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Spanish Workbook Grade 6 Semester 1 2020-2021 St. Aloysius Springfield, IL Compiled by Fr. Clint, O.P.
Spanish
Workbook Grade 6
Semester 1
2020-2021
St. Aloysius
Springfield, IL
Compiled by Fr. Clint, O.P.
If you are on a computer, go here:
http://duol ingo.com/o/quvtfm
If you are on a smartphone or tablet:
1. Download the Duolingo app and open it up.
2. Press Get Started. Then select Spanish.
3. Set your Daily Goal and continue (you can change this later).
4. Create a Profile:
On Android, press the menu icon at the top right corner and press
Create a Profile.
On iOS, press Profile in the top left corner and press Create a Profile.
5. Type in your Name, Email and Password, then press Create.
6. Go to your Profile and press Progress Sharing.
7. Type in your Classroom Code: QUVTFM
8. Press Join Class.
for schools
Your Spanish class is going to use Duolingo at school. These
are the instructions to join St. Aloysius -- 6th Grade!
En el nombre del Padre, y del Hijo, y del
Espiritu Santo.
Amen.
Dios te salve, Maria.
Llena eres de gracia:
El Seńor es contigo.
Bendita tú eres entre todas las mujeres.
Y bendito es el fruto de tu vientre: Jesús.
Santa María, Madre de Dios,
ruega por nosotros pecadores,
ahora y en la hora de nuestra muerte.
Amén.
Padre nuestro,
que estás en el cielo.
Santificado sea tu nombre.
Venga tu reino.
Hágase tu voluntad en la tierra como en el
cielo.
Danos hoy nuestro pan de cada día.
Perdona nuestras ofensas,
como también nosotros perdonamos a los
que nos ofenden.
No nos dejes caer en tentación y líbranos del
mal.
Amén.
Angelus
V. El Ángel del Señor anunció a María,
R. Y concibió por obra del Espíritu Santo.
Avemaría…
V. He aquí la esclava del Señor.
R. Hágase en mi según tu palabra.
Avemaría…
V. Y el Verbo se hizo carne.
R. Y habitó entre nosotros.
Avemaría…
V. Ruega por nosotros, Santa Madre de
Dios,
R. Para que seamos dignos de alcanzar las
promesas de Nuestro Señor Jesucristo.
Oración
Te suplicamos, Señor, que derrames tu
racia en nuestras almas para que los que, por
el anuncio del Ángel, hemos conocido la
incarnación de tu Hijo Jesucristo, por su
Pasión y Cruz seamos llevados a la gloria de
su Resurrección. Por el mismo Jesucristo
Nuestro Señor.
R. Amén.
3
4
How many vowels are there in Spanish?
Write out the sound of each of the Spanish Vowels:
What unique alphabet characters are in Spanish, not found in English?
Practice your alphabet!
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1
6
2
St. Aloysius School
Spanish I
I-2
Los Numberos
Memorize the numbers and how they work.
Ejercicios:
Write the name of each corresponding number in Spanish:
1. 4 = ________
2. 8 =________
3. 11 = ________
4. 15 = ________
5. 24 = ________
6. 27 = ________
7. 30 = ________
8. 45 = ________
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3
9. 64 = ________
10. 70 = ________
11. 25 + 14 = ________
12. 30 + 25 = ________
Vocabulario:
Plus ............................. plus
Menus ...................... minus
Es igual a ................. equals
multiplicado por . multiplied
by
dividido por ...... divided by
cien (cientos) ............... 100
Ejercicio:
Write out each of the
following using Spanish
words.
Example:
4 + 5 = 9
Cuatro plus cinco es igual
a nueve.
13. 60 +40 = 100
14. 21 – 18 = 3
15. 100 – 45 = 55
16. 75 / 25 = 3
17. 82 / 2 = 41
18. 20 x 2 = 40
19. 23 x 4 = 92
20. 10 x 5 =50
21. 17 = 11 + 7
22. 49 = 40 +9
23. 62 = 30 +32
24. 100 = 20 x 5
25. 30 = 60 / 2
26. 40 = 10 x 4
27. 3 + 4 + 2 = 9
28. 16 + 20 + 14 = 60
29. 10 – 2 + 20 = 28
30. 33 – 10 + 8 = 31
Memorize those
numbers and letters!!
31. What are the unique
letters in the Spanish
alphabet?
32. What letter do each
of the following
refer to?
I griega:
Zeta:
Doble v:
Equis:
Ella:
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4
Make an Addition Table Using Spanish Words:
Plus Uno Dos Tres Cuatro Cinco Seis Siete Ocho Nueve Diez
Uno
Dos
Tres
Cuatro
Cinco
Seis
Ocho
Nueve
Diez
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5
Create a Multiplication Table using Spanish Words:
Multiplicado
Por
Uno Dos Tres Cuatro Cinco Seis Siete Ocho Nueve Diez
Uno
Dos
Tres
Cuatro
Cinco
Seis
Ocho
Nueve
Diez
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1 St. Aloysius School Spanish I I-3 Spanish Nouns and Gender
Spanish Nouns and Gender
A noun is a word used to denote a person, place, thing, or idea.
Person: John, girl, dentist Place: garden, university, Venezuela Thing: book, car, tomato Idea: liberty, despair, intelligence
In Spanish, all nouns are either masculine or feminine.
Masculine Feminine el chico .......................... boy la chica ............................ girl el jardín .................... garden la Universidad ........university el libro ......................... book la revista ................ magazine el miedo ......................... fear la libertad .................... liberty
The idea that nouns have gender seems perfectly natural when the noun stands for a living creature. This is because in English, living creatures often have different names, depending upon whether they are male or female.
Masculine Feminine man woman tiger tigress aviator aviatrix
The following Spanish nouns all denote living creatures.
el gato ...................... male cat la gata ................... female cat el perro ................... male dog la perra ................ female dog el chico ........................... boy la chica ............................ girl el abuelo ..............grandfather la abuela ............ grandmother
How are all of these masculine nouns alike?
el gato el perro Hint: look at both the beginning and the ending of each line. el chico el abuelo
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2 How are all of these feminine nouns alike?
la gata la perra Hint: look at both the beginning and the ending of each line. la chica la abuela
"El" and "La" both mean "the."
el chico (the boy) la chica (the girl)
el perro (the male dog) la gata (the female cat)
Note: These two words (el, la) are called "definite articles." They are both translated as “the.” For example: the cow, the cat, the boy, etc. “Una” and “Uno” are “indefinite articles” and are both translated as “a.” For example: a cow, a cat, a boy, etc.
What do you notice about the last letter of these nouns?
Masculine Feminine gato gata perro perra chico chica abuelo abuela
Nouns that end in -o are usually masculine. Nouns that end in -a are usually feminine. Notice the word usually! There are exceptions to these two rules and you will soon be learning them.
One cannot predict the gender of a noun that stands for a non-living thing. Try to predict whether the Spanish words for the following things are masculine or feminine:
Masculine or feminine?
book house money window
One cannot predict the gender of a noun, except in the case of living creatures. Do not try to analyze the nature of the object, looking for some inherent masculinity or femininity. It won't work!
Take a guess. Do you think the Spanish word for "dress" is masculine or feminine? You might expect it to be feminine, since a dress is an article of clothing worn by females.
Actually, the word for "dress" is a masculine word: el vestido
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3 Take another guess. Do you think the Spanish word for "necktie" is masculine or feminine? You might expect it to be masculine, since a necktie is an article of clothing worn by males.
Actually, the word for "necktie" is a feminine word: la corbata
When you learn a new noun, you should also learn its definite article (el, la). There are several reasons for this:
Because you cannot predict the gender of most nouns. Because not every noun that ends in -o is masculine, and not every noun that ends in -a is feminine. Because many nouns end in letters other than o or a. Because the definite article (el, la) is your clue as to whether a noun is masculine or feminine.
Why do you care whether a noun is masculine or feminine?
Good question! As you shall see in upcoming lessons, Spanish places a great deal more emphasis on gender than does English.
Translate each of the following Spanish Nouns:
Masculine nouns that end in a consonant often have a corresponding feminine form that ends in -a.
el professor ........................................................................................................... ___________________________ la profesora ........................................................................................................... ___________________________ el doctor ................................................................................................................ ___________________________ la doctora .............................................................................................................. ___________________________ el señor ................................................................................................................. ___________________________ la señora................................................................................................................ ___________________________
Some nouns that refer to people use the same form for both masculine and feminine. These nouns indicate gender by the article (el or la).
el estudiante .......................................................................................................... ___________________________ la estudiante .......................................................................................................... ___________________________ el pianista .............................................................................................................. ___________________________ la pianista .............................................................................................................. ___________________________ el artista ................................................................................................................ ___________________________ la artista ................................................................................................................ ___________________________
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4 Nouns that end in -sión, -ción, -dad, -tad, -tud, -umbre are feminine. la televisión ........................................................................................................... ___________________________ la decisión ............................................................................................................. ___________________________ la conversación ..................................................................................................... ___________________________ la habitación .......................................................................................................... ___________________________ la ciudad ............................................................................................................... ___________________________ la universidad ........................................................................................................ ___________________________ la dificultad ........................................................................................................... ___________________________ la libertad .............................................................................................................. ___________________________ la actitud ............................................................................................................... ___________________________ la gratitud .............................................................................................................. ___________________________ la certidumbre ....................................................................................................... ___________________________ la muchedumbre .................................................................................................... ___________________________ Some nouns that end in -a are masculine. el problema ........................................................................................................... ___________________________ el telegrama .......................................................................................................... ___________________________ el programa ........................................................................................................... ___________________________ el mapa ................................................................................................................. ___________________________ el sistema .............................................................................................................. ___________________________ el poema ............................................................................................................... ___________________________ el día ..................................................................................................................... ___________________________ el tema .................................................................................................................. ___________________________ el clima ................................................................................................................. ___________________________ el idioma ............................................................................................................... ___________________________ el sofá ................................................................................................................... ___________________________ el planeta .............................................................................................................. ___________________________
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5 Many nouns that end in -ma are masculine. Notice that eight of the twelve nouns listed above end in -ma. el telegrama .......................................................................................................... ___________________________ el programa ........................................................................................................... ___________________________ el problema ........................................................................................................... ___________________________ el sistema .............................................................................................................. ___________________________ el poema ............................................................................................................... ___________________________ el idioma ............................................................................................................... ___________________________ el clima ................................................................................................................. ___________________________ el tema .................................................................................................................. ___________________________ Note: A few nouns that end in -ma are feminine, such as la cama and la pluma. Four of the nouns that end in -a are simply exceptions and must be memorized. el día ..................................................................................................................... ___________________________ el mapa ................................................................................................................. ___________________________ el planeta .............................................................................................................. ___________________________ el sofá ................................................................................................................... ___________________________ A few nouns that end in -o are feminine. la mano ................................................................................................................. ___________________________ la radio .................................................................................................................. ___________________________
Review Many nouns that denote living things have both a masculine and a feminine form. Most nouns that end in -o are masculine. Most nouns that end in -a are feminine. Masculine nouns that end in a consonant often have a corresponding feminine form that ends in -a. Some nouns that refer to people use the same form for both masculine and feminine. These nouns indicate gender by
the article (el or la). Nouns that end in -sión, -ción, -dad, -tad, -tud, -umbre are feminine. Many nouns that end in -ma are masculine. A few nouns that end in -o are feminine You now know most of the rules for determining the gender of a noun. There are just a few more things to know, but they won't be covered until later. Remember, whenever you learn a new noun, learn it complete with its definite article (el, la). Definite & indefinite articles are the subject of an upcoming lesson.
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St. Aloysius School
Spanish I
Adjectives
Singular Plural
M-F M-F
tall, high alto – alta altos – altas
long largo – larga largos – largas
short corto – corta cortos – cortas
big, tall grande grandes
small pequeño – pequeña pequeños – pequeñas
skinny, thin delgado – delgada delgados – delgadas
thin, wirey flaco – flaca flacos – flacas
fat, heavy set gordo – gorda gordos – gordas
weighty, heavy pesado – pesada pesados – pesadas
light weight ligero – ligera ligeros – ligeras
pretty, cute bonito – bonita bonitos – bonitas
ugly feo – fea feos – feas
clean limpio – limpia limpios – limpias
dirty cochino – cochina cochinos – cochinas
flat, even plano – plana planos – planas
bent, crooked chueco – chueca chuecos – chuecas
angular angular angulares
inverted, upside down invierto – invierta inviertos – inviertas
naked encuerado – encuerada encuerados – encueradas
invisible invisible invisibles
wet mojado – mojada mojados – mojadas
humid húmedo – húmeda húmedos – húmedas
dry seco – seca secos – secas
warm tibio – tibia tibios – tibias
cold frío – fría fríos – frías
empty vacío – vacía vacíos – vacías
full lleno – llena llenos – llenas
dark, obscure oscuro – oscura oscuros – oscuras
pale pálido – pálida pálidos – pálidas
old viejo – vieja viejos – viejas
new nuevo – nueva nuevos – nuevas
roasted, barbecued asado – asada asados – asadas
burnt quemado – quemada quemados – quemadas
fried frito – frita fritos – fritas
boiled hervido – hervida hervidos – hervidas
Personality Traits and Behaviors
Quiet quieto – quieta quietos – quietas
loud, noisy ruidoso – ruidosa ruidosos – ruidosas
absurd absurdo – absurd absurdos – absurdas
boring, bored aburrido – aburrida aburridos – aburridas
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interesting interesante interesantes
fun, entertaining divertido – divertida divertidos – divertidas
funny, comical cómico – cómica cómicos – cómicas
funny, hilarious chistoso – chistosa chistosos – chistosas
happy, joyful alegre alegres
joyful, merry feliz felices
unhappy, unfortunate infeliz infelices
angry, mad enojado – enojada enojados – enojadas
annoying, irritating enfadoso – enfadosa enfadosos – enfadosas
sad triste tristes
miserable miserable miserable
tired cansado – cansada cansados – cansadas
sick, ill enfermo – enferma enfermos – enfermas
bad, mean malo – mala malos – malas
good bueno – Buena buenos – buenas
intelligent inteligente inteligentes
wise sabio – sabia sabios – sabias
useful útil útiles
useless inútil inútiles
responsible responsable responsables
legal legal legales
illegal ilegal ilegales
aggressive agresivo – agresiva agresivos – agresivas
calm, tranquil tranquilo – tranquila tranquilos – tranquilas
sour, acidic agrio – agria agrios – agrias
bitter amargo – amarga amargos – amargas
sweet, mild, gentle apacible apacibles
cheap, inexpensive barato – barata baratos – baratas
expensive caro – cara caros – caras
ambitious ambicioso – ambiciosa ambiciosos – ambiciosas
lazy, unproductive perezoso – perezosa perezosos – perezosas
lazy, vapid flojo – floja flojos – flojas
normal normal normales
strange extraño – extraña extraños – extrañas
eager, avid ansioso – ansiosa ansiosos – ansiosas
capable, able capaz capaces
drunk borracho – borracha borrachos – borrachas
hungover, crude crudo – cruda crudos – crudas
whimsical carpichoso – caprichosa caprichosos – caprichosas
stubborn cabezón – cabezona cabezones – cabezonas
loving cariñoso – cariñosa cariñosos – cariñosas
married embarazada embarazadas
divorced divorciado – divorciada divorciados – divorciadas
domestic doméstico – doméstica domésticos – domésticas
jealous celoso – celosa celosos – celosas
emotional emocional emocionales
sensitive sensitivo – sensitive sensitivos – sensitivas
sentimental sentimental sentimentales
mature maduro – madura marudos – maduras
honest honesto – honesta honestos – honestas
dishonest deshonesto – deshonesta deshonestos – deshonestas
comfortable confortable confortables
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content contento – contenta contentos – contentas
unbalanced, crazy chiflado – chiflada chiflados – chifladas
dependent dependiente dependientes
independent independiente independientes
early temprano – temprana tempranos – tempranas
late tarde tardes
Colors
Black negro – negra negros – negras
Grey gris grises
White blanco – blanca blancos – blancas
Beige beige beiges
Red rojo – roja rojos – rojas
Orange anaranjado – anaranjada anaranjados – anaranjadas
Yellow amarillo – amarilla amarillos – amarillas
Green verde verdes
Blue azul azules
Purple purpúreo – purpúrea purpúreos – purpúreas
Lilac lila lila
Pink rosado – rosada rosados – rosadas
Nationalities
Mexican mexicano – mexicana
American americano – americana
Bolivian boliviano – boliviana
British inglés – inglesa
Canadian canadiense
Chilean chileno – chilena
Chinese chino – china
Colombian colombiano – colombiana
Cuban cubano – cubana
Danish danés – danesa
Dutch holandés – holandesa
Ecuadorian ecuatoriano – ecuatoriana
German alemán – alemana
Greek griego – griega
Guatemalan guatemalteco – guatemalteca
Honduran hondureño – hondureña
Irish irlandés – irlandesa
Italian italiano – italiana
Panamanian panameño – panameña
Paraguayan paraguayo – paraguaya
Peruvian peruani – peruana
Polish polaco – polaca
Puerto Rican puertorriqueño – puertorriqueña
Russian ruso, rusa
Swedish sueco, sueca
Ukranian ucraniano – ucraniana
Uruguayan uruguayo – uraguayo
Venezuelan venezolano – venezolana
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St. Aloysius School
Spanish
Adjectives & Nouns
Matching:
1. _____ tall, high
2. _____ long
3. _____ short
4. _____ big, tall
5. _____ fat, heavy set
6. _____ pretty, cute
7. _____ ugly
8. _____ clean
9. _____ wet
10. _____ dry
11. _____ warm
12. _____ cold
13. _____ empty
14. _____ full
15. _____ new
16. _____ quiet
17. _____ loud, noisy
18. _____ interesting
19. _____ funny, comical
20. _____ happy, joyful
21. _____ joyful, merry
22. _____ unhappy, sad
23. _____ bad, mean
24. _____ Good
25. _____ cute, pretty
Nombre:
Fecha:
Clase:
A. alegre
B. alto – alta
C. tibio – tibia
D. bonito – bonita
E. bueno – buena
F. cómico – cómica
G. corto – corta
H. feliz
I. feo – fea
J. frío – fría
K. gordo – gorda
L. grande
M. infeliz
N. interesante
O. largo – larga
P. limpio – limpia
Q. lleno – llena
R. malo – mala
S. mojado – mojada
T. nuevo – nueva
U. quieto – quieta
V. ruidoso – ruidosa
W. seco – seca
X. triste
Y. vacío – vacía
La gata
es...
A graphic organizer: Fill in the circles
with appropriate Spanish adjectives that
describe the thing listed in the middle
circle.
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Translations into Spanish:
1. The loud dog
2. The purple cat
3. The quiet boy
4. The interesting book
5. The wet cow
6. The pretty girl
7. The clean house
8. The good map
9. The quiet llama
10. The red hen
11. The black and white cow
12. The ugly duck
13. The fat pig
14. The funny goose
15. The noisy turkey
El pavo
es...
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Los
libros
son
Las
vacas
son
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St. Aloysius School
Spanish
AR Verbs
Notes:
Verbs: Action words; a word (such as jump, think, happen, or exist ) that is usually one of the main parts of a
sentence and that expresses an action, an occurrence, or a state of being
1. Infinitives
a. All verbs in Spanish have an infinite form – infinitives have neither person nor number. But, it is
the basic building block of the verbs so we have to learn them. The infinitive is translated with
the English word “to”. For example: “to swim,” “to eat,” “to learn,” etc.
b. We are going to learn the regular AR verbs.
c. The infinitives of all AR verbs end in “-ar”. For example, the AR infinites from our vocabulary
list this week include: “Amar,” “Cantar,” “Hablar,” “Caminar,” and “Bailar.” These are the verbs
we will mostly be using but once we know how to use “-ar” verbs we will be able to manipulate
any regular “-ar” verb.
2. Person and Number
a. All verbs in Spanish have a “person”. They are either first, second or third person.
b. All verbs in Spanish have a number. They are either singular or plural.
c. In English we indicate the person and number of a verb with a pronoun:
i. I First Person, Singular
ii. You Second Person, Singular
iii. He/she/it Third Person, Singular
iv. We First Person, Plural
v. You-all Second Person, Plural
vi. They Third Person, Plural
d. In Spanish we change the ending of the verb to indicate the person and number of a verb. We
only use a pronoun with the verb when we want to emphasize the subject of the sentence. So, for
example, with the verb “hablar” we drop the “-ar” at the end of the word to determine the verb’s
stem. The stem of “hablar” is “habl-.” Then, to the stem we and add various endings to indicate
the person and number:
Hablar (to talk)
Stem: habl- Singular Plural
First Person
Hablo
(add –o)
I speak Hablamos
(add –amos)
We speak
Second Person
Hablas
(add –as)
You speak Hablan
(add –an)
You-all speak
Third Person
Habla
(add –a)
He/she/it speaks Hablan
(add –an)
They Speak
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Now, you do one… we call this sort of exercise “Conjugating a Verb.” In other words, running it
through all of its parts…
Bailar (to dance)
Stem: Singular Plural
First Person
Second Person
Third Person
3. All verbs in Spanish must agree in number and person with the subject of the sentence.
a. So, we have to be very careful when writing sentences to make sure that every element of the
sentence agrees with all the other elements.
b. For example:
i. “The black cow dances with a fat cat.”
ii. The subject of the sentence is: The cow.
1. It is singular
2. Its adjective is “black.” The adjectives must agree in gender and number with the
noun they modify. So we have:
3. “La vaca negro”
a. Remember: “La vaca” is feminine and “negro” is the same in both
feminine and masculine. The adjective comes after the noun.
iii. The verb of the sentence is: dances.
1. Since the subject is “The cow” it is an “it” and since there is one we know it is
singular. So we know we need a verb in the third person singular.
2. “Bailar” (to dance) is “baila” in third person singlur.
iv. The object of the sentence is “a cat.”
1. You will notice that while “the cow” indicates a definite article, “a cat” indicates
an indefinite article.
2. So we have “un gato.” But, “un gato” is further modified by its adjective. Since
“un gato” is singular and masculine we need the masculine singular adjective.
Which in this instance is “gordo.” And this gives us “un gato gordo.”
v. The English word “with” is a conjunction linking the verb with the object. In Spanish,
this conjunction is translated as “con.”
vi. Putting it all together we have:
1. “La vaca negro baila con un gato gordo.”
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Nombre:
Fecha:
Clase:
Now, you translate a few:
1. The white cat sings.
2. I walk to the house.
3. You-all love to walk.
4. They talk to the boy.
5. The girl walks with a boy.
6. María talks to the llama.
7. The black chicken sings.
8. Lupe talks to the boy.
9. Maria and Lupe are friends.
Spanish 6
Vocabulary Amar
Cantar
Hablar
Caminar
Bailar
Jesús
El Niño
La Niña
a
en
con
es
son
To love
To sing
To talk
To walk
To dance
Jesus
Boy
Girl
To, at
In, on, into
With
It is
They are
10. The boy dances with the girl.
11. Jesus loves Maria.
12. Antonio walks with a black dog.
13. I eat chicken.
14. The girl loves the white cow.
15. You dance with the pig.
16. I love Jesus.
17. Jesus loves good boys and girls.
18. I sing to Jesus
19. Jesus talks with the animals.
20. We walk into the house.
21. ¿Cual es tu color favorito?
22. ¿Como se llama?
23. ¿Cual es tu animal favorito?
24. Answer number 21 using a complete
Spanish sentence:
25. Answer number 22 using a complete
Spanish sentence:
26. Answer number 23 using a complete
Spanish sentence:
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St. Aloysius School
Spanish
ER Verbs
Notes:
1. Infinitives
a. All verbs in Spanish have an infinite form – infinitives have neither person nor number. But, it is
the basic building block of the verbs so we have to learn them. The infinitive is translated with
the English word “to”. For example: “to swim,” “to eat,” “to learn,” etc.
b. We are going to learn the regular ER verbs.
c. The infinitives of all ER verbs end in “-er”. For example, the ER infinites from our vocabulary
list this week include: “aprender,” “beber,” “comer,” “comprender.” These are the verbs we will
mostly be using but once we know how to use “-er” verbs we will be able to manipulate any
regular “-er” verb.
2. Person and Number
a. All verbs in Spanish have a “person”. They are either first, second or third person.
b. All verbs in Spanish have a number. They are either singular or plural.
c. In English we indicate the person and number of a verb with a pronoun:
i. I First Person, Singular
ii. You Second Person, Singular
iii. He/she/it Third Person, Singular
iv. We First Person, Plural
v. You-all Second Person, Plural
vi. They Third Person, Plural
d. In Spanish we change the ending of the verb to indicate the person and number of a verb. We
only use a pronoun with the verb when we want to emphasize the subject of the sentence. So, for
example, with the verb “comer” we drop the “-er” at the end of the word to determine the verb’s
stem. Then, to the stem we and add various endings to indicate the person and number:
Comer (to eat)
Stem: com- Singular Plural
First Person
Como
(add –o)
I eat Comemos
(add –emos)
We eat
Second Person
Comes
(add –es)
You eat Comen
(add –en)
You-all eat
Third Person
Come
(add –e)
He/she/it eats Comen
(add –en)
They eat
Notice the similarities and differences between the “-ar” and “-er” verbs.
25
Now, you do one… we call this sort of exercise “Conjugating a Verb.” In other words, running it
through all of its parts…
Beber (to drink)
Stem: Singular Plural
First Person
Second Person
Third Person
3. All verbs in Spanish must agree in number and person with the subject of the sentence.
a. So, we have to be very careful when writing sentences to make sure that every element of the
sentence agrees with all the other elements.
b. For example:
i. “The girl understands a black cow.”
ii. The subject of the sentence is: The girl.
1. It is singular
2. It has no adjective. So we have:
3. “La niña”
a. Remember: “La niña” is feminine.
iii. The verb of the sentence is: understands.
1. Since the subject is “The girl” it is a “she” and since there is one we know it is
singular. So we know we need a verb in the third person singular.
2. “Aprender” (to understand) is “aprende” in third person singular.
iv. The object of the sentence is “the black cow.”
1. You will notice that while “the girl” indicates a definite article, “a cow” indicates
an indefinite article.
2. So we have “una vaca.” But, “una vaca” is further modified by its adjective. Since
“una vaca” is singular and feminine we need the feminine singular adjective.
Which in this instance is “negro.” Remember that in Spanish the adjective comes
after the noun it modifies. And this gives us “una vaca negro” since “negro” is the
same in feminine and masculine.
v. So, putting it all together we have:
1. “La niña aprende una vaca negro.”
2.
26
Nombre:
Fecha:
Clase:
Now, you translate a few:
1. The white cat eats.
2. I run to the house.
3. You-all fear the fat cat.
4. They eat with the girls.
5. The girl runs with a boy.
6. María owns a llama.
7. You own a pig.
8. We fear the boy.
9. The black cow drinks the blue water.
10. Jesus loves good boys and girls.
11. The dog hides from the children.
12. We learn from Jesus.
13. You eat tacos.
14. You-all sell the cats.
15. I comprehend Spanish.
16. She speaks with the boy.
17. He promises to eat the burritos.
18. I proceed to talk to Jesus.
19. You promise to dance with Mary.
20. I fear the fat chicken.
Spanish I
Vocabulary aprender
beber
comer
comprender
correr
deber
esconder
poseer
proceder
prometer
romper
sorprender
temer
toser
vender
to learn
to drink
to eat
to comprehend
to run, go fast
to owe
to hide
to own, possess
to proceed
to promise
to break, tear
to surprise
to fear
to cough
to sell, vend
27
St. Aloysius School
Spanish
IR Verbs
Notes:
1. Infinitives
a. All verbs in Spanish have an infinite form – infinitives have neither person nor number. But, it is
the basic building block of the verbs so we have to learn them. The infinitive is translated with
the English word “to”. For example: “to swim,” “to eat,” “to learn,” etc.
b. We are going to learn the regular IR verbs.
c. The infinitives of all IR verbs end in “-ir”. For example, the IR infinites from our vocabulary list
this week include: “abrir,” “asistir,” “asumir,” and “combatir.” These are some of the verbs we
will be using but once we know how to use “-ir” verbs we will be able to manipulate any regular
“-ir” verb.
2. Person and Number
a. All verbs in Spanish have a “person”. They are either first, second or third person.
b. All verbs in Spanish have a number. They are either singular or plural.
c. In English we indicate the person and number of a verb with a pronoun:
i. I First Person, Singular
ii. You Second Person, Singular
iii. He/she/it Third Person, Singular
iv. We First Person, Plural
v. You-all Second Person, Plural
vi. They Third Person, Plural
d. In Spanish we change the ending of the verb to indicate the person and number of a verb. We
only use a pronoun with the verb when we want to emphasize the subject of the sentence. So, for
example, with the verb “abrir” we drop the “-ir” at the end of the word to determine the verb’s
stem. Then, to the stem we and add various endings to indicate the person and number:
Abrir (to open)
Stem: abr- Singular Plural
First Person
Abro
(add –o)
I open Abrimos
(add –imos)
We open
Second Person
Abres
(add –es)
You open Comen
(add –en)
You-all open
Third Person
Abre
(add –e)
He/she/it opens Comen
(add –en)
They open
Notice the similarities between “-ar,” “-er,” and “-ir” verbs.
28
Now, you do one… we call this sort of exercise “Conjugating a Verb.” In other words, running it
through all of its parts…
Combatir (to fight)
Stem: Singular Plural
First Person
Second Person
Third Person
3. All verbs in Spanish must agree in number and person with the subject of the sentence.
a. So, we have to be very careful when writing sentences to make sure that every element of the
sentence agrees with all the other elements.
b. For example:
i. “The pretty girl defines a short word.”
ii. The subject of the sentence is: The girl.
1. It is singular and feminine
2. It has an adjective “pretty.” This also needs to be singular and feminine.
Remember that the adjective goes behind the noun it modifies in Spanish. So we
have:
3. “La niña bonita”
iii. The verb of the sentence is: defines.
1. Since the subject is “The girl” it is a “she” and since there is one we know it is
singular. So we know we need a verb in the third person singular.
2. “Definir” (to define) is “define” in third person singular. Watch your
pronunciation!
iv. The object of the sentence is “a word.”
1. You will notice that while “the girl” indicates a definite article, “a word” indicates
an indefinite article.
2. So we have “una palabra.” But, “una palabra” is further modified by its adjective.
Since “una palabra” is singular and feminine we need the feminine singular
adjective. Which in this instance is “corta.” Remember that in Spanish the
adjective comes after the noun it modifies. And this gives us “una palabra corta.”
v. So, putting it all together we have:
1. “La niña bonita define una palabra corta.”
To make a Spanish
verb negative, put
“no” in front of it!
29
Nombre:
Fecha:
Clase:
Now, you translate a few:
1. The black cat lives in Springfield.
2. The girl fights with a boy.
3. You-all attend the Spanish class (la clase de
Español).
4. They describe the yellow chicken.
5. Jesus discusses how (cómo) to love.
6. María assumes the llama is big (es grande).
7. She covers her dog.
8. I write to you.
9. Jesus lives in heaven. (heaven: los cielos)
10. The cats fight the dogs.
11. I exist to love.
12. I talk and I write to God. (God:Dios)
13. Six divided by three is equal to two.
14. Do you eat tacos?
15. The cows live in Mexico.
16. Sixteen plus four is equal to twenty.
17. I insist that you drink water. (that:que)
18. Diego writes to his mother.
19. Lupe loves her mother.
20. We discuss Spanish verbs.
Spanish I
Vocabulary abrir
asistir
asumir
combatir
cubrir
cumplir
decidir
definir
describir
discutir
dividir
escribir
existir
inscribir
insistir
omitir
permitir
recibir
transmitir
vivir
to open
to attend (classes)
to assume
to fight, combat
to cover
to complete
to decide
to define
to describe
to discuss
to divide
to write
to exist
to inscribe
to insist
to omit
to permit, allow
to receive
to transmit
to live
30
St. Aloysius School
Spanish
Verbs: A Review
All Verbs have person and number.
Singular Plural
First Person I We
Second Person You You-all
Third Person He, She, It They
Regular verbs. To form the present indicative of regular verbs, drop the infinitive
ending (-ar, -er, or -ir) and add the endings given below:
-ar
-er
-ir
hablar (to speak) comer (to eat) vivir (to live)
hablo hablamos como comemos vivo vivimos
hablas habláis comes coméis vives vivís
habla hablan come comen vive viven
La Señora de Guadalupe
31
A List of Regular Verbs
Abrir .......................................................... to open
Andar ............................................. to walk / to go
Aprender .................................................. to learn
arreglar .............. to fix / to arrange / to straighten
asistir a ................................................... to attend
ayudar a .....................................................to help
bailar ....................................................... to dance
beber ........................................................ to drink
buscar .................................................. to look for
calificar ....................................................to grade
cambiar ................................................. to change
cantar ......................................................... to sing
charlar ....................................................... to chat
cocinar ...................................................... to cook
comer ........................................................... to eat
completar ........................................... to complete
comprar ..................................................... to buy
conjugar ............................................ to conjugate
contestar ............................................... to answer
continuar ............................................ to continue
correr .......................................................... to run
cortar .......................................................... to cut
coser ........................................................... to sew
crear ........................................................ to create
creer ...................................... to think / to believe
cruzar ....................................................... to cross
deber ..................... "should" "ought to" or to owe
decidir .................................................... to decide
dejar .............................................. to leave / to let
describir .............................................. to describe
desear ....................................... to want / to desire
dibujar ..................................................... to draw
discutir .................................................. to discuss
disfrutar ................................................... to enjoy
enseñar ..................................................... to teach
entrar ....................................................... to enter
escribir ..................................................... to write
escuchar ................................................... to listen
esperar ...................... to wait / to hope / to expect
estudiar .................................................... to study
firmar ......................................................... to sign
fumar ..................................................... to smoke
ganar .............................. to win / to earn / to gain
gastar ....................................... to spend / to waste
gozar (de infinitive) ................................ to enjoy
gritar ........................................ to scream / to yell
hablar ......................................... to talk / to speak
lavar ......................................................... to wash
leer ............................................................. to read
llamar ......................................................... to call
llegar ....................................................... to arrive
llevar ......................................... to wear / to carry
llorar ........................................................... to cry
luchar ................. to fight / to struggle / to wrestle
mandar ..................................................... to send
manejar .................................................... to drive
mirar ........................................ to look / to watch
molestar ................................ to bother / to annoy
montar ............................................ to ride (bike)
nadar ........................................................ to swim
necesitar .................................................... to need
olvidar ..................................................... to forget
orar ........................................................... to pray
organizar ........................................... to organize
pagar ...........................................................to pay
participar ........................................ to participate
pasar .................................. to pass by / to happen
pegar ............................................................ to hit
permitir .................................. to permit / to allow
pescar ......................................................... to fish
pintar ....................................................... to paint
platicar ....................................................... to chat
practicar .............................................. to practice
preguntar .................................................... to ask
preparar .............................................. to prepare
prometer ............................................. to promise
quitar ................................................... to remove
recibir ................................................... to receive
regresar ................................................... to return
repasar .................................................. to review
respetar ................................................. to respect
responder ............................................. to respond
romper .................................................... to break
sacar ................. to take (out) / to get (something)
saludar ..................................................... to greet
terminar .................................................. to finish
tocar ................... to touch / to play an instrument
tomar ................................... to take (in) / to drink
trabajar .................................................... to work
tratar (de) ............................................. to try (to)
usar ............................................................. to use
vender ......................................................... to sell
viajar ....................................................... to travel
visitar ........................................................ to visit
vivir ............................................................ to live
votar .......................................................... to vote
32
Los Ejercicios Nombre:
Fecha:
Clase:
Translate each of the following:
1. The boy lives in the house.
2. The girl studies Spanish.
3. She talks with the boy.
4. The cat runs from the dog.
5. The children eat tacos.
6. The black cow continues to
read.
7. Ten students run in the school.
8. Five old women scream at the
children.
9. The tall girl washes the brown
cat.
10. The young man paints the
house blue.
11. We pray to Jesus to help.
12. You need to study.
13. Jesus and Mary pray to God
the Father.
14. The grandfather eats
enchiladas.
15. I believe in one God.
16. You teach me to dance.
17. Do not cry, ¡she lives! (Subject
here is “you” as implied.)
18. I am waiting for you.
19. Please, do not eat the meat.
20. We do not swim in milk.
21. He respects his mother.
22. I am teaching my dog to sing.
33
St. Aloysius School
Spanish I
Vocabulary Unit: Sports
English Spanish
Athlete Atleta
Badminton Badminton
Baseball Béisbol
Basketball Básquetbol
basketball court cancha de baloncesto
Coach entrenador de
coach of the baseball team entrenador del equipo de béisbol
Cricket Croquet
Cycling Ciclismo
Fans Fanáticos
Football fútbol americano
Foul Falta
Golf Golf
Gymnasium Gimnasio
Gymnist Gymnasia
Hockey Hockey
horseback riding Equitación
Official Oficial
Period of Play período de juego
ping pong ping-pong
Player Jugador
Referee Árbitro
Rugby Rugby
Rules of the game Reglas del juego
Soccer Fútbol
Sports Deportes
sports field campo de deportes
Swimming Natación
team handball Balonmano
Team player jugador de equipo
Tennis Tenis
the game (sporting event) el partido
the team el equipo
time keeper guardián del tiempo
to cheer para animar
to play a sport para jugar un deporte
Volleyball Voleibol
34
Nombre:
Fecha:
Clase:
Translate the following:
1. I like volleyball.
2. Jaimie plays basketball.
3. We have a good referee.
4. Mr. Lopez is a bad coach.
5. Joe is a ping-pong champion
6. Maggie and her friends play
soccer.
7. Jesus and Samuel are good time
keepers.
8. Which sport is your favorite?
9. How long is a period of play in
football?
10. Do you eat turkey and watch
sports on TV over the holidays?
11. Which baseball team is your
favorite?
12. How many cricket teams do you
watch on TV?
13. Who is the coach of the hockey
team?
14. I like to eat the food at the baseball
stadium.
15. How many hockey teams are there
in the United States?
16. How big is a baseball field?
17. Are you one of the players on the
swimming team?
18. My brother is an athlete.
19. He can run a mile in one minute.
20. Horseback riding is an expensive
sport.
21. How many fouls can you make in
basketball before you are kicked
out of the game?
22. What is the difference between
rugby, football and soccer?
23. I like to play soccer and watch
rugby.
24. Do you think Jesus and the 12
Apostles were rugby players?
25. I think God loves a good game of
football too.
35
St. Aloysius School
Spanish I
Vocabulary Unit: Professions
English Spanish English Spanish
the accountant el/la contador the firefighter el/la bombero/a
the actor el actor/ la actriz the hair dresser el/la peluquero/a
the artist el/la artista the judge el/la juez
the athlete el/la deportista the lawyer/attorney el/la abogado/a
the barber el/la barbero/a the librarian el/la bibliotecario/a
the boss el/la jefe the mail carrier el/la cartero/a
the business person el/la comerciante the mason (brick
layer) el albañil
the butcher el/la carnicero/a the mechanic el/la mecánico/a
the carpenter el/la carpintero/a the nurse el/la enfermero/a
the cashier el/la cajero/a the police officer el policía
the chef el/la cocinero/a the president el/la presidente/a
the coach el/la entrenador/a the professor el/la profesor/a
the computer
technician el/la técnico de computadora the programmer el/la programador/a
the construction
worker
el/la trabajador/a de
construcción the reporter el/la reportero/a
the dentist el dentista the secretary el/la secretario/a
the doctor el/la medico / el/la doctor/a the veterinarian el/la veterinario/a
the engineer el/la ingeniero/a the waiter el/la mesero/a
the farmer el/la granjero/a the writer el/la escritor/a
36
Nombre:
Fecha:
Clase:
Translate the following:
1. My mother is a butcher.
2. My father is an actor.
3. The man is a priest.
4. The woman is a nun.
5. How many lawyers are there in the
world?
6. Do you know a hair-dresser?
7. Which profession makes the most
money?
8. Is your brother a police officer?
9. Who is the president now? Is it the
businessman or the politician?
10. John is a farmer of cows.
11. Mary is a dentist.
12. Jesus was a carpenter and his father
was a brick mason.
13. The twelve Apostles were fishermen.
14. Is your mother a teacher or a
firefighter?
15. Your mother is a waiter at the
restaurant.
16. St. Matthew is an accountant.
17. I am a professor.
18. In a hospital we find doctors and
nurses.
19. In a computer company we find
programmers and technicians.
20. In a school we find teachers, professors
and students.
21. In a church we find priests, nuns,
deacons and sisters.
22. In a shopping mall we find business
owners, bosses and cashiers.
23. The farmer pays the veterinarian with
corn and cows.
24. The librarian keeps books that writers
write.
25. Cortez wears red and rides in a
firetruck. He must be a fire fighter!
37
