPH 5-Bollom view of base of fini shed lamp shows wiri ng,lock nut on connector and al so hardboard disc rive ted in place tostr engthen lamp and prevent wobbling .

MARCH·APRIL, 1958 » 11

WOOD -PLUG-

T

-ASg-t;:MB LY ANDWIRIN G- OF L-AM"P

C1<IMP coNNECT012

CR IMP CONN£C:TOl<.

M JD D L-E'SteTION

--~~- --

I,"l-rt I ~-=~~

~-:­

-t-8

~.8

OVER-ALfV I£W

Of L-AM ?

30"

PHOTOGRAPH 6-Result of usin g "crimp" type cou plings is shown he re.With 0 coot of flot paint they a re hardly noticeable a nd do not detractfrom appearance of fi nishe d la mp. Hole ha s bee n dr ille d in side ofshade for allochi ng it to the swive l fill ing.

Incidentally solderless connectors of the screw-ontype provide an easy method of making goo d tightsplices in the base. Other wi se the splices must besoldered and taped .

Now come the shades. These come with a hole drilledin the top for a bakelite socket with a rot a r y switchon the end. D r ill an additional hole in the side of eachshade for attaching to the swivel fittings (Photograph 6).Attach the wires to the te r m ina ls on the sockets a ndfasten the sockets in the shades .

The to p piece is simply a 5/ 8" dowel trimmed to f itinside the conduit and tapered to a point (Photograph 7).Sand it well and seal the wood with shellac. Model air­plane cement or other adhesive can be us ed to hold itpermanently in pla c e.

Spray paint from a pr es surized can prov id es an easymethod of painting the completed la m p. A flat ena m el ,such as wrought iron black, gives the best finish. Besure to mask the shades and brass fittings first, however.

PHOTOGRAPH 7-last step is ta la oe r a d owel and ceme nt in placeat top e nd of conduit . Fla t spra y pai nl from pr essuri zed can provid esan attractive f ini sh.

12 « WORKBENCH

ALL TOO frequently in y our mode r nhome a small crisis devel ops whenUncle Matt a nd Aunt Millie or si sterSue with he r brood descends out ofthe blue or from Pinckneyvill e tospend a week end or a week. And thereason is usually lack of en oug h beds.Som ebody usually winds up on thefloor a nd that somebod y is usuallyfather.

An easy answer to this problemis possible because of the prevalenc ein today's homes of Hollywood-stylebe ds, which consist of a well-paddedbox spring and an inner springmattress . Tha t well-padded boxspring can serve as a comfortablebed itself and with the bed frameshown her e , a second equally com­fortable bed can be mad e with theinner spring mattress .

The dimensions shown on the d r aw­ing of the be d frame are flexib le a ndcan be adapted to a full-si ze bed , athree-quarter or a single. This on e isfor a thr ee-qua r t e r having a mattress39" x 74" . A slight overhang is a l­lowed to provide the full es t possibl esupport since th e mattress lies on topof the frame instead of within it.No te that the center support is 3fl"lower th an the outer frame so thatthe cross supports w ill rest flush withthe top of th e ou te r f r ame. Thefram es have the added a dvanta ge ofbeing easily stored, for th ey are only9" high and whe n s tood on end takeu p a very minimum of flo or s pace.Further , when fini shed with one ofthe m any wood sta ins available theyactually become a d ecora ti ve as wellas useful pi ece of furn iture .

Wood sizes shown a re actual al­thou gh if lumber must be bought.1" x 6" would be the size to specifyfor the outer frame. An yon e handywith a saw and hamm er can put oneof these frames tog ether in thre e orfour hours and it becom es time wellspent particularly if the man whomakes the frame is t he one whousua lly has to sleep on the floor.

MA RCH·AP RIL , 1 958 » 13

THIS easily constructed fram e plus a n inne r spring mattress makes a comfortable bed .

--~::~.,;.-

'":'---

~

O · ~ 0 /0r3i, 71".- --I-- ""'- I II k '{ I--

l....J11. xh

l....J

'----------7Z··-------------

/ 0/" :z,.....

ru - -- -- !- - L~f4..3~~ I" 3~'~3;;'

~5-k~- il ~%/x'!%/ ----{ ! j 3 75'2 1- • ~ . - -- - - -_ . ___ L

- - -- - - -- - - -.I " lL:

.0 IZ

I--- -t..

%/x:l x'l%"

h . -- -- - I

9"

HERE'S THE FRAME with the ma tt ress in place . Result -an inviting, mod e rn styled bed .

L

3

I ~

T

When too many people come to visit doyou end up sleeping on the floor? Here'ssomething you can do about it.

WEBSTER P. TAYLOR

from One

MakingTWO Beds

an

AddingInside Doorway

J. J. LIGHTERPHOTOGRAPH A- Comple ted doorway withfolding door.

If you're not a magician, the best way to go through a wall is toput a door in it. Here's how.

adapt the information to fit yourindividual problem.ONE OF the first considerations inbuilding the inside doorwa y is itsdesired loc a t ion . After the generallocation is determined certain thingsmust be determined for sure beforeexact location c a n be fixed . One ofthe limiting factors is the spacing ofthe studs. It is usually a great timeand work saver to take advantage ofat least one and possibly two of thestuds as they stand . By wall studswe mean the ver t ica l framework ofthe wall which is commonly con­structed of 2 x 4's spaced 16 incheson center a s shown in Figure 1.

When one stud is found the otherscan be located by m easurement be­cause of their s tandard pl acement.A stud can usually be loc ated bytapping at various places along thewall. There are various de vices onthe market for locating s tuds . Onetype is magnetic in na ture andmakes use of the fa ct that any nail­ing of the wallboard or lath will haveto be into the studs. Ordinarily , then ,when it points to a nail under thesurface of the wall it also points toa stud. Another type is nonmagnetica nd indicates a difference in the v i­bration it r eceives ba ck from th euser tapping on an area betweenstuds and the a r ea back ed up by as tud . Just a s tapping on the wallgives yo u either a holl ow or a sol idsound, so the energy picked up bythis device al so varies and it indi­cates this difference. Approximationsof stud location may be verified bydrilling small ho les to locate the ex­tremities of stud width .

The doorway should be located soas to bl end in harmoniously with ther est of the room . It should also belocated clear of any obstructions

THIS ARTICLE is for the information ofthe aver a ge home carpenter whohas never constructed a n inside door­way-but w ould like to. There aremany who shudder at the veryth ought of cutting through a wall­although they have a need for thedoorway-because the wall seems toinvolve som e vast mystery withwhich they feel unable to cope. Inmost cases this is an unfounded fear.

Most of you are familiar with theterm lath. Lath forms a foundationfor the plaster on the walls a nd ceil­ing. There are three main types oflath: metal , gypsum , a nd wood. Woodlath, which is in the form of str ipsapproximately 3fs inch thick by Phinches wide, antedates the us e of theother m ethods in pl astered houses.Alterations such as building door­ways and the like are more com­m onl y done in the older homes-inwhich the lath is probably wood,

Th e r eason for alterations in olderhomes is that ownership of the build­ing may have ch anged a nd the newowner may des ir e something differ­ent or simply the fact that the build­ing no longer suits it s inhabitants .This article will be based on the useof wood lath because it probably isthe ty pe with which most homecr a ftsm en undertaking this venturewill have to deal. If your home usesa different type of la th you canmodify the information to suit yo urown needs . This article also presup­poses the fact that the outcome is tobe a doo rway for maximum utility­durable but built with a minimum oftime and ex pens e. For this reasoncertain suggestions are made fromtime .to time that may not exactlysuit the needs of all readers. Thisarticle is no t intended to be so limit­ing, however, that you cannot easily

.,

ADDEDSTUDS

OOUBLi\HE""DiQ.~

WAL L STU D S

I-- 16---+-~ I ".!....-j

a~ I i~ i1)

- I -V V..

FIGURE l -Standard spa cing of wall st uds-1 6inches center to cente r.

FIG URE 2-Roughed in doo rwa y- the basicframewor k. One st ud anly pa rtia lly rem oved .

14 « WORKBENCH

FIGURE 5-After the plaster has been removedfrom the cutting area a compass saw can bestarted in the small space available.

" X"

( PLASTER)

PLASTE R& LATH

\,~~i12X4'S

FIGURE 6-This shows the relationship betweenthe members in a fin ished section .a f a verticalportion of a doorway, as se en from the top .If wedges were needed to plumb the jamb aspace would be needed at "x" - see alsoFigure 8.

The finished doorway as shown inPhotograph A is approximately 24inches wide, which is a considerablereduction in si ze from th e originalspace available between the studs(with only on e s tu d removed) . If twostuds were r emoved, the space wouldobvious ly be much la rger than ordi­n arily practical. The a nswe r to thisis a com pro m ise which would re­quire the basic constr ucti on shownin Figure 3. This is, of course, amore troublesome alteration andshould be avoided if the smallerdoorway will do. The folding doorshown in Photograph A is especiallyuseful when on e is constructing hisfirst doorway as it will . adapt to av a r ie ty of op enings and s a ve thetrouble of fi tting a door.

AFTER LOCATING th e s tuds a nd takinginto a ccount the a dd it ional thicknessof materials required to "beef-up"and finish off the doorway the laying

. out of cutting lines is the next step.These cutting lines s hould be drawnin as close as practical to the finishdimensions for several reasons. Al­though the casing (external trima d de d to doorway) is intended to hideminor mistakes more plaster some­times comes off than is desired. Afterthe doorw ay is roughed out the nakeded ge s of the 2 x 4's must be built upthe thickness of the la th plus theplaster. This is less t r ouble if thereis not such a bi g a r e a to fill in.

Using a br ick chisel, score throughthe pl aster to the lath a ll along thecutting lines. A brick ch is el (se eFigure 4) is availa ble in severalwidths . Sin ce there is pl enty of a reato be covered-both s ides of the walldon't for get- the wider t he better .If properly scored, a con siderableamount of pl a ste r can r eadily be tornaway from th e cu tting a rea. D eepaccura te sco ri ng will help insure thatpl a s ter will no t be acciden tally tornfro m the wrong side of th e cu ttingline . R em ovin g pl a s ter crea tes con­s ide r a ble mess and du st. It is a goodid e a to cover the a djacent a rea in­cludin g floor a nd fu rnit ure.

Be sure to r em ove a ll plas ter fromthe area to be cut before beginning

CERTAIN a llowances hav e to be madebefore you can es t im a te the s ize ofthe finished doorway. The width ofthe do orw ay need not be the same asthe other s in the ro om but the heightsho u ld be the same. If you are un­for tuna te enough to have doorways ofvarying size in the r oom , then th enew doorway shou ld probably be thes a m e height a s the one nearest to ita s that is the one with which the eyew ill m ost naturally compare it.

F igure 2 sho ws the basic frame­wo r k for the doorway as it is con­structed from 2 x 4' s . The finisheddoorway w ill be further decreasedin width by the addition of the headand side j ambs plus the actua lamoun t of spa ce used by wed ges inmaking th e do orway plumb. Thiswill be exp lain ed a s we go a long butto give yo u a ba se fr om which to cal­culate keep thes e facts in mind a syo u v is ualiz e the changes to be madein the yet untouch ed s tudd ing shownin Figure 1: 1. The wi d th of tw o 2 x4's plus the wi d th of the top jambwo uld ha ve to be added to the de­s ired f ini sh hei ght of the doorway tod etermin e wher e the center s tudshou ld be cut. 2. T he finished widthof the d oor w a y will be decreased bywidth of the a d d it ional 2 x 4's on theleft a nd on th e righ t, plus th e spacer equir ed to m ake the jamb plumb onboth sides , pl us the j a m bs on the lefta n d on the right. If a regula r dooris to be hung in this doorway, clear­ances will have to be a llowed forproper operation . NOTE: Dressed 2x 4' s a r e nearer 1% x 2% in si ze andthe dressed lu mber ord ina r ily usedfor the jambs a nd casing is % in chin thickness.

that would limit it s use on eithersi de of the wa ll. It is important tod ouble check e a ch side of the wallbefore beginnin g as mistakes areeasie r to m ake than they are to cor­rect. If a regula r do or is to be hungin the doorw ay then there must bespace fo r it to open fully . It is a lsowise to us e a secti on that is free ofele c trical ou tlets (includ ing the base­board) and w irin g , as relocat ion ofthese is time co nsuming.

FIGURE 7-This shows the relatio nsh ip be twe e nthe members at the top of th e doorway open­ing prior to installing the head ja mb .

~PLASTE R s- LATH

j

II •

I~II ~HEAD: I JA MB, I

FIGURE 4-Brick chisel.FIGURE 3-Roughed in doo rway where morewidth is required . Two studs were cut off hereand rough width is now con trolled by th e in­stallation of doubl e cripple studs.

DOUBLECRI PPLE

STU~

MARCH.APRIL, 1958 » 15

to saw th e la th beca us e plaster willdull a handsaw in a ve r y short time.A compass saw (Figu re 5) , is excel­lent for cutting the first severalpieces of lath away. After there issufficient space to operate it a hand­saw will, of course, d o a quicker job .Wh en a ll of th e wor k is completed onone side repeat the process on theother si de of the wall . T he baseboardwill also have to be cut and removed.Do not remove any more baseboardthan necessary until yo u have deter­mined how wide the casing w ill beor just how you are going to fin ishoff the casing a t the bottom.

AFTER THE opening is cut the next stepis to rough in the open ing as shownin Figure 2. The cripple studs arecut to the height of the finis hed door­way plus 3/4 inch (to allow for thehead jamb) a nd nailed in p la c e . Ifheaders are now cut to length theymay be held across th e c ripple studsand the c e n tel' stu d ac e u r ate 1ym arked for cutting.

Cut the center stud and nail theheaders in place. As shown in F ig­ures 6 and 7, jamb wi dth is controlledby the thickness of the wall. The cas­ing must be parallel to the wall andal so to th e edge of the jamb. Thick­ness of th e wall can be accuratelydetermin ed by holding flat pi eces ofwood on op pos ite sides of the walland measuring the distance betweenth em. This is the same as the spacebetween the casings that the jambmust fill a s shown in Figure 6. N extcut the head jamb to length andpl ace in pos ition. It must be cen­tered as in Figures 6 and 7. A checkwith a level at this poin t may indi­ca te that some a d jus tm en t is neces­sary in order to level up the headjamb. Common beveled wood shin­gl es a r e very handy for this workand m ay be pl aced in the mannershown in Figure 8. When centereda nd level, finish nailing in p la ce.

Cu t side jambs and place in posi­t ion, being careful to center thema ccordin g to wall w idth-as men­tioned above. A pl um b line and alevel will indicate if the side jambs

are pl um b (perfectly upright and at90-degree angles to the head jamb).If they a ren' t , which is probable ,we dge shingles between the studsand the jamb (a s shown in Figure 8)until th e condi t ion is corrected andat as m any points a s needed . Finishnailing in place . Of course, all nailsused on the casing and jambs mustbe countersunk so that th e holes canla te r be filled in and sanded flu sh.

Figure 9 illustrates the building upof the rough frame to th e thicknessof the wall . These are the fill -instrips shown in F igur es 6, 7 and 8.Two thicknesses of la th nailed to thestudding on each side will be ap­pr oxim a tely the same as the thick­ness of the la th plus the plaster.Ca s ing width, incidentally, should besufficient to cover a ll of the intendedareas so that little or no plasterpatching will have to be done . Thecasing width should also have somerelation to the s ize of the doorwayand the other casing used in theroom. As may be s een from thephotogr aphs , the casing does not quitecover the a r ea at the top of thedoorway where too much plaster wasremoved. This width of casing, how­ever, seemed to suit th e job bestand a small amount of patchingplaster takes care of the cavity. Alittle more care in earlier processeswould have eliminated the need forev en this.

THE LAST b ig carpentry step in thecompletion of the doorway itself isthe ad dit ion of the casing . You maywish to tr y to match the casing tha tis al r ead y in th e house. In somecases this may be difficult or at leastrather expe ns ive if it is or na te andno longer standard millwork. Thecasing shown in the photographs isplain with mitered corners at the top .Mitered corners leave no raw edgesbut the 45-degree angles must be verycarefully cut or a poor fit will result.

The edges of the casing are shownin these drawings as being flush withthe surface of the jamb. It appearedto be easie r to cons tr uc t it in thismanner. This has not , however, been

standard pra c t ice . You may wish tos et the c a s in t back % inch or soinste a d of. m aking it Hush.

F igur e 10 S,lOWs one method oft r imming he bot tom of the door way-by the use of a pl int h blo ck. Sat is­fa c tory r esult s ca n be obta ine d. how­ever, by s im ply running th e casi ngto the fl oor a nd cutting th e base­board to fit a s nearly as possible .

Aft er a pp ly in g the proper fi nishyo u have com ple ted a doorway. Ifyo u wi sh to hang a door then youhave more work-but at least thes m a ll er portion of the work-ahead.A folding d o or (shown partiallyopen in Photograph B) is recom ­mended for several r easons. 1. Plas­tic doors , s uch as the one shown,a r e available with a ll hardware foras little at $6. 2. Installation con sistsmainly of installing a track on thehe ad jamb. 3. The bottom m ay becut off at any desired length. 4. Itmay be opened from either direction.5. It fits a wide range of doorwaywidths-without sawing or planing.

Except for magic, th e best w ay toget through a w all is to build a door­way-and you can do it .

v >}~~ . )%

LATH U SE~BUIL. D UP TOFLU S H TH IC KNE SS

/V

' ...

--I-----STUD

" . V~.~

FIG URE 9-Double thic knes ses of la th na iled tothe 2 x 4 's will give a flush surfa ce.

PLINTHBLOCK

S IDECASI NG

8ASEBOAR-'"

HEA D \CAS ING~

_~ --,,~ MITEREOI<" CORNERSSHINGlE----,

ST U DS

PLAS,ER &

LATH -7

F ILL - I N /S T RIPS ----'/

SHINGLE

PHOTO G RAPH B-The comp leted doorwaywith t he fol di ng door pcr- tlc lly o pe n.

FIGURE 8- The jamb can be corrected ver ticallyand horizonto lly by wedging in shingles a sshown. The shing le ends. of cou rse, are b rokenoff before adding the ca sing.

FIGURE 1O-Plinth blocks a re use d here totrim the bottom of the d oo rway.

16 « WORKBENCH

Tips on Driving ScrewsDALE MOREY

CLEARANCE HOLE

~ METAL PLAT E

FIG. I .

FIG. 2 .

CLEARANCE

HOLE

\ \ \

/ I

I /

( / I/ I I

\\ \\\~~:~""{

IT 'S PROBABLY becaus e it looks so easythat m any people m ake a poor jobof drivi ng in screws. The result is apoo r fixing and split wood.

Always m ake a cl earance hole forthe screw shank in the outside pieceof the wood (F ig ure 1) , a nd thenm ake an other hole of more than halfth e diameter to take the threadedportion. When fitting a metal strip(such a s ' a hinge ) to wood, drill ashort clearance hole in the woodafter making a full-length hole forthe thread (Figure 2) . If you don'tdo this , the wood, especially if it ishard, is almost sure to split so thatthe screw gets a poorer grip.

For countersunk screws, make asmall sinking for the head with eithera countersink bit or the tip of alarger d rill. But if you don't ha vea suitable to ol, the sinking can bemade with the corner of a reallysharp chisel, or even with a pocket­knife. Cut across the grain first, oneach side of the hole .

Where screws have worked loose,as they often do on door hinges , youcan't always replace t hem withbigger on es. In any case, a bettermethod is to drill clearance holes inthe wood and then press in ordinarywall plugs. The screws will then holdfirmly a nd permanently . A fair lys a tisfactory alternative is to plug thebottom half of the hole with steelwool a nd to drive the screw into that.

If you h a v e to remove screwswhos e h eads have been painted over, 'fir s t scr a pe the paint ou t of the slotwi th the point of a fil e . Then, withthe screwdriver square in the slot,tap the end w ith the side of ahammer; that sho u ld f r ee the screw.If it is rusted into the wo od , holda hot pok er a ga ins t the head for aminute or so to free it.

It is a good idea to SITIea r withshoe po lish screws that have to beremoved oc cas ionally . An even betterway is to dip them into shellac orother th in varnish ; but see that t hevarnish is very dry and hard beforethe screws are us ed.

Never drive ord inary steel screwsin to oak, because th e acid in thiswood w ill corrode them so that theycanno t be removed without break­ing. Brass screws will not be af­fected by the acid , and steel onescan be given s ome prot ection bycoating them with varnish, a s men­tioned before.

MARCH-AP RIL, 19 5 8 » 17

PHOTOGRAPH 1-Measure all th e dim ensians of the sofa to be cove red to det e rmine the yardageof materia l req uir ed. Be su re to all ow ex t ra ma te rial fo r seams .

PHOTOG RAPH 2-1f you r sofa is stud ded withbuttons, these must be re moved befo re the newcover is inst alled . Check und e rneath the sofafirst to be sure that these bullons do not holdspri ngs o r stuffing in place. If they do , stepsmust be ta ke n to stitch these ite ms in placebefore removing the bullons .

We recovered our Sofa OurselvesEDWIN HOFFMAN

Their eyes told them, yes, the ir sofa did need recovering, but theirbudget told them, no. Here's how the Edwin Hoffmans brokethe deadlock.

PHOTOG RAPH 3-The simples t wa y of CUllingthe material to size is to lay it out on the sofatha t is to be cove red . Be sure to rever se thema teria l first so that the sea ms are on thep rope r side afte r sewing. Your a bil ity a s asea mstre ss will determine if thi s met hod is tobe used o r if you can make the cover from themea surements made ea rl ier .

1B ({ WORKBENCH

A SHABBY or stained piece of livingroom furniture distracts greatly fromth e beauty of your home. The easiestway to remedy this is to buy a newpiece of furniture. At our house re­cently finances did not allow for thiseasy method . Therefore, with thebasic frame of the piece of furniturefoun d in good shape, we decided torecover the offending piece .

A check of ready-made as well ascustom-made sofa c o ve r s showedthat our budget would not stand forany such extravagance as purcha~

ing these ready-made products so an­other do-it-yourself project was born .

First the piece to be recove redmust be carefully measured-on allsides (Photograph 1). Visit your lo­cal yardage store and decide uponthe type and color of material thatgoes well with your other furnitureand your walls and rugs. After thed es ir ed type and color of materialis selected yo u are able to determinethe amount of material needed. Fig-

ures will not be given here becausesofas vary in size and shape as dothe widths of materials . Materialsare obtainable in widths from 24 to54 inches. The measurements of yourparticular sofa must be a pplied tothe width of the material you haveselected to determine how muchyardage is needed . If there is anyquestion, the sales cl erk in youryardage store will be glad to assistyou in determining the proper lengthneeded, allowing for all cuts andseams.

In our case the surface of the sofawas studded with several dozen but­tons that were affixed to it throughthe entire thickness of the top of.the sofa . These buttons had to beremoved (Photograph 2) so that theywould not show shiny spots, or wearthrough the new cover that was go­ing to be put on. Befor e removingthe buttons see tha t they are notused to hold stuffing or springs inpl a c e. In our case they were not.

If they are, the stuffing or springsm ust be secured by stitching with anupholsterer's needle before the but­tons are removed.

This is done v er y easily. An up­holsterer's needle may be purchased,along with a ball of heavy thread,for about a dollar. They are obtain­able at most do-it-yourself or hobbyshops as well as at upholstery shops.Turn the sofa on its side to makethe opera tion easier . T h rea d theneedle and push it through the topof the sofa from the underside , along­side where a button is located. R e­turn the needle and thread throughthe top of the sofa, from the top, ata po int about a qua r t e r of an inchfrom where it came through from thebottom. Cut the thread and tie thetwo ends in a square knot enclosingthe spring or stuffing that the but­ton's th read now encloses . Cut thethread holding the button a nd r e­move it. Repeat this operation a long­side each button before removing it.Be careful that your new thread issecuring the spring or stuffing thatthe original thread secured .

If the buttons and threads do notsecure a spring or stuffing, your taskis m uc h easier . T urn the sofa on it ssi de, cut the th r e a ds holding the but­tons and remove but tons and threads .

IF THE covering of your sofa is st illquit e strong but shabby or fa ded, itwill give you a more professional jobif it is left on. Otherwise, if its sur­face is ro ugh and may appear lumpythrough the new covering, it m ustbe removed.

Befor e removing a covering andbefor e a new covering may be puton if you are leaving the old cover­ing on , the undercovering of the sofamust be removed. Th is undercover­ing is usu all y made of cheeseclothor a si m ilar porous material and isput on the under s id e of the furniture

fo r a neater appearance as well asto trap any small pieces of stuffingth a t may work loos e . It must be re­moved after the legs so we shall gointo tha t at that time.

If you are an excellent seamstressyou will be able to cut and sew theentire cover from measurements yo umade earlier. As many do not quali fyas experts, the easiest way of insur­ing a goo d fit is to lay the materialou t on the sofa and cut and pi n inplace (Photograph 3) . Remember toreverse the m a ter ia l before pinni ngso that the extra seam material willbe on the inside. Be sure to pull themateria l taut befor e pi nning so tha tthe cover is snug a nd not loos e a ndbulgy . Again yo ur ability as a seam ­s t ress w ill d eter m in e if yo u want toa d d co rd b inding to the seams. Wedi d not feel tha t the binding wo uldadd anythin g to the finished pr oductso eliminated it. If yo u want to usethe cord bin d ing, it is insert ed be­tween the mater ial of the to p a nds ides and sewn when the materialis sewn together.

After pinning a nd cutt i ng , thes ea m s a r e sew n on your sewing ma­chi ne (Photogr aph 4). Be sure to u sea s trong thread for the work as t hecover will be subjected to consider­a ble s train when someone is sittingon the sofa. T her e is little to saya bo ut the actual sewing except tourge you t o kee p t h e seams ass traig ht as possi bl e fo r a better f it.

N ext , the cover is tried on the sofaa nd smoothed down (Photograph 5).At t hi s time you will see if it is toobig or too small and make any neces­sary alterations . Do not attempt tos tretch the cover into pla ce if it istoo small as thi s will pu t an u nnat­ura l stra in on the seams as well asthe material and limit the life of thecover . If it is too loos e, remove yo u rstitches and resew. A loos e coverwill just gi ve a s lop py a ppearance.

LEGS ARE attached to a sofa in threeways-nails, screws and bolts. Ourlegs were of wrought iron and at­t a ched with three screws in eachleg base . These legs must be re­moved (Photograph 6) before youproceed with the next step. Measureand note the placement of the legsin relation to the corners of the sofa.The screw ho les will be covered withthe new material so this step willassist you in relocating the le gs asthey were before. If the legs are at­tache d with bolts , the system is s im­il ia r . On some les s expensive sofasnails affix the legs . These can ber em oved by grasping the nail headswith a pa ir of pliers to start themthen completely pu ll them with ~nail-pull er or ha m m er. In some casesthe nail-pu ller m a y be used from thesta r t. In s tu bborn cases the nails canbe driven completely through the

PHOTOGRAPH 5-Pull the ma te rial tig ht tosee that all seams are in place a nd the f it isprope r before tacking cover to th e sof a . " thereare any er rors, now is the time to co rrect them .

PHOTOGRAPH 4-Se wing should be do ne by machine to give st ra igh test edge s and mos t p rof essionallooking pro jec t. If yo u do not own a sewing machin e, they may be rented for a nominal fe e.

PHOTOGRAPH 6-Remove th e legs f ro m the sofa.Legs a re attached by th re e me tho d s- withscrew s, bolts and nails. No matte r what methodis used, be sure to not e the e xa ct pos ition o fthe legs before removal so that they may bereturned to the same spot fo r grea ter st re ng tha~nd better appearance .

MARCH ·APRIL, 1958 » 19

PHOTOGRAPH 7-Remove the sta pled cove ring , und er the sofa, with a pa ir of plie rs. These coverscatch any stuffing that may work loo se and a lso give a more finished a ppearance.

PHOTOGRAPH a-Staple the cove ring in plac e afte r fir st stretc hing it tight. This ste p is followedby ta cking in place with 6 /16·inch long ca rpe t ta cks. Upholste ry tacks are not ne ces sa ry for thistas k, in fact would be too bulky to go unde r the covering.

PHOTOGRA PH 9-Afte r coveri ng is ta cked in place, the undercovering is stapled an d tacked.Stapler is used ini tia lly to hold materia l in place and then tacks are used fo r pe rmanent installation.

20 « W 0 RK 8 EN e H

wood with a nail set, then removedfrom the sora after the le gs are re­moved.

As yo u have measured and notedthe location of the le gs to the SOlacorners, they can be repositioned inthe correct spots for greate r beautyand strength. If the le gs were a ffixedwith screws, check to see th at a llare straight. Replace bent ones. Ifscrew holes are too loose, partiallyplug them with a wo od en match s tickor other soft piece of wood. Beforeinserting the plug, d ip it in woodglue, so that it will be held in place .

The undercov ering of the sof a,mentioned ear lie r , must now be r e­moved (Photograph 7) . It will beaffixed with staples or small ta ck s .Remove the staples or tacks and theundercovering is off.

The covering that yo u h ave justcompleted is now stretched into placeand secured with staples (Photo­g raph 8) . It is best that the sofa beturned completely upside down forth is step. T he covering can be tackedinto place immediately but unlessyou have several extra hands forthis step, stapling makes the jobeasier . A heavy duty stapler isneeded for the job and these may bebought or rented . Another advantageof stapling is that staples are easierto remove if you did not get the coveron right. After stapling a ll around,invert the sofa and check to see if thematerial is centered and stretchedproperly. If not, make necessary cor­rections before tacking permanentlyin place.

Six-sixteenth inch carpet tacks areused for the final tacking. They a r ehammered into place w ith a tackhammer or other small hammer thatmay be available.

The undercovering is s tretched intoplace and affixed wi th staples. Itmay then be permanently affixedwith the same size tacks (Photo­graph 9) .IF YOU were careful in noting the po­sition of the legs before r emovingthem, you will be able to put themback on with little effort (Photogr aph10). Otherwise you will h a ve to probewith an ice pick, or other sharp ob­ject, to loca t e the holes, if they werehe ld on with screws. Bolt s a re as impler m a tter a s the holes arem uch larger a nd may be felt throughthe material. When reaffixing thelegs that w ere held with nails, youneed your earlie r measurements toget them in the right pos ition. It isnot necessary to put the new nails int he old holes . Also do not attempt toreuse a bent, and straightened, nail.Ben t na ils never driv e true , no mat­ter how well t hey are s t raightened .

If you plugged a ny screw holes togive a ti ghter fit, the sc r ews that areto go into these holes shou ld be lu­b r icated w ith wax or paraffin befor einserting. This will allow easier entryinto the ti ght hole without splittingthe wo od. This wax or paraffin onthe threads of the screw will not af­fect its holding power.

Time involved again depends uponthe individual. In our case we re­covered tw o sofas in a per iod of fourhours. The nature of the task is suchthat each step can be done as aphase and work continued at a latertime with no e ffec t on the completedproject.

sewing ma chine. If yo u do not owna sewing machine one may berented for a nominal sum or evenbetter, some of the sewing machinecenters will allow you to do the com­pl ete sewing job on th eir premisesfor a nominal fee and at the sametime provide advice if needed.

in their proper place and reinse rt screws. If a ny holes weretoo loose they should be plugged with match sticks or other soft wood before inse rtin g scre ws.These screws hold th e e ntire wei ght of the sofa and those silt ing on it so they must be se cu re .Lubrica te the scre ws with wax or paraffin for eas ier inser tion.

If you desire, th e button s you re­moved earlier m ay be put back on.This is done by r u n nin g your uphol­s terer's need le up from the under­side of the sofa, hoo k ing it throughthe button a nd returning through thesame hole . The loose ends are ti ed onthe und ers id e. This must be done be­for e the undercoverin g is replaced.We d id not d o it a s we fe lt the uninter­r upted s m oothness of the surfacewas mor e a ttrac t ive than one clut­te red wi th buttons.

Now your sofa has been completelyr eco vered (Photograph 11) at a frac­t ion of the cost of r eady-made covers.This custom-made cover, which youhave just co m ple ted , will be as neara perfect fi t as your a b il ity will al­low, whereas r e a dy-made covers donot always fi t well because of them ult it ud e of sizes in which sofascom e. Cost of the project is con­trolled mainly by the type of mate­rial selected. We decided to use acord u r oy material and by waitingun til one of the local stores had asale of t he type of material and colorwe wanted , we h eld our cost to thea bso lu te minimum. Other materialsrequired are thread , tacks and sta­ples-worth not more than a fewcen ts each. A word of warni ng­use the best material and thread t hatyo u are able to afford for this proj­ect. A cov er of this ty pe is put undersevere stra in every time someonesi ts on the sofa a nd a few cents oreven a few dollars m ore in materialcosts will mean months or yearsmore wea r and longer life with abetter appearance .

Tools required are simple : a ham­mer , screw driver, pliers, a stapler,a pair of s c is sor s and , of course, a

PHOTOGRAPH 11-The finished sofa. Neat and clea n and good fo r several more years' use.

M A RC H· APR IL. 19 58 » 21

Always wanted a greenhouse? This one isn't very big but it'ssimply made and serves a useful purpose.

Give Flowers an early start

with this Small Greenhouse

R. S. HOWARD

THIS SMALL GREENHOUSE, built fro m two window sas h, is shown with the front sas h op en . Wh enclosed , it provides early spring protection for seedlings and transplants, but allows plenty ofsunl ight to enter the encl osure .

22 « WOR K BENCH

ALTHOUGH DEFINITELY not for winteruse, this enclosure affords protectionfrom the early spring chill and givestransplants and seedlings plen ty ofsunlight. It is built of two windowsash, one for the roof section and onethe front , with clear plastic film orsheeting such as is used fo r stormwindows applied to the ends. Theun it is built on the side of a shop orgarage, pr efer a bl y facing south soas to get the full benefit of the earlyspring sunshine. Multiple light sashis most desirable for the roof, asthe small panes of glass givestrength, while the larger p an es areused for the front so as not to ob­struct the view of the plants when itis closed.

The floor or "bench" of the unitis built first , the size being deter­mined by the sash used, and theright height from the ground is de­termined . In this case the green­house was built just outsi de a shopwindow, giving access to the plantsfrom within. The bench can be madeof % " boards, nailed together withcleats on the bottom. It is well togive the bench several coats of paintso as to prevent the moisture fromsoaking in when watering the plants.And if one wants to insure a morestable humidity for the growingplants , a 2" layer of sand can bespread out on the shelf, and keptdamp. On rea l frosty nights one ortwo IOO-w att light bulbs will pr ev en ta freeze, and add to th e effectivenessof the pretty flowers at n igh t .

/x ¢.

$op oe(f'/IRR6EWlla.

-5

/xs:

/X:l..

3 " .&EtVC'EI'/:JST

--

--- _ u

/ //sCe€EN Dca.€.

/ HooK

I(\\\

,\

THE/6117

TOSU IT .

rop e-e RooF /S 19 /\1vLT/PL.c c/uHT eY/1SrI

FRo/YT /5 -9 2- ,-t / o # T S /l5H, fiNO T#E ENDSI1RE C'bv'ERED W/TH (3.LE.Re R-9S T / C S/fEET //\/G.TRCKED 0/'0/ yV/TH SCREEN 1'-7C1~O/NG.

/)(2

Zx.z

,.,­,.,-

././

/'

L OwER.5'/1$1--1 .-/:7

(~V&c

L. /6;<;T )

VPPER S -9sH

(/'1VLT/,Dl.€ L/oN T)

S?OE eFecT/ONAL 4 PRo/YT

VIEW- SHOW/No rop cS'/jS tY

72'csr//l/C ON L.OwER S/1SH

WHFN CLoSED .

MAR C H • AP R I L. 1 9 5 8 » 23

PHOTOG RAPH I-Ha nds o me mahoga ny (Hondura n) and b right co pp er tubing a re a compatible combination fo r thi s ho rs d 'o eu vre s serve r.Boa t has slee k lines wh ich are a cce nte d by slim cop pe r tubes.

Serving Boat for Appetizers

R. J. DE CRISTOFORO

This hand some wood and copper server will hel p get any partyoff to a pleasant start .

24 « WORKBENCH

T HIS ATTR ACTIVE h or s d'oeuvres "boat"(Photograph 1) will he lp the hostessfor whom you make it to sail gailythrough many a party. And its anideal gift item if there 's a favoritelad y or family you wish to remem­ber . It can start out the dinner partyheaped with potato chips and withother tidbits " s ta bbed" on toot hpicks.When it has served its purpose her ewith before-dinner-c ocktails . Iil ! itwith celery stalks and carrot sticksand bring it to the table , or set itbeforehand with flowers as a center­piece.

Construction is fairly simple . Theboat itself merely requires somesimple carving as shown in the photo­graphs. Select a piece of wood withattractive grain pa tte r n (mahoganyor walnut are suitable) . It should beabout Ph " th ick, by 5" w id e , by 16"lon g. Dra w th e outline on pa per by

PHOTOGRAPH 2-Afte r the outlines have beendrawn on th e rough stock, remove the wasteby cutting on the band sa w. A coping saw willdo this, or e ve n a ra sp fil e .

EACH SQUARE EQUALS Y, INCH

j V "2/1

#40 HOLES FORTOOTHPICKSI"APART.

WOOD IS MAHOGANYOR WAL N UT. TUBI NGIS SOFT COPPER .

7-; - - -; - -- ;- --.- - - .- -1-----'

- - - - ---------~--~

_--,----- - - - - -- - --+-----=."'-L..-...J--:-----;- --;- - -.- --

k~~--+- - - - - ---- ----+--~

L::=~~-=-='='::"'::..=.=J

'---H----.........." '" ........ )/~~_------

using the s quared- off top v iew inthe dra w in g , or, if you pr efe r , drawit directly on the wood. Remove thebulk of the material by cutting onthe band saw or by hand with a cop­ing saw (Photographs 2 and 3). Carv­ing (Photograph 4) a nd fina l fi nish­ing are done by hand or with thehelp of a small drum sander a sshown in P h o t o g r ap h 5. Be sure ,after the roughing out is don e , t hatyou smooth the wood down by work ­ing through progressively fi ne r gritsof sandpaper . When done, the woo dshould be satin smooth a nd com­pl etely free of scratches.

Next, make the handles , whic h area lso the ho ld ers for the toothpicksand d rill a l/4" hole down the cen ter,lengthw is e; then drill the hol es forthe toothpicks. Now cut two pi eces of1/4 " copper tubing, 30" lon g. Bendeach . of them in the middle a ro und

PHOTOGRAPH 3-1£ you are working an a bandsa w, tape on the waste stock cut f rom thebottom and then cut the to p ou tlin e wit h theband saw table tilt ed about twen ty deg rees.

MAR C H - APR Il, 1 9 S 8 » 2S

a piece of %" dowel or bar s toc k.Then thread on the handles (Photo ­g r a ph 6) . If the handles do not fittightly, just " k i n k" th e tubingslightl y in that a rea so the handlesmust be forced on . Then, about I"away from the handle ends , bendeach en d of each tube over the samedowel, but only 90 degrees. At thispoint , check the tube assembly onthe bo at to get the exact location ofthe ho les the tubes will pass through .Drill these %" and pass th e tubesthrough them. Then splay the leg sout and trim off a ny excess. Thetube ends can be cover ed w ith littlepl as t ic or r ubber ca ps . Thes e can bemade from r egular pencil e r ase rs .

If th e tubes do not fit tightly in th eholes drilled for them, just drill aNo. 50 hole through the side of th eboa t into th e tubes and insert smallheadless brads. These should be setbelow th e surface of the w ood andputtied over .

That 's a bo ut it! Finish wood pa rtsby s and ing ultrasmooth, applying agood penetrating sealer and thensandi ng a ga in . Finish with two orthr ee coats of paste wax rubbed to apolish. Finish metal parts by rubbin gwith steel wool and coating with cle arlacquer.

26 « W 0 RK BEN C H

PHOTOGRAPH 4-Next, clamp the black ta afirm surface and begin the carving , using amallet and chisel. Do not allempt to hamme rthe chisel in too deeply; shove out reasonableamounts of waste . If you have a carving gouge,this can be used when you app roach thebollom.

PHOTOGRAPH 5-Final finishing of the insidecan be hastened by using a small drum sanderon a portable electric drill. This will not onlysmooth the rough carving but will also makeit easier to round off corners. Most of theexterior forming is accomplished by hand , withfiles and sandpaper.

PHOTOGRAPH 6-After the tubes hav e beenbent in a full circle in the middle, press onthe wood handles . Note that toothpick holeshave been drilled . Handles should fit snugly,even if you have to bend tubes slightly inthat area so they will jam in the holes dr illedfor the tubes .

I...1 _

------,-FRONT I

VIEW II

~ D!

l -~~~-t-0,-,------C4:

- - - - - 3f'-----1..-l!t1--

~.

TOP vuu: 1 '-OF DRAWER.

2.f'

~

1.'-.3+

L

I

SIDE VIEW b~__________r_~TIQ~_

TIII

I-r--------4;'------WILL STOLL

Tiny Cobbler's Bench

Sewing K it

tw r r O/i ...PI/i DIVIDERS Fa/? TOP

THIS LITTLE sewing bench in the formof a miniature cobbler's bench canbe both useful and ornamental.Carry it out under the shade treesor to the porch to finish those' littlesewing jobs that just don't seem toget done. Constructed of scrap ply­wood, it is made entirely of !f4" stockexcept the base, which is !.h" stock.The spools are held by 1f4" dowelsand %" dowels make the legs.

All curved parts are cut with a

jig saw, band saw or coping saw,after laying out by means of squaresas shown. The tiny drawer slides onr unn er s on the under s ide of the base.Thes e runners are merely two piecesof 1f4" plywood 3!.h" long. One is %"wide and the other 112 " wide. Theyare nailed or glued together as's hown . The tiny drawer has a cor­responding %" by !f4 " piece glued ornailed along each side near the top.

A tiny piece is glued to the front ofthe drawer for a handle.

When drilling the % " holes in theb as e for the dowel legs, set them atabout a I5-degree angle. Assembleall pieces with glue and brads .Round off and sandpaper all exposededges. Stain the piece and then giveit several coats of shellac, the finalcoat being rubbed down with No. 00steel wool after it has set.

I"T

T

~ \

~~~

r-/f't "

21:

10

LEGS i'DOWEL

SET A T~ Z"A HGLE u l

9-f- - ----- - - - - _ -

r'-'I II II II II II II II II I

f--' "+0:IIIIIIIIIIII

o

,"31.

''' 0h;: rrrnII

I----j-- -f---f-- 3 '--1

M ARC H ·AP Ru. 1958 » 27

A TABLE that Serves TWO Purposes

By an easy change of the length of its legs you can use this ver­satile piece of furniture either as a bedroom beauty center or acoffee-cocktail table.

r- 1'-0"~

00

I 0- .... l..., ...-J

-,ON

0 I_r-00- .... .... ..-J

0- t-

THIS STYLISH table that serves eitheras a bedroom beauty center or ana ttrac tive living room coffee or cock­ta il t able has th e a ppe a ra nce of apiece of cu stom-built furniture .

As a beauty center , the bi-levelt able is a central spo t for keep inga ll beautifying supplies and in itselfadds beauty to a be droom . As acoffee table, it ha s a roomy to p formagazines, ash trays and otherknickknacks. Th r ee drawers in on ese ction p r ov id e room fo r s to r ingperfume bot tl es and cosmetics orfor coa sters , n apkins a nd silver ware,de pending on the use to which youput the table .

The f in ished t able is 6' long andPh ' wi de . T he t a ble and drawer s ec­ti ons a re co ns t r uc te d separately andthen bolted tog ether . Legs for abeauty center should be 2' 1" long andthos e for a coff ee table I ' lon g. Byintercha n ging the legs , which a reheld in pl ac e by scr ews, the tablec a n be us ed for either purpos e.

Your lumber or hardware deale rw ill b e a ble to offer yo u a choice ofdrawe r pulls as well as having onhand m etal or wooden legs in variousheights to suit yo ur particular need s .

Construction Hints

ASSEMBLE T HE d r aw er unit by care­fully followi ng a ll specif ica tio ns inthe d r a w er unit details . The Tem ­pered P resdwood top and bottom ofth e d r awer uni t , as well as thedrawer bottom s should be fastenedwith 2d finishing nails 4" on center.All d r a w er faces should be gluedwith a qua li ty woodworking a d­hesive. Eas e the edges of the d rawerguides with sandpaper or a pl a nefor easy operation.

Table uni t framing should bebolted to th e drawer unit as shownin th e fa stening detail. Apply th eTempered Presdwood table top witha quality woodworking adhesiv e.Se cure bra ss legs to 1" x 4"'s asshown, using a leg hei ght that fillsyour .n eeds .

Finish the Tem per ed Presdwoodpanel s with a primer coat or seal erfoll owed by one or two coats of paint.For a high gloss finish use an enamelundercoat follow ed by a finish coatof enamel. For an especially smoothand shiny finish us e successive coatsof la cquer, sanding between eachcoat . In a ll cases fo llow m anufac­turer's specifications .

-CD,

I· ,'-0" 1

2'-0"

DRAWER UNIT

4' -0"

PLAN VIEW

6' ·0"

COFFEE TABLE HEIGHT

STANDARD VANITY HEIGHT

TABLE UNIT

I:

28 « WOR KBENCH

THE TABLE in use a s a be d room beauty center.

MAsONITE 1/4" TENPEREDPRESOWOOD TOP

DRAWER FACES FLUSHWITH SIDE OF TABLEUNIT

BOLT UNITSTOGETHER SEEFASTENING DETAIL

PERSPECTIVE

4' 0"::------ .-

L_-------------=---------~;~==~D~RAWER UNIT

SEE DETAIL

BRASS LEGS

FASTENING DETAIL

LEG DETA IL I"XZ"

3/4" X 6 ~4"

3 _Zoo NO. 12 FLATCOUNTERSUNK HEADMACHINE SCREWS

MASONITE 1/4 "TEMPERED PRESDWOOD

Bill of Materials," X 4" NAILEDTO FRAME

NO. OF SIZEPIECES

1 4' x 6'1 I" x 8" x 8'1 l"x6"x4'1 I" x 4" x 4'1 I" x 3" x 10'2 I" x 2" x 10'

Miscellaneous: Drawer Pulls ,

DESCRIPTIONMasonite lf4" Tempere dPresdwoodLumberLumberLumberL um berLumber

Adhesive, Brass Legs

MARCH-APRIL , 1 95 B » 29

, DRAWER UNIT DETAILS I

r" x 2"..v"

SIDE V IEW FRONT VIEW

L ARGE DRAWER

7/'"~ jI .~

oI,

1--_--'--'0·. •'-" I,,,oo

t .;.,/."fR AMING

Z' -0"

1/ 4" X 1/4"

/

SA. KERFS A S GU' O£SFOR DRA ....E.. BOTTOMS

,I1'-0"

\:DRAWER UNIT

FRONT VIEW

DRAWE RPULLSCENTER ED

i,', 0 "

- -~-- --- - -- -- -

r -- --- -- --- 'r" - - - I: 0 :

""'OTE · AL L DR AwE R FRONT S hI. SONfT[

i/"- 1 [","pE:fOn.. PRf S Dftu u D

OVE RL AP LARGE OAA.. [1Il FRONT ]/4"OM 'UGH T $10( SMA L L DRAWEA FM)NT314- ON u :n $ tDf OVER LAP ALLORAWERS 3/ ' " AT CfHHR

TOP VIEWfOR L ARGE AND SMA L L

DRAWERS

1/ 4 " a "P fR ED )PlitESow OOD DRAWERCeOTT OM

~ OYERL AP n "PER'[ O• '\... PftESOWOOD 1/4 - AT

FA O NT

/, ,

TOP'VIEW

( ""SOMITE1/4" TE MPEltE DPRESO *OOO BOTTO M)

SIDE VIEW FRONT VIEW

WITH SHO RTER lEGS, the table doubles as a convenient, trim lined coffee or cocktail table.

30 « WORKBENCH

MAKE FROM "Au plywood and use \4" dowelingfo r th e pe gs . The numbe r of guns that a re tobe hun g d etermines d im ens ion s and numbe r ofpegs. Se t 3,4" wire brads in such a position a sto suppo rt the muzzles.

A Gun Rack for Junior.WEBSTER P. TAYLOR

«:c:»

IT MAY never have occurred to yougun loving fathers that t he rack onthe w a ll of your den holding yourfavorite hunting pi eces may be the

envy of yo u r gun toting cowpoke of ason. But don't ki d yourself, dad, t hatboy of yo urs is just as proud of his98 cent cap pi s tol as you are of tha t$125 Win ches ter a nd he proba bly u sesit a lot m or e .

With a gun rack of h is own the boyw ill not on ly be pr oud of his ow n dis­play of guns but will keep them onthe r a ck when not in use a nd wo n'ta lways be pes t e r ing yo u or h ismother with that cr y of "Where' s m ysix shooter?"

A pistol rack such as the one sho wnis a lmost sure to please a small boyand is easy to m a ke. It shouldn' ttake mor e than a ha lf hour or so ofyour time-a half hour that will paybig dividends.

The rack is made of %" plywood,the dimensions being d et er min ed bythe number of guns Junior has to dis­pl ay . The pegs for holding the gunsare %" doweling cut 2" in len gth andset in the plywood to a depth of %" .After the pegs h ave been set, theguns should be positioned on theboard while lying fla t and %" wirebrads driven into the board in sucha position as to support the m uzzlesof the guns at the a ngle desired . Alight coat of mahogany or walnutstain giv es a good finish and a couple

of screw eyes in the to p of t h e boardpr ovide t he means of hanging theboa r d on the wall w ith ordinary pic­tu re hangers.

THE NUMBER of toy pistol s to be hung on itd e te rmines the d ime nsion s of this gu n rock d e .sig ne d fo r a you ng ste r.

------------------~I Gentlemen: CWB II Please send me: I

......... ... BEGINNERS' SET(S) @ $2 .69 II FREE LITERATURE tell ing me all a bout II TRI·CHEM liquid Embroidery a nd details I

; Name o.n..~~~~.. : '~~~.n t..~~.rt~ ..p.I.~.n.~~ i-I Address I

L~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

BALL POINT TUBES OF COLOR THATWRITE, PAINT, DECORATE WITHOUT A BRUSHIand on any surface tool

Decorate linens, feminine apparel, menswear, boxes, trays, plates, greeting cards,etc. Mark childrens clothes, books, Dad'stools, food freezer packages, preserves,hundreds of other uses.

TRI-CHEM, INC., West Orange, N. J.The Original Ball Point Decorating Tubes

2 5 B R 1 L L I A N. TeO LOR S

Turn your spare time intoDelightful Fun and Profit time - -

~ a TRI CHEM \~/~M!~IIyour friends and neighbors how simple it is

smooth-flowing, easy to apply

MARCH·APRIL , 1 95 8 » 31

The suc cess of your prescn and futu re high fidelity musical repro­duction unit wiil cie pa nd graa ily on the care and foresDg:,t w ithw hich you plan your speaker system.

A Guide to SelectingHi-Fi Loudspeakers

LAWRENCE J. EPSTEIN

WHILE A complete hi gh fidelity u ni tconsists of a recor d turnt a b le, radiotuner a nd amplifier as well as aloudspeaker and enclosure, it is on lywith these two latter componentsth at the do-it-himselfer can make hisown contr ibution to the end result ofh is music system-the reproductionof r ecorded music.

All th e ot her components, whetherplaced on a shelf, pu t in a cage, orins ta lled in elaborate cabinetry, willdeliver the identical signal to thespeake r. But what the speaker doeswith that signal depends almost com­pl etely upon its relationship to itsenclo su r e- w hich may be purchasedcompletely fini shed, assembled froma kit, or built from scratch.

The loudspeaker a nd its enclosuremust be pl anned toge ther as aspeaker system , a system w h i c hwhen planned correc tly can startwith one speaker a nd la te r be easilyexpanded to a more elaborate mul­ti ple speaker system.

But only when the prospective au­d iophile is aware of the wide va r ietyof speakers a n d a ll the ways theycan affec t the fi nal r esults of h ishigh fid elity unit c an he intelligentlybegin to make hi s first select ion sfrom a ll the components on the mar­ket tod ay .

A COMPONENT famil ia r to even then o n t e c h ni c al l a ym an , the loud-

32 « WORKBENCH

speaker is the device which inter­prets the electrical impulses re­ceived from the elec t r onic po rtionsof a home music system, convertingthat energy into corresponding me­chanical vi b r a t i o n which in turncreates intelli gible sound. The fidel­ity with which the resulting soundcompares to the original of the sourceis determined in great part by thequality of the mate r ia ls used, thecare taken in manufacture and , ofcourse, the de sign of the loudspeaker.As th e la st link in the chain, a musicreproducing system is n o better thanthe speaker it em ploys .

More than anything else, the un­yielding laws of physics un derscorethe design of th e r el atively simple ­lookin g loudspeaker. In operation, itis highly complex, but by applyingthe science of acoustics as developedto d a te , high fideli ty eq uipment cantoday give th e r eal thin g a good runfor the money.

Spea ker s used in co nvent ional r a­d io co nsoles are of th e mass producedva r ie ty. Since cost objectives deter­mine des ign and fa brication tech­n ique , r efin ements which w ill m akea world of diff erence in perform anceusually are not incorpora te d . H i-fispeakers trul y worthy of that d esi g­nation are li ter a lly handma d e. cus­to m -buil t a ff airs , ge ne r o u s l y en­d owed wi th m or e costl y amounts ofcr it ic a l materials .

N ev er thel ess , ev en am 0 n g s t thepr od ucers of fi ne speakers, there ared iff e r en ces of op inion and te chn iou e.Yo u will more easily note differ­ences between various brands andtypes of speakers than w ill be de­tected among brands of qua lity am­plifiers , tuners, etc. Since there arealso w ide v ari ations in hea ringability between in d i v i d u a I s, one 'sown j udgment is a fa irly r eliablecriterion in selecting a loudspeaker .B ea r in m ind, however, that hi-fimight at fi rst exposure sound un­familiar , since many of th e lowerfund amentals a n d o v e r t o nes a r erarely heard on conventional se ts .L is t en for a while be fore choosing .On ce you've accustomed yo urself tothe new vistas of music listening, acomparison with the old set at homew ill r e a d il y r eveal the pleasuresw hich have be en missed in the past.

As a rule , the truly reputable andsuccessfu l br ands , probably namesyou've never known before , w ill ap­peal to th e majority of people. H encetheir popularity. Prices d o not a lwaysindicate the m easure of quality , norfor that m atter d oes appea r a nce ;but yo u w ill find the r e do exis tmean values for each category ofspeak er type.

THE FOLLOWING w ill help yo u to recog­ni ze th e general ty pes available andth e termino logy us ed in literatureand a d ver t is in g .

PHO TOGRAPH I-A loudspeoker specially builtfor specificolly th e be st po ssib le reproduction ofthe low freq ue ncy tones , it is often referred toas a woofer .

PHOTOGRAPH 2-U nlike in appeorances to mostspeakers, th is combination of horn ond en ergiz­ing " dr ive r unit" is pa rticula rly designed toreproduce be st the mid dl e register of music anda t th e sam e time sprea d out the sound whichat those fr equ encies beg ins to b e com -e di rective.

PHOTOGRAPH J - Similar to the midrangespeaker in Photograph 2, thi s somewhat smallerspeaker renders superior performance at thevery high notes and also spreads in a widelistening are this extremely directional range .It is called a tweeter.

PHOTOGRAPH 4-An " ex te nde d range" speakerwhich reproduces a very wide range of musicaltones. The larger cone portion of the speakerconcentrates on the low frequencies, thus servinge sse ntia lly as a "woofer", whil e the "d iff usi­cone" e le me nt at the ape x of the cone emitsth e midrange and high fr equenci es.

PHOTOGRAPH 5-A spe a ke r which combinesthe speaker of Pho tog ra ph 4 and the tweete r ofPhotograph J , and thus func tio ns as oJ-wayspeaker with integrally built components . It isref erred to as oJ-way Diffa xial. The individualcomponents of (I), (2) and (J) can also be in­stalled as a J-way speaker syste m into a suitablecabinet.

PHOTOGRAPH 6-A compone nt kn ow n as the" crossove r network", it se parates the musica lspectrum into th e th ree ra ng es which are thenfed to the woofer, mid ra nge , and tweet e rspeakers so that ea ch reprod uce s on ly thoseton es fo r wh ich th ey were de sign ed . This par­ticular typ e of network ha s " prese nce" and" b rillia nce" controls for ad justment of the sou ndto suit ro om acou stics a nd per sonal ta ste . Thespeaker in Photograph 5 ha s a bu ilt-in network .

PHOTOGRAPH 7-The performance of the wooferis much de pe nde nt upon the e nclos ure (ba ff le )in wh ich it is ·p la ce d . Conventional radio cabi­net s are rarely of ade qu ate size , design andq ual ity. The e nclosure shown is ty pica l of cttroc­t ive typ es av ai la ble fo r housing e ithe r th e ex­tended range a nd integ ra lly-built J- wa y spe ak.e rs, or the individ ual co mpo nents of a 2-wayor J -way syste m. It wil l al so all ow for p rog resosive ex pa nsion of a spe a ke r system from l -wa yto J.way a s the budge t pe rmits .

MAR C H· APR IL, 1 958 » 33

WHILE IN the fin al analysis it is thea c tual performance of a pi ece ofequip ment , as aura lly a ppraised, tha tmay best serve to gu ide the hi-f inovice in mak ing selections, deter­m ining the wisest purcha se requir esa bit more thought. A book co u ld bewritten on that one s ubject a lone,but it w ill b oil down to this:

There a r e no com m on ly a c cep tedstandards of measurement or of de­termining sp ecificati on ratings ofspeakers ; thus, a direct comparisonof brands based on manufacturers'claims can be misleading to otherth a n the well-inform ed. For example ," fr equency r esponse" ratings are in­tended to convey the extent to whicha s peaker is ca pable of reproducingthe m us ical s p ec t r u m . However, thelevel of the sound output of thes peaker throughout the gi ven rangeis an equally im por tan t m easure ofjust how much of response is us a bl e ;such com para t ive data is not gen­erally a va ila ble between brands .

Much w ill be read a bo ut m a gnetweights a nd types. Within li mits , itis not so much a matter of how m uchAlnico 5 materia l (grade of m a gnet )is used as it is how well it is u sed inthe speaker's over-a ll des ign. Th emore efficient a speaker, the bettercan its perfor m ance be made, andAlnico weight does co ntrib ute to theend result. But , if the design of theother el ements of a speaker (cone,diaphragm, voice coil assembly, sus­pension, etc.) are poor , m uch of themagnet is wasted. The more effi­cient the speaker, the less amplifierpow er required . Thi s a lso often re­s ults in less d is tortion ou tpu t . Thusa comparison of m agnet w eights isg en er ally a n accept a ble gu id e m orebetween models of a brand ratherthan b etwe en brands. Al so, theweight gi ven for the total of m ag­n etic assembly (th is includes the softiron superstructures , etc.) should n otbe confus ed with the weight of Alnico5 m a gn et m aterial alone (th is is theimportant ener g izin g part ) . Then to o,there a r e different magnet designs,depending upon the intent.tons of themanufactur e r . A large-looking mag­net a s sembly is not n ecessa r ily am ore eff ic ien t speak e r than those ofshallow d es ign. As a rule of thumb,a hi -fi speaker (e x tend ed range type )should employ no less than onepound of actual Alnico 5 magnet m a­terial.

Power capacity ra ti ngs are impor­tant. Generally, the hi gher the bette r .Spea ke r power ra ti ngs a re not in­tended to indica te the a m ount of am­pl i fi er p ow er need ed. They m er e lvindicate the total pow er a s peakerw ill safely acc ept without in ju ry toits s tructu res. The dynamic ran ge ofunrestricted hi-fi program materialw ill produce occa s ion a l power pe aksseveral times the power rating ofth e amplifier . The speaker should becapable of taking thes e sudd ensurges, or el se distortion and possiblydamage to the speaker w ill r es ult .

The terms "dispersion" or "sound

34 « WORKBENCH

distribution" convey the angle withinwhich the s pea k e r output producesusable sound for the response rangegiven. Here too, the lack of s ta ndar dsmakes written specif ication difficultto compare. Listen a t ext reme a nglesoff the axis of spe a kers, w hen shop­ping, to determine how much of thehigh notes have been lost. Then walkacross the path of the operatingspeaker (from a d istance of seve r alfeet) and note the degr ee of ch a n gein loudness. There w ill be some, butthe less, the better .

Specifications c o v e r i n g " im ped­ance" present no pr oblem . Let it suf­fice to say that w ith modern day am­plifiers which are capable of match­ing to virtually a ny good s pea ke ryou may buy, all that is n ecessaryis to make the proper con nect ionsduring installation . As for reson ance ,there is cons ide r a ble misunderstand­ing , even among the "experts," butby using the enclosures or data r ec­om mended by the m anufa cturer ofthe spe ake r , the enti re r ather in­volved m atter is circum vented .

As a r ule , in co ne type speaker s ,the larger the di a m e te r of the co ne( ' 'dia phrugrn"), the more bass fun­d am ent al will be h ea r d , if all otherfactors remain comparable. H ow ever ,the differences between brands islikely to upset this r ule. Some 8"speakers in prope r ly designed andwell co nstructed en c l o s u r e s arelik el y to sound as well as 12" or15" speakers ho us ed in price-compro­m is ed boxes. The enclosure for aco ne speaker is as im port ant to t hefin al pe r for m ance of a system as isth e speaker it con tains . Short cutsin tha t dep artment show up easily.Ba ss is not as loud nor as deep asthe speaker is c apa bl e of reproduc­ing ; ther e are spurious fo re ign buzzesand rattling nois es produced by thecabinet setting up it s ow n vibrations;and the s peak e r sounds either tooboomy or a s though it were in abarrel. or as though some of the mu­sical sp ectrum is missing in differ­ent portions .

M aking a wise purchase on thebasis of brand co m parison s is onething ; planning to purchase w is elyis still another. Once exposed to hi -fi ,it is difficult for the musi c lover t or esist acquiring a n ensemble . Thatpurchase is genera lly based on asom ewhat fix ed doll a r budget avail­able a t the time of purchase . So, themore money available. the betterthe system . or oerha ps the moreextens iv e the facilities.

Howev er , s ince as in m os t otherthings. the better th e eouipment, theg rea ter the pl ea su r e der ived , anylimita ti on s w hich m ay have been irn­posed by a limited budget du r ing theinitial purcha se a re likel y to dis­co ura ge futur e d es ir able improve­m ent a s funds becom e a va ila ble . Un­fo r tunately , the electron ic equ iom entsuch as a m plifie rs and tuners do notlend themsel ves to much chancre inperformanee other than in additionsof auxiliary devices which may not

have been originally incorporated.Almost nothing can be done to im­prove the mechanical devices suchas recor d tu r n table, chan ger s a ndtape r ecorders short of v ir tual sub­stitution.

But fortunatel y , the loudspeaker ,where r elatively small changes pro­duce immediately apparent aural im­provement lends itself w ell to pro­gressive alteration. This is true ifsome of the planning for the futureis accomplished at the ti me of theinitial purchase. It is poss ibl e , to­day , to expand speaker systems

. progressively from a simple singl e ex­tended range speaker to fin ally afull-blown 3 or 4-way system w it houtobsoleseence of any of the speakercomponents purchased in each s tage.

There are a v a ila ble cone speakersin various sizes which will serveinitially as wide range reproducers ,and then as the sys tem ex pa nds maybe used for woofer or midrangework. There a r e crossover networkswh ic h are a d justable fo r m atchin gthe original a nd subsequent speakerco m plemen t a s the system is a ltered.And so on. E v en the latest enclosurea nd baffl e " k its" have a ddit ionalcut-outs to accom moda te expandi ngsystems.

By using t h is a pproach in planninga hi -fi system pur ch a se , even ratherlimited initial budget can be devotedto the purchase of better than aver­age electronic a nd p r ogr a m sourceequipment w hich will still be theequal of the f inal s peaker system.Qu alified d is tributor s of hi -fi equip­ment are well acqua inted wi th thisn ewly d ev el op ed a p pro ach and a rehappy to guid e th e novice a ccord­in gl y .

DO YO U h ave a s peak e r you 'd like toimprov e ? P erhaps a speaker systemthat needs that little someth ing tomake it just right ? Maybe you'rethinking of getting rid of what youhave and want to s ta r t from scra tch. . . the right way this ti m e . Or, youcould be one of the great m anywhose taste is greater than th e cur­r ent budget will accommod ate . If so,you're wondering if there m ight besome way of starting a speaker sys­tem m od estly but. w ith an ultimateperformance goal in mind, buildin git up in rea sona b l y inexpens iv estages without waste a nd obsoles­cence .

Until r ecently, it had been n eces­s ary to comp ro m ise the associatedelectronic pr ogra m so urce eq ui pment(either by eliminating features andservices, o r b y a c c e p t i n g lowerpriced infer io r merchandise) in orderto reserve enough funds to purcha sea decen t speaker. P aradoxic ally , thetendency was to com p ro m is e at thee lectron ic en d.

This is no longer nece ssary. Ther ehave recentl y been developed designtechni ques en a b lin g the consumer tospend the bulk of the initial budgeton good program equipment-notm erely merchandise labeled " h i fi ,"but equipment which performs hi fi;

FIGURE A

The author of the for egoing article isdirector of sales and merchandising forUniversity Loudspeakers, Inc., WhitePlains, New York.

MARCH-APRIL, 1958 » 35

en t c r ossover to obtain the tonal qual­i ty best suited to the related com­po nents a nd yo u r per son a l taste. Fig­u r e D ill us tr a tes a system in whichthe woofer and tweeter are theoriginal elements (complete with net­work) and additional midrange isintroduced in order to give the sys­t em more "presence." By adding thela r ger tweeter with lower horn cut­off frequency, it is operated as amidrange speaker. Together with itsadjustable associated network it maybe set for a most pleasing over-alltonal balance.

However, if you are starting from"scratch" and cost is a factor , youhave two alternatives. If you wantto begin with the minimum, get agood but reasonably priced wide­range speaker. Spend the rest of yourmoney on the best ·electronic andprogram source equipment you c a nafford . La ter , add a tweeter with anadjustable crossover network , andstill later a midrange speaker witha suitable adjustable network.

There are networks available thatare not only adjustable in crossoverfrequency and impedance match, butmay also be used as 2-way networks,and as 3-way networks when in com­bination. If you are able to start witha good but reasonably priced 2-waysystem and have intentions of mak­ing further improvements in time,you might begin with an adjustableresponse 12" woofer, adjustable net­work and tweeter. Later you can addthe midrange (or vice versa) to­gether with its adjustable network.An adjustable response woofer inthis case is ideal for such proceduresince it adapts itself so well tochanges in application and circuitmodification. Figure D shows such asystem.

Finally, no one likes the idea ofthrowing away a usable article. So,whatever speakers you finally decideupon, select components that offerthe greatest versatility of applica­tion and flexibility of operation. Inthis way, as personal listening t astesdevelop and possibly change, or r oomacoustics are altered in the home,you will at least be r easonably as­sured that the system can be re­adjusted or further improved to meetthe new operating c ond iti on s.

In keeping with the philosophy ofdesigning speakers permitting pro­gressive expansion, enclosures areavailable , designed and built to ac­commodate as m any varia tions ofspeaker combinations a s are prac­tically possible . This helps matterscon siderably in vi ew of the h igh costof fine wood. So, Mr. and Mrs. Audio­phile, be sure to ask th e right ques­tions when you go shopping for thatwell-deserved hi-fi s y s t e m . Makeeach penny count and waste non e ofthem . . . it's not as diffi cult a ssome would have you believe.

,,, AfW~LI"11I

• "/VMS

FIGU RE 0

woofer, perhaps one with adjustableimpedance voice coil to match the8-, or 16-ohm speakers with which itis used and which will also enableyou to divide the power from theamplifier among the various speak­ers. Figure C shows such an ar­rangement, complete with a networkwhich is also adjustable for differ-

FIGURE C

th ose of the cone speaker for mostplea s ing over-all tonal quality. L ate ron, more " presence" can be addedto the system by a ddition of a "mid­range" horn/driver unit combinationspeaker, as s hown in Figure B . Thein cr ea se in efficiency of the middleregister tones brought about in thismanner will serve to make the soundreproduced in the room seem asthough it or i gin a tes in the roomrather than from a loudspeaker be­hind a grille cloth in a cabinet.

Now let us say you have a 2-waysystem or perhaps a 2-way "coaxial" _wi th built-in tweeter. If it's bassyou're lacking you could either adda woofer (the adjustable responsetype) or you can employ the presentwoofer (especially if it's a 12" job)as a midrange unit by boxing it into help red u c e low-end response .Then add a good 15" theater type

TO AMPLIFIER8 OH MS

sponse) would improve performance.Figure A shows how a tw eeter canbe a d ded . The adjustable high passfilter in this case complete withbuilt-in "brilliance" balance control,can be set to start the tweeter atvarious frequencies from 1,250 to5,000 cycles. This enables you tomatch the tweeter characteristics to

FIGURE B

..

LET US assume you own a speaker­a fairly decent " ex t en ded " or "wide­range" type-and you've developedyour hi-fi listening taste to the pointwhere you feel more output at thehigh end (in level or frequency re-

so that whatever the brand of speakerselected, the program source will atleast be capable of the reproducer'sfull capabilities.

There are now available such itemsas dual im ped a n ce range woofers,adjustable response woofers, versa­tile tweeters and midrange speakers,and networks that are adjustable tomatch varying impedance, crossoverand rate of attenuation requirements .The pro s p e c ti v e purchaser canchoose to his heart's content from agreat selection of possible speakercombinations whic h m eet his budget,space and listening requirements .

Add this Back DoorPorch Shelf

PUT AI\' end to groping for your housekey while your arms a re laden withsacks of groceries . T h is handy backdoor utility shelf wi ll provid e a placeto put them while you u nl ock thedo or. Dozens of ot her us es will befound a round th e home for this ver­sati le a nd easily cons t r uced shelf.

MATERIALS L IST

4-- - - - 13'·-----

A 2- DIA GONAL BRACES

1 pc. 1116" x I" x I" aluminum angle,6 feet long

1 pc . Vs" x %" aluminum bar, 6 feetlong

1 pkg. VB" d ia. x o/s " alumin um rivets4 No. 10 screws or 3 / 16" toggle bolt s

CONSTRUCTION ANDINSTALL AT IO N

1. Cut 2 pieces of 1" x 1" a luminuma ng le 13" lon g . Measure back 2"on one end a nd cut one flange ofangle a t 45 degrees . Sa w out re­mainder of the fla nge and bendthe opposite flange down w a r d at45 degrees (Figure A). Cut otherend of angle at 45 degrees . Drill%" hole in notched and bent endand Vs" hole in other end as shown .

2. Cut s helf bars a s shown in FigureB, from the Vs " x %" a lu m inumbar. Cente r punch hole locationsa nd drill Vs " ho les.

------~~------ 14"18"

4-SHELF BAR SB------ 17 ~· ---------~

C 1- TOP FRAME OF SHELF

36 « WORKB ENCH

FORM RIVE TSG

The shelf may also be m ounted sothat it can be swung up out of theway w hen not in use . Sim pl y rivet orbolt a piece of Vs " x % " a lumin u mbar across the bottom (Figure M ) ,form the two " J" shaped supports,m ount hinges as s how n, provide asc reen ho ok and presto ! You have afo ld ing shelf.

,"X( ALUM .ANGLE

fxr ALUMINUM BAR

i'"x," ALUM INUM ANGLE

CENTER PUNCH HOLESFOR DRIL LING

SHELF ASSEMBLYH

a I "

E~ " AK' SHARP BENDSIN A Vi SE

I I

HOUSE --.J...... I ISTU D I I I ________

~I 1 .1" --==--

LONG . ... I 16 BOLT Q'J'J-SCREi IN . ~\

C . I -- W'

I~ .J I I K '

ATTACHING SHELVES

3. Cut 46" leng th of 1" x 1" a ngle .N otch out en ds a n d bend remam­ing flanges 90 deg r ees (F igure C) .

4. Cut "vees" (Figure D ).5. B en d to form to p frame of shelf

(Figure E). Center punch hole lo­cations and drill ¥S" ho les .

6. Attach s helf bars to the undersideof the top flange (Figure G ) usingVs " x 3fs " aluminum r ivets or %"No. 10 bolts.

7. Com pl ete ass e m b l y as shown inF igure H. Sh elf may be mount~d

by a ny of th e m e ans shown mFigures J , K , L or M.

SCREENHOOK~----1

-_~I -----/ ~ ISMAL L BUTT I I IOR STRAP I IHINGES I I I

MAR C H-AP R IL , 195 8 » 37

Inlays Beautify Wood Turnings

JAMES E. SEITZ

Inlays available in strip form make it easy for thewood turner to decorate such objects as lampbases and bowls.

PHOTOGRAPH l-Marking lines for the gr oove with a shorp ly-pointedpencil. The pencil is held aga inst the wood while it is revolving . O nlythe outs ide has been shaped.

PHOTOGRAPH 2-Groo ving be tween th e line s with the parting tool . Anarrow, squore -no sed chise l could be used also. This op er a tio n requ iresa high deg ree of accu ra cy.

38 ({ WORKBENCH

EVERY CRAFTSMAN on occasion needs to give his worksome form of decoration. The wood turner is no excep­tion but unlike others who often need extra tools andunusual abilities to decorate their work, he has for hisuse the process of inlaying, which requires only theordinary equipment and skill in wood turning.

To complete his work the wood turner is not placedin the position of the cabinetmaker, for example, whomust make use of the wood carver's special tools andskills to add decoration, nor is he like the finisher whoneeds the knack of an artist to paint an appropriate de­sign on his job. Yet the wood turner h as the satisfac­tion of knowing that by inlaying, his decoration can bemade permanent-not wearing away with time butla s ti ng as long as the project it beautifies.

Inlay ing is a rather easy a nd inexpensive means ofmaking attractive projects of otherwise plain woodwork .An inlay may cost only a few cents but when properlyapplied the beauty it affords should increase the valueof the complete work well beyond the cost of adding thedecoration. The author has more than doubled thesales value of wood turnings this way. To do similarlyyou may think that the touch of a master craftsmanis needed . Such skill is not necessarily required, how­ever, for even the beginning " la the hand" should ex­per ienc e little difficulty when following the necessaryproced ur es.

For doing this work, inlays may be had in strip form .These are flat woods all made standard in size to 1/20"thickness and 3-foot length but ranging in width fromabout Va " to 1". Different woods are built-up and gluedin ' these sizes to form multicolored bands of variousgeometric designs, from simple lines in some of thenarrow ones to more complex interlaced patterns inthe greater widths. All such inlays are for use on woodturnings where the surface is generally cylindrical inshape in a manner to be described in detail later. Lampbases, boxes , and bowls are examples of obj ects towhich they are applied.

INLAYS AS described here are available commercially.The several companies handling them publish pricecatalogues showing the strips in color with th e cost ofeach one as listed, apparently depending on its size andthe intricacy of its pattern. However, cost is not theonly consideration when buying them . How w ell theinlay is suited for the work needing decoration mustbe considered also.

Because the beauty of inlaid work depends on thefitn ess of the inlay for th e project, inlay strips mustbe selected with care. Generally speaking, those ofsubdued colors are for use on narrow surfaces, whilethe large areas are reserved for the vivid colors. Sinceinlays tend to draw attention from the complete design,select one that affords a pleasing effect with the projecton which it is to be used . While it is important that aninlay never be used to create gaudiness, it should not ,on the other hand, lack some contrast with the wood ofthe project. It is necessary for good design, therefore,that a dark wood such as walnut be given a light col­ored inlay. The li gh te r woods r equir e d a rk er strips.

STRIP CORRECTLYPLACED IN THE 'OPTICAL CE.NTER

ti--,)--~ .._-- - ..: :.: . -_-::._--.- I

INLAY STRIP ON A BOWL

OF BALANCE .

LOCATION OF AN

TO SATISFY THE PRINCIPLE.

FIGURE A

STRIP TOO LOWAND TOO NEARTRUE CENTER

Wee"~)--~ -._ -_ _ .. . 0 __ -- -.. .._-_. : -- -- - I

PHOTOGRAPH 4- This beautifu l inla id bo wl serves well for holding fruitso r nu ts. Wh en not be ing used for this p urpose it makes an a tt rac tivecenterpiece.

PHO TOGRAPH 3-Ben d ing th e inla y in place a fter gl ue was app lied tothe groove . A ba nd of inner tube is used 10 hol d the strip in place untilth e glu e se ts.

Keeping these rules in mind will help assure best re­sults when decorating wood turnings .

In addition to cost and suitability , there are two otherconsiderations when purchasing the strips. For onething, it is not advisable to k eep in lays for great lengthsbecause they may become diff icult to use due to damp­ening and drying out thr ough an ex tended period ofstorage. This could be the r esult of buyi n g too manyat one time. On the other hand there is a saving ofcost and time by buying in groups of six or so com­pared to buying that many one-at-a-time . What to buythen is a matter requiring knowledge of the differentprojects to be inlaid. It becomes necessary to plan "ahead in this respect.

WHEN INLAYING the strips the procedure is very muchthe same regardless of the wood tu rning. It can be saidwith certainty that the rules of desi gn and processesinvolved in adding the decoration to one tu rned p r oj ectapply to others made similarly. T o illustrate, steps inin laying a bowl are given.

Begin the bowl by turning only the outside to shapebefore doing the inlaying. This is important. First ofall, a bowl is no longer perfectly round when shapedinside and outside. This warping, howev er slight, isdue to stresses within the wood as the fibers are cutwhile making the side thin. The result is th a t a groovefor the inlay cannot be made to uniform depth. Byleaving the inside unshaped the grooving can be doneproperly . Any warping that results while the bowl iscompleted will do no harm if the inlaying has beendone before.

After the outside has been shaped, begin the in lay­ing by first marking two lines on the wood (Photograph1). D r a w the lines on the periphery of the wood at aposition above true center. The correct pos ition is atthe visual or optical center which satisfies th e a rtist'srule of balance (Figure A) . At this place the wood m ustbe flat , or nearly so , because inlay strips cannot beset in surfaces which taper greatly. When drawing thelines , space them a distance apart that is equal t othe width of the strip selected . These lines serve as aguide while turning the groove (Photograph 2) .

With a wood-turning chisel make the groove in de pthequal to or slightly less than the thickness of the in layand in width no greater than necessary to receive thes trip. Dur in g this operation use the inl a y strip to checkthe accuracy. If the groove is made too large, turn thesurface smooth and attempt the operation once again .A correctly made groove will a llow the inlay t o belevel or else extended a bit above the surface whenput in place. This way a little sanding is r equired later.

Do the r est of the in laying with the kind of careneeded when making the groove fi t for the inlay. Pre­pare the inlay strip for curving by d a m pen in g it withwater. Then s et the strip in the groove and cut it tolength. Make certain that the ends meet squarely . N ex t ,remove the strip while applying wood glue. By puttingan ample amount in the groove none need be brushedon the strip. Now set the strip in place again (Photo­graph 3) . As the glue is hardening, clamp the strip inplace with a band of rubber inner tube .

It is necessary to emphasize here tha t for the bend­ing operation the inlay should be made on ly slightlydamp because glue will lose strength on a surface madetoo wet. Due to the uncertainty of the amount to apply,the wood turner may choose a second way of settingthe strip. This way the strip is left unmoistened andglue is a p pl ied to its underside before bending. Theinlaying is continued as before but more care is neededwhile handling the strip treated in this manner. Equallysucc es s ful results can be obtained with the two methods.

To finish the process. allow the glue to h a r d en . Thencomplete the bowl by turning the inside to shane andsanding the exposed surfaces. Now the in laid bowl(Photograph 4) may be given a coa ting like any ot herwood turning but if it is to be used for something morethan decoration , a nontoxic substance should be a p­plied. Ol iv e oi l, minera l oil, and spar varnish are ex­amples of such.

MAR C H · APR u , 195 B » 39

Reproduce this Early American piece whichis as practical as it is attract ive.

ASea Captain's Deskthat FITS on LAND

DESK to p lifts to p rovide stora ge fo r pe ns andstation ery; shelves are ha ndy for reference boo ks.

MATERIALS LIST

ROBERTA L. FAIRALL The desk cuts from pine surfaced stock, 17 linea l feet of 1x12-inchmaterial for members A, B, K, L , N, Q; 15 feet of 1x 10-inch materialfor members F, G, S, H, M ; and 27 feet of 1x3-inch material for mem­bers C, D , E, F, J , 0, P, R, and T as follows:

1.1.1. I~

~ I~

I~ :3L EAT S "- -- iiii-ii - - I!!lI-

~ -I" So..UAR ES I~

II~ IrJ 0::

S I DES A ez:i

~ -c~

a:

!1:1!! !!II

"1.1IIl'1.i

~

I~ lJ... 1!l/)w

I~ rJ :;- -- - - - - - - - - rJ wI

I

~ l/)

~

PATTERNS for side s, ra iling, cle ats and she lves.

40 « W 0 R K BEN C H

Item No. Rqd.

A 2B 2C 4D 2E 1F 2G 2H 1I 3J 2K 2L 2M 1N 1

° 1P 1Q 1R 1S 2T 2

Miscellaneous :

Description Size

Sides (scroll-sawed section) %" x 11 V2" x 24%"Sides (back section) %" x 11Vz" x 24%"Sid e Cleats (top and bottom) %" x 2%" x 22%"Sid e Shelf Cleats %" x 2%" x 9112"Apron %" x 2%" x 21Vz"Shelves % " x 9 V2" x 23"Back (outside boards) %" x 9 V2" x 24%"B a ck (middle board) %" x 4" x 24%"B a ck Cleats %" x 2%" X 2P/2"Baseboard %" x 2%" x 23"Bottom of desk compartment % " x 1P/2" x 26"Compartment Sides %" x 5" x 22%"Compartment Front %" x 3!}1r," x 23"Compartment Back % " x 5" x 23"Partition (long) % " x 2%" x 20%"Partition (short) % " x 2%" x 6"Top (back strip) %" x 5" x 26"Railing %" x 2%" x 26"Desk Top %" x 9Vz" x 26"Cleats for desk top %" x 2%" x 14"

2 forged iron hinges with a Ph" joint.2 doz. Vz" , 3-prong furniture glides.2" and 1%" No.8 flathead wood screws.Finishing nails .White liquid resin glue.Wood filler.Exterior spar varnish.

EXPLODED DRAWING reveals assembly details. All jain ts are set in gl ue.

THE CAPTAIN'S desk comes ashore topr ovide a pl e a s a n t place to write orstudy. In t e r es t in g d esign makes it ana p p e alin g com panion for EarlyAmer ica n furnishings and small s izepromises a w elcom e in the little a p­partrn ent , co t t a ge or student 's ro om.

You can build on e in a short timewith only hand tools and well sea­son ed Douglas fir l-Inch surfacedsolid stock. Make full-size paper pat­terns e n I a r g e d from the squareddrawing for con t 0 u r piece s, thentrace around them on the lumber.Layout the r emaining m embers.saw out and smooth up all partswith sandpaper: label pieces. andmark position of joints. Bor e shankand countersink holes for screws.

Follow assem b ly d e t ails in the ex­pl od ed drawin g. F or easy an d st ro ngjointing , firs t s ta r t in a cou ple ofshort fini shin g nails , next coa t bothsurfa ces w it h g lue a nd drive in thefinishing n ails to hold glue underpressur e whil e you drill short pilotho les th rough previously bored shankhol es a nd turn in the sc r ews. Thism ethod allows work to progress rap­idly since no cl amping or waitingfor glue to dry is involved . A screw­driver b it to fit a brace is helpfulin driving the many screws neces­sary.

THESE ARE th e construction steps:

1. Edge- glue sides A-B and jo in to­gether with cleats C.

2. J oin shelf c leats D to si des andnail a p ro n E b e tw een cleats C.

3. Join s h el v es F to cleats.

4. Edge-gl u e b a ck boards G-H andjoin them tog e th e r with cleats 1. Besure the cleat I' is positioned accu­rately so it will fit under shelf F ' .

5. Set b a ck sec tion in place anddrive scr ews thr ou gh s ide s andthrough the b a ck into shelves .

6. J oin baseboar ds J .

7. As s em bl e s ides of compartmentL , b a ck and fron t M-N; th en joinb ottom boards K , a n d set in p a rti­tions O-P.

8. J oin back s t r ip of top Q to rail­in g R with screws turned in under­neath Q . Attach to si des and backflush a t back .

9. P osition com p a r tm en t over d esksi des flu sh at the b a ck a n d join w ithscrews turned thr ou gh K into clea tsC and 1.

10. Cl e at desk top and hinge inplace.

11. R ound off all sharp edges andpoints w it h san d p a pe r . Tack chairglides over exposed screwheads onthe outside of the desk to give adecorative dow eled-j oin t appearance.Cover those on shelves and insideclea ts with wood fille r.

F in ish with either a very lightbrown s tain which has been wipedoff a fter a pplication or in the natural

color of the w ood . Enamel the chairg lides light brown. Ena m el m a y bemixed by a dding a littl e tube oilco lor to s par varnish. Sta in may bem ixed by adding the same tube oilco lo r or enamel to a lot of turpentine .

:}4SOLIDSTOCK

F in ally , g ive t he pi ec e tw o a ll-overcoa ts of exter ior spar va rn ish an ddull the s h ine to a so. t g loss byr ubbing No. 4 /0 steel w ool with thegr a in . Br ing up a soft luster withp aste wax.

MARCH -APRIL, 1958 » 41

Wrenches Work BetterMORTON J. SCHULTZ

Look after your wrenches andthey 'll do you a good turn whenyou need it.

SOME TOO LS are more del icate in ap­pearance a nd more precise in t hei raction than ot h e rs, but a ll requireproper care-even a s s olid a lo okingtool as a w rench. Im pr op e r care ,usi ng the wrong tool fo r a job, a ndnot repairing m in or d amag e w h ileit is minor are thin gs that s end a nyonce-useful tool to th e scrap heap.

Depending on th e nature and ex­tent of your wor k, yo u m a y h a v e aset of open-end wrenches, various­sized adjustable a nd p ipe w r enches,and, if you putter aroun d w ith yourcar, a se t of bo x w renches.

To keep a wrench free of rust ,a nd to keep its j aws from b eingsc a r r ed or n icked by dir t part icl esand meta l s livers, a w rench shouldbe cleaned a fter you use it afew times .

F ir st, was h gr ea se , d ir t a nd metalbi ts from the wren ch 's body a nd jawsw ith a cleaning sol vent. Wip e it d r yw ith a clean cloth .

Scour off a ny rust wit h a piece ofs teel wool or a c ro cus cloth. Put aligh t coa t of pr eservative oil on thos ea reas that h a ve a tendency to rust.

CLEAN METAL CHIPS from the jaw serrations ofpipe and box wrenches with a wire brush or apiece of flo liened wire.

42 « WORKBENCH

LUBRICATE the slide and wo rm of pi pe andadjustable wre nches with a d rop or two of oil.

As soon as yo u no tice a wrench isdamaged, r epa ir it before the d a m­age gets so bad, the wrench becomesu sel ess. Here 's h ow :

IF AN O PEN-END o r adjustab le wre nch ha sballered, nicked o r spread jaws , grind or fi lethe jaw s perfe ctly flat and parallel. Enlargeope n-e nd wrenches to the next stan dard size .For exa mple, a battered %" wrench can bemod e a usef ul %" wrench.

To k eep the temper of the to olwhen r epa irin g it by grin di ng, d ipthe w rench fr equently into a panof water .

WORN JAW SERRATIONS of pipe and bo xwrenches can be mod e servi ceable again byca re fully dee pening the low points between ser ­rations with a fine three-co rnered or tape redfile .

Too m uch free play in the a djus t­ing worm of adjustable and p ipewrenches can be el im in a ted like this :

REMOVE THE SCREW wh ich act s a s the wormaxl e from th e wrench, and lift ou t the wo rmand wor m spring.

with Care

PUT THE SPRING ba ck inta the cupped end afthe wa rm and put the warm back inta thewre nch . Tighten the wa rm a xle screw.

USING A PUNCH , strike the screw a sharp blawta lock it in place.

Avoiding certain "taboos" can saveyou repair problems, money for newtools and personal injury. H ere aresome of the pitfalls to watch for:

NEVER PUSH on a wrench- it's " knuckle-be nq­ing " dangerous.

ALWAYS PLACE your wrench so you can tightenby pulling.

A WRENCH that doesn 't fit the nut o r bolt cancause the wrench 's jaws to sp rea d. It alsabatlers the nut or bolt.

ALWAYS USE the co rrec t-sizad wre nch - it sho uldfit the nut or bolt snugly.

N ever strike the h a ndle of yo urwrench w ith a hammer or anythingha rder than the palm of your h a nd­if you don ' t want a broken wrench.

If you can't gain enough leverageto loos en a nut or a bolt, try awrench wi th a longer handle .

NEVER TURN adjustable wrenches so th e pulli nllfo rce is placed on th e adjusting jaw . The wren chcould slip or its jaw s co uld buc kle .

PULLING FORCE should always be rece ived bythe stationary jaw .

MARCH-APRil, 1958 » 43

CLOTHES Y ALETHUGH F. WILLIAMSON

This rack will make it easier for the man of thehouse to get dressed in the morning.

It ~ 1-/~

" "\ \

'fl~j,V

""-."\ ~

.'!.1

The va let in use.

44 « W O RK B EN C H

Comple ted va let.

THIS CLOTHES valet is easily made with hand or powertools in a few evenings and it will give the owner a greatdeal of daily satisfaction in us e .

It helps do away with that frantic morning rush whenthe often sleepy-eyed riser is faced with such problemsas what tie to wear with what shirt. If he is the planning­ahead type, he can layout his complete wardrobe thenight before, then sleep blissfully with at least oneproblem off his mind. This wooden valet is the nextbest thing to a human one.

An y article of clothing may be placed or removedfr om the valet without disturbing the other clothes.You will find a place for your coat, hat, shirt, trousers(two pairs) , shoes (two pairs), tie, tie clip and cuff links.

T he en cl osed sketch and photographs are self-explana­tory . Doweling can be substituted for the turned trouserrods if de s ired . The type of wood and finish is a matterof individual taste . All joints are secured by glue andwood screws . The dowel joints are glued in place andlocked with a single finishing nail.

COAT ~ACK ClITFKO!1 2. X4 .-~ "HOLE DRILLEDr /)EEP INCENTER 0':,OP TOACCOMI100ATEOOWEL .

% "}(.4 "/{ECESSI ,.PEEP CurWITH CHISEL INCE/(T£~ OFFRoNT SU/?FAcE

ENDVIEW

FEET- TJIIo{2JCLlT FKOI12"X4-"X IB" . NorclI curIN TOP (-u."x6':) E/ BOTTOM

~/'f"X4·)TO ACCOMMOtJATECROSS 80ARPS.'TWO (1)I"/IOLES ORILLEP IN

ENOS FORPOWELING

--------t TO" CRI).rS BOARO -

~ II X , " X / 8 " . CUT

our MAPE IN CENTERTO ACCOH MOOA TC eosr:F45rENEO ro FEETWITH GLVE!Y SCREws.

Ift "x I"HOLE /)RILLEDS " FROI1 TOP TOACCOHHO/JATE ROOFOR PANTS. GlUEROO IN HOLE

J POST- " "cor2"X'" X51­DOWN ~£NT£R

PANTS I?LJL>.rr''rr'1:::::::===::::lO-t Ttll?NEP FROM

L...-+-++-----,'-----~:; OPPOSITE }/AL~Y.z '~ / "HOL~ OF RIPPED 2 "x4 "/)I?ILLEJ) II" FROM OF I'P$T.TOP ON OPPOSITE ENO T{/RN EO TOSIDE FROM A&JV£ rrr fL "x I" HOLG"FO!? SECOND PANTS TVRN TWO (2.)RoO.

FURNITURE GLIDE u·(2.) ON EAeN r oar I

cs oss SUPPoRT-%. "X4"TAPEREOTo .3" A T SMALLEN/). 7" t.ONt:.fASTENEP TO80111 COAT A#PSIIIRT R,4t-~.s WITHt:LVE ANP SCREIt'STIIKOVGH RACK

POWELINGTWO (,z) PI EeESI "X/8" (!,LUEf)INTO FEET

SHIRT RACK ~CUT FKOI'1 ~"x'3" x IS "8oARt:>.SCKEWEO ~ (JLVED 1....:.....-__

TO ~ROSS SUPPORT

FRONT VIEW..----/'''----i

ACCESSO/CY KA CK I-__~~CUT FROM -%." x5"X," BOARO.HOi.LOWEO oorON TOP SV~FAC£

TO NOLO TIE ~IP,E TC. FA 5 rEN£OTO POS T WITHBt.U£ 17 $C REWS,

BoTTOI1 C.ROS~

BOARD. %,"" 4·1./8". DRILL/lOLE IN (!£NT£R.TO ACtOHt'!OOATELAR~£ S~EW

TO SECUREPo 5!- FASTENTo FEET WITH

dLUE &- SCREWS.

MA RCH-APRIL, 19 58 )} 45

Tuck Pointing PreventsBrick Deterioration

MORTON J. SCHULTZ

The wise householder will make an annual inspection of brickworkto see if the joints need tuck pointing.

PHOTOGRAPH I -Tap away all loos e mortar. Ne ve r lay he a vy with the hamme r-you couldd islodge soli d mortar and damage th e br ick. Remove only tha t mortar which can be lappedaway or pried away with you r fingers .

46 c WORKBENCH

PHOTOGRAPH 2- W it h a brush, dust out allparticles of loose mortar.

AS SPRING or fall comes around, home­owners who have any brickwork ontheir houses should keep two wordsin mind-tuck pointing. This simpleprocess of reconditioning the jointsbetween bricks could mean the pre­vention of future trouble .

The first sign that a joint needs re­pairing is the appearance of one ormore hairline cracks where the mor­tar has pulled away from a brick.If the weakening of the mortar hasgone far enough. a frostlike deposit,called efflorescence, usually appearson the face of the brick. This accum­ulation of soluble salts is washed outof the br icks and mortar when wateren te r s th e cracks. As the final de­teriorating step, the bricks loosen upa nd lose their waterproof qualities,and the interior walls of your homecan start leaking.

To avoid this , you should inspectbrickwork annually and apply tuckpointing where needed. The materi­als and tools you ' ll need are:

1. Hammer or mallet, and a coldchisel, pick or old screwdriver. Theseare used to remove loose mortararound the brick.

2. A mortar-mix . You can useeither ready-mix mortar, or you canmix it your self . To make your own,m ix one part of Portland cement, sixparts of sand . one part of hydrate dlime a nd water.

3. A pointed trowel to apply themortar. An y size trowel is suitableas long as you can handle it easily.

The accom p a n y i n g photographsshow you how to tuck point.

PHOTOGRAP H 3 - Wet the cavity and surround.ing area with wate r, a s d ry b rick a bsar bsmoi stur e from fresh morta r and p rev en ts themor ta r fr o m co ngea ling and a dherin g pr operly.

MAR C H · AP R I L. 1 958 » 47

~H010GRAPH 4-With the trowel. a pply somemortar to the cavi ty, filling it until the mor taris flush with the br ick. Work with a sma ll amountof morta r a t a time , so you won 't smear theface of the brick.

PHOTOGRAPH 5-Wait a few minutes a nd thenpress the trowel aga inst the Fresh ly-rnerto redjoint . Now move the tool across the surfoce­first ver tically, and then horizontally-to smoothout the job .

PHOTOG RAPH 6-11 efflorescence is apparent,clean it off by scrubbing the brick with a mix­ture of one part of muriatic acid to 10 po rtsof wate r. Better wea r rubber gl oves . In ca seyou should get any of the acid an your skin,flush it away with plenty of cold water.

48 « W 0 RK 8 ENe H

Wall Finishes

for Concrete MasonryEVERYTHING lor ENAMELING

N. M. PITTMANLOW COST KILN

.• . fo r b e g in n e r o r prof es si o nal. Fire s piece s upto 43/8" diameter and 11/2" high. It rea chesenameling te mperature qu ickl y and m ai nt ain sit con stantly . All pa rts are easily re placed atnom inal cost .

ENAMELSCom plete line of enamel colors incl ud ing o pa l­

esce n ts .

MAKE $25 TO $50 A WEEKCLIPPING NEWSPAPER ITEMS!

Dept. WB·1D1Chicago, Illinois

ALL OF THEMEVEN

PICTURE TUBE

. . . plu g in to any homeoutle t - c harges and b oo s t sbot h 6 & 1 2v, avo ids freez­ing , ca n -t o vor c na rrr e. K eep !'>b a tte r y u p d u ri n g tnrreoueutuse . W o n ' t b low nouseho t.tfu s e . Trouhle li gh t flashes.....nrn lnR" if incorrec t Iv h o ok (.· , tUP. Battery s tays new. saveson c harg ing cos ts . Switchfr o m 0 t o 1 2 v with setectorbutton. Le s R lhn n 4 " senrare ,

$ 995each Fully g -ua ean t eed , Or d er E-Z

Cbarae r- b v m all _ w e navprepaid p osta e e . D e ale r In qu i ri e s

invited ,

B. BARFIELD, 6552 N. Glenwood, Chicago 26

KEEP AUTO BATTERY ATFULL CHARGE

)fake money e,·en ln l"lI In spa re time at home. cli p­pine wanted i t ems fr om you r newspaper for ourpublications. Xo expeeten ee or In ves t men t required.Simply eut ou t the rJl'ht Item with a pair of shean.send It off t o the addreun we tell )'oa about-andfo r a li ttle th in e lik e that (and that OSLV ) . m anyfirms listed la ou r Instruction Manual will pal' upto 15 EACH for an acceptable dlppln.. Send yourn ame t od ay f o r FREE detail s . So obll .. &'Uon.S ATIOSAL. Dept . 81- W R . Knickerbocker StatioI'

Sew York 2. S . Y.

GEIGER ENGINEERING CORP.3738 West lawrence Ave.

METALSAll shap es and sizes in co p p e r a nd the newsilver plated st eel which req u ires n o p re-dean ­ing.

FINDINGSFor cuff links, ea r r ings , b ro o che s, e tc ., and alltypes of chain in co p p er a nd b ra ss .

ILLUSTRATED CATALOGWrite for your copy o f our new cata log ill us­trating our complete li ne . Include s he lpfu l hi n t sand projects on ena m e lin g.

Dept. PH

New by ThompsonENAMEL GLAZE PAINTSA su pe rio r deco rating mediu m f o r pain tingd e s igns o ve r e na mel bose coats. Su p p li e din klts" an d bu lk fo rm .

ThomasC.ThompsonCO.1S39 Deerf i.ld Rood · Highland Par •• III.

Ne a r-tv h alf of T V se r v ice ca lls m ad e are due to b r okenor d efe c ti v e lube fil a m e nts . Tester shows w he t her t u b efil a m e nts a r e good. N o need to s pen d money on serviceca rts. J us t Insert tube In t e ster . P il ot li ght ind ica tes ift u b e is tun-nee! out. Easv . safe t o u s e . One serv ic e ca tts a ve d p ays for tester. Ru g g ed met a l case (not p lastic ).AC or DC. Ch ecks fu s e s . app li ances. etc . On lv $:l . flap ostpaid. or C .O .D . plus c harges . D e-Lu x e Mode l $4 .05.t na rr u c t to ne . s -vea r Guarantee .

Resin-Emulsion paints are m ade ofpi g m en ts ground in a vehicle of oil­exten ded r esin which has been treat­ed with a n emulsifying agen t a llow­ing it to mix with water . This pain t iseasily applied with brush or s p rayand' dries within a few h ours t o asmooth, opaq ue, flat finish . Walls arenot wet d own either before or afterpaintin g. T h is type of p a int n orm a llyweathers by chalk ing , and h as con­si derable e lasticity. H owev er, ex ­cessive moistu re or a lkali ne salt so ­luti on s for m ing back of the film maycause bl is t e r ing . Walls shoul d beaged three w eeks before a pplyingr e s in- em u ls ion paints, which u suallycome in p a ste form, thinned to brush­ing consistency with water.

Oil-Base paints are us u ally ready­mixed, and conta in opaque pigmentss uspended in drying oils and thinner .Oil-ba s e d paints designed for use onconcrete masonry are usually madeso tha t th e first coat seals the s ur­face s ufficiently to prev ent "spot­ting" of the second coat. Tw o coats,as a general rule, are necessary forgood hiding power . Application of oil­based paints to damp s urfaces isnot recommended.

Synthetic Rubber paints are of tw otypes : 1. T h e r ubber-solu tion type ,in w hich t h e synthetic r ubber is add­ed to a vehicle of drying oi ls , hydro­carbons , a n d coal tar thinn ers. 2.The rubber-em ulsion type, in whichth e synthet ic r ubber is trea ted w itha n emulsifying age nt so that th ep aste p ain t can be th inne d w ith wa­ter. As these paints usua ll y containles s p igment th a n many other ex­terior finishes, th ey a re mainlyus e d on interior walls . However , atwo-coa t a pplication makes a goodex te r ior finish . Rubb er -b a sed paintsare us ed ex tensively for interiorw a lls b ecaus e of their a b il it y to with­s tand r epeated was h ings witho utharm to ei ther a d hesion or cohesionof the paint film .

Silicone Sealers provide a water­r epellent seal that g ives go od pro­t ection, y et r etains the original colorand texture of th e m a sonry walls.T he y s hou ld not b e a p p lie d ov e r oilor resin-base coat in gs , but can beused ov e r cement-base paints . Ca nbe brushed or sprayed .

THERE ARE two principal reasons forapplying surface treatment to co n­crete masonry walls : 1. To enhancea p pe a r a n c e with a colorful finish . 2.T o h elp m ake the masonry units a n dthe mortar joints on exterior sur ­faces weathertight.

In painting exterior surfaces forprotection against moisture penet r a­tion, the paint should be applied toform a continuous film, with no pi n ­holes or openings that w ill permitp enetration of moisture . T here arenow available many finishes madeespecially for concrete masonry .These s pecia l paints can be obtainedin a varied array of color s as wellas clear finish es for both exteriorand interior w alls . The choice offinish depends upon the type of struc­ture, the climatic con d iti on s to whichwalls will be exposed, the appear­ance d es ired, and whether for in­terior or ex ter ior walls .

F ive types of concrete masonryfinishes are listed below, with somecomments on strong points and limi­tations of each. Check with yo ur lo caldealer for detailed local p roblems.

Cement-Water paints are water­dilutable paints with a binder ofP ortla nd cement which should not beless than 65 per cent by weig h t ofto tal paint. These paints are especial­ly suited to concrete masonry wallsthat are damp at the time of p ain t­ing or are subject to dampness. Atypical cement-water paint film ishard, strong a nd relatively b r ittl e .Cement-water paint possesses gooddecorative qualities, good hidingpower and c olor , and excellent dura­bility . Addition of fine sand in primercoat h elps conceal d efects and fillstexture. M ethod of applying and cu r ­ing and conditions u n d er which paint­ing are done a r e v ery important.For exterior a p p lica t ion , the foll ow­ing steps a re recommended. Wallm ust b e dampened prior to a p p lyi n ge a ch coat. P a in t is a p plied w ith ashort, stiff-b r istled brush, and p aintis scru bbed into s u rfa ce, s ta rtin gwith j oints . Seal c oa t should b e k eptm ois t with fog sp r a y for 12 hours,and at lea st 48 hours f or finish co a t.Portland cement paints are w idelyused for both interior a nd ex teriormasonry surfaces.

MA RC H • APR Il , 1 9 5 B » 49

Advice to apply to appliances

Part VI: Bulbs, Lamps, and Fixtures

J. J. LIGHTER

FIGURE I -Electrical symbol for a bu lb.

FIGURE 2-Edison (sta nd a rd) base bulb.

FIGURE 3-Mogul (large) bo se bulb.

50 « WOR KBENCH

YOU MAY contend that bulbs , lampsand fixtures a r e not a c tua lly appli­ances. A moment of reflection, how­ever, will reveal that bulbs a ndlamps of one type or another oftenare part of appliance circuits . Vari­ous lighting fixtures, of course, areactually more of a necessity thanmany of the' so called "essential "appliances .

At this point the more precisereader will detect a ne ed for es t a b­lishing definitions . Wh at is the dif­ference, for e x amp I e, between alight , a lamp, a bulb, a f ix ture, etc?Technical cor rectn ess a nd commonpublic us age are often at logger­heads about many terms. Illustra­tion : The powerplant under the h oodof an a utom obile is a ctually a n en­gine but even the men who workon th em-from the on e-pump gasstation up to the motor car com­panies themselves - use the termm otor very liberally .

With the devic es whose purpos e itis to emit light we a lso f ind a con­fli ct between word usage and fact.The philosophers , in thei r w isdom,never solve an y problem com ple telyand th ereby do not wor k themselvesout of a job. F ollowing thi s sage a d­v ice we shall se t up d efinitions forpu rposes of this s er ies but th ey aren ot gu aranteed to solve the ent irep r oblem for all eternity .

Let us consider a s bulbs thoseb ulbous or tube shaped ar ti cles tha tare a ctu a lly designed to em it li ghta nd s cr ew, snap , or twist into asocke t of so me type. As lamps let usm ean th e bulb plus th e socke t, switc h ,d ecorative hardw a r e a nd fastenersor s tand r equired to m ake up a n il­lu m in ating device which is not per­manently wired to an interior outletbox in th e house or n ot permanentl yaffi xed in one location . In this ca te ­go ry, th en. would be desk la mps ,floor lamps. and p in- up lam ps.

This , by default, a llows fixtures tomea n th ose complete illuminating d e­vi ces wh ich a re permanently fas t­ened a nd wired. Incl ud ed as f ixtur eswo uld be r ecessed lights as well asmany indoor a nd outdoor non r e­cessed types .

Do not los e s ig ht of th e fac t thatthese definition s were set up for thi sser ies of a r ticles to enable us tobring some order out of the chaosof co nf used us a ge prev al ent today.It is hi ghly im pr oba ble that we cang et 100 per cent co-opera t ion fromthe rest of the inhabitants of this

sphere as regards this usage . Do not,therefore, be startled by disputesfrom these n on con for m is ts .

BULBSEVEN IF we restrict th e discussion ofbulbs to those in common householdus e we still have a surprising va­riety of s izes, shapes, base types ,voltages, wattages , etc . The elec­trical symbol for a common bulb isshown in Figure 1. The symbol issimplicity itself and allows one toassume that a bulb must consist atleast of two contact points (termi­nals ) each connected to one- end ofa filament . This is, of cou r se, trueand the next step is to s ee just whatform the se simple e lements maytake. Some bulb categories will beom itted in this s ec ti on as they a r eless frequently us ed .

The most commonly used bulbbase-as far as the average WORK­BENCHER is concerned-is the Edisonor standard base . As Figure 2 shows,this is a screw base bulb a nd theglass envelo pe usually t akes theshape shown. The base is approxi­mately one inch in di ameter withthe threaded portion forming one ofthe elec trical te r min a ls a nd the cen­ter conta ct forming th e othe r . Bulbswith this type of ba se a r e usuallyavaila ble in 15, 25, 40, 60, 75, 100, a nd150-watt s izes .

Mogul base bulbs have a 1%-inchdi a m eter ba s e . The shape of thegl a s s envelope is a lso slightly differ­ent in that there is a m ore pro­nounced neck portion , F igure 3.

The r e gular Edison ba se is avail­able w ith-and the Mogul ba se isprim arily d esigned for-bu lbs wi ththree-w a y filaments . A three-waybulb is so ca ll ed bec ause th ree lev elsof illumination m a y be obta ined fro mit . D epend in g upon the switch posi­tio n one co u ld sel ect , for example,50 watts, 100 watts , or 150 watts.Although there a re exceptions it hasgenerally been the pra c ti ce to useEdison base three-w ay bulbs for upto ' 150 watts a n d Mogul base bu lbsfor w atta ges up to 300. T he Mogulba s e three-w ay bulb sees cons ide r­able se rvice in larger floor lampswhere higher wattage co m bi natio nssuch as 100, 200, and 300 w atts aredesired. Mogul base bulbs , how ever ,are ava ilable in 50, 100, a nd 150 wattcombinations. Common Edison basethr e-e-w ay wattage combinations are30, 70, 100; 50, 100, 150; there aresome combinations that have a max­imum of more than 150 watts.

Figure 4 shows the difference inthe b a se end view b etween a r egularbulb a nd a th r ee-w a y bulb . Exceptfor being la r g e r th an the Edisonthr e e-w a y ba se the Mogul three-wa ybase appears no d ifferent.

F igu r e 5 is a schem a tic drawing ofthe inside of a three-way bulb. Forpurpos es of explana tion this bulb isassu med to be a 50, 100, and 150 wattco m bi na tion . T he 50-w att filament isconn ected between the r ing a nd thes hell and the 100-w att fil ament isconnected between the center and theshell conta ct. When the three-waylight switch is first turned on itcauses current to fl ow between ther in g and the shell (through the 50­w a tt fil a ment), w hich gives the low­est level of illumin ation. When theswitch is turned to the s econd posi­tion it caus es current to flow betweenthe center contact and the shell(through the 100-watt filament),which is the middle level of illumi­nation. Turning the switch to itsthird position causes current to flowbetween the ring and th e shell andalso betwe en th e center contact andthe shell (through both the 50-wattand the 100-watt fil aments ) for thehighest level of illumination. Thefourth or remaining switch positionis "off." It will be noticed that theshell is th e common terminal usedin all cases.

THE QUESTION so met i me s arises(among our more cautious brethrenwho have learned not to experimentwith electricity) as to what willhappen if a regular one-way bulbis used in a three-way socket or athree-way bulb in a one-way socket.You n eed not be without light forwant only of a three-way bulb. Whena one-way bulb is put in a three-waysocket it will work-not, however, inall positions. It cannot work in thefirst switch position because this in­volves a circuit between the ringand the shell and as may be seenfrom Figure 4 the one-way bulb hasno ring . It will work in the secondand third positions of the switch asea ch of these positions involves a

circuit between the center a nd theshell . Having a one-wattage fil a­ment, though , it can have but as ingle level of brightness in ei therposition. T he poss ib ili ty of h a vi n gdifferent illumina ti on levels lies inthe bulb a n d no t in the switch whichser ves merel y a s a selecti ng d evice.

A three-w a y bulb can be us ed in aon e-way socket p r ov id ed that th efilament which giv es th e med iu ma m oun t of light is good. A m od eratea m ount of .cog it a t ion reveals that thisis so because th e on ly c ircuit whichc an possibly wo r k in this type ofsocket is the one betw een the centera nd the shell. This w ill be true re­gardless of whether the other fila­ment is good or not. Temporary re­lief in mild cases of bulb-snatchingh as sometimes been had by using athree-way bulb in a on e-way socketwhen only its lower w attage elementwas burned out.

Another common screw base typeis known as candel abra. A popularbulb using this base is shown inFigure 6. This 7-watt type of bulbis used in some strings of Christmastree lamps and also in night lamps,grinder lights , etc ., (mfg. type C-7 l;2).

The last category of bulbs (accord ­ing to bases) that we shall conside rhere is the miniature bulbs. One wayof classifying base types is "screw"and " no-th r ea d. " Of the no -threadtypes the bayonet base shown inF igure 7 is very popular . In appli­ance work you will usually find , how­ever , that a bulb with a screw baseapproximately 7's inch in d ia m et e r isused. Figure 8 shows a type of min­iature bulb used as an indicator ina F r en ch-fr ye r circuit. This is a 1.2­volt (mfg. type 222) lens-end bulbwhich is also used in some smallpocket pen lights. The more faithfulamong yo u m ay remember that thesubject of indicati ng lights in appli­a nces was mentioned in the J uly­August, 1957, issue of WORKBENCHin the section on percolator ty pecoffeemakers. Min i a t u r e 110-voltbulbs are not commonly made; there­fore, existing lower voltage min­iature bulbs are a da pte d for use in

these appliances by the use of cir­cuits which properly limit the cur­rent flow through them .

BULB MARKINGSIN ADDITIO N to the words that a ppea ron the bulb en d, the r e should be a tleast two sets of figures of impor­tanc e : the voltage a nd the wattage.Most ligh t in g systems are 110-120volts . That is, the curr-ent is suppliedunder an elect r ical pressure of 110to 120 volts by the power company .Bulbs a re mad e , howe v er, for thefewer number of 220-240-volt circu itswhich r equir e bulbs. If a bulb d e­signed to ope ra te with a n elect rica lpressure of 110 vo lts were p la ced ina 220-volt circuit it w ould bu r n outbecause twice a s much current wou ldbe forced th rough it. If, on the othe rhand, a bulb designed to opera tewith an electrical pressure of 220volts was placed in a 110-volt circu itit would be at best rather dim b e­cause only one-half of the r equiredcurrent would be forced throu g h itby the lower voltage .

Have you ever asked friend w ifewhat size (meaning intensity of il­iumination) bulb it was that justburned out and had her reply,"There's a 120 v on h ere, do es thathelp? " Now let's not start any family

FIGURE 6-A popula r bu lb with a candelabraty pe ba se.

100 W ATT

F ILAMENT~

50 WATT

FILAMEN"/"C.ENTER CONTACT

TO S HE L L

TO CENTE R

ONE ·WAY BASE T HREE ·WIIY BASE

FIGURE 4-The base of 0 one-wa y bulb ha stwo po int s of e lectr ica l contact while the three­way has th ree.

FIGURE 5- This thr ee -way bulb filament wouldha ve a wattage com bin a t ion of 50, 100,and 150.

FIGURE 7-A ba yonet ba se bu lb .

MARCH-APRIL, 1958 l) 51

.,--- - - -FILAMENTS

FLUORESCENT BULBSTHUS FAR all of the bulbs that we havementioned have been of the incan­descent variety. This means thatthey produce light when their fila­ments reach a white heat. The fluo­rescent bulbs-which are either cir­cular (ex.: Circline type fixtures ) orstraight tubes work on an entirelydifferent principle.

Figure 10 shows the electrical cir­cuit of a fluorescent fixture. It maybe noted that while the bulb con­tains a filament, light is producedby current flowing through a gasinstead of heating a filament to whiteheat as is the case with th e incan­descent type. Although the initial costof fluorescent bulbs (commonlycalled tubes-but bulbs by our defi­nition) is higher than the incandes­cent they do have several advan­tages . They represent a closer ap­proach to actual daylight, producebetter illumination with a smallerpower consumption (lower wattagerating). and operate much coolerthan incandescent bulbs.

tance (opposition to current flow)which allows more current to flow inthe bulb thus giving a brighter light.This, then, is a higher wattage bulb.A 40-watt bulb gives more light thana 25-watt bulb because there is morecurrent flowing through it althoughthe voltage must remain the same­it is the resistance in the filamentwhich has been changed. Figure 9summarizes the definitions of theelectrical terms under discussion .

Electrical appliances as well asbulbs are marked with the operatingvoltage and the wattage required .Some appliances are also markedwith the amperage (current flow)under operating conditions. Voltagemarkings are important in insuringthat the user does not ruin the de­vice by connecting it to the wrongvoltage source. Electrical devicesare marked with their wattage ratingin order to advise the user of thepower that they will consume andalso serve as an index of the workor output that may be expected fromthem .

TO LINE -.YFIGURE 10 - Uni ts in one type of fluo re sce ntcircuit.

TERM DEFINITION UNIT

VOLTAGE ELECTRICAL PRESSUIl,E VOLT

CURRENT ELECTRICAl FLOW AMP

RESISTANCE OPPOSITION TO OHMELECTRICAL FLOW

WATTAGE ELE.CTRICAL POWER WATT

FIGU RE a-One typ e of minioture bulb with 0

screw base . This pa rt icula r one has a magnify­ing en d kno wn a s a " le ns e nd,"

fights because this doesn't prove thatwomen are not as intelligent as men.It proves, rather, that not everyoneunderstands all that he knows a boutthe items that he uses every day.Most people do know that the higherthe wattage of the bulb the greateramount of light it will produce; letus see why this is.

The watt is the unit of electricalpower and it is power that you arecharged for by the electric company.It is concerned with the wattageyou use and the length of timethat you use it. The product of this,watt-hours , is divided by 1,000 toproduce the more workable termkilowatt-hours that appears on yourelectric bill.

Mathematically wattage is the re­sult of multiplying the voltage (elec­trical pressure) in volts by the cur­rent (electrical flow) in amperes oramps. An appliance operating at 110volts with a current of 2 amps flow­ing through it would be rated at220 watts . The job of supplying theproper voltage belongs to the elec­tric power company. If the userwishes to have a brighter light bulbhe must change some factor, then,other than the voltage in order toutilize more electrical power. Al­though he may not know it, what hedoes is to buy a bulb with less resis-

FIGU RE 9- Chart of electricol terms.

Learn to make Proressional corugn. If­ranaem ents. \\'eddln K' and funer al desteua.Study and earn rour diploma at home.Unusual spare or rull time monel' mak­Ing opp ortuntttes or hobby. Send (orFnEE booklet "OPPOnTUNITIES INFLOIlISTIlY" .

NAT IONAL LANDSCAPE INSTITUTEStudio WB ·3 8. 11826 San V leente Blvd .

Los Ange les 49. California

Sell famous Sprtna-Ste p Cushion Shoes. Earn hiltmoney daily plus Cash Bonus and R et i rem ent

Income with amazfng 2- minute demonstrat ionthat setls on sight. Ri~ repeat bu ...Iness, Full orSl>are time. Amer tca ' a Hhn:est setecuon of

Shop s Cor all the Iamllv. Free outrtt alven .No Investment ever . Wrt te today.

ORTHO -VENT SHO E CO•• Inc.5583 Bra n d Ro a d , Salem. Virginia

WANTED FOR CASH!Old, discarded, out of print Old

Books, Magazines, Catalogs!UP TO 10.000 DIFFERENT T ITLES

WANTED WEEK L Y!Almost a hair mUlion t lt les per year a re wanted forCas hl x ct rare, ha rd to ti nll titles but ma n)' areretatfvelr commo n ttrl es, some publish ed rt ve years ago.H elp rill th ls terrtnc demand (or old book s. ruagu­d oes a n d cataloae (or goo d eold cash mon er t ',"arkpart tlrne-e-choose j-our own ti me. F OSf'lnatlng work .!'tf'lHtr rear ' round dem and ror 52 weeks out of thevear. lo" r rr inform ation on how to sta r t.

Book Hunter, Box 591·D, Lynn, Mass.

d PUTS YOU IN A~ $10,000 BUSINESS!

FOR EVERY WOODSCREWDRILLS HOLE, COUNTERSINKS,

COUNTERBORES IN 1 OP ERAT ION

Mjusts 10r ANY Screw length!DRIllS•

For Quick. accurate screw drhing. Prev ents woodsplit ti ng, stripped threads. Insures I OO ~~ holding

power of each screw threa d.~('r or .. d rlJl !'l for a ll # fi-R- 1O-12 woo.t scr cw« ­n a t, round. O1..a l h ead s. U se with 11I1n11or elect rtc d rUIs. drill pr ess on wootls , $3 6 9utast tcs. alu nunum. P ostn a td .Order today on our Un cond i t ional 20·day Money

Back Guarantee. (C. O. D. 's - pl us post .)

ARRO W METAL PRODUCTS CO.Dept. WB·3D. 421 W est 203 St .. N. Y. 34. N. Y .

: Hun your own bURineJIS from home. \Ve train. 3 deltvertee :• a day earnll you up to 110.000 a year l'-ellinc macniticent. •: Bibl e" with hundred!' of full color picture• •• • verJllion. :: for all fa iths • • • aold and red ever-lest tna cover ••• 80 :: be autiful it se lls iuelfl Every family a pr 01lpect ••• not •: :~ti~ a~r::: Se ll on eas)' terms, Rush card for money !: BIBLE HOUSE/ OepL 3614, 1I35N . Tyroll street :.• Charl.ne, N. c. •......................................................

BRAND NEWt

"ARCOSCREW-DRill" .

\I.VI fuN , lottIE WOIIEY ~":n, u.... _ .. :".:nEW UNUSUAlM.welt~ G;n, l_ f" AN~~ \mpk ~, 000 .. M.rke" Plaquq 'tf.1lS~.u . £.1)' fr.~ .awout. _net pain!:, \ 1 bt'i'9you l..... EXCITING onol DIffERENT UO funsir. IJM pM:l:crnL ORD ER NOW"

TRANS PLANS , Dept. P3529 H o ll y st.

52 « WORKB ENCH

. Polt rr lj

f ill StudiOS Clllt1lognevv

T his w o nderfu l p a c k e t co nea tn s 1 0 1 FULLS IZE patterns (u p t o 2 3" h igh) o f thesmar tes t Lawn ret rru ree . B I r d H 0 u s e 8 •S h e tvea . Ac ti on W indmi ll s , S i ~n l'l. Atoha ­b e t s . Gifts an d No veltie s you h av e everSf'f't' ! .Jll o;: t t r-ace a nd saw o u t . You a l so g e t" Mnk e Mo ney .Ji~ Sa w ing. " An for o n l y $ 1,00.Send ' or fhi e: GJ FT & NOVF.I.TY P AC KF.T t o d a v!

MASTERCRAFT PLA NS. Dept . 3587 041 Ol cott A v e n u e C h i c O'q o 31 . I lI i n o i 'A

Don't Let Repair Bills Drain You Dry!

FIX, REPAIRMEND Anything

Instantly With New Miracle MaterialI Send You on FREE TRIAL!

AUTHORS WANTEDBY N. Y. PUBLISHER

the MOST completecatalog of ceramic sup-plies ever published!

Profu sely illu st rat ed - in ­cludes hundreds of item sfor bett er pottery mak lnq ,Fea tures t he newest clays ,over 300 nta zes. 37 electr ickilns . p o tt e r ' s w h e el s.m 0 u I d s , tools , br ushes.numerou s aceessor les, In­clud es photos of over 100exa mples of fin e potte ry­wa re as id eas.Every cera mist should ha ve a copy of this inval ua bleHa ndbuok-Data leq. Hequl a r pr ice SOc. For a li mit ed ti me

only - send 2Sc to cover postaq e and handlin q.

ETTL STUDIOS, lne. ;: Studio 9ETTL ART CENT ER GLEN VI LLE. CONN.

S t op she ll i ng outhundreds of dollarsevery year on repairsyou can do ro ursetr Iw tth the h elp of ju stone mi ra cle materia lyou ca n pocket theca sh yo u' r e n owspending on car re ­pa irs , be tt er pa tch ­ing, and a ll the ot h erl ittle Jobs th a t ad dup to bi l{ monevt Allyou need is th is onema ter ia l and I'm go­in g to send i t to YOUfor a ten clay ' s F HEE

~~~i~~ :i~~~il f you r ~ fby JOHN MOSS. Technical Engineer

There are things around YOur hom e, officf'. fa rm. rae­ton ", or your ca r which you cou ld fix yourse lf if youh ad the r ig h t kin d of ma teria l. xrore th an 10.000 in.rlu st rfa l plants an d factor ies a re now using the ma te­r ia l I'm ta lking about. It' s been proven and tested byengfueers-c-men who know ! Th e name of t his produ ctis P lastic ) Ietal. You app ly it lik e nu t ty . . • and ith urden s Hke STEEr~. S o h a rd yon can hi t it witha ll ) ' 0111' mi ght wi th a sled ge ha mmer l P last ic :\Iet alis a pe rman en t soli d metal f ill er . . _ on e of thes t ron nest adhesi ves i n t h e world. The l ist of t h ln asPia st ir :\ Ietal can h elp yo u repair is end less . F i xeracked mot or bl ocks , fe n ders, lam ps , hath tubs ,sink!'. snort tne equi pm ent , en gin es. Sti cks to anvsurfac e. Never ru at s l Can be san de d . f iled . dr ilJ e(i.hu ff'ed . Fi x anyt hi ng t h a t' s crack ed . c h i ppe d. de nt edor d ama ged . Rep a fr like new pip es, boiler s . boat s.je wetr v. bikes, lam p s. R eset ha th room t il es, bricks .Pl u..tl r :\fet al fixes anvthfng l

Get Free-Trjal Supply At No Risk!T he on ly rea l way I ta n d emon st ra te P la sti c' )I t' t lllra il su ve YOl1 h un d re d s of dollars i s t o let \ ' 011 uutit. to use at my ri sk! H er e' s my off er : ~fa n $1.9 8 now!] '11 send yo u a fu ll supply of P last ic )[ et :ll. Use it torepal r and fix anyth ing } 'OU like. It' s so easy . . . sostmple l Ju st ap vly an d let d ry . After th e t est. if n otabsolutely convlneed Pl ast ic ::\fet a l i s a ll I say an dmore. return it for full ref und . Y ou ri sk not hfng I Ac tnow ! (SAVE ! Trf ple f ree-t ria l s iz e on ly $2. 98. )

SCOTT·MITCHELL HOUSE, INC.611 Broadway. Dept. NS-146, New York 12, N. Y.

New York. N. Y. - One of t he n a ti on's la rgest bookp ubltshera is see king manu scrtnts of all ty pes - ficti on .n on -fict ion . poet r y. snectar atte ntion t o new writers.If you r wor k is rea dy fo r publlcut ion, send for hook­let HB - it ' s free. Vant age P r ess. 120 ' V. :Ust St ..New Yor k 1. (.~Udwest o rrtce: 220 S . .M ich lgun Ave.,Ch lca gn, Il l. )

FIGURE II - Fluo re scenl sl o rle r .

CONTACTS

T he interior of the gl a ss in thefl uorescent bulb (tube ) is coated witha chemical which glows or fluoresceswhen a n e lec t r ic c u rr e n t flowsthrough the gas fill ed a rea . In refer ­ence to Figure 10 (which is only on eof the types a va ilable) note that thefl uorescent c i r c u i t a lso utilizes astarter a nd a ballast. Br iefly the op­era tio n may be describ ed as foll ows:1. Wh en the switch is closed curr en tfl ow s through the ball a s t, one fi la ­m ent , thr ou gh th e a uto maticallyclo sed starter an d throu gh the otherf ila men t a nd back to the so urce; 2.T he fila ments b egin t o heat asne ed ed fo r prope r opera tion ; 3. Thes t a r te r a utomatically opens a nd theballast causes a m om entary su r geof h igh volt a ge ; 4. This is sufficien tto s tar t a n a rc throu gh the bulb f romone f ilamen t to the ot her-a m uchlower co ns tan t volta ge is a ll that isneed ed to m aintain this arc onces ta rted; 5. As long as th e switch ison this ci rcu it r em ains in effect;6. An ot her funct ion of the ballast isto m ainta in current flow in the ci r ­cu it a t a value h igh enough to k eepthe bu lb lighted but low enough topreven t d ama ge .

The starter usually takes the fo rmof a small a luminum can (see Figure11) th at fi ts into th e fixture and maybe conceale d by th e bulb . If thiss tarter is defect ive , th e f ixtu r e can­not be turned on . On ce on , however,the fixture will not be affected evenby the r em ov al of the starter . Nownaturally this w ill be true on ly whenthe s ta r ter can be r em ov ed w ithoutd is turb ing the bulb as is so metimesthe case. The most frequen t point offa ilur e in a fluorescent f ix ture is thes ta r ter . If th is ha ppens , yo u w ill b epl e a s ed to know that r eplacem ent isnot a d iffi cult task . Starte r s arerated accor di ng to th e wattage of thebulb they are to serve-be sure tous e the proper one . Starter s a r e nowavailable w ith a r eset fe a tu r e . Thisty pe is de s igned to ope n the circui tlike a circuit bre aker if ' cond it ionsare presen t that would or dina r ilycause damage to a r egul a r s tarter .Unless t he starter does t r uly f a il ,then, op e ration m av be r estored bypr essing th e reset button.

F luorescent bulbs have a do ub le

Free planshows how to

start your ownspare tim e

business

BE YOUR O WN BOSS!Cash in by sharpeningknives, circul ar saws, ro­ta ry mower blad es, iceskates, sand ing, buffi ng.Versatile , low-cost Foley314 Grinder earn s $3 to$5 an hour for you inspa re tim e," I service saws for homeowners and carp ent ers inmy community, and a ll mywork is guar anteed . Circu­lar saws range fr om 90 cfor B" blades, on up to$3.50 each for the largers izes. I never made a bet ­ter invest menl."

F. J . Borowski, III.

FREE PLAN tell s how tobo o st yo ur income thi seasy way. Sharpening only3 saws a day can clea rover $1000 a year netprofi t. Send coupon to­day! No obligati on. Nosa lesman will call .

r- --------- - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - ~• Foley Mfg . Co. , 463-8 Foley Bldg. , Min nea polis 18, Minn• •• Sen d FREE P LAN for s p a r e time h ome b u s tness •• with F o le y 31 4 Gr i n der. •

• •i~~~~.~~~.:.:.:.: --..--:.:.:.:.::.::.:.:.:: :.:':':':'.':':':'.':':':':":':':':':':':':':':':':':':' ~ ~

~------------ ------------_.

IF YOU DIDN'TMA~~'THE80~~'f DAUCHT£~

OF METALHome ap p l i­a nc e s , A 1I t opa r-ts , Far-m­g a r den e q u ip ­m ent , t oy s .M ake and r e­p ai r p i a v ,g ro und equip­mon t • J a w nc h a i r s ,t ah tes , orna -

m enta l ir on wor k . ga t es , w a rrens , e t c . So ld e r , heat ,bend , and stratgnt en w it h ter rific h e a t f r om a rc t orch ,Cu t and w e ld up to 1/4" s t ee r pl a te. A mill ion u se sfor Ho m e , a u to, fa rm, i n ven tors , fa ctor ies , e t c . W ork sfr o m any h o m e 1 1 0 volt p lug-In . Co m p lete w it h d arkw e lders m a s k , a rc t orch. foot co nt rol. s u p p ly of ca rbonwe ld in g a n d braz in g rods . g o t-t c r , nux. a nd co m p le teW el d in g I n s t r u ct io n B oo k . Attr act ive-port a b le-efficie n t_ du r ab le _ 1 year g u a ran tee. W e ig h s o n ly 8 lb s ,SEND O N LY $3 .00 (cas h. ck. rn o ) a nd pay po s tman$6.95 p lus C. O. D. p stg , o n arrival or sen d $9.95 plus$1. 50 pat g , a n d we w il l sen d pos t p aid . Id e al g i,f t formech an ically m i nd ed home owner s , rela tives, frumds,Order now fo r e a r l y d a t tver-v. Av a il a ble an i" fr om:M IDW AY WE L DE R De p t . DW~4 , Ke a rne y , Neb ~~ska

Get this spectacular collect'ion of ali-d iffer­ent , genu ine Airmails from st ra nge, far-awayco untr ies in Asia , Africa, Europe, t he exoticO rient ! Wo rld 's larg est air mail, scarce $23stam p, old Zeppelin, many , many others. Atruly remarkable collection conta ining stampsworth up to 30c each at cat alog prices!EXTRA: Barga in Catalog PLUS othe r excit-

~ 2. _ ~f.!~~_~~j_-'2:._!.o~_~~!!!~i_ ~~!,s ·JAMESTOWN STAMP CO••

Dept. F38PH, Jamestown, N. Y. I

RUSH my Fre e Airm a il C o llect ion and olher:o tt ers . I e ncl ose 10¢ fo r m ai ling cos ts . I

IName 1

1Si ree t IC ily & :..~~e_·_·_·_· ·_·_·_·_·_·_·_·__·_·_·__·_ iii·_ ·_J

MAR C H - AP R I L. I 9 5 8 » 53

MONEY in DONUTS

of: course. if necessary check thebulb by replacing with a di fi erentone. The bulbs do wear out and whatmakes t he matter confus ing is thatbulb a nd starter malfunctions mayboth exhibit the same symptoms .

A r ather large amount of space inthis part has been devoted to bulbsbecause they are rather importantitem s in our everyday lives . Further­more, understanding their principlesof operation and other details is es­sential to a good electrical back ­ground . Fixture installation and somelamp installation usually comes un ­der the heading of ho use wiring andwill not be covered here. Appliances,lamps, and fixtures have in commoncertain items among switches, sock­ets, e tc ., which should be understoodby the home mechanic and which willcontribute to his general fund ofknowledge.

~TOP

SECTlO~ -- lBOTTOJ~ SCREWSECTION

~THREADEDFORI"~ PIPE

SOCKETSAN ELECTRICAL socket is a device de­signed to hold-and make ele ct r icalcontact with th e bulb. Needless tos a y , the socket is a n essentia l it emwhether it be used in th e most ex­pen s ive lamps a nd fix tu res or inth e d rop cord ty pe of illumin ation ofgangs ter movie b a c kr o om f am e .The regu la r varie ty of soc ke ts givelittle difficulty . Wh en th e socket iscombined w it h a switch as in manyla m ps the probl em is usually wi thth e switch but calls for r epla cemen tof th e whole unit.

F igure 13 shows a s tandard br asssocket w ith a pus h-t hrou gh switch .Similar sockets a re a lso a vailablew it h the pull cha in and key handleswitches. Many people pref er th epu sh-throu gh type of switc h on floorla mps a nd home project lamps­especia lly thos e th at are not veryheavy. The r eason for this is th atpulling on a cha in m ay upset th elamp or at le a st be annoying. Ongooseneck floor la m ps pulling on thechain may change the position of thelamp which in turn demands a changein position of the user-an aggravat­ing business to be sure.

Three-way lamp sockets for Edisonbase bulbs are similar to th e one

FIGURE 13 - Standard socke t wi th a " p ush­through" switch.

SWITCH

OUTLIOT- - --=

SOCKETS

se t of pins on each end which m us tbe properly enga ged in the socket .Some flu or escent fixtu re s which co n­tain more than one bulb may ha vetheir bulbs connected in series. Iftwo bulbs are connected in se r ies ,for example, both will go out if justone of them would happen to havea poor connection or work loose inits socket. The series type of hookupis used in the older type of Christ­mas tree la m ps . You know what Imean-when one goes out the wholestring goes out so yo u start hunting!

CONFUSION sometimes causes lurnil inefixtures to be m istaken for fluores­cent. As may be seen from Figure 12a sketch or even a casual glance willfail to reveal much difference be­tween a lumiline and a fluorescentfixture . Lumilines were all the ragebefore World War II for installationa t the sides or top of the bathroommirror-just as many fluorescentsare today . There, however, th e simi­larity ends. The lumiline is an in­candescent as it has a filament run­ning th e ent ir e len gth of the bulba nd it dep ends u pon th e white heatof this fil ament to produce light .Bulbs are available onl y in 40-, and50-watt s ize s . Neither the bas es northe bulbs the m selv es are inter­change a ble between th e lu miline a ndfluorescent . If you lik e th e lon g slimsty le of th e lu miline but a re d is­satisfied with th e light, your onlychoice is to replace th e enti r e f ix­ture with fluor escent . Fluorescentsproduce about three times as muchlight and gen era te only about one­fou r th as much heat a s in candes­cents for a given wattage.

Fluorescent lamps are a va ila blewhich are made to appear as fix­tures . Ma ybe they are fixtures­excep t for our definitions. At anyr ate th ey look l ike regular fix­tures but are plugged in instead ofbeing permanently wired and at­tached, thus saving th e installer con­siderable time and eff or t.

Lengthy discussion is not nesessaryto the understanding or repair ofordinary fluorescent troubles. If thestarter does not cur e the difficulty,check the bulb for good contact and,

FIGURE 12-A lumiline fixture. Although of theincandescent type it re s em b I e s fluorescentfixtures.

CLEANS INSTANTI.Y

There's a Thrillin Bringing a

Crook to JusticeThrough Scientiflc

CRIMEDETECTION

M ake n ew gre asel e ss d onutsin kitchen. No smoke. SellStores. H alf Pro fit . Ca shD aily. No expo n ee. FREERECIPES. No obligation .

A. RAY CO.MINNEAPOLIS 7. MINN .

NEW DISCOVERYSAVES PLUMBING BILLS

We have taught thousands of men and women thisexciting, profitable, pleasant profession. Let us teachy~u, too, in your own home. I;'repare yourself in yourleisu re trme to fill a responsible, steady, well- paidposi tron in a very short time and at very small cost.What others have done, you too, can do.

Over 800 of All American.Ide nt ifica t ion Bureaus :..

employ students or graduatesolI.A.S. 'This fascinating work is easy to learn • •and the training is inexpensive, You, • .too, can fit yourself to fill a respon-sible crime detection job with goodpay and steady employment. But don' t d elay- getthe details now. Let us show yo u how easily and com ­pletely we ca~ prepare you for this fascinating work;dunng spare time in your own home. Yo u may pay asyou lea rn . Wri te today for free Crime Boo k.

FREE I "THE BLUE BOOK OF CRIME "• It's a thriller. Tells about the most in ­

teresting crimes-how th ey were solved by methodstaught by l.A .S. Send now . No sa lesma n will call.INSTITUTE OF APPLIED SCIENCE

(A CorTf!.-,xm.d~ncf! & It.ool Sine. 1916 )Dep t. 323 , 1920 Sunnyside Ave. Chlcaga, IIl1nalo

C H ICAGO - Mar. 2nd - H o m eOwners. O ffices, Apartments, i n­c luding F aclorie s are constan tlyh aving t rouhle with c tc mred-uppipe s wh ich p rov e s e x pens iv e i nCostl y Plumbing BllIs _

But n ow-using w a ter Impa cta n d Ai r P r e s sur e. here Is a n e wunll ca lled the P lu m b e r ' s Flush­ing G u n , w h tcn c leans a ll line sup t o 100 ft . It w i1l open envn umbe r o r ben ds In p ipe . Yetanyon e ca n o ne re te th is newe un, which trlR'R"ers easily .

TOILETS . U R I N ALS. S I N KS.and Fl.OOR DRA I N S e roeeedw ttb pa ner, I:rea~p . r a g s . sand.and o t he r d ehrl s. can b e cl e are dw ith o n ", o r m ore s hots f ro m t neg un . saving the owner, the Gu n ",p rice t h e first timE' it is used .This n ew Flushl n Jt Gu n may h eused o n any 112 t o G Inc h w astep ipe i n dudlng S in k Dr ain s ,8 II t h tub s . Flnor Dr a in s . Hotw ater Pipes , Drlnk ln st FountalnA,S e p ti c T anks and Urina ls. Ob ·s t ru<"t ions mett a way TN S1'A N T 1.Yw hen st r uck h y tne h amme r likeb low o r t h is new u nit .

T h h l New FlushlnJ~' roun Iso ((ered on 30 D ay s F r e e Trial.B UT MO S T I MPOnT A N T I S TH IS

-What Is this Tool worth in Co .t1y Plumb in g Bill . SavedIn your t tome or b uild in g . F o r you r own stood-Tea r t h iAA d out now an d write yo u r name and address h esld(> Artf or Free Hooklet . No Ag e nt w ill ca 1l-0be)' t h at urge. ma llnow or wri te pos tca rd . (Chicago P h o n e K l1da re 5 ·1702.)

MILLER SEWER TOOLS, D E P T . WMA. 4638 N. CENTRALAVE .. CHICAGO 30. ILL INOIS.

LEARN METALCRAFTand JEWELRY MAKING

-' , Low Cost Home Training How Ava ilable. )/ ?~ , 1J/ ~fake money. Learn profit ab le skllls and

~, ar t s or decoratfre metal and Icwetrv crafts.

~ ~~ ~~~~srof~Il~~~~~~ekePt·~'i~~f~~~\~n:~I(r ~~:rear~~1sWRITE furnhlhp cI. Sen d for fr e e I t t e r n tu r e .

FOR FREE INTERSTATE TRAINING SERVICEBOOKLET DEPT. K-7 . PORTLAN D 13. OREGON

3605 SO . 15T H A VE .

S4 {( WORKBENCH

cs SPECIALTY MOLDS

Fadory Short (uts give (u stom Lookto "Made-at-Home" ( Iothes

SAVE and EARN money while learn ing exciting NEW l ';"l'tMETHODS for Home Dressmaking. Write for FREE ~C£Y'Booklet describing unique home study Sewing Course . •~~

GOOD DRESSMAKING INSTITUTE -Dept. " '1 -:i 8. 11S:!6 gn u vtcente Bl vd .. 1..Qs An geles -\~ . CnL

WITH CS

Full-SizePatterns

Here it is . . . the new slide rule easy and simpleenough for high sc hool students and beginners,yet completely engraved wi th ! fuJI scales . . . to instantly solveevery day figure problems from simple multiplication to involvedtrigonometric formula e. Not a wooden ruler type toy. Insteadthis is a brand new genuine Mannheim type slide rule with full10 in ch engraved scale, precision engineered of fully cured whitelifetime plastic. All 9 scales register perfectly. Truly an accuratefiguring machine that saves costl y errors in calculation as well ashours and ho urs of mental strain. And it is you r s, complete withfully illustrated high school instruction m anual and all weatherpolyethylene plastic sheath case , now for only $1.98 postpaid.

USE 10 DAYS ON APPROVALTo see for yourself what an amazing calculator a fine slide rulewith 9 scales really is . . . to see how quick and easy you. t oo , canbe solving figure problems in as little as one hour ... to understandwhy a scientifically engineered slide rule is so helpful in makin gevery day life easier without so much mental strain .. . order onour 10 day money back on -approval plan. Your choice .. . plainback slide rule is only $1.98 . Back engraved w ith decimal equiva­lents and settings is only $2.98. Postpaid . Send cash, check orm oney order. No C.O .D . orders filled because of recently in cr easedC.O .D . postal costs. Use IO days. If not delighted return for m oneyback. Be sure to state whether you want plain back for $1.98 orengraved ba ck for $2.98 . Final offer. En close remittance and mailyour order today to

De pt. SR·5, 7640 N. Milwauk e e Ave., Niles. Chicag o 31,IIIinois

Here IS the answer, The cteer. complete. eas.l~ followed mstruc­tions of how to mold al'd sell tbese amazingly low cost. hlgl>protrt products The slt'addy IIslng demand 101 ornamental concrete means money-BIG MON[Y- IOl YOU. Rtmarkabty tt\e l 'rens.ve, CMC permanent. Iight·welght high Quality Aluminum~ds bave a nahonal rteord 01 sales success. CopynghltddeSigns. USt of manulacture. Catalog 01 over 200 SpeCIallyMolds. See tOf yourself . (;#1 the lull cemetete story Ordtrthis bli . fully Illustrated bOok to<1a"

ANTIQUE 32COPIES

Authentic Coloni a l Repr oductions. Easy tobuild . just trace and saw OUl. Shelves.stools. what -nots. etc. In cluded VnBE : In ­struc tio ns roe Fast Sh ellac and Wax FIn­Ishtn g. Send !I tortay I

HOW TO TURN CONCRETE INTO GOLD

Co m p u t e s taxes.payroll deductions,s izes , materialsneeded, areas,costs, cubes , esti­mates, percentages.handicapping data,hundreds of dailyuses in business.sports, building ,farming, contract­ing, a ccounting, en­gineering, educa­tion, armed forces,aviation. auto me­chanics, repairing,home workshops.seJIing, manufac­turing, space war­fare, etc., etc ., etc.

YOUNG COMPANY,

VOSBURY PATT ERNSL,,;,;WII,j••W 540 Conklin Ave., Binghamton _ N. Y.

FIGU RE 14-A no ncon d ucti ng link which ma y beused in pull chains to eli minate the po ssib ilityof shock .

shown in Figure 13 except that theswitch is of the rotary type and mustpr ovide for three positions of " on ."

Note that th e so cket shell (Figure13) is made in two pieces. This isto p erm it access to the inside forwiring the switch. The bottom of thesocket is fit te d to r eceive a Vs-inchpipe. This knowl edge is especiallyva lu a ble w hen making your ownlamps. R iddle time ! - Question :When is Va inch not lis inch ? Answer :When it r efers to pipe diameter . Itsee m s that neither th e inside northe outside di ameter of this pipemeasures Vs in ch . The outside di­a meter is % inch a nd the insided ia meter is a pp ro x im a tely 1f4 inch.

Bottoms are available made to re­ceive 3fs-inch pipe . This pipe has anoutside diameter of 5fs inch and isnot as common as the lis-inch p ipe.Lock nuts a r e made for use withboth sizes of pipe to anchor themin place .

Because of the similarity of con­struction and the interchangeabilityof parts, changing types of switchesis very e a sy. If the type of switchoperation on a particular lamp socketof this v arie ty does not appeal toyou, it can usually be changed :vith­out disturbing the bottom-that IS byremoving on ly the top of the shella nd the ins ide portion . Also a one­way lamp can ea s ily be convertedinto a three-way or v ice versa .

Figure 14 shows a device whichmay be used in the chain of a pullchain type of switch on both lampsand fixtures. The beaded chain issimply cut a nd the ends attached tothe link. The link is made of an elec­trical insulator (nonconductor of elec­tricity) and removes any chance fora shock that might be received u nd e rsome co nditions by touching themetal chain. This is a n es peciallygood idea in the bathroom or kitchenwhere wet hands increase the poss i­bility of shock.

"Y" shaped sockets are a lso avail­able into which two bulbs or elec­trical plugs can be screwed. Thecom b in a t ion light socket and doublecur r en t tap is a crony of the "Y"socket. R egular use of these fuse

MAR C H • AP R It, 1 9 5 8 » 55

MOUNT ING;-SUR FACE

REAR.lOCI<,N UT

TERMINALS ·{.. OR ELECTR,ICAL

"""7L OC KNUTS

FRONTLOCK

NUT ~ROTARVKNOB~

FIGURE 16 -0ne type of push-pull switch.

impossible to fix these miniatureswi tches .

The canopy switches (Figure 15)are the most compact of all. T her eare no external provisions for con­necting wires to these canopyswitches but they come with theleads already attached. Both the pullchain style and the rotary type arevery popular. Some people find therotary type objectionable because ofthe small stem size.

Push-pull switches (Figure 16) op­erate just as the name implies. T heswitch is " on " when the p r oject ingarm is pulled out and "off" when itis pushed in.

T he term toggle switch (Figure 17)is not exclusive with these midgets.A toggle switch is one that is oper­ated by pushing the projecting armup or down or from one side to theother. T he common wall switch isanother example of a toggle switch.

Figure 19 shows the application ofsolderless connectors or "wire nuts"as they are often called. When ap­plied properly they will make a goodmechanical and electrical connec­tion . You may freq uently see themin lamps or fixtures or you may wishto use them yourself in order to doaway with the m uss and fuss of

FIGURE IS -The mounting of a midg e t swit ch.In the above drawing some th reads a re showne xposed. This may be eliminated by placing thelock nuts furth er forward , thu s allowing th eswitch to sit fa rth e r beh ind th e mountingsurface .

FIGURE 17-A midget toggle switch .

l SI DE VI EWROTARY CANOPYSWITc H ___

LEAOS ---__

FIGURE 15-Two types of cano py swi tc hes.

blowing ai ds should be avoided asthey do not cure the basic trouble­skimpy wiring in the building-andpeople have a habit of overloadingthem beyond their capacity.

SWITCHEST H E HOME electrical mechanic has avariety of switches from which hemay choose to aid him in h is work.Among those common in lamps andfixtures a re : canopy switches, Fig­ure 15 ; push-pull switch, Figure 16;toggle switch, Figure 17. Because oftheir compact size these are gener­ally con sid ere d midget switches.They require a mounting hole ap­proximately 3fs inch in diameter andfasten by tightening two lock nuts .Figure 18 shows how these switchesare mounted.

Care should be taken to note thevoltage and amp e l' age rating onthese switches. Not all of theseswitches-even those th a t appearsimilar-necessarily have the samerating. Early failure may be en­countered if care is not taken to usea switch adequate for the job. Largefloor lamp wattage, in particular,may be larger than is suspected ifnot checked. When these switches gobad, replacement is in order. It isim pr a c t ical and in some cases even

l. L " _","..... '-

STEWART CLAY CO., Inc. , Dept. WB-G133 Mulberry Street New York 13 , N. Y.

National Societyfor

Crippled C h il d r e n and Ad u lts11 So. La Salle Chica go 3

Old Lines Expanded­New Lines Added

STEWART CLAY'S90th ANNIVERSARY CATALOG

(Since 1867)

• Hundreds of Illustrations• Over 336 Main Topics

Chock-full of the most up-to-date selection of moneysaving materials and supplies ever assembled in one

volume.Some of the it ems th is BIG Catalo g

Conta ins:• Sculpture Suppl ies • Mosa ics , Wheel s,• Modeling Materia ls Books• Ceram ic Suppl ies • (osting Materia l• Enam el'g Mat erial • POffery Supp li es• Kilns and Clays • Chemicols• Glau s, Clay , Slip • Tools, BrushesSend 25c 10 cover p o st a ge a ndhandlin g [o r yo u r C' opy 0/ ' his

big ca ta log f, OW!

J3 11..~ Free

Catalog,...--=""-:=-~-;Just Off the Press

Fully illus tr a ted108 pages. showsthree hundred andseventy-five itemsof interest to bothmen and women- spec ial fishingtackle. footwear ,cloth ing, leatherand ca nvas spe­cialt ies, many ofour own manufac-

'- --Jture.

L L. Bean, Inc., 241 Main SI., Freeport, MaineMfn . Fishing and Camping Specialties

56 « W 0 RK BEN C H

BUILD BEAUTIFUL COLO:-:IAI.deco ra ti ve furnis hings. A Sheraton cu rioand f igu ri ne shelf, 26" h igh, with a ra ref re twork desilfn of a beautiful classic urn.P lus twelve other full Aiu plan s includinga spoon rack. a miniature eerou-tcp cor­ner cup boa rd. a neat spice box.

Order toda y, Onl y $f .money-bark guarantf'~

OLD SOUTH PATIERN COMP ANYBox 11143. Charlotte 9, N. C.

No investment, no experienceneeded . Ju st show magic cu sh ioncomfort to friends. neighbors. co­work ers. Advance commissions to$4.00 a pa ir, plus Cosh 80n us.Pa id Vacation, $25 .00 RewordOffer . Outstanding vclu es for men,women . children . Money ba ck

~i~~~~:ece~s~h~eri tSeofcfJl~ f~!~~E~ Cush ionednev 84 loge catalog and full details. ~

TAN NERS SHOE CO ., 710, Brockl on, Mass.

Cuts Perfect Circles withExclu sive Circle. Cutter Cuts wit h Exclusive Rip -G au ge

"Arro Ji g-Raw". guarant eed to nt every JA" drill , cuts anypatt ern in woods. pIaROcH. me ta ts-c-even cuts 2x4 ' s ! HaR sameeapactty and out per forms th e mos t expensive sa ws because orA RCO' a exc lusi ve ad ju stable Circl e-Cutter (up to 20" dlam.j

~~t(·I. ~\~"~a~~~.)' ;~~~lltl~1 .o~I~;lar~:~~e~~:e:..·:~.t~: $10956 Extra Assorted Blades for wood, plas t ics , meta ls....$1.95Conver ts to Table Model with " Arco·Sta nd"

sturdy cast ing and clamp : $2.95At Your Dea ler or order direct on our 20.day Money

Ba ck Guarantee. s end chec k. ~I.O. (ppd .) f'. 0 . D. plu s post .ARROW METAL PRODUCTS CO.

Depl. WB. 3J . 42 1 West 203 51.• New York 34. N. Y.

...bringshomealittlecloser

April Is usa Month

BACK US UP WITH USO

"ARCO JIG-SA W" cuts any shape, any materilllI I

..

WIRES TO BE WIR E

'0'""1 / NUT

1 ~J

CEILIN~I~£I)~

(END/ _ .. . _ . .~~ '"IY1 F IXTURE IV1~ OPfN'7~

J ' II II I

soldering . They are also easier toremove should the need arise. T heseconnectors are composed of a plasticcap containing a metal insert. Youa re usua lly cautioned about twis t ingthe wires together before a pply in gthe co nnecto r. T he reason for this isthat the wire nut twists the wiresas n eed ed when it is a pplied b yexerting a slight pressure and turn­ing as you would a regular nut. Fur­thermore, these connectors are madein different sizes according to thesize wire they are to be used on ;twistin g beforehand may r equire thata d iff eren t size be us ed .

RECESSED FIXTURESRECE SSED CEIL ING fixtures take advan­tage of the fact that there is unusedspace between the joists in the ceil­ing (Figure 20) . Regular fixtures a r emounted ex ter n a lly and are fastenedin various ways to an outlet box.When recessed fixtures are installedin a house that is a lready completed,care must be taken in cutting throughthe pl aster or wallboard. Some typesco m e complete with brackets for at­tachment direct to the joists whileothers must be "framed in," l.e. , awooden supporting frame built tohold the fixture to the joists.

LAMPSBY THEIR very definition lamps areea s ier to pla ce and more easily ac-

FIGURE 20- The bulk of a reces sed ce ilingfixture is co ncealed in the spoce between th ejoists.

FIGURE 19-By turn ing clockwise and with fo r.wa rd pressure a wir e nut can make a solidelectrical and mechanical connection .

M AR CH ·APR IL , 1958 » 57

EnoughToy Ideas

to lastALifetime!

NURSERYCHARACTERS

NOVELTIES

ANIMALS

PUPPETS

DOLLS

==--:= -

ORDER SEVERAL COPIES. . . makes a wond erful gift

for need leworker friends!

BIG NEWS! Over 50 "Toy Charmers" join Popu-lar Sock Monkey and Elephant Family!

Make TOY5 from inexpensive Red Heel andother type socks. Trim them with scrap bagodds and ends. Stuff plump with old nylonsor lint from your drier! Simple, step-by-step,illu str ated instru ctions. Special Section 0/Tips and T ricks.

only$l percopy

tfFOREIGN BARGAINS"Now! Get Foreign Bargains

from all over the world!• Bargain o~fers tro m Ge r m a ny , J ap a n . Ita ly . Hot\1),

Kong , I nd ta . etc . . et c.• ACTUA L NAMES AND A DDRESSES !• Compl et e in for n atl on on HOW to BUY Direct

from Overseas . (It's Easy!)• Many over seas firm s looki ng for repr esentatives.

sa lesmen .~ Many offer drop ship items-even complete drop

ship illu strated ca ta logs of toreinn produ cts .• Most off ers willin g to se ll sa mple units .• Terrifi c P rofi ts in gay exotic it ems : 65c cl ock se lls

fOr $5.DO! $1.7 5 watch se lls fo r S7.9S! Oth er ter­r if ic it ems too num er ous to mention !Ou r n ow nnpcr I s worth Its wet srh t In goo ld ! Tho u­sa nd ,. a t r vn d v on o u r f;u h "iC'r i p ti o n Ji s t. A t r (' ­rnenrto us , (' xcltln~ n e w fi e ld to opern te . Reg'.p r-ic e Is ~ :1 .n () per y ear . ~PF.CIA I. I N TROtl U C.TORY O F F F.tL .ru s t $2 .00 for one vcar- . (W hy

p a v 11101'(' ro r- co u r-se s , h onks . (' te. ?1

"Foreign Bargains," Box 591 -D , Lynn, Mass.

BE FIRST with these CLEVER Toy Items!Low-Cost Gifts . .. Bazaar Money-Makers!

~-------------------.------• 8A,.U A FfJ'M Dept . 338, 741 Devon Ave.• r",,-""v" If Park Ridge, Illin ois• Enclo sed is $ for copies of: How 10 Make SOCK TOYS.

: NAME.............................. . .

: ADDRESS .

• CITY STATE. .

~----------------- • __ L

"Jo 'enset"" /--="a ........ CLAMPSand "P'()~y" hold your work

enTh ese and manyother designs de­scr ibed in lit era -

1iV lure sent FREE, 11 " :>-"'':'- upon request. For

big, 3 2 • p age

~~'LHAOMWp' .T ?T';

.,, ~'~/ADJUSTABLE CLAMP CO.

the damp folk,! 415 N. Ashla nd • Chica go 22, III.

cessible for repair than fixtures . I ntime, of course, lamp cords becomeworn and need replacing but asidefrom this and some structural de­fects caused by use, the major com­plaint with table , pin-up, and similarlamps is the switch . Floor lamps,although more complex, suffer fromth e same maladies . Bec a us e theircords are can tin u a u sly in contactwith th e floor and subject to a va­r iety of misplaced feet this pointm us t be watched rather closely. Con­st a nt vibration from the floor isoft en the cause of bulbs workingloos e in their so ckets and even in­ternal connections becoming loose.Successful servicing of a floor la m poften depends la r gely on mechanicalability . In r epl a ci ng most switches,for example, it is necessary to getat the switch from the inside . It issometimes a m ys tery as to exactlyhow some lam ps are put together .R em ove a ll brea k able it em s beforeworking on the la m p. You may behard put to get a d uplicate for abroken light d iff us er or such a ndyour wife will ne ver settle for less .Since there are so many differenttypes of floor la m ps no one pro­cedure would cover the disassemblyof all . A multiple light floor lampusually represents a fair inves tmen tand so its maintenanc e a nd repairshould also rate a fair portion ofreason and attention .

TROUBLE SHOOTING SUMMARYTHE FIRST ca us e for suspicion in in ­operative lighting devices is usuallyth e bulb. This is bec ause it naturallyhas the shor te s t lif e span of any ofth e com p 0 n e n t s . In in candescentbulbs the fil ament eve n tua lly de­teriorates and we say it has " bur nedout." Another leading contender forcauses of trouble in a la m p, howev er,is that it has become unplugged orelse the plug is not m aking a goodconnection in the outle t. Bulbs work­ing loose in their sockets a lso causecons ider a ble trouble. Switches usu­ally begin to give erratic op erationbefore th ey becom e totally useless­but not always. If th e current flo w­in g through a sw it ch is more thanthe switch can properl y handle, thecontacts may actually becom e burnedor they may m elt ( " fr eeze" ) to­gethe r . Loose connecti on s a nywherea long the el ectric a l circuit m a y causeerratic oper a tio n or tot al fai lu re . Inextreme cases a short m ay develo pinternally or in the case of la mpsmore likely in a worn lin e cord . This ,of course , w ill cost yo u a fuse . It istruly remarka ble , th ough, the num­ber of peopl e who w ill compla in abouta blown fuse as if it we re mo re ex­pensive th an the hou se!

Just as a m atter of inte r est, thoseyello w a nt i-bug bulbs you see a r e nota specia l death ra y fo r insects . Th ebu gs ca nnot see this type of light andhence stay a way.NEXT : PART VII : MO'T'ORS ANDMOTION PRODUCING APPLI­ANCES

$4.95 value

Yours fer

only $2.00

If you are th e ta le nted a u thorof a n unpu blished manuscr ip t,let us he lp ga in th e recogn itio nyou deserve. We w i ll p ub li.hyou r BOOK-we w ill edit , de.ig n,print, p romo te , adver tis e andJell it l Good ro va lties ,

W ri'e for FREE co p y ofHow To Publish Your Book

COMET PRESS BOO KS. Dt pl. PH.3200 Yorick 51.. H. Y. 14

Convert YourW' Drill to%" Capacity

Special - Both Items $3.00 Ppd.CC MANUFACTURING CO., Dept. WB384 4 50 Ravenswood Chicago 40, Illinois

IImttzlng DELUXE Y2"CHUCK ADAPTER

SAYE MONEY~~~on LUMBERwi,h 'he LOW-COSTBELSAW PLANERConvert Rough an dRandom Si ze Lumber ......... •Into Cabinet Fi nis he d ~Stock

Now anyone can make perf ect cab ine t finished stock fromlow-cost rough lumber . .. any size up to 12'A inches wideand 6 inches th ick. Turn out high grade finished mate rialat a fraction of the cost you pay lumber yards. Big 42.Inch ·l ong bed ... BELSAW self - feeds al14 to 34 feetper minute.

USE THIS ONE LOW COST MACHINE for PlaningJointing, Sawing, Milling, Tongue and Groove• •

You can easily make floo ring , siding a nd many ot her pop.ular patterns. Your Belsaw quickly pays for itself withsavings on raw materials and profits on fini shed stock. ..a highly profitable machine for custom work. CompareBelsaw with any 12·inch planer on the mark et . .. You getmore essential features - yet save $50 .00 to $1 25.00.

SEND FOR FREE LITERATUREBELSAWMAC HIN ERY CO, 2188 Field8ldg., Kansas CilyII, Mo.

H er e' s t he perfect tool (or yo ur home workshop .H ol ds any s ize dr ill bits from 1/1 6" to '/:," . Newfool-p roo f frict io n - type g r ip. Exact tole rancesmake this prec is ion-m ac h in ed c huc k vibrn tt on ­free. J us t s li p in and u se!

Sav e $3.00. Order you rs TODAY !

AND FOR THE " L ITT LE WOMAN " ­

A REAL BACK SAVER!o Just $1.00

~~~No Bending !.J

No StoopingN EW H ANDY BASKET STAND attae hes t o a nybasket--ends be nding and s to op ing. Brings workto proper he ig h t a n d el im in a tes ba c k stra in . Usefor wash ing. iron ing an d ca r ry ing c lothes to t heline. On or off in seconds. Weig hs on ly 14 oz.Ma de of s t u r dy m e t a l. Folds for easy storage.Chuck Adapter $2.00 p lu s 25c pos t .esre $2.25Ba sket Stand $I.OO plus 25c pos taee $1.25

LEARNPLASTICS

_

=-' s , Complete LOW COST Shop Method- HOME TRAINING NOW AVAILABLE

\A Get in on Hilt Moner ounortunl tle s In- Pl a sti c mol ding, ca st in it. rormina. carv -

I . ~<::? ~r:ie·~te·p~~~;~~I~~HJl;1 l;~~tr~~'Ath c~~~~~~All pl a stic materials Iu rrrlsh ed .

~R~T:REE INTERSTATE TRAINING SERVICEBOOKLET DEPT. C.7 PORTLAND 13, OR EGON

5 8 « WORKBENCH

It's Done With MirrorsKEN MURRAY

Painting With A MirrorWHEN YOU can't see around a corner where there aresurfaces to be painted, a small pocket mirror tem­porarily attached to the brush ferrule with a rubberband will do the trick. With it you can watch whatyou're painting and there will be no chance of missingsome spots for the weather to get at.

Simple Inspection MirrorA 5-CENT POCKET mirror and a 5-cent wooden dowel rodare easily combined to make a long-handled inspectionmirror that is useful in the workshop as well as in asmall manufacturing plant. All you need do is cut threenotches near one end of the dowel. Each notch, madewith a coping saw, is just wide enough to take the edgeof the mirror. They are cut at three different angles tohold the mirror in different positions.

PUBLICATIONS YOU CAN GET FROM UNCLE SAMCAMP STOVES AND FIREPLACES-This publication

lists and discusses many types of camp stoves andfireplaces, including barbecue pits and ovens. Itprovides information on general design problems,details of design, materials for construction, varia­tions in design and other useful data on location,design, construction and use of these facilities. 89pages; 50 cents. Catalogue No. Y 3.Em 3:2 C 15.

PAINT MANUAL-Homeowners as well as paintingcontractors will find this a useful and instructivetnanual. It covers in detail th e proper methods to beused in preparing different types of surfaces forpainting ; explains what kind of paints to use forvarious jobs; and describes accepted methods ofapplying base and finish coats to wood, metal, andconcrete, both inside and out. Paint and varnishcompositions are given, and numerous Federal paint·specifications are listed. 203 pages; $1.75 (clothbound). Catalogue No. I 27.19:P 16/953.

BETTER LAWNS - ESTABLISHMENT, MA IN TEN ANCE,RENOVATION, LAWN PROBLEMS, AND GRASSES-Thisbooklet tells how to establish, maintain and renovatea lawn; gives suggestions for coping with lawn prob­lems such as weeds, diseases and insects; and pro­vides descriptions of various grasses and groundcover plants. 31 pages; 15 cents. Catalogue No.A 1.77:51.

LIGHT FRAME HOUSE CONSTRUCTION-Most of thechapters in this bulletin offer information relating tothe type jobs which constantly recur in the buildingof houses. The subjects dealt with in these chaptersinclude foundation sills and girders; columns, joistsand bridging ; walls, partitions, and roofs; floors,sheathing, siding, and shingles; interior trim , andother miscellaneous items. The remaining chaptersdeal with framing methods for small buildings,characteristics of wood, and grading of lumber. 214pages; 60 cents. Catalogue No. FS 5.123:145 .

Unless otherwise indicated. all publications listed above may beordered from the Superintendent of Do cuments. Government Printing­Office. Washington 25 , D.C. Be sure to include the catn losrue numberas well as the title of ea ch publication ordered. Payment should bemade by ch ec k or money order payable to the Superintendent ofDocuments or by document coupons which are sold in sets of twentyfor $1. Postage stamps will not be accepted.

MAR C H - APR IL. 1 9 58 » 59

~~~ ~

r. Workbench ~~A

~~'YJ'~~The r-ha rrre (OL' r.Jassi fiec1 advertisemen ts is 70 ce nts a word payab le in a dvn noe bv check .cas h or money or de r. All c lass i fi ed set so li d. withou t dis play , lea ded. or blan k s pa ce . All co pysubjec t to pu blis he r 's approva l. For cl ar it y, pl ease ty pe or print you r co py . Be sure thu t uhec k.c urrency or mo ne y orde r accom pa n ies copy . Wh en figur ing t he n um ber of wo rds be sun' toinclud e nam e and address. For exam ple : W. C. J on es . is three words. Send yo ur copy in "Itonce . Clos ing da te for c lass i f ied ad ve rtis i ng is the firs t of the secon d mon th p reced i u g nuhli c a rlou.

Min imum 10 wo rds .

" 50 NEW HO~I E-BUSINESS Ide a' " Booklet .sample Free. Spray exotic Velv et-Suede on any­th ing. Flockcrafr-Ml-l , Los Angeles 61.

GR O W EX PENSIVE H erb s for Us! Big ProfitHome-Business of your ow n. Year around pro f­irunitv : \V e supply everyrhi ng necessary! Send forFree Amazing Facts and Revea ling Pla n. Na rionalHerb Exchange . Box MH . G arde na . Ca lif.

GRO\X-' A livi ne M in iatu re Forest or orchard ( onlyinches high ) . that bears tasty rinv fruit at home .Learn arnaaine Dwa rf ine secrets! Sensational Pas­cinari ne hobby, 55 S H ome-busin ess Opp ortunity.Free Details! M in iat u re Nurseries, Dept. MH , Gar­de n a. Calif.

CLIP VA LU ABLE newspaper ite ms. H un d reds worth25c to 5.0 0 . Stead y income . D orco, Box 494.Mun cie . In d.

MA KE MO NEY Writin g Shorr Paragraphs! N otedious study. I tell you what to write. where andhow to sell: and supp ly list of ed irors buv inc frombegi nner s. Man y srna ll checks add uo quickl y. Wr ireto sell . r ie ht awa v. Send for free facts. BensonBarre tt . De pt . C9N: 7464 Clark , Ch icago 26 .

$ :1 .00 HOUR . Mak ing, fi tti ng. Comfort Sanda ls,Youngs. 130 S PH Sourh First . A rcadi a. Cal if .

MAK E FLEXIBLE mold s. Cast plaques. figu ri ne ' .Free samp le . T ooke r, I04 S ~H Fair view. Hamil ton .Ohio.

AG ED HOMEWORK ER nets s 100 weekly ! FreePlan " Secret Journal Hidden D oll ars." Work home!Pu blico·F Y 2 . Ocean side . Cali f.

AGENTS AND SALESMENFREE FO LlO " 5.000- 4 5.000; Vacat ion s U n­lim ited ." Work home spa rerime! H aylings-PHH .Car lsbad . Cal if.

BEA UTIFUL Feat her Pictu res! Free Details. Sam ple20c Stamps. Apartado 1668. Mex ico I . D .F .

CASH CO MMI SSIONS at once. tak ing orders formagazines every family wants! No experie nce neede d.For Free mon ey-makin g kit, wi th everyth ing youneed . wr ite t-lcGregor Magazine Agen cy. De pt . 4 40.Mount Morri s. 111.MAKE CLEAN ERS. Pol ishe s. Cos metics. Anything!Literature Free ! Kern ixon , Park Ridge . 111.

RUN SPA RE.T IME Greeting Ca rd and Gift Shopat home . Show frie nd s sam ples of ou r wonderfulnew 195 8 AU-Occasion Greeting Ca rds an d G ifts .Take their orders and earn up to 100 % profit. N oexpe rie nce necessary. Costs nothing ro try. \'Vritetoday for samples on approval. Regal Greeti ngs ,D ep t. 6 2. Fernda le. Mi ch .

FREE SAMPLES! Beauti ful Feather P ictures. Sylvia w ,Aparrado 9036. Mexico I. D . F.

ARTIFICIAL FLOWERSBIG PROF ITS . Ma ke fast-seller che n iUe holidayflowers, mon key trees, doll s. Kit s, materials. Lit er a­rure free. Velva. Boh emi a 19 . N . Y .

'PRESERVE FLOWERS Indefinitely. Ple asant . Prof·irable , Eight rested me th od s. Arr crafrs, lOSt. J ohnRoad . Se. An dr ews. N. B.• Ca nada.

COM PLET E COURSE for flower mak ing in our 5volumes of Flower Craft Books. only $4.00. Learnto use woodfibcr , f ibe rtex, velva tex, crepe pape r,cheni lle. 356 Pages containing actual size p atternswith easy, simplified instruct io ns. Flower Suppl iesat righr prices. Write for free cata logu e. D ealershipsavailable if you can qu alif y. D ouglass Fiber & FlowerSupp~r Co.. 10 2 1 Farene Street . Indianapoli s. In d.

CAS H FROM W ood Fibre-New " Bus iness atHe-me" success tormul a booklet with \V holesaleCatal oe , 50c- r eaturi ng Rarnon ts Wood Fibre.comp lete line Flower Suppl ies. Bur D irect. Flora l­craft In J usrr ies-c--Bo x 26, Prince Street Station.New Yor k 12 . New York .

W OO D FIBRE For Artif icial Flowers 22 \l2c packin cuanr irics. Lowest prices o n fiber . leaves andche ni Ue. Free price list. H owercraft, Box 38 6 2P.Seattle. Wa shingto n.

ARTIFICIAL FLOWER MATERIAL. For Easte rStrrafO;Am crosses. V inyl flowers. \'\'ood f ibrc. C repe­paper. Lea ves. Ce nters. Free Jist. D afi. 60 35F Cer­mak . Ci cer o. Il l.EARN MONEY Making Ever-Lasting. Realistic Pla s­tic Plants and Flo wers. Easy to make , easie r to sell!Send for Free ill ustrated catalog plus bookle t "Howto Make Mon ey Selling Plastic Plan ts." Lady Carol.Inc.. D ept. Lc-6 0 . 2 11 S. W . 28 1h Sr. . Fr. Laude r­dale . Fla.

BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIESTO $100 .00 Weekly. Spare rirne , H ome Oper atedMailorder Busine ss. Successful "Beg inner's" Plan.Everyth ing Supplied. Lynn . 104 20 -W N ati on al .Los An geles. 34 .

60 « WORKBENCH

MAIL ORDER- advertising agencr execu tive revealssensatio nal no-r -isk ad ver tising and merchandisemethods. Start in off ice or home-mi nimu m cap t­tal-positive profits. Free deta ils : Impact ! 3·i07Pro spe ct. Dept . 4 3·4. Cleveland 15. O hio.

70 WEEKLY-home. spate time. Sim pli fied . mailbookkee ping. Immediate income-casy! Aud irax ,34757R, Los Angel es 34 .

MON EYMAKING OPPORTUNITI ES Galore ! FreeCopy. Popul ar Mech an ics Cla ssified. 6i 5 North St.Clair . Chi cago II.

PLAST ERCRAFT MOLDS. l iq uid rubber, plasters.flocks. cand le supp lies. Cata log and ma nu al fr ee.Blue Rap ids Supp ly. 50 5 Main . Blue Rap ids.Kan sas.

W RITE VERSES for Pro fit. 30 0 greeting card .magazine markets. Info rmation free. Hobb ies,1603-A-22 Sun Vall ey. Austin . M inn.

10 PROFIT IN an H our po ssible with the " Mag icW on der Meth od " of In visible Reweaving. Idealhome business, steady year 'round demand. D etailsFree . IRI 84 11· H La Mesa Blvd.. La Mesa. Ca lif.

560.00 WEEKLY. spa rerime-easy! H om e Ven eti anBlin d Laundry. Free Book. Burn . 24 34 1'0 W ichita13 . Kan sas.

HOME-IMPORT Mail Order Business-Import prof­itable item s below wh olesale. Experience and productinvestment unne cessary. Full , spare time. Famousworld trader guides you. Free list " 15 7 impo rts .",det ail s. Mell inger. P9 4 3 . Los An gel es 24 .

FREE FOLIO " 5 .000- .i ) .OOO, Unlimited Vaca­tions." No merchandi se, \Xlork home ! H ayfings­PH 2 . Carl sbad . Calif.

LEAR N PHOTO-N EGA TI VE ( Portra it) re touch­ing. Men , W ome n . 5 hour possible spare or fullrime ar home . Easy. glamorou s. W otk for Photog­raphers by mail order. Full detai ls se n t free. D uval ,100 So. Vermont . Los An geles 4.

MA KE NEW Greasele ss Doughn uts in kitchen.Sell sto res. Free recipes. Alfred Ray. 360 5 Sou th15rh . Minneapoli s 7 . Minn.

$ 2 50 .00 WEEK spa re time profit possible . Earnat home with new fascinating Printin g method. 5starts you-send no m oney now . Free Confidentia lFacts and Valu able Samples. Screen -Pri nt. MH , LosAngeles 6 1.

IN VISIBLE REWEAVING. Men -W ome n. Instruc­tion s shipped for no-risk examin ation . 5 in anhour possib le. Spare-full time . Reweave burns.rears, moth-h ole s like new at home . Free details .Skil -Weave. Dept. C-53 . 335 W . Madi son St..Ch icago 6.

RUBBER FOR MOL DS. Extr a Thick . Free Sample.W. W oole r . ] O]6-P D on ald . Peori a. 111.

BR EED RA RE T ropi cal Fish at home . Earn bigMoney! Learn secrets! He lp fi ll huge dem and.Am azing opportunity! Free Plan. T rop ical FishBreede rs. MH . Los An ge les 61. Calif.

G RO W OR CHIDS at home. Pro fitabl e. fascin atin g.Successful hom e gro wer exp lains special light . rem ­per atur e and hum idit y conditions orchids need . Free-full detail s. O rch ids. 100 S. Ve rm ont. Los An geles 4 .

W ANT T O Make Big Mon ey At Hom e? S I 0 .00profit in an hour possib le wi th Invisible Mendi ng.Make tears. hol es disappear from clo thing, fabrics.Steady year- 'round demand from cleaners, laundries,hom es. D etail s Free. Fabr icon , 625 8 Broadway.Chi cago 4 0. Ill.

REBUILD BATTERIES. Repair Doll s; Make Rub be rStamos. Catalogue " 7 5 Ideas" Free. Universal Box10 7 6-P . Peoria. 111. •

LIQ UID RUBB ER-Make flexible molds . FreeSamp le. Cha ney . 19 0 7-D East Road . J ackson vill eI I . Fla.

LET ME Sell Your Products N ati on all y. I'll send youfree infor matio n o n how to establish full timesparerime Casecraf r Bu sin ess. You Build ! ' X'e Sell;Abar si. 807 DJ Sunset. Los An geles 12. Cali f.

MOTEL-R ESORT Man agement - Qu alify for hun ­dred fascin at ing. lei surel y, well -paid executive open­ings. Learn at hom e. Free booklet. Morel Man agersTrain ing Sch ool . Dep t. P7 3C . 61 2 S. Serran o. LosAn gele s 5 .

ANYONE C AN Sell fam ou s H oover Uniforms forbeauty sho ps, wa itresses, nurses, doctors. othe rs. Allpopul ar miracle fabr ics-nylon, dacron. Exclu siveseyle.s, top quality. Big cash income now , real future.Equip ment free . H oover. Dept. C-11 2. New Yor kII . New York.

YO U MIGHT make a fortun e! 200 W ant ed In ­vent ion s and H ow to In vent Them. Free brochure.MCB. 122 1A W est Minnehaha Pkwy.• Minneapo lis,Minn .

WAXES FLOORS withou t " Wax," New In vent ion .No more floo r wax to buy. Sensati onal se ller.Samples se nt on tr ial. Krisree I 17 . Akr on. Ohio.

CAS H PA ID for simp le. local informati on ' Workhome - an ywhere - city, rural. Publ ishers, BoxI I -KM . Uni on Cit y. New Jer sey.

OPERATE SUCCESSFUL Mail order Business. Irn­P Ort merchandi se, no invent orv-e--ear ni ngs unlimited.D e ra ifs Free . \X'rife Whitaker. 101 Ram ona . V aca­ville . CaJif. Dept. WB.

SPARET IME CASH at home fili ng saws bv mac h ine.Free plan rell s how . Barr ett E. Foley Co . ColumbiaHeight s. Minn . .

CAMERAS AND PHOTOGRAPHIC SUPPLIES

FREE! FREE! Send for your new 52 page Ph oto­graph ic Bargain Book. O ver 5 .000 new and useditem s at huge savi ngs. For your Free Bargain Book ,wri te to Dept , 83. Ce nt ra l Ca mera Co.• 230 So.W abash . Ch icago 4. 111.

JEWELRY AND FINDINGS

1 0 .~ JIGSAW PATTERNS plus Al phabets S1.00 ,Barebo, O 'F all on 3. Mo.

FR EE J EW'ELRY Ca raloc. Make , sell be aut ifu l cos­rum e jewelry , Beck. 62 Van Houren , Paterson , N . J ,

COSTUM E JE W ELRY Sucplies. Swings, Rh ine ­sto nes, etc. 88 page ill ust ra ted ca ta log . 25c, Milady,Box 1328 , G ,P .O .. N .Y .C. ( 1) ,

MAKE MON EY at Home Assembling our items.No roo ls, sewi ng or experien ce nece ssary. Lee Mfg.•Dep r. 6 , 8507-W 3rd, Los A ngele s 48, Calif.

B'!Y WHOLESALE! Di scounts to 80 %! Gifts, Ap­pliances. Housew ares . T ool s. Warch es , ere, Midwest ,BW -1 56 . Pontiac, III.

MAKE YO UR Ow n Party Favors or Easter N ov.e lrie s, Complete kits with sty ro foa m. In struction s, andPatterns I each, or se nd 10 c for catalog ue andinf ormarion on how to get starred in the party favorbu sine ss. Foam Fantasy Company, 14 15 East Gen­esee , Sagin aw , Mi ch .

SAVE MONEY-"The Me at Bu ying G uide " givesfacts for econom ical Self-Serv ice m eat buying . Saveto 30 %. Complete S 1.0 0. W ill iam s, Box 4 12,Dept. W , Milton Junction, Wis.

OLD GOLD & JEWELRY WANTED

PARTY PLANNING, FAVORS

I WILL PAY 10 0.00 eac h for 192-1 Ic greenFranklin stamps, rot ary perfora ted eleven ( up toS 1,000 each unused ) . Send 20c for large iIIu5­tr ated folder s sho w ing amazing price s paid foro ld stamps. co ins and co llections. Baker-Stamps,65- W BE-38, O radell , New Jersey.

OLD STAMPS WANTED

H IGHEST CASH for Old G old Broken Je welry,Gold Teeth , .W aeches.. D iam on ds: Sil ver ware , Spec­tacle s. Free Inform ation . Rose Ref iners H eyworthBldg., Ch icago 2, III. '

S200. MONTHLY POSSIBLE, Sewing Bab ywear!No house sell ing! Send stamped, addressed envel ope,Curies, Wa rsaw 4. Indian a.

book s. FreeMilwaukee,

CLOCK rep airingAmerican, 2322-E

INSTRUCTIONWATCH ANDcata log. N orthChicago 47, 111.

UNFINIS HED WOODENWARE from the En­cha nted For est. Buy d irect and save on birch bowls,(fays. servers , planters. etc. Free catalog featur ingFin ish ing Instruct ion s. \Vrirc : Adir onda ck Sou­ven irs , O ld For ge I , New York.

LEARN ART Meral cr aft and jewe lry making.Com olere, inex pen sive . hom e training course nowavai lable. Soecial cools and materi als furni shed .W rire for free booklet. Inter state Tra in ing Service.Dept. L-7 , Po rtla nd 13. Or egon .

LEARN PLASTICS Fabrica tio n For spa re lime in­come. Low cos t hom e training now avai lable. Wrirefor free book let. l nrersrare Training Service . Dept.D-7 , Portlan d 13 , Or egon .

30 BIRD house and feeder patte rns for Mar tin s,Wrens. ere, Onl v s1.00. M astercr afr , 3 16 B, 7 04 1Olc ott , Ch icago .~ I. 111.

COSTUlII E JEWELRY setti ngs, find ings, rh ine­scones . pearls. Rh in eston e ear r ina ki t and C'ua lmw e50c. Illustr ated cata log I Oc. Hom -Art WB , Box4 035, Hammond . In d.

BIG PROFITS Raisin g earthworms. Free inforrna­rion. Lund 's Earthw o rms. Olathe, Kan sas.

DE SIGN SMA RT Fashi o ns fnt your self or ochers.Fascinati ng , profitable field. Learn at home in sparetime. Practical basic t rai ni ng. Sou nd " learn-by­doin g" method . Free book let . National Sch ool ofD ress Design , 83 5 D iversey Pa rkway, Dep t. 16 33 ,Chicago 14.

DRESS DESIGNING

EARTHWORMS

DECALS

SI ,0 0 0 MONTHLY PO SSIBLE , raising Earthworm s- Af rican Gi ants: Backyard. Garage . Basem ent .Co mp lete i llu strared Booklet . expl a ins raising . feed­ing, pack ing, marketing. Only 25c ! Oz ark \X'ormFarm -B. Wil low Spri ngs. Mo.

DOLLS , DR ESSED and U nd ressed . Supol ies, Instruc­, ions. Peggy's Doll House , Jeffe"on Ci ,y 12. Mo .

WIN CO N T EST Mon ey. G en er al Co ntest Bulletingi ves hun dreds of tips. Lists current co n tests ,rules. Sample 25c. Gen eral Co ntests, 160 9 East5th , Dept . 34 3, D uluth , Mi nn .

D ECAL CU TOUTS. T he newest th ing in reusabl edeca ls. Chi ld re n 's K irche n . Ba th . Den . Sen d 10cfor illustrated cata log. Au the ntic Decals. Box 335 ,Milfor d , Mi ch .

CONTESTS

DOLLS

FR EE FO LDE R. " How to Make $ 3 ,000 Yearl y,Spa red me . Backyard.. Raising Earthw orms!" Oak­haven 27 , Cedar H Ili , T exas.

ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT

ELECTRIC PENCIL : Engr aves all Metals, S2 .0 0.Beyer M fg., 10 511 ·M Spr jn gf ield , Chicago 4 3.

GUNS

WOO DCARVING , G UN ST O CKS. M in iarure ani­mals , figurines. Hermania An slin ger , 320 SouthRalph , Spoka ne, W ash .

HANDICRAFT SUPPLIES

LEATH ERCR AFT . COPPER Enameling . Mosaic Ti le,Meral Tooling. Many more C rafts. Comp lete IIIus·(faced Cata log 1Oc. Kit Kr aft 18 3. Studio City,Ca lif.

ART METAL T ool ing. En jo yab le profi table hobby.Big illu srrared catalog 10c, G roundm aster, Boul der.Colo .

HELP WANTED

HO MEW OR K ERS: Assemb le h and laced p recut moc­casins and han dbags. Good e rr n in as. ~:J.1 i fo rn i aHand icrafts, Dep,. 3 , Los An gele s 46 , Calif.

FASH ION DHIONSTRATORS - $2 0·$4 0 profi teven ings. N o del ive r in g or collect ing. Beeli ne StyleShows are Parr y Plan se nsat ion : Samoles furni shedFree. Beel in e Fashi o ns, Bensenville 87, Ill.

LEATHERCRAFT-' - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

FR EE. Ne w big illustrated catalog, Learhercr afr ,M etalcr afr W oodcr aft kits and supplies. Completestock , to p values , latest ideas. W rite today. ) . C.Larson Co., Dept. 753 1, 82 0 S. Tripp, Ch icago 24 .

LEATHERCRAFT, IMPORTED a n d d om esti cleather, ki ts. Complete cata log. 25c ref undabl e.Mida s, Box 125 5, Depr. M7, H untington Park , Calif.

SKIL -CRAFTS 1958 Cata log. W orld 's fin est Leath ­ere ra ft, Arc & Crafr Supplies. Free Bi llfold or PurseKit wi th firsr pu rch ase. Send 25c ( refunded withfi rst order) Skil. Cr af ts, Box 16 7 , Jopli n , Mo.

FR EE "Do-Ie-You rself" Learh er cr afr Cat1 I()~. Ta ndvLeacher Com pany, Box 791 -124 , Fort W orth , Texas.

MAKE IT YOURSELF" EVERYBO D Y LIK ES Candy. " Learn to make pro­fession all y hom e . . . ( Ou r 47 th year) , RagsdaleCa ndi es. D 9 , East Or an ge, Ne w Je rsey.

" EVERYBO D Y LIKES CAN D Y." Learn to makepro fess iona lly home. ( Our 47 th year) . RagsdaleCand ies, LB10 7 , East Or ange, New Jersey.

AMA ZI NG CLOC K BARGAIN ! H and some Earl yAmerican She lf clock , solid wa lnu t. mah ogan y,cherry. Worth $25 , just S9 .95 in simplified do- it­yourself kit. ~ Pr ea ssemb led guaranteed electric motor :precut woo de n pieces assure pe rf ect resulrs. Abso­lutel y guaranteed. Perfect for home . gi ft. RarewoodCr afts , 69 \X'. W ashington , Chicago 2.

MOLDSMA KE FLEXIB LE molds. Cast plaques, figuri nes.Free samp le. T ooker , 104 5-P Fairview, H am ilton,Oh io.

PATENTS, INVENTIONSINVENTORS : Learn how you can p rote ct yourinvention. A specia lly prepared booklet "ParenrGuide for the Invent or " co nrai n ing de taile d in­form ation concerni ng paren t prote ction and pro­cedu re together wi th "Record of Inve nti o n" formwi ll be promptly forw arded to you upon req uest­without ob liga t io n. W e are reg istered to practicebefore the U ni ted States Patent Office and areprepared to serve you in the handling of yourparent m att ers. Clare nce A. O 'Brien & H arveyJacob son , Registered Patent Atto rnevs. 85- A Dis­tri er N ati on al Build ing, W ash in gto n , D , C.

INVENTORS-If you believe you have an inve n­tion . you sho uld fin d Out how to protect it. 'Thefir m of McMorr ow , Berm an & D av idson with of­fices in W ash ington , D . C.. is q ua li f ied to takethe necessary sreos for yo u. Send for copy of ourParent Boo kle t "How to Pr ot ect Your In vent ion : 'We will also send you an "Inve ntion Record"form. N o obliga tio n. Th ey are yours for the aski ng.M e.Morrow , Berman & D avidson . Rez isrer ed PatentAttorneys, 266- P, Vi ctor Building , Wash ingto n I,D. C.

INVENTORS : IF you have an inve nt ion fo r sale,paren ted or un paten ted , write for free broch ure o u t­lining 'manufacturers' req ui rem en ts. royalry r a tes.Kessler Corpo ra tio n , 19 3-IW , Frem ont , O hio.

INVENTORS-This fir m is regi srere d to pra cticebefore the U nited Slates Patent O ff ice and availab leto assist you in the preparation and prosecu tio n ofyou r patent applicatio n. "Patent P ro tec t io n forInventors" boo klet contain ing de railed in forma rionand steps to rake toward parent protection sentpromptly upon req uest . No ob ligatio n. V ictor ) .Evans & Co., 402-C Merl in Building , \X'ashington6 , D . C.

HOBBIES BIG SUR PRISE. Liquid rubber less tha n who lesale.Par ricu la rs 10 c. Wesrern Che mi ca l, Sal em . Or egon .

AQUARI UMS . SNAILS. nlanrs. o rname nt s, cara­logue 1De. Tampa Bay Aquarium, General D eli very.Tampa , Fla.

HOME CRAFTSMEN

WOODWORKING and Cabinetmaki ng course forbegi nn ing and advanced home craftsme n. Onlyco m plete low- cost hom e rraining program avai lable.Wrire for free booklet . l n rersrare Train ing Service .Dept. G · 7. Portland l.l , Ore gon.

-1 2 FU LL SIZE An tiq ue. Co lonia l an d Modern she lfpatterns. A ll for s1.00. Masrercrafr. 3 15B, 7 04 1O lcott , Ch icago 3 1, I II.

FR EE. New cata log 2 150 artist-draw n desig ns,patterns, Crafrp lans, 13 2 2-F \X'ab ash , Chicago 5.

MUSIC, MUSICAL INSTRUMENTSSWI SS MUSICAL Movements ( Key or e lect rica l).Sp ielm an , 131 W est 42 nd ., New York 36.

OF INTEREST TO WOMENLEAR N PRO FESSIONAL cake decorati ng . Detailsfree . D eco-Secr e ts. Ven ice 5 . Cal if.

STOP TH RO\X'IN G Aw ay T hose Boxtops ! T hevreworth m onev! Some 25 c each! Inquire: Boxr op s-U ,Cedar H ill . Texas.

SEW APRONS in your home profi tab ly. Write :Adco , Bastr op , La.

SCASH , MAKI NG -Elowers spa rerirne. Free sample,Boyean Industries, Sharon 18, Pen na.

WHEN ORDERING BY MAILremember these s imple rules!

I. Address enve lope clearly gi v ing nam e ,d epartme nt number and addre ss o f t hoc o m p a ny you are wr iting to.2 . Be sure that in your letter (as well a sin the re t u rn spot on th e e nvelo pe) yo uha ve p lainly w ritten your o wn na m e , a d ­d re ss, city and st a t e .3 . Be su re that you ha ve listed the ite myou wi sh to b uy and enclosed the prope ramou nt as sta ted in the ad verti se m e n t .

These three suggestions will speed theadvertiser's service to you, and help

prevent misunderstandings.

MARCH·APRIL , 1958 » 61

HOW TOBUILD:HOMES

GARAGES& BARNSWALLS

FIREPLACESSWIMMING

POOLSCHIMNEYS

FOUNDATIONSTERRACES

BUILD IT YOURSELFThis EASIER way with '

CONCRETE BLOCKSand Save Money!Shows every step from how­to-plan to how-to· build allkinds of th ings with one ofthe most economica l fire­proof m ater i al s known.Over 190 picture s and cut­away diagrams show exactlywhat to do. Tells how tomix mort ar . how to setblocks; even covers pain t­ing concrete! A comp letemanual tha t any man canfollow with ease. W ashablecloth binding. N ew revised I ~editio n. 216 pages. ~re!e

FREE 5·DAY EXAMINATION (,()~' ...~Send n o money. P av ONL y ~,OV .I( l~I;)~~hi~ d~~\'eh7i i $36 0 V-you tater . plus l'lh l p· •

~~~. e::,:.t.;, n~[h rne~~lrn if you keep it

AMERICAN TECHNICAL SOCIETY ,;fi..ept, BV·9, 848 E. S8th , Chi,ogo 37 'I w"'"'

p--_ .-.-------------------~AMERICAN TECHNICAL SOCIETY, Dept. ST-3848 E. 58th St ., Chicago 37, III.Plea se se n d m e CO NC RET E n L O CK CON­STHU CTION for 5 Da ys F REE EXAM INA­TION. If I decide to keep -the boo k . I willse nd you $3 .6 0. pl us ah ip p irur costs. OtherwiseI will ret u r n it and owe you n oth ing.

PLASTICS

NEW LIQ UID Casd ng Plastic, clea r. colors, Em bedreal flowers , coins , ph otos. New Manu a! showsfin e th ings you can make at hom e and sell atbig profit, Send 25c. Casrcli te, Dept. C- I09 .W ood stock , I II.

PRINTING

100 EN VELO PES. s1.00. Depend abl e Ball Pen .30c. W ombles , Siler Ciey, N . C.

SHELLCRAFT

LARG EST W HOLESALE Shell craft supp lier in theEast. Sen d 25c for latest illu serared in struct.on bookcatalogue. Large Shel l-Art j ewel ry Kit $2.25 pp.Shell-Ar t Novelty Co mp any, 22 9 S. 9 th Street ,Philadel phi a 7, Pen na.

SH ELLCRA FT BEG INNERS Kit , Instruction Bookand Pri ce list, $ 1.49 . Individu al ea rr ing kits 49cOr 3 for $ 1.0 0. Allied Cra ft, 2 1 McKim Sr.,Ind ian apol is. Ind .

TWO N EW beau ti fu l easy-to-ma ke cut she ll earringki ts complete wi th instructio ns. and 1958 supp lyand design catalog for $ 1.00 postpaid . Miam iSh ell craft. 51 4 N .W. 79th Sr.. Mi ami , Fla.

SEASHELL S. SH ELLCRA FT and Jewelr v Supp lies.Illustrated Ca raloa 25c, refunded on fir st order.Florida Supply Ho use, Box 847 H . Brade nton , Fla.O ur 23 rd Year.

ILLUST RAT ED Catal og Supplies and Basic In­structions. 1Oc, Wholesale Pri ces, Caribbean, Dept.3A, Box 3 1 1, Sarasota, Fla.

SHELL JEWELRY Supplies. Wholesale o nly. Mc­Farlan d Plastic Co .• Sarasota, Fla.

STAMPS

225 STAM PS only I Dc wit h approvals. Mystic.Camde n 2 2. N Y.

10 0 OL D U. S. stamps between 186 I and 19 35only $ 1.00. Roush Stamp Co., 5 I Che stnu t, Mans­field . O h io.

FIRST U. N . set. Among W orl d 's Pre ttiest. O nly1Oc, Approvals. W elles, Box 1246-PH, NYC 8.

T ERR IFIC STAMP Bargain ! Istael- Icel and-Vati·can Assortme nt - Plu s Exotic Triangle Set - AlsoFabulou s Bri ti sh Co lonial Accumu lation-Plus LargeStam p book-All Fou r Offers Free-Send I Oc tocove r postage. Empire Stamp Corp. , Dept . PH ,T or on to . Ca nada.

FREE - VAL UABLE USA! ( I ) Scarce genuinepostag e stam p pictu ring first USA. issued in 1847 '( 2) Big collection 30 all-di ffe re nt United States;ancie nt 19th centu ry , valu able $ I stamp. etc . (3 )Co llect ion beau tiful Com memoratives. ( 4 ) Co llectorsGc ide : Big 64 ·pag e Bargain Catalog inclu d ing allUS Postage Issues; or he r excit ing offers! Send IOcfor mail inn expe nses. Har ri sco, 4 163 T ran sit Bldg.•Boston 17 , Mass.

100 OLD U.S. Stamos $1.00. H i· Fi Stamps. 97 4Averill , Man sfield , Oh io.

U.S. Stamps. Gi ant Barga in Caralog-e--!Oc. Ravmax ,35 ·VPH M aiden lane, New York City 38.

WOODWORKING

MAKE $46 From Square Foot Plywood ; Ji~sawnecessar y. Free Inf orm ati on. W oodans C-7 . Brid ge­water . .Mass.

Tools and

WHOLESALEUSE THIS HANDY INSERTION ORDER. Please Print.

Try a classified advertisement and reach V4 million home de-lt-yeurselfenthusiasts. Only 70c per word.

W orkbenchHandcraft Bldg.Kansas City 11, Mo.

Enclosed find $ .for.. _ months' insertion of the followingadvertisement in the classified columns of WORKBENCH. at 70c perword per month ( including name and address ) . Minimum 10 words.

~•

SOMETHING TO SELLto a quarter million

hardware, HUGE• PROFITS!

Start Your Own Business MORESell nationall y advertised too ls MONEY!to your frie nds and neighbor s. • ••••••••••••••••"Al so for industrial and insti ru- ~ Get up to :d on al use. New gia nt 1958 • SO 0/ :illustrated w holesale catalogue : /0:has on ly you r name on it. You : off :get all the orde rs and re-orders, ~•••••••••••••••• ;A MIL LION DOLLAR INVEN TORY AT YOURFINGERT IPS. N O ST OC K TO CAR RY, ORDERAS YOU N EED IT ! .. . Electric Drills, Saws,Sand ers, Micrometers, Vi ses, Leve ls. Socket Sets ,Routers and many ocher nam e bra nd tool s. ap­p lian ces, eiecrric too ls, po wer tools and ot he rs toO

numerous to me nt ion. WHO L E S A L E D IS­COUNTS UP TO 50 % off . . . Send $ 1 d epositand get the new 195 8 giant illust rated who lesalecatalo gue at no eXU3 charge. You r S 1 is cred ited[Q your fir st purchase or refunded if not 100 %satisfied . Write NOW!

U. S. CENERAL SUPPLY CORP.• ·De pt . # 11 7149 CHURCH ST.• NEW YORK. NEW YORK

NAM E .

ADDRESS .

CITY ZONE STATE .o Chec k here if you prefer to send $3.60 w ith

cou po n . W e then pa y all s h ip p ing co s ts .Same refund g ua r a n t ee .

; .

,.. .

N AME ..__ _._ _._ __ __..

ADDRESS _ ._.. .

CITY __. ._.__. ._.. ZONE.... ....ST ATE

62 « WORKBENCH

This Might Help

Test for Wall DampnessI have fo un d a test fo r d r yness

that I us e befo re p a inting a ny base­ment wall s . I fasten a lO-inch squa r eof clear cellophane to the wall to bep a inted . I us e Scotch tape or mask­ing tape for securin g the patch to thewall and ca re is taken that th e patchis s ecurely fa stened on a ll s ides . Ithen leave this patch for a cou ple ofdays and a t the en d of that time,if the patch is s t ill d r y on the s idethat is a ga inst the w all, the wall isdry enou g h to paint. If any moistureis present on the patch, your paintjob will on ly be a waste of time andm oney.-H ow ard E. Moody

Gripping Small DrillsEveryon e worki ng with to ols , from

p r ofess ional to p iddler. has probablyex pe r ience d th e frust r a t ion of watch­ing small drill s , Vs " a nd under , spinloose in drill chucks and s ha tte r . Be­si des the resu ltan t s poili n g of worka nd the inconv en ie nce of rushing outfor a re place ment . a s p inn ing drillcan score up ch uc k jaws destroyingco n ce n t r ici ty a n d so doing majordamage. To ove rcom e th is problemonce a nd fo r a ll, take a length ofbell or other soft r aw wire , wind ittightly around drill shank using thes h a n k as s pool. Snip off superfluouswire a n d cl ose j aws firmly on wiredshank. Now the pr essure on individ­ual jaws is distributed ov er a muchwider surface of drill-shank. Th e re­s u lt is g r ea te r e ff ici ency , reduceddrill breakage, and protection tochuck j aws by well gripped drills .

Albert U jcic

To Drive a Nail into Plaster

Often it is nece ss ary ( 0 drive an a il in to a pl a ste red wa ll to hold pic­tures, s helves a nd the like . First,drive the nail into the pl astered wall,wherever you wa nt it . Sometimes alath is pier c ed and the nail holds.Sometim e s , ev en in pure plaster , thenail holds sa t i s f act 0 I' i Iy . In thesee ven ts you a re a ll right. Nothingm ore is nec essa ry. But. in many in­s tances, the n ail m akes a large andno nholdin g hole. The thing to do thenis to pack the hole full of plastic wood,with n ail in precisely the position,where you w ant it. Then when theplastic wood hardens you will have anail that will do the trick. Don'tpack the hole full of plastic wooda nd then try to drive the nail throughthe hardened wood. You will thensimply knock the hard en e d woodthrough the former hole , therebymaking the hole still larger .

W. F . Schaphorst

Plastic Wood Made intoMetal Putty

When metal s u r faces do not haveto undergo mechan ical strain, plas­tic wood can be used a s a putty forfilling holes and d ents and becomesalmost undetectable. Just put a suf­ficient quantity of the plastic on asheet of glass or metal a n d mix inenou gh aluminum bronze powder togive it a good metallic color. Mixingmust be done quickly before the sol­vent evaporates, or a little lacquerthinner or fingernail polish removermay be added to restore the con­s is ten cy .- Kell M urray

Sponge Pad File's Tip

To keep your thumb a n d the t ipsof your fingers from chafing a ndbecoming sore w hen hanging on tothe tip of a fil e , pad the t ip with asmall sponge folded over the en d.You 'll be s u r p r ised how much m orecomportable this is than to hang onto the bare tip itself. The sponge isalso us eful to pad the tip of a w oodrasp in the s a me way.

John A . Com stoch

Handsaw Rack from Clothespins

Make a wall rack for your hand­saw from two common clothespins 'a nd a piece of plywood . Drill smallpilot holes in the body of the pinsto prevent the nails from splittingthem , and nail them to the boardnear e ithe r end of the saw blade.

If desired , you ca n dispense withthe board and na il the pins directlyto your bench or the workshop wall.

John A . Comstock

Guide for Spaced Holes

When it is n eces s ary to lay outa number of similar pi ece s of work ,wood or metal , for drilling a numberof spaced holes , use a spa c e r -sta mp.This is a ruler having a number ofsmall rubber bands spac ed on it asrequired and it is used wi th an inkpad like a rubber stamp. Apply th eruler to the work to be m a rk ed w itha light pressure so that the ink dotswill be small. The method also servesto mark plastic. rubber. pape r , hard­board, etc., and can be u s ed as ameans of spa cing before r u lingparallel lines .-K('II Alurray

MA RC H • APR Il , 1 9 5 8 » 63

CltY ZOne State .

Addre l'lB _ .

Pr ln l No In c .

----------------F A M I LY GARDENS N U RS E RY S ALES CO.D E PT . 16921 , DOWN ER S GR OVE, ILL .

o 2 - 52 .50 _ 5 1 .25 ea , 0 S-$ 5 .00 - 51 .0 0 ea .o 10-$9 .50-5 . 9 5 ea . 0 2 0 - $ 1 8 . 0 0 - $ . 9 0 ea .

T t-N ee Rad io Is Gua ra n teedto work Cor roue IICeti melUses no tubes , batter-tea ore lectrical plug· in . Neverruns down! Sm a ller than apac k or ctgurette I necet-..eelocal rad io sta tions mostanyti me, a n y w h er e w it h.ou t extra antenna. Usescr)'sta l d iode III ·Q Tuner .Beautifu l b lack go ld p la s­tic cabinet. Bu ilt - in S pe ak­erphone . SEN D O NLY $2 .00 (b ill . ck. mol and paypostman $ 4.99 COD on arriva l or send $ 6 .9 9 for pos t ­Pflld del,h.-ery . SENT COMPLETE-REA DY TO LI STE N'_l"OTH ING EXTRA TO BUY EVER! Ext ra long distanceaer ia l k it incl uded free for stations up to 1 0 0 0 milesa w ay r Availab le onrv Crom :Midwa y Co . Dept . CW.4 K earn ey, N eb r .

Sun your own bu sine ss at home. Casr plaque,novelt ies. figurines , ash crays, statuettes, bookends. Make your own flexible molds. 10.1 ' 0 makegarden vases, bird barhs, window boxes suadials, pOller y, ere. W rire today for free I~mpleand derails.H. Tooker, 1045·F Fairview Ave., Hamilton, Ohio

MAKE RUBBER MOLDS

SPRING EVERGREENBARGAIN,

U f'-NEE" ·~~r::L~~~SS LIFETIME RADIO

5 YEAR OLDCOLORADOBLUE SISPRUCE eoNorthern grown, Bushy Trees (In lotsThese tre e s a re 50 beauti fu l yo u' ll of 5)hard ly be lieve your eyes w hen you':;N' t he m delive red a t yo ur door this $ 9.50 f or 10~~~~~~ . h~o,,\_~~ed.e~~II\~~:nc~~j $18.00 for 20~A~~Ur: °i~ t~'b~i( 'Vk~DAr:gRR~·~1;.H~E~'"bT \'co\~•.very tn·..• Is I!IJrlhl;" rn g ro wn. E"xt ra ntco , w e n ­~haped. Pl a nt ln!: tna rrucrtone Inc luded.Post age pa id on pr("pal d o rd er s. C.O .D .'s wel co me .Limited off E"r_so p tease wri te today. 5 t ree s (or $:; .Orrlers for l(>fOs th a n :10 a re S 1 . 2 5 per u -ee-e-m tn tm u mo rd e r two t r-ees , Tfr e- more vo u o rd e r , t b e mo re vousa ve- I O t r e e s Cor 89 .50 , 20 for $ 1 8 .00.

MONEY BACK CUARANTEEOn arriva l If you a re not 10 0 0/0 sa ti sf ied s imJlly

ret ur n (or mone).. back .

.ee ee"e"""',e,"'",

• BIG • NEW •

• ~!I_~~~,!.~~~boy s fr om 8 to 12 w il l hav e Cun mak~Ing from sc ra p ma teria l. Inclu ded areno ve lties. toys , games . bird hou ses.

\ 0 • • ' w in d mills . e tc. Comple te di re ction s an d- .\~. fu ll s ize patt erns . Excelle nt for you th

• • le ad er s and Den Mot hers . Only S t . 0 0 .

MASTERCRAFT PLANS. Dept. 314B7041 O lcott A ve . • C h ica g o 3 1 . I ll ino is

Sylvia's De signsin full col or S1.00 ea ch

w ith instructio ns" Dec o ra t or for Ch in a"

$3.0 0Send for FREE Ca t alo g

Deal e r Inquiries InvitedSYlVIA'S CHINA STUDIO ,

Dept. P HBox 463, Klamath Fall s. Ore.

Slats Provide Privacy

An easy and per m anen t way tor ep a ir s m a ll holes which developin eave tro ughs is to us e a screwof a ppropria te si ze , toge ther w ithm eta l a nd fib er washers , or awashe r cut from a piece of ro llr oofing p aper, clampe d t ig htly,m aking the hole leak pr oof.

R . S . Ho ward

Painting HintsIN ADDITION to spreading severallayers of newspapers on the flo orwhen painting chair or t able leg s ,I place a shallow ja r lid undereach leg. This keeps the paintedleg from sticking to th e paper .

Blanche Campbell

H E TALWAS"e~

Screw Repairs Eave Trough

An easy way to add privacy to awoven fe nce is illustrated here bya homeowner who is inserting inch­wi de strips of Ma soni te Vs " temperedP r esdwood through the openings.That simple proced ur e screens un­sightly a reas and affords familyp r iva cy . At the same time the stripspermit air circulation and the pene­tration of some sunlight. Frictionholds the strips firmly in place. Theydon't need to be painted, as the ma­terial will withstand the weather aswell as the wire fence will.

T ed Morgan"Last rea r we sharp­ened and r e pa I f edabo ut 1000 lawn me w­ers tor a net Pfortt of$2 .600, " san K G." Years e ao, I boug hta Foley Lawn vroweeSharpen er' ; " writ es ,,,.T.J . . " t he best inv est ­m en t I ever mac ho. [ha n ma de a Rood Ih' ~

i n~ ror my wif e a ndmyse lf . a n d have putmo ne y int he ha nkbesides. "

SEND FOR FREE BOOK

99 c Pro fit On Each DollarIt co....ts Iess tha n one cent permower Ior elect rtclt v and mn­terial. T h t> Foley sh a rpens nilbl ad es and cutter bar togeth erJu st lik e law n mower manu ­Iae t ur ers do i t . Start in spar et lme In bas ement or ga r age.T he F oley handles up to 3 or .amower s per hour - pr ices f un$1.50 to :\.00 (or ha nd mew­ers - , 5.00 to 8.no tor powermowers .FREE-VALUABLE ILL US ·TRATE D BOOK shows how tosharpen all Iead ln g makes ofpower mowers. Peter pricesare low - Pasy pa ym ent pl anIE'I... "'OU par for ma r-hlnewit h prof it s. ""HE E P L A Xtell.. how to sta rt - no can ­va ssin g. Send cou pon t oday- no sa lesman will ca ll.

Ma ke big profita on t housands of exotic im ­porta . No ex pe r ience or i nv estment in I?ro­du et. needed. Famous world t rader g 'uidea

~r~nft~:1nw~~nn-;:~0::.:~~ h.ot': rttO f:r~k:~

.~r. ti me h o m e m a ll order bu. ine••_Open cash o rd er s , tak e out t h e m o ney . d eductyour p r o fit s , t h e n have t he imports shipped

~~:~I~~~~Oa¥~~:~o ra:e·::m~:.toO~h~~d"volum e orders fo r w hol esalers, gi ft o r d epart ­m e n t s tores . ete, Export op po r t uniti e s al so .

FREE SAMPLES-Contacts AbroadF ollo wi ng o ur p la n you will r ec eive f r ee . 8

63" irnports- and m em be rs h ip in In te rn a ti o nal. Tra d ers w hich p rovi des yo u with m o nt h ly

bulletins r e ve a li ng f or et g n prod u ets wi thnames a nd a ddress e s of o ver s ea s supplie rs .

Huge Uncrowded OpportunityE ach y ear m ore im ports a re off ere d in U , S.an d sna pped up by mail o rder and store bu ye rsalike. A nd t he wo rd " im po r ted" is li ke mag·Ie to th e m ill ion s w ho want new. rare, rema n ­ti c a n d u nu sual g ifts a t bi~ s a v i n g s . A ndt here se eme to be no end to t his d e mand . Oth-

f~~e~:~n~o~~~ :~~u~~: rh~ :~rh~~~:ta~~~~so m e profit s . Why not you ? Get full de tails

and list of 157 imports sbcwinsr s mazing lowforeign priecs-A LL FREEl T her e ' s noobligation . N o s a les m a n willcaJl on you .Ai r mail t-each es os over night , Write .

THE MELLINGER co.1717 Westwood Blvd .. Dept. P233. Los Angeles 24, Calif.

64 « WORKBENCH

IFOLEY MFG . CO.• 494.8 Fo ley Bld g.,Minn eapolis 18, Minn.Sen t! 1,'ln :1': HOOK an d I"IU: F. PLAX on

~~:III:: . ~~.~~ . ~~~\~.~~.~~~~~~ ~~~.~ ~I ~ ~~~S.S .Adrl res ~ . . . • • • • . • • .• ", .• ••• • •• . • . •• • •• .•• ••• • .••••

SAVE UP TO 750;0

" 1l"" ,Zf'S Thru " [JIG Drillill g J obs

Reg. $44.95-0UR PRICE $2995Dests ned (or uroresslonat erattsmen whowa n t a lon ger - Hfe , trouble-free. heavy plu s $ 1.00 PP•d ut y drllJ . tha t \\111 go t h rou gh the & h d lg.l<!u~he~t or woods and metals! T he ~kll !h" d rill Isb1): and powerful let lhrht we lah t and ea ...}' to h andl e.H as a power-packed motor for clrillius.r UD to %" onsteel : one inch In h a rd wood s. Used wi th hulesaws forcutting U1' t o 3 " d iameter ho les . Low spl rHlIe spee d pro­vldes the hlgh torq ue to h and le to ug-h dril li ns.r jobs Inheavy metal and lumber. Detaeha ble hancll e elve s extracontrol. Fea tu res sw ltrh with " OX" bu tton. svrln'R I~ad ­ed for automarlc shut o rf- butt on for su stained drtutne :powerful 3.5 am p. Unlversa l AC-I)C motor to GO cydl:'s:zeared ch uck an d kt·y; Hghtweiaht bcu-Ine: 115 Volt;50n Hl':\ I ; 12'h " long : we!J::hs i % Ih~. : u r, 3 11!JrOHcl.

·~A7.~~I~;,:EV;ryifumeow-;;er

~ A~X~~I:. ~,~IV~C~~~' l thall the power needed for sawing fous

ar ound the house . 7AOm~ It s war t hrough nbwood wall ­board, tonaue-and-groovs bClant" a nd many' other' mate­rIa ls . F ea t u res poalt lve de pth an d bere t adjus tment s ;a utomatic t l' l e ~co1'lns.r blade suard : larg-t' suppcrt ln g Iootems 1 fi /~~:! " ..,in de pt h and 1" beve l a t -I," degrees. Un I:versn ! A C -DC motor up to eo crete ... ; :{G50 m-xr, H a sru ll)' enclosed momentary contact tMJ::"· $ 2 4 9 5ger switch . Blad e guard has safetv re -tractor handle. -

plu s SOc PP. & hd lg .

6* " t' roresstona t Rl\: ILSA"'-~ame as s 3 595above bu t with lots more power. fr ictionc lutch . full n ,p. motor. 5800 H p~ 1.

---- ....!! '.!!!.~0!..!'£:..~!!!.2:

Famous Shop-King Portable JIG SAW

Latest Model! Heavy Duty!

~~ )11:z AMP%11 SKIL DRILL

• •

Sna ps on to a n}' 1A ". 5/ 16" or ~~ "ell'rtr le d rllI In st'<'on ds. Does work orJ I/.:. l-\" eyhole . Copln s.r. Hip , Crosscut.Ba Uff an cl I l:l ck"a w. Cu ts Intricate1'att ' ''rn s. ('1r<'It's-no matter how la r J::e- in pl n m oll. pla ..t1cs . mt'ta1 - e\'(~n('uts 2 x -I ' ~ . Starts In side ho l...s wUh ­am hori n s.r :-:t'((·l lI hrl('at ln~ hearl n~sn u ll t - tn a utomatic ai r blower . Ess·,:to han.lle ht,("81l"e of Its rls.rht anlliedrh·e . ~t ron s.r !'O:!f fO ty ~'oke aocl wormd rh'e ('lamp make It "lbraUnn -proof.E xt ra J:lr J::e !":hoepla tt" a ssures acc u ra te plu s 35c pp. &a n d squa rp ClitS. hd lg .

FREEI4 ALL PURPOSE BLADES ( A St 4 0 Valu e )• ONE YEAR FACTORY CUARANTEE !

~.' -'!!i-2oC~~1LBRUSHESClose-Out-Only 5c eachl'rt'Clsion ('raUed In " 'es t Ge r .man)'. P erf t"C t (or arrhl:ts . touch ­Ins.r tip around hall SI:'. ('Jtoa n lnR

' . ('ll'C'triral a nll optica l In st ru m en t s:lnd KUliS. S izes ra n~e fr om fi n e #'1 to ru ll 015 s el i~allll'l hair firu~b' ~t in meta l s.rrl p to Jrh'e .... toe?)ears of lI~e. \\ ort h many d oll a rs but Al~J~ $100_0 yours (or on ly , . .. . . .... Pp d .

~.'~iLl"~F7:;i~~;ilJOl Xo "ar OWO"r can arror d to

he without a fJa re kit - itIlla~· ";3\"e' yonr lire a nd the Urea of Jon 'd ont's If sta lledon the road for arl)' reason. I~ it contai ns 3 lo' U J.I .. ]l Oll nea s)' I1~htln '" windproof. ra inproo f flares plus extl n ­/.:ulsh t'r . B rlltl llllt flares can be set' n for severa l hundredfect--(':l fl he rc u ..t'(1 time and 8Jlnl nl Al so hl ea! as a..ourc'c· o( Warm th for wint er via}" ; Cor l hth tJn g camp firesa l1l1 ha rlJ"cll es ; a SOUf(' e of eme rgenc}' lhdlt $100or eookin~: Ktllrtt' liR:ht throuRh dark an.'a s.Sa fe a nd ea sy to lise. C..om1'act.

------------~!...!.~~~~:Ii S~,!.o~.~~..M.~~!:"'~~,~~~~~, mnJ;:nels--each the size of a Jelly bf'an-

wu lifts o\'er * pOlmt1l Sewn In to oot hold ­e rs , towels o r s ho wer c u rta ins - makest hem se{' ur('l ~' c Hnl{ to stee l. Hold s Ite mslin c111o;h hoarll , ml:'ta l ftl e-s, c!(>Olnn str n t lnnor hllll, 'l ln hoa rels. HPCO\'er Irf'Jns fro m

hard-to-Ia·t-at V. 1:1ceil. I· u ll s throllJ::h R'lu'l. $100wooll . VlIpl' r . Jeatht'r. pJa st lc-an:nhi nll bu tiro n...\ 11 10 rust proof l1lallne tS . . . ... . . . . . . . ppd .

Less Than 12c Each

Brand New l Top Grade l U.S.A.

FilII /lllll/.W fro". 1 /16" T 'hro ugl«

Durex HOLE SAW•• oJ) "/~

WIth f! x clllSIl' f! 'II~W " ~'"

Automatic SLUG EJECTOR \ (iI:- ~4 Hole Saws in 1 \~ ~

. - .....1' . .:~ll\~e~~i~0~~~t1~1t~~~:~lllcd~::~ P~j;:~ ~=::p_,tor IX)Jl5 out Slt l /.: IlIlll1l·dla teir. - - -Th is sa w works :l times 8S fast a s ot he r hol e :'laws thatsell for twlee as m uc h l Cuts I", 1*" . 2" a tHI 21h"holt'S. clt'anl)', accurately. Cu ts woo el. p las t I('s . meta ls.formica. wa ll hoard , etc. li as ex tra ~roon's In tool hf';ulto areommodatt" 1 t,4" , 1*., lind ~ t,4" h lades. Con si stsor sltml\' a lloy too l hend , 4 fi nest rtl1a llt \' 4shattc' f!)roof hl:lIles. a ntomat lc sil l/.: fljl'eto"r S 9Sa nd 1,4" d ri ll hit. ONLY

plu s 35c PP. a nd hd lg.

REVOLVING LEATHER PUNCHES

pl us 25c pp. & hdl g.

H ere' s the greatest drill value weh a ve ever offered I P recbd on cra ft­

e<l Il WIl SP E I·;n STE E L DHlLI.Smade rig-ht here in th e U.K A" uncon ­

d ltfuna lly guaranteed to l'8s ilr. CI('8 111yand ~l't-'l't1i1.r dr il l through the hardest steels

Or any touch metals a nd. or course. plastfcs,alumln um, wood , etc. T hese are not cheap ca rbo n

d r ill s th a t d ul len after a sho rt t lrne, but to p qua lt tv.full Jobber - Ienztu sha nk drill s with keen cutt ing edgesthat will erre you perfect perf orm anc e every t lme! lma g­Ine! You g-et ~l drllI s---()( all mo st -used si zes fromneedle-stzed 1/16'· throu ah IH" c--Ideal ror industry andhom e-s-f or lise wlth portable or ttxed erecrrtc dr ills.If you can buy these drill s for less than $10.00at any store, keep one of the drills for yourt rouble and re t u r n the rest fo r a full refundl

f~--CLOS~OuT-sncIAL

SAVE $4.55 on AReO-SAWREG . $ 12. 50-0 UR PRICE S79 5

with Precis ion Gradu. plus

ated Depth - BeV"I - lO~.r.~ :Rip Gauges - 5" Arcosate-cut bl ade.Ea.:"jJy at tached in Il ' SS than a mi n­ute to a n) ' '.4II electr fc drf ll , thissen sat lon nl geu r- rtt lven sa w attach­ment \\'111 go th rou gh ~x4 's In onecut . . . S times faster Ula n a

handsaw! Th e 5" Sawblad~ wlll sm oo th ly an d rapldb­whiz t hrollJ:h l11m bt·r . Vl)·wood. wallboarll, etc, ( 'omf'swit h p fl'c1s ion Rrad tla t ed DEPTH & L EVEL GAUG ESfor cuL.. to H~ ". be...els from 0 t o -15 de~rl'es: AnJ U~T­

AlI l, I'; Hl l' GA UG I,; ADJ UST ABL E VI S UA l. G UIDE ;sturdy. easily adjustecl SAF.....,. Y Y() I\: I'~ ; " 'OI DI HHl\' jo;CluU JI '; HIGIIT A:,\( ;U; G I;A1t D1un; ; () :'\~:-I' It:CE

GI-:AIl BOX with ..;tcel gears and .self- l ubrIca t ing LII"E­T D n; B t:....\H I:\"G~: Aft'O- :-:aw Ust'S 30 % less power;hlade I!asll~' lemm'N] am i res harpenf l) with ord inaryhan t! " ill': ideal for ri p, crossc llt , IIIltre . (hull! :lIld he,'elC'utti ns.r. I ..imit £'d Ilua ntltles a t thi s I Al'\" . LO W pric e.

• Housewives • Schools~Hobbyists • Ch ildr en 0

• Leather Workers)ta kes clean , sharp hol es-6 di ff er-

:l~~St.~ I~~tl:~th~l:~ J~~li:r;ie~ile t::~l~:~; $1 59for plUlch hll: holt·~ in helts, shoe!')o. plu s 25cha/.: stra p... to t1Jl"tt'n thelll. Hep n l r pp . & hd lg .ha sehall g- Im·e..;. T he kids wil l use It to make wall E' t s ,h3lt S at home. In arts a ncl craft cla sst"s. At thi s 10 \\P I' il' P , a n hll 'a l bur. 9" lon l!" . wit h 1>nU ..IH.>f1 kn ur ledha nd le s. stl'OIlJr sprlns.r. 6 st andanl tuhl's. hra ss a m"1 1.S P W (~ e r rn a n imI>ort!

•

. Wood Working VISE

~. For h om e and s ho p. a mateu r

o r pro. A mec ha n icaJl yperfec t, so li dl y constructedv ise w it h Cu ll 5th " wide jawst hat open to 5 " . F ea t ur e

sm oot h- work ing- poli sh ed s t ee l bars t hat g'li deea s ily back an d for t h ~..e t fir ml y and secure lylock work rOI" cvcn t he fi nes t or S26 9p rec is io n cra ft i ng'. A tt r a c t i v e redenamel bod y.

Surgical Steel-Hand Ground

Set of 12CARVING KNIVES

11 ·Pc. DRAFTING SET $3.00

ppd.H igh lu str e ch rome plat ed tnst ru ­m en ts of out stundlng quality an dac curacy. ~t't Includes P lnln a ndIt fn gh ea d Bow Dtvlders . Compassesfor us e with in k Or uenctt. HullngP en s and all nec ess ary parts. P ackedIn a velv et ltned, snap hunan cl os­ure, simulated leather en -e .

AMAZING BLOCK & TACKLE• PORTABLE . • • weighs only 13

02S., fits in pocket!• ONE HAND OPERATION • .•• POWERFUL • • •

1,,--~ L1FTS UP TO 1000 LBS.!

SURPLUS TOOL BARGA NS FROM DISTRIBUTOR

21 HIGH SPEED $250DRILLS

Amazing Work Saver For• Yacht smen • Truck drivers

• Farmers • Handymen • Motor ist sHere s an unusual tool. e-ven for us! It's the tiny.:\li d get Ba be Bl ock ,," Tackle. It weighs on tr 13 oa.,yet is so po wer ful , It lift s up to 10UO Ibs. ea ..ib·! He­l'anse- of its gr ea t st ren gth. sm a ll sfze. co mple te port­ab1Ji tj:-th i ~ bloc k ~\: tackle bas many u ses . In }"OIlTcar for emer ncuctes. for home. factory. farm . . . torload inlt heavy articles . For s VQr tS ITIt"Il: loading deer ,bea t s, etc . For a n yon e who ha s to do heavy lIt'tluJ:l1-"10ely engfnee red thr ou gho u t . be-t Jrrat!e aluminum,stee l a xle s. pre-Iub rlc ated (o r life. HOist s h a ve twoIlftioJ,! su nes, at top and bo t to m , with heavy weldedstee l r-Ings. :-:lin~s enn be doubled to r extra st re ng th.Complete with 60 n, 1l}'I OIi COI'< l. 5 to 1 $ 9 9 5ratio - 1000 lb. tes t, Carryi ng ba g.I ns t r llC" t ion s. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ppd .A LS O AVA ILAB L E - Ti ny Bab e - Lifts up to 2000Ih!'.! \VHh 100 ft. nylon cent. ';" - 1 ratio, :!f100 lb. teat- 15 oz. wgt, Twice as pcwerf u l as 9.95 mod el-only

$12.95 ned.I yr . gua ra nte e on both mod els

Automatic Siphon Pumpsensat i onal lOW price $1.9 8

ppd.XoW'-siphon a ny li quid automatIC'alb'. safeh.\\"J TII Ol ' T PlItllnJt tube to mouthl SQueezebulb. ll quill start s to flo, ..· ImmediatelY IT r an sp a rent spetlons let you see liquid Haw­Ing-I ~Iphon a . pum!)s /.:aaollne. water. a ny1IfJlliei. E"en ael<l..;. eor ro."i\·es l F or cars.hoa ts . power mowers , cam per s. plumbers.tloctON. chemist..;. factories I ~\ e l d resistant.O"er 'l r1. 10n ~ 1

ALSO AVAILABLE-Heavy Duty Sipho n, $2 9 81/2 diameter tUbing, 8 It. long .Pod.

;'~I~ II ;lt~i.'"~..~::~iC:t~~~~ $200hhH It>.!l we ha "e e v e r ppd.

seen-sharp t'lIou"rh to spli t a human haIr In twol J ~

lJi((ert'nt sha!H-'s a nd edJ::es (' lUI do e'·ery joh o( woodca rvlnK. mOlIe1 JI1akin~ . linol eum r lJtt ln s.r , scuJptin~ andwhiUllns.r hna ~lnahle. Eaeh hlafle h as 8 ·Ph " long h ard ·wood ha ndlf' fur eas~' gri pping- , . . hea ":r tlllcr hlad~h firm ly attachc'l l h)' means or a hra ~s ferrule to Insure100IIf, contlnlll'tl r ll~~l'fl U Sl! , }o;a l'l l llu rs.rh'al sH'e l hla lleprt'cl"lo n hanl! s.rrollnll to ea:o;lly a nd quickly noteh andcut any ~h a P€' YllU wish. ~\ se n..;atl onal all-purpose set.wflil worth $5 .!l5.

Save Hundreds of Dollars in Repairs

OKUN'S PLASTIC METAL TIllA p pli e.• Uk" Putty . • • - - - -

lIar/I"lI ,' Uk" S"'el 'F'"'~••• III i' l i ll ll t C,fi ! ._....., _ ....

Any brenk, ('rack or h ole in mewl, ", hiSS . w ood ,p lastic, concrete. s ton e . cem en t o r porcelain ca nbe re pa ired in a j iffy by apply ing' pu tty 80 CtP las t ic Met al - and in 40 m in utes it h a nlen s inton ri gi d s te e l· li ke so li d t hat ca n be sa n ded, fil ed .sa we d , dri J1ed. m a ch ined a nd buffed t o a g-leam -ing lu stre. Can't r ust! Adheres to 3 oz. Ja r

~o~~. sp~~~~~ 7'~~hr:~~~:~;I)·e:tsoi~ $100pipes. bo iler, f ue l tan k , car ra d ia to r, L g , 6 oz. jarboat hu lls ; crack s in m otor blo~ks. $195fende rs , lamps . Jewe lry. t oys . bIke , 2 1,1. Ib

sink . etc. N o ho u se. s ho p or pl ant $2S9Sanca n a ff o rd to be w it ho u t it !

A d d 1 5 c t o e ac h for p p , & hdlg .

SCOTT-Send ch eck or M. O. If C.O.D.• fees extra. Money Back Guarantee.

ITCHELL HOUSE, Inc., Dept. W·3, 611 Broadway, New York 12, New York

IMAGINE GETTING• $1 Chlorophyl Tablets, 7V2C pkg.• 15c Textile dyes, 31/2C pkg.• $12.95 Name brand Kitchen set,

$3.25.• $49.95 Gold Bracelet, Boxed $4.75.• POSTAL SCALES, 7V2C each!• $2.98Horserace game records,30c ea.• $1.95 Men's silk ties, 121/2C each!• PENCILS, 144 for 571/2C!• 69c Insect Repellent, 5c each!• CHRISTMASSEALS, 25c per 1000!• ENVELOPES, 50c per 1000!• 35c DRESS PATTERNS, 3c each!• Calendar Wrist Watches, $5.00 each!• $10 Men's Toiletry Sets, 60c each!

• New Bobby Pins, 70c per 700!• $5.50 Lucite Hairbrushes, 65c each!• $1.75 Rudolph kidstoiletry sets, 35c.• NEW HAIRNETS, 1/2Ceach!• $1 Automatic Card Shufflers,

9c each.• 39c Under Arm Deodorant, 2c jar!• 25 card asst. Xmas cards, l lc box!• 50c Everday greeting cards,7V2C box!• $200 Govt. SurplusTypewriters, $23.• $1-$3 Hard coveredbooks, 20c each!• 49c Xmas window decorations,

lOc per set.• Famous Brand $18.75 Perfume, $1.• 69c Insect Repellent, 5c each.

• New Phono Records, 45 & 78 RPM,7c each.

• BUTTONS, 144 for 25c.• CIGARETTE HOLDERS, lc each.• $1 Kiddies Handbags, 3c each.• $1 Val. Billfolds, 15c each.• $2.50 Wallets, 30c each.• LADIES APRONS, 6~c each.• D.E. Razor Blades, $1.50 per 1000

blades.• $1 Mufflers, Scarfs, 12V2c each.• Plastic Toy Guns, 2c each.• 25c Rudolph Reindeer brooches,

2c each.• $15 Electric Percolators, $5 each!

(Above bargain list merely illustr ates type of Barga ins usua lly f o un d in th is paper. Lists Natu ra lly change from mo nth to mon th .)

Look What Subscribers Are Saying!

PLUS HUNDREDS OF OTHER SENSATIONAL BUYS!

ONLY IN "BARGAINS" WILL YOU Find Every Month Similar-• BANKRUPT, CLOSEOUT, SURPLUS BARGAIN OFFERS. BARGAINS AT WHOLESALE

• BELOW WHOLESALE • RARE MONEY MAKING OFFERS • New and Unusual Item InformationONE issue of this SENSATIONAL Publication can make or save you MORE MONEY than the COST OF THE

ENTIRE SUBSCRIPTION! This is the ONLY Big National paper of this type in circulation! You'll beAMAZED, FLABBERGASTED and DELIGHTED at the wonderful listings in every issue!

Toys, Books, Jewelry, Greeting Cards, Cosmetics, Household Mer­chandise, Appliances, Industrial Materials, Machinery, Tools, etc.

Reg. Pr ice Is $ 3.00 per yea r, BUT YOU CAN STILL BUY 12 BIG ISSUES FOR $ 2.001 Just 18cp er mo nt h l Sa ve y ou r self $ 1.00 by subscribing now. AND SEE OUR AMAZING MONEY BACKIF NO T PLEASED OFFER BELOWI Act Fast , this offer Is subject to wlthdrawol at ANY TIME!

r----------------------------~TOWER PRESS, INC.Box S91 , Lynn 881, Mass.

O. K. Here 's my $2.00 for 12 mo ISSUES. Rusb mefI rs t copy l

BIG 1957 CHRISTMAS ISSUESIYou r suhscr lp t lo n will automa tlcs l1,. teetude the BIG19 57 C HR IS T MAS I S S U E S- Ju st In tim e for t he b is:h o li d a y season. S pecta l Issues ja m m ed fu ll of a m azi ngh o li d a y ba rga in s . I m a at n e be ln R' ab le to b uy $1.0 0w orth of goods a t 1 5 e . 2 5 c or 3 5c .

)t· s HARD to b elieve. but IT'S T ilE T RUT U I T err ificIJa~ains can eave vo u 4 0 0/,,· 8 0 0/17 or more on ev erydollar yOU s pe n d !

Bargains as low as 10<·25< on the Dolla r !

[.]~lfI:Z·3R#;I·]li4t:il~I·'·VMI!·' ~"OO

~~~~hA~~~n~rtWp'1~~i ?f~~W2W~Rk°i.iK~~ttl \V.C!~;.gains" Is availah le b v SUB~CnIPTION ONl.Y . It' s t h eo n ly pa per w e k now In e xtst ence t h at ectua nv 1I:<; t8Ba nk rupt . C loseou t. Surp lus o((er B eve rv m on t h . Ba r.gains so r a r e a nd terT lflc . yo u 'll b li n k you r e ye ll Ina maze men t I

Your Money Back IN FULL

lif thefFfr st IssueDoesn't PleasEt., OU!

W e HONESTLY thi nk 11"11 pOll flllbJe for yOU t o do thi sw it h in a )'e a r's ti m e . For PROOF . . . s ee t e sttm on tatte t t e r-e . . . o r bette r sH H. PR OVE IT F OR YOU RS ELFBY SURSC R IB I NG.

MAKE FANTASTIC PROFITSI

~~~~I~~s Y~~' I~~srU~ .:l1tJiaT'A~ ,~~;~gll~: :: ~~r~;r~offers In rnerch anrtts e AT LO W WHOI.E SAI.E PRICES .a n d t h e n otters t h em to s ubscrt ners on ly at NOP HOfo' lT. P erm ita yo u to buv a t d e a lers pr ice51 T h isIs bu t ONE featu re o f BA RG A INS I

SAVE Up to SIOOO-EARN Up to S30001

BUY CHE AP -SELl. CHEA PI T h at" s w hy tho u sand s o fsmart sa lesmen. s tore o wners. jobber-a, etc. b u y t h ispa pe r-I T h e v k n ow w h ore t o buv at CnF.A PF.~T P RI CE SlNO R EA SON w h y YOU can' t "DO T HP. S A" 1F.I xta n vartic les . f eature s everv mon t h show vou n O\V t o se llba rg a in s fo r bi g p rofi t s-I( s-ou d o n 't k n ow how l

Here '« Wha t Subscribe rs sa y a bout "8a1ga;n~"

Afte, Receiving Thei, first cop iesl" , • • Your book BARGA IN S Is Ju st wo nderfu l an d I am ~eryglad I sub scrib ed to It . " - H. K.• Port Monmouth, N. J." . . . As a result of answering on e of th e ad s (in Bargains)it has resulte d In ext ra profits of $40.00 an d upwards permonth ." - J. H. • Alabama." . . . Saw your wond erful pap er an d enjoye d every bit of Itsrf'lading an d adv, It ' s a Great P ap er ." - M. S.• Ver mont.H • • • I a m very plea sed with BA RGA I NS. I hav e never seenany thl n'J like it and am looking forwa rd t o my future copieses pecia ll y the Chri stmas edition." - Mrs. O. M•• Maine." . .• Receivf'd my first Issue of Ba roa ins an d may I say It Isa grea t magazin e." - M. H. C.• Ala ba ma .If••• I think BARGA I NS Is the be st merc han dise pu blica ti onI hav e ever seen (A nd I have seen h undr eds) ." - S. P. C.•Brooklyn . N. Y.

~~ •yer:e~~~ ~~:d .mih~l}nfgr~a~10~~~;~~~I~S~h~~~h~~ 1~:t ath~' shot in the arm' my business needs ."- D. S .• St . Albans. N.Y .u • • • I nave found your ma gazi ne very he lpful." - W. A. P .•Ogdensburg. N. Y.fl •• • Received your pa per. T ha nk yo u very mu ch. It Is oneof the fin est we have ever seen." - F. 0 .• Iowa .", . . I wa s th e recip ient of my 1st coPy a few days a go.I am comp letely sa ti sfie d with th e per iod ical . I also wish toexpress my appreciati on to you for having ma de t he magazi neava il able to me. I sha ll be please d to continue my SUbscriptionas lan g as the mag azi ne is availab le." - W. S•• Was h." I have beer. a subscriber of your -Bargain s' ma gazine tornearly a year. and very mu ch ple ased with it. I wouldn't wantt o miss a copy of it. So I am send ing In t he valuable coupony ou se n t me with $2.00 In ca sh. I am to g lad to be o n eof your sub serlbers;" - Mrs. E. L•• Rlch mDnd. Ca lif .

PLUS M ANY OTHERS!THE AIlOVE LETTERS WERE NOT SOLICITED IN ANYWAY OR MANNER-ALL ARE tN OUR OFFtCE FILES!They are the enthusiastic reaction of subscribe rs

after seeing their first copies of BARGAINS!

x ame.. . . . . • • . • • • .• • • • • • • . • • • • • • •• • •• • • • . • • • • • • • . • • . . • . .WHAT CAN YOU LOSE? If you are not delighted with your lst Issu e , yo u can ha ve you rm oney ba ck IN FULLI No quibbling about it either! CAN VIE MAKE A MORE :;': RAIGHT­FORWARD OFFER THAN THIS?

A ddress• • • •• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• • • • • • • • • • • •• • • • • •• • • • •• •

TOWER PRESS, Inc., Box 591, Lynn 881, lllass,Ci ty s t ste • • . ••. . . .• •.. .. .

Hem ember l Your :\Ion er Back IS F ULL If t he lit Is suethat ro u recetee doesn' t please r ou l

~-_.._--_.._---------._._-_._ ~