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The Global Oil & Gas Workforce Survey Expectations for Hires and Pay rates in the oil and gas industry H2 2012
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Page 1: Workforce Survey h2 2012

The GlobalOil & GasWorkforce Survey

Expectations for Hires and Pay rates in the oil and gas industry H2 2012

Page 2: Workforce Survey h2 2012

www.airenergi.comwww.airenergi.com

Introduction 1

Survey Summary 2

Africa 3

Americas 4-5

Asia Pacific 6-7

Australasia 8

FSU - Caspian 9

Europe 10

Middle East 11

Regional Comparisons 12-13

Staffing Projections 14

Air Energi Overview 15

OilCareers Overview 16

Contacts 17

Copyright @ Air Energi Group LimitedDisclaimer: The Air Energi, OilCareers.com H2 Workforce Survey 2012 is representative of an added value service

to clients and candidates. Whilst every care is taken in the collection and compilation of data, the survey report is interpretive and indicative not conclusive. Therefore information should be used as a guideline only.

Contents

trusted expertise

Page 3: Workforce Survey h2 2012

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Welcome to another edition of the Air Energi and Oilcareers.com Workforce Survey of trends and predictions for the energy sector. Now in our fourth year of this publication, we have to look at how much we have developed and grown to accomodate the vast changes that have occured over the past few years. We are moving into an innovative period where we can offer new tools to companies we work with and are seeing us pull away from our competitors throughout the industry.

The industry has pretty much fully recovered from 2009, everyone

learned a great deal from their mistakes, and are now ready for

the next surge in the industry, only to find ourselves on the brink

of yet another labour crunch.

The global flow of labour is a highly complex equation that has

historically been answered through just-in-time solutions largely

dictated by the price of oil. Whilst nobody can afford to ignore

commodities prices altogether, savvy operators are choosing

not to let the tail wag the dog, taking a global approach to their

hiring practices, and where possible, proactively recruiting or

reassigning talent as it becomes available. We have also heard

from several clients that the need to protect and enhance the

www.airenergi.com 1© Air Energi 2012

young stream of professionals entering the industry has taken a

much higher priority, including providing young graduates with

the internships and other opportunities they seek to transition

into their professional oil and gas careers. Field experience and

a succession of short-term global assignments have also been

successful methods our clients have observed. In other words,

fast-tracking may help, but there are no shortcuts to hands-on

experience. Fortunately, with the sheer volume, diversity, and

technical challenges and innovations posed by today’s oil and gas

developments, there should be ample opportunity for eager young

graduates to get out in the field.

Whether a newcomer or seasoned industry veteran, we hope you

will enjoy this edition of our Workforce Survey and report. We look

forward to bringing you a new and dynamic format to this publication

in 2013. Should you have any comments or suggestions in terms

of the information or structure of the content we provide, we openly

welcome your feedback.

Ian M LangleyGroup Executive Chairman

[email protected] behalf of Air Energi

Introduction

We are delighted to work with Air Energi on another Workforce Survey. Despite international economic challenges, this survey signals a positive outlook for the global oil and gas sector with both mature and developing producing regions contributing to a very positive outlook for the industry as a whole.

The oil and gas sector is embarking on a sequence of major

new investments and technological advancements. With the

benefits, however, come a number of challenges. Accessing

skilled labour is a pivotal concern for the oil and gas industry. The

current skills shortage, combined with what remains a strong oil

price is continuing to drive employee packages upward. Global

competition for the best people means that some areas are

seeing particular salary inflation pressures.

OilCareers.com continues to strengthen our team and expand

our global operations. We have just moved into larger new head-

quarters in Aberdeen. We opened a new office in Calgary to better

serve the oil sands market. We have also opened new offices in

Perth and Brisbane, which will help us to fulfil our clients’ growing

needs in Australia’s rapidly expanding LNG hub.

OilCareers.com supports businesses looking to resource a pipeline

of oil and gas projects - by offering a global talent pool and investing

heavily in reaching new candidates across the globe. Our goal is to

provide the best customer service, wherever our clients are in the

world. We’ve had a great start to 2012 and we look forward to what

opportunities this year will bring.

Mark GuestManaging Director

[email protected] behalf OilCareers.com

trusted expertise

1© Air Energi 2012

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Global Survey Report

Salary and Pay Rates

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

H22010

H12010

H1 2011

H22011

H1 2012

H22012

Increase Decrease No Change

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

H22010

H12010

H1 2011

H22011

H1 2012

H22012

Hiring Rate

H1 = statistics/predictions for the first half of the year, H2 = statistics/predictions for the second half of the year.

H1 (2012) Survey Summary

Air Energi and OilCareers.com would like to thank all organisations and participants who took the time to respond to and influence our survey and report. The returns clearly show a substantial response from decision makers and industry insiders across all the oil and gas producing regions. We are pleased to present the findings in this report for our industry partners to utilse in their future decision making.

• 170,000 + oil and gas professionals were invited to participate

• 10,500 + were either direct recruiters or senior decision makers

• Over 50 countries represented in seven major oil and gas producing regions

Regional Responses Chart

Percentage of responses from each geographical region

www.airenergi.com2 © Air Energi 2012

Australia 14%

Middle East 19%

APAC 14%

Americas 16%

FSU Caspian 11%

Africa 11% UK - Europe 15%

trusted expertise

2 © Air Energi 2012

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creating an increased demand for qualified personnel, whether local or expat. Subsea talent remains in high demand and likely to increase once Angola gets its own pre-salt exploration programs underway. New labour reform measures have been implemented recently, geared toward improving working conditions and improving government transparency in the oil and gas sector, the backbone of the Angolan economy.

NigeriaThe Nigerian government has recently approved a $3.5 billion national electricity grid to put an end to the country’s chronic power shortages. Ironically, Nigeria seeks to raise much of the capital required through foreign partners, in exchange for which the government promises increased operational transparency and above-board administration. Proposed timelines are to have the new ‘supergrid’ completed by 2014; specialised subsets from local oil and gas exploits may migrate to this groundbreaking project.

Yet another federal election is threatening to backburner the proposed Petroleum Industry Bill (which would effectively rewrite the legal and fiscal basis of Nigeria’s relationships with IOCs) once more, potentially delaying billions of dollars in energy industry investments. Until fully revealed and understood, the controversy surrounding the Bill will result in a slowdown in some major projects, operators opting to remain in holding pattern until it is known what real effect the bill will have on corruption and security concerns.

“Working with little geological knowledge of the Africa region and vast potential for exploration, East Africa really is one of the most exciting locations within the oil and gas world right now”

Regional OverviewOffshore activity is in huge growth offshore West Africa. This

is creating significant demand for subsea specialist engineers

already in short supply worldwide, an issue compounded here

by the expatriation of foreign workers required by local content

regulations. These positions are being backfilled by local

personnel with on-the-job training as they become available, and

many foreign personnel are being redeployed to similar projects

in Asia Pacific where possible. Despite the many challenges of

working in Africa, such as personal safety and high cost of living,

the average rates in Africa have somewhat decreased, largely

owing to the steady increase in local content within the industry.

ANGOLASome local content regulations are more stringent than others,

but in Angola the requirements can be particularly burdensome to

meet: foreign operators must prove they have tried every avenue

possible to hire local for a given position before permission to

recruit an international may be granted. Apprenticeship programs

and other jobsite training is helping to bolster local employment

in the near term, but higher level technical training will be

required before Angola can fully cut its ties to expat education

and experience. Besides making every attempt to keep the local

economy growing as strenuously as possible, Angolan E&P

is padding the project rosters of shipyards and manufacturing

corporations in Asia Pacific, Norway and the UK. Subsea and

HSE expertise across all disciplines is in demand here, competing

with similar projects in Australia and Brazil.

NIGERIAAs in Angola, the local content regulations here are cumbersome.

And there is a trickle-down effect also being experienced with added

pressure from the Nigerian government to fulfill more and more E&P

project components at home, right down to manufacturing. Some

corporations are having success repatriating Nigerian nationals

from abroad to fill key roles. Though still plagued by conspiracy

(whether theoretical or real) Nigeria continues to institute oil sector

reforms to increase government transparency and international

goodwill, such as the appointment of various taskforces and

committees, and the recent reorganisation of the management at

NNPC (Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation). Despite these

measures, security threats such as violent attacks from militants

remain ongoing concerns particularly offshore Nigeria. Some

estimates put the annual cost of piracy to be approximately $2

billion a year – a huge sum for local and regional economies.

Expectations for Africa

Africa

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trusted expertise

Decrease No Change

30%65%

Increase

5%

Decrease No ChangeIncrease

38%47% 15%

Contract + Salary Pay Rates

Hiring Rates

3© Air Energi 2012

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creating an increased demand for qualified personnel, whether local or expat. Subsea talent remains in high demand and likely to increase once Angola gets its own pre-salt exploration programs underway. New labour reform measures have been implemented recently, geared toward improving working conditions and improving government transparency in the oil and gas sector, the backbone of the Angolan economy.

NigeriaThe Nigerian government has recently approved a $3.5 billion national electricity grid to put an end to the country’s chronic power shortages. Ironically, Nigeria seeks to raise much of the capital required through foreign partners, in exchange for which the government promises increased operational transparency and above-board administration. Proposed timelines are to have the new ‘supergrid’ completed by 2014; specialised subsets from local oil and gas exploits may migrate to this groundbreaking project.

Yet another federal election is threatening to backburner the proposed Petroleum Industry Bill (which would effectively rewrite the legal and fiscal basis of Nigeria’s relationships with IOCs) once more, potentially delaying billions of dollars in energy industry investments. Until fully revealed and understood, the controversy surrounding the Bill will result in a slowdown in some major projects, operators opting to remain in holding pattern until it is known what real effect the bill will have on corruption and security concerns.

“Oil and natural gas will continue to provide more than half of America’s energy for decades to come.”

Regional Overview

Following months of uncertainty surrounding the US economy and offshore regulatory reforms, massive investment in the upstream sector is underway across North America, driven in particular by E&P activity in unconventional gas in the United States. Offshore is also making a significant rebound post-Macondo. Skills shortages are still palpable in North America, though less acutely felt here than elsewhere, in large part because Houston has long been the epicenter of talent for the oil and gas industry. Rates remain competitive in North America, helping draw in available talent looking for attractive assignments in the region. There are still technical and political barriers to development in South America; however local content regulations and the need for foreign operators to work through local business channels can slow progress as compared to other parts of the world.

ARGENTINAShale gas exploration is gaining significant momentum in the United States, but other markets such as Argentina are beginning to see expansion of their domestic shale gas E&P activities, for which fracking expertise will be essential to getting these projects underway. Argentina may be sitting on the third largest shale gas reserves, but finding the expertise to develop them is another. Whether Argentina can maximise the development of these resources given the highly specialised skillsets required – particularly when in competition with perhaps more attractive destinations like the United States – remains to be seen.

As much as it courts significant international investment to develop these reserves, Argentina will need to play nice on the political spectrum to get it. Tension remains over the Falklands, and concerns have been raised following the attempted takeover of assets owned and operated by Spain’s Repsol YPF SA, on the grounds that the company had not invested enough back into local businesses and community initiatives. Demands for salary increases as much as 20 per cent are being made by its prominently unionised labour force in order to keep up with the country’s steep inflation.

BRAZILGlobal offshore activity is expected to jump as much as five per cent next year – already a significant increase over average – yet the increase may be four times that in Brazil. Offshore personnel will be extremely difficult to source here, particularly given Brazil’s strict local content regulations. In March of 2012, NOC Petrobras adopted a companywide policy to ensure local goods and services are used throughout its $225 billion worth of projects, yet by May it had already suspended non-compliant contractors. Now, with cost overruns and delays in the billions, analysts anticipate Petrobras is in need of a major re-think of its targets and parameters, but these are very much currently in the works.

Yet the demand to develop its staggering deepwater reserves remains. According to one source, Brazil may account for half of the new offshore jobs created over the next year, with an ancillary job market in the tens of thousands in manufacturing and construction of ships, platforms and drilling rigs. One Keppel-managed shipyard employs 7,000 people alone. Not immune to the laws of supply and demand, oil and gas professionals employed in Brazil are enjoying rate hikes nearly four times the global average. Construction personnel as well as Subsea, Environmental, HSE and Quality personnel will be critical to ensure projects are delivered timely and to spec.

CANADAPlagued by regulatory and environmental hurdles, the Northern Gateway Pipeline, spanning from the oilsands in northern Alberta to a terminal on Canada’s west coast, will create thousands of jobs over the course of its construction and operation. In situ oilsands and offshore personnel remain in highest demand, and Canada will soon join the many other countries clamoring for shale gas expertise.

Developments in Canada continue to move at a strong pace. Overall, offshore and onshore projects within Canada are very busy, as heralded by the ongoing attention being paid to shortage in the trades. Whereas other countries are finding it difficult to find the specialists, the industry’s single largest limiter here is with the tools. Western Canada’s key major project groups are progressing well with strong activity in Alberta, increasing in shale gas exploits in BC and the future development discussions surrounding the Kitimat terminals on Canada’s west coast. Project momentum is expected to continue to climb to the end of 2012 and peak sometime in 2014.

Near-term demand includes drilling completions, geology and geophysics. Project controls, document controls and contracts administration are an ongoing core shortage.

Americas

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4 © Air Energi 2012

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COLOMBIAThough Brazil, and to a lesser extent Argentina, may be in the spotlight in Latin America’s energy sector, development of Colombia’s reserves is quietly on the rise. Construction has begun on some of the projects commissioned in 2010, but the supporting infrastructure for transport and export remains Colombia’s largest inhibitor. The country remains in need of the higher-scale investment enjoyed by its Latin American neighbours to increase its E&P to desired levels. Labour and civil unrest, as well as attacks on pipelines and railroads from leftist-guerrillas remain key safety concerns for personnel on assignment in remote regions here. And all this comes at a cost: as much as 30 per cent higher rates are paid to expat talent here than average. Colombia will be competing with other projects in North America as it seeks to develop its unconventional shale gas and tight oil reserves.

USAWith the Deepwater Horizon spill and offshore moratorium behind, activity in the Gulf of Mexico has once again resumed its steady pace. Shale gas is becoming more and more complex, as decisions are taken as to which field to develop when and by whom. Any remaining public concern over the environmental risks associated with shale gas extraction appears to be quieted for the time being, encouraged perhaps by the promise of much-needed job creation. The only wildcard that remains is which deposit will be first to the pump.

A big new play in the United States has come in the form of new shale oil discoveries in the north-central states. Between its domestic offshore, shale oil and shale gas deposits it is conceivable that the US can finally wean itself from foreign supply, but that reality will be more than a few years out. Houston is experiencing a strong pickup of activity as well, with design firms hopping in to support projects underway worldwide. As elsewhere, with the increasing momentum comes increasing pressure to keep competitive with rates, but while US-based IOCs are finding themselves able to breathe a bit they are not about to launch bidding wars for talent, at least not yet. Drilling and Completions personnel are in high demand for the offshore sector, where as Design and Project Management expertise is required to fulfill Houston’s contractual obligations.

VENEZUELAVenezuela has recently pledged to build a number of downstream refineries and other facilities to help kick start the development of its vast Orinoco belt. This will result in more jobs in-country, for which Venezuela is likely well-poised with resident oil and gas experienced personnel. But it suffers from a poor track record with international oil companies who can find themselves locked out of their investments and infrastructure at any given moment. Given the size of its reserves Venezuela will never be fully sidelined, but it also may never enjoy the free flow of foreign investment dollars being enjoyed by other developing nations. Venezuela’s talent pool is fairly solid and could be a good source for other projects in the region; however, the workarounds to their expatriation are significant.

Expectations for Americas

Americas

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trusted expertise

Decrease No Change

41%48%

Increase

11%

Decrease No ChangeIncrease

36.6%56% 6.8%

Contract + Salary Pay Rates

Hiring Rates

5© Air Energi 2012

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creating an increased demand for qualified personnel, whether local or expat. Subsea talent remains in high demand and likely to increase once Angola gets its own pre-salt exploration programs underway. New labour reform measures have been implemented recently, geared toward improving working conditions and improving government transparency in the oil and gas sector, the backbone of the Angolan economy.

NigeriaThe Nigerian government has recently approved a $3.5 billion national electricity grid to put an end to the country’s chronic power shortages. Ironically, Nigeria seeks to raise much of the capital required through foreign partners, in exchange for which the government promises increased operational transparency and above-board administration. Proposed timelines are to have the new ‘supergrid’ completed by 2014; specialised subsets from local oil and gas exploits may migrate to this groundbreaking project.

Yet another federal election is threatening to backburner the proposed Petroleum Industry Bill (which would effectively rewrite the legal and fiscal basis of Nigeria’s relationships with IOCs) once more, potentially delaying billions of dollars in energy industry investments. Until fully revealed and understood, the controversy surrounding the Bill will result in a slowdown in some major projects, operators opting to remain in holding pattern until it is known what real effect the bill will have on corruption and security concerns.

“The Asia Pacific region is an area known for its diversity, opportunity and capacity for growth, working with fixed-location, drillships, offshore platforms, semi-submersibles and FPSOs.”

Regional OverviewWorld-leading record investments are still being made in the offshore segment throughout Asia Pacific, some 40 per cent higher here than in the North Sea. The demand for engineering and technical expertise is ongoing, not only for E&P work within the immediate region but in support of the seeming unending string of major plays coming out of Australia. Refineries, chemical and power processing are also growing at unprecedented rates. APAC experienced the biggest jump in salaries into 2011, supported by strong regional commitment to boost production. Across the entire region, the following disciplines are in increasing demand: Naval Architects, Subsea Engineers, Construction Advisors, Project Controls specialists, QA/QC, Safety Engineers and Process Engineers. In terms of the global talent crunch, Asia Pacific may be well poised for the future through the comparatively large numbers of new engineering graduates entering the workforce here, particularly in Vietnam.

JAPANSince the earthquake that destroyed the Fukushima Daiichi plant and ground its nuclear industry to a halt, Japan has been heavily reliant on LNG imports to meet its domestic needs. In spite of the massive rebuilding that lies ahead, Japan is also heavily involved in several diverse and strategic LNG plays worldwide, lending its investments and strong technical expertise to such ventures. For a nation whose preference for nuclear power hinged on its environmental benefits, the aftermath is doubly bitter, forced to reconcile with the cleanup of massive amounts of nuclear waste as well as become almost solely reliant on fossil fuels. Local design firms are extremely busy at the moment both in finding solutions to their own domestic energy emergency as well as in support of the long roster of megaprojects abroad.

INDONESIAIndonesia’s battles to attract fresh investment in its domestic oil and gas reserves and boost lagging output may soon be over. A significant $12 billion deal with Royal Dutch Shell has recently been announced, which promises to help unlock its offshore gas

fields as well as enable Indonesia to build its first ever FPSO unit. Unlike some of its regional neighbours, Indonesia is not struggling to compensate for dwindling domestic supply; rather it needs new developments like this to help meet its own domestic demand as well as keep up with exports. Foreign IOCs are largely given the latitude they need to operate as required. But Indonesia will continue to be a key supplier of downstream components (such as fabrication and refinery). Project Managers and Construction personnel remain in high demand, as well as LNG-related construction disciplines.

MALAYSIAState-run Petronas has long pursued investments and joint-ventures with operators and NOCs worldwide, making Malaysia a regional hub for both design and manufacturing expertise. A new subsea services base has recently been commissioned among many other regional manufacturing projects including FPSOs and a subsea production system to be deployed in domestic fields, bringing with it increased demands for everything from FEED to construction, with Construction Project Managers, Quality and Safety personnel. Significant offshore developments are also underway, spiking demand for drilling exploration expertise. Fixed platform and LNG engineering and construction personnel are also highly sought after. As the demand for subsea and HSE disciplines continues to escalate, so do the demands put forth by personnel with these credentials. With so much highly technical offshore work in progress or soon to be commissioned, it’s a question whether companies can afford not to capitulate.

SINGAPORESingapore’s shipyards are busy around the clock with orders for everything from jackups to semisubmersibles to floating production units. With billions of dollars in new rig builds coming in from Brazil, Australia and elsewhere, along with contracts for new domestic petrochemical and feedstock facilities, Singapore is further cementing itself as the regional hub for offshore and upstream construction and manufacturing. Given the large volumes of work on order, Singapore shows little preference for the nationality of the worker, as has largely been the case since the ‘Great Recession’ of 2009. Core project demands at present require design engineering as well as construction and commissioning-related experience.

THAILANDNew discoveries in Thailand are attracting new levels of foreign investment and helping to ensure future domestic energy supply. Additionally, talks between Cambodia and Thailand over rights in overlapping waters in the Gulf of Thailand have resumed and appear to be getting off to a positive start. The incentive is there for both parties: Thailand’s domestic reserves are on the decline whilst impoverished Cambodia has secured sufficient investment to begin

Asia Pacific

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creating an increased demand for qualified personnel, whether local or expat. Subsea talent remains in high demand and likely to increase once Angola gets its own pre-salt exploration programs underway. New labour reform measures have been implemented recently, geared toward improving working conditions and improving government transparency in the oil and gas sector, the backbone of the Angolan economy.

NigeriaThe Nigerian government has recently approved a $3.5 billion national electricity grid to put an end to the country’s chronic power shortages. Ironically, Nigeria seeks to raise much of the capital required through foreign partners, in exchange for which the government promises increased operational transparency and above-board administration. Proposed timelines are to have the new ‘supergrid’ completed by 2014; specialised subsets from local oil and gas exploits may migrate to this groundbreaking project.

Yet another federal election is threatening to backburner the proposed Petroleum Industry Bill (which would effectively rewrite the legal and fiscal basis of Nigeria’s relationships with IOCs) once more, potentially delaying billions of dollars in energy industry investments. Until fully revealed and understood, the controversy surrounding the Bill will result in a slowdown in some major projects, operators opting to remain in holding pattern until it is known what real effect the bill will have on corruption and security concerns.

E&P in its own offshore territory. Though it’s not likely to be a major global player in the energy market, Thailand’s contributions to the region’s economic growth are becoming more and more apparent, particularly as its domestic politics stabilise. Subsea and LNG expertise, as well as Construction/Project Managers and EPC disciplines remain in strong demand.

VIETNAMBy contrast to the relatively cooperative maritime talks underway between Thailand and Cambodia, Vietnam and China are becoming more entangled in the contest over competing claims over the area known as the Spratly Islands, which sit over large oil and gas deposits. The catch is that there are a total of six countries that have vied for rights to this site. Yet China asserts that it retains sovereignty over the 200+ billion barrels of resources located in the South China Sea. In the meantime, Japan is proceeding as a primary funding partner in these pursuits, and will offer Japanese firms first right of refusal for upstream infrastructure projects. EPC and FEED work is ongoing in support of these and other projects underway.

Expectations for APAC

Asia Pacific

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trusted expertise

Decrease No Change

40%48%

Increase

12%

Decrease No ChangeIncrease

24%71% 5%

Contract + Salary Pay Rates

Hiring Rates

7© Air Energi 2012

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creating an increased demand for qualified personnel, whether local or expat. Subsea talent remains in high demand and likely to increase once Angola gets its own pre-salt exploration programs underway. New labour reform measures have been implemented recently, geared toward improving working conditions and improving government transparency in the oil and gas sector, the backbone of the Angolan economy.

NigeriaThe Nigerian government has recently approved a $3.5 billion national electricity grid to put an end to the country’s chronic power shortages. Ironically, Nigeria seeks to raise much of the capital required through foreign partners, in exchange for which the government promises increased operational transparency and above-board administration. Proposed timelines are to have the new ‘supergrid’ completed by 2014; specialised subsets from local oil and gas exploits may migrate to this groundbreaking project.

Yet another federal election is threatening to backburner the proposed Petroleum Industry Bill (which would effectively rewrite the legal and fiscal basis of Nigeria’s relationships with IOCs) once more, potentially delaying billions of dollars in energy industry investments. Until fully revealed and understood, the controversy surrounding the Bill will result in a slowdown in some major projects, operators opting to remain in holding pattern until it is known what real effect the bill will have on corruption and security concerns.

“New investment in the region is driving the industry forward, luckily it is a sought after work destination.”

Regional OverviewEarly in 2012, Ichthys joined Gorgon, Prelude, Gladstone and Wheatstone as one more in a string of multi-billion dollar megaprojects, and it is anticipated that an additional six world-scale projects will be commissioned in the coming months. The region is already experiencing significant labour shortages and resultant cost overruns, so just how will Australia continue to feed its voracious appetite for investment and personnel? Fortunately for Australia, it has the reputation of being among the most sought-after destinations for expats seeking a term abroad, both in terms of lifestyle and technically challenging (resume boosting) experience.

AUSTRALIAIt’s worth mentioning that in spite of the significant global uptick in gas-related plays, 70 per cent of those under construction are located in Australia. When we talk in terms of escalating project costs and tightening labour shortages, Australia is where the rubber hits the road. According to one report, Australia may experience a shortage of nearly 150,000 people required to develop the plays currently underway. And there is more large-scale commissioning activity in the hopper.

Chevron reported recently that labour costs account for approximately half of Gorgon’s $A 43 billion budget. These are not nickel-and-dime sums, particularly when extrapolated across similar megaprojects currently underway here. Global demand for construction and management services is indisputably on the rise, creating a gradual nudge in rates. On average, rates in Australia are already typically higher to begin with than those for comparable positions elsewhere. The issue is further compounded by a high Australian dollar. Fortunately, the demand for LNG is not slowing down, particularly in neighbouring Asia Pacific, so these projects thus far remain in the black in spite of the mounting costs.

Companies are taking different approaches to the hiring dilemma, some relying primarily on short-term contact personnel and others choosing to source and hire permanent local staff. Others such as Inpex are positioning themselves (and Australia) as a choice destination through dynamic messaging aimed at potential recruits, in particular out of the United States. Corporate advertising pitches are joining government-sponsored ones all geared at attracting top personnel to career opportunities down under.

Whether a foreign operator or local one, all enjoy relatively lenient and accommodating Australian labour regulations, who in sharp contrast to other national regimes, have made it policy to do virtually everything possible to enable a sufficiently strong workforce regardless of nationality. Equality seems to be the operative word here, where expats and locals are subject to the same income tax provisions, and in general neither is exempted from national employment law.

Specialist disciplines are highest in demand, such as Drilling and Subsea. Other Engineering personnel as well as Construction, Quality, Project Management and Safety disciplines are in notably short supply along with skilled trades of virtually every description.

PNGIn contrast to the massive driving forces behind Australia’s energy developments, those in Papua New Guinea are proceeding at a far more cautious pace. Environmental regulations are among the tightest anywhere, day rates are among the highest in the world, strict local content regulations and a savvy understanding of how to work within local politics are just few of the obstacles in place prior to moving one shovel of dirt. Yet new large offshore discoveries continue to be made here, and long-time operators in the market such as Talisman will have a significant competitive advantage over others wishing to develop here.

Expectations for Australasia

Australasia

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trusted expertise

Decrease No Change

51%40%

Increase

9%

Decrease No ChangeIncrease

29%71% 0%

Contract + Salary Pay Rates

Hiring Rates

8 © Air Energi 2012

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creating an increased demand for qualified personnel, whether local or expat. Subsea talent remains in high demand and likely to increase once Angola gets its own pre-salt exploration programs underway. New labour reform measures have been implemented recently, geared toward improving working conditions and improving government transparency in the oil and gas sector, the backbone of the Angolan economy.

NigeriaThe Nigerian government has recently approved a $3.5 billion national electricity grid to put an end to the country’s chronic power shortages. Ironically, Nigeria seeks to raise much of the capital required through foreign partners, in exchange for which the government promises increased operational transparency and above-board administration. Proposed timelines are to have the new ‘supergrid’ completed by 2014; specialised subsets from local oil and gas exploits may migrate to this groundbreaking project.

Yet another federal election is threatening to backburner the proposed Petroleum Industry Bill (which would effectively rewrite the legal and fiscal basis of Nigeria’s relationships with IOCs) once more, potentially delaying billions of dollars in energy industry investments. Until fully revealed and understood, the controversy surrounding the Bill will result in a slowdown in some major projects, operators opting to remain in holding pattern until it is known what real effect the bill will have on corruption and security concerns.

“This region is internal dispute for rights but once agreed, it has great resources for the future.”

Regional OverviewAs offshore activity picks up worldwide, so do the issues of sovereignty and development rights among countries who share oceanic geography. As in Asia Pacific, contesting claims for the reserves in Caspian waters may take years to resolve. The Caspian region may be the next big pre-salt contender alongside West Africa and Brazil. What remains is to determine what portion belongs to each of the five countries in dispute: Russia, Iran, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan and Kazakhstan. As with other developing nations whose future security and well-being hinges on the development of its energy resources, the stakes are equally high here.

KAZAKHSTANSome 100,000 foreign specialists are estimated to be recruited for one-year contract gigs to help mobilise phase two of the Kashagan and Karachaganak oil fields. Officials do not anticipate commercial production to begin prior to 2013. Such an about-face in the immigration and contracting of expat labour can be attributed to the noise made by operators with vast stakes in developing these projects, who were effectively locked out of any opportunity to recruit expat contractors or employees at the end of 2011.

Restarting such massive projects – particularly under the shadow of weak Soviet infrastructure and uncooperative government policy – has proven to be a large challenge here. Development of the region’s massive Kashagan field has been repeatedly stalled due to operator changes, policy changes and abrupt changes to cost-recovery and royalty structures. Even with agreements in place, it has long been a difficult proposition to attract top expertise to the Caspian region. In response, Kazakh NOCs have pledged to invest significantly in the improvement and modernisation of infrastructure, particularly as relates to improving work conditions, which should help attract the personnel required for these projects.

AZERBAIJANFEED work is scheduled to commence on Azerbaijan’s mega Shah Deniz gas field, which contains an estimated 30 trillion cubic feet of resources. The announcement that the project has officially entered Stage 2 is a significant one to the operator consortium that has already invested in excess of $30 billion at the site. With reserves this significant, the field has the capability

to supply much of the region’s energy needs, and comes with it a plan to build nearly 4,000 kilometers of pipelines to supply Europe. The scope of work here is immense for FEED and construction.

RUSSIARussia produces large numbers of energy graduates yearly, but the biggest challenge is keeping them from taking their degrees overseas to more attractive markets in the US, UK and Canada. In order to remain a competitive place in which nationals will chose to remain, or to which expats may be recruited, Russia has begun to take a close look at several of its approaches to energy projects ranging from improved HSE practices to better conditions for workers.

As predicted, Putin’s re-election has given the green light to a new Shtokman consortium, as well as an official announcement that the Russian energy sector needs to make every effort to attract foreign investment in the research and development required to boost production in its remote and technically challenging fields, which are currently only producing a mere four per cent of capacity. In the near term, Safety, Process and Planning disciplines are expected to be highest in demand here.

Expectations for FSU - Caspian

FSU - Caspian

www.airenergi.com 9© Air Energi 2012

trusted expertise

Decrease No Change

44%43%

Increase

13%

Decrease No ChangeIncrease

33%60% 7%

Contract + Salary Pay Rates

Hiring Rates

9© Air Energi 2012

Page 12: Workforce Survey h2 2012

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creating an increased demand for qualified personnel, whether local or expat. Subsea talent remains in high demand and likely to increase once Angola gets its own pre-salt exploration programs underway. New labour reform measures have been implemented recently, geared toward improving working conditions and improving government transparency in the oil and gas sector, the backbone of the Angolan economy.

NigeriaThe Nigerian government has recently approved a $3.5 billion national electricity grid to put an end to the country’s chronic power shortages. Ironically, Nigeria seeks to raise much of the capital required through foreign partners, in exchange for which the government promises increased operational transparency and above-board administration. Proposed timelines are to have the new ‘supergrid’ completed by 2014; specialised subsets from local oil and gas exploits may migrate to this groundbreaking project.

Yet another federal election is threatening to backburner the proposed Petroleum Industry Bill (which would effectively rewrite the legal and fiscal basis of Nigeria’s relationships with IOCs) once more, potentially delaying billions of dollars in energy industry investments. Until fully revealed and understood, the controversy surrounding the Bill will result in a slowdown in some major projects, operators opting to remain in holding pattern until it is known what real effect the bill will have on corruption and security concerns.

“Majors in region have shown that Europe’s oil and gas industry enjoyed a robust start to the year.”

Regional OverviewEurope may not be figuring as prominently in the international E&P stage as other regions, yet its North Sea basins are still highly active. Any labour shortfall here is doubly complicated due to the age of several projects: whilst much of the world’s offshore activities are in start-up phases, in the North Sea they are mature and / or in need of decommissioning, placing a premium on project managers, structural and process engineers, planning and other site personnel. But thanks to new discoveries here, several projects are also entering FEED and related stages, particularly based out of Norway.

SCANDINAVIAIn spite of the North Sea ‘renaissance’ currently underway, in terms of offshore job creation the region is forecasted to be significantly behind other hotspots in Latin America, Australia and Africa. However the heavy decommissioning work currently underway in the North Sea is creating a real crunch for skilled workers, with companies based across the region competing for the same people and across industries, such as the wind power sector. But a new energy deal between Norway and the UK could help ease competition within the region. Each country has pledged investment dollars towards mutually-beneficial E&P projects and job creation, with a goal of keeping the top talent the region is known for within home borders.

UKWith ongoing development in the North Sea, UK design firms are also struggling to find the Project Management, Geologist, Geosciences, Subsea and HSE professionals they need. Here, as elsewhere, attrition through retirement is being taken more and more seriously, not just at professional levels but among skilled trades as well. The area is also burdened by the stigma that reserves in the North Sea will soon run out, taking any career longevity with it. This is, of course, not the case, but it can be an additional barrier to recruiting additional personnel from abroad. The UK government has taken several measures to enable future exploration and production activity in the North Sea through investments and other tax-reduction incentives tied to development, and local industry has launched a number of outreach and digital initiatives aimed at junior university students to encourage them to choose a career in oil and gas.

MAINLAND EUROPEAlthough domestic production will likely never reach those of other regions of the world, Italy has lifted its offshore drilling ban, a measure put in place following the Macondo disaster in the Gulf of Mexico. Europe is, however, home to generous reserves of shale gas, but in spite of cautious discussions and tentative exploration the environmental concerns at this point outweigh any rationale to develop them.

Investments pour out in the billions from the continent’s supermajors, but everyone is cautious regarding the future of the Eurozone. Yet the region still supports a large portion of the world’s best engineering and design talent, and local offices remain busy supporting projects abroad. Safety, Process and Planners are highest in demand, and subsequent increases in rates are expected. As with other energy centres on the continent, Mainland Europe is proving a good testing ground for initiatives geared at transitioning and training young technical professionals through mentorship and related programs.

Expectations for Europe

Europe

www.airenergi.com10 © Air Energi 2012

trusted expertise

Decrease No Change

44%39%

Increase

17%

Decrease No ChangeIncrease

45%47% 8%

Contract + Salary Pay Rates

Hiring Rates

10 © Air Energi 2012

Page 13: Workforce Survey h2 2012

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creating an increased demand for qualified personnel, whether local or expat. Subsea talent remains in high demand and likely to increase once Angola gets its own pre-salt exploration programs underway. New labour reform measures have been implemented recently, geared toward improving working conditions and improving government transparency in the oil and gas sector, the backbone of the Angolan economy.

NigeriaThe Nigerian government has recently approved a $3.5 billion national electricity grid to put an end to the country’s chronic power shortages. Ironically, Nigeria seeks to raise much of the capital required through foreign partners, in exchange for which the government promises increased operational transparency and above-board administration. Proposed timelines are to have the new ‘supergrid’ completed by 2014; specialised subsets from local oil and gas exploits may migrate to this groundbreaking project.

Yet another federal election is threatening to backburner the proposed Petroleum Industry Bill (which would effectively rewrite the legal and fiscal basis of Nigeria’s relationships with IOCs) once more, potentially delaying billions of dollars in energy industry investments. Until fully revealed and understood, the controversy surrounding the Bill will result in a slowdown in some major projects, operators opting to remain in holding pattern until it is known what real effect the bill will have on corruption and security concerns.

“With tight controls and the regional instability growth for some areas is slow but has started to increase.”

Regional OverviewThe Middle East is home to nearly half of the world’s total gas reserves and almost a third of global oil production. As with other regions, there are the haves and the have-nots; those besieged by civil war or other economic repression first need to play catch-up in terms of infrastructure and education of their local workforce before becoming a larger presence on the global energy scene. Iraq and Saudi Arabia are driving forces in this region in terms of total investment and spending, particularly in drilling activities. The region boasts some of the lowest start-up and operational costs, and the large numbers of expats on contract here typically enjoy solid remuneration, longer contracts and pleasant quality of life.

IRAQIraq is somewhat behind its other Middle Eastern neighbours in terms of infrastructure and related development, which is proving to be a hindrance to increasing its energy exports to any significant extent. In 2011 Iraq commenced a large-scale overhaul of its pipeline network, which will create jobs in the near term and boost exports in the long term. Chinese investment is being put to good use here as elsewhere, fast-tracking development and providing ample job opportunities for local Iraqis. If there could be something called a ‘Wild East’, Iraq would be it: enforcement of boundaries with Kurdish regions is soft at best, local content regulations are quite relaxed and job opportunities in the tens of thousands are expected in everything from unskilled to professional trades.

QATARQatar is in job creation mode once again in support of Shell’s Ras Laffan refinery, which promises to re-employ many of those laid off from when its Pearl gas-to-liquids plant was brought online in spring 2011 and creating initial demand for FEED-related work. In addition, the $6 billion Barzan onshore project is creating demand for construction expertise. Though the region has historically offered some of the longest-term contracts to its expat personnel, Qatar is taking the sentiment one step further, displaying a distinct preference to permanent staff over contractors. For those not wishing to stay in the Middle East, there are abundant positions on offer in Australia requiring nearly parallel skillsets. Even for permanent positions, rates remain competitive within the region and worldwide.

Middle East

www.airenergi.com 11© Air Energi 2012

UAEWell-funded and resource-endowed UAE, seemingly immune from the economic and political pressures experienced elsewhere in the region, remains as busy as ever. There are well-paying, long-term, tax-sheltered jobs to be had in almost every sector. Within oil and gas, FEED, Project Management, and a significant rise in Piping, Pipeline and Process Engineers are currently most required. And an additional $40 billion has been pledged toward energy projects until 2014, ranging from crude and gas to refinery and petrochemical developments. UAE is also wading more heavily into its offshore exploits and related infrastructure to solidify its export channels. EPC contracts will also be announced late 2012 for two new refinery projects and an import terminal for LNG.

SAUDI ARABIASaudi Arabia may not be making the headlines in the energy sector alongside Brazil, Australia and elsewhere, but the sheer size of its reserves and export capacity brings with it the ability to be a significant voice in the control and trade of the commodity. With reserves, capacity, experience, and extremely low operating costs, Saudi Arabia is a welcome destination for foreign investment. But foreign investors must still contend with regional instability, lack of financial incentives and strict environmental compliance regulations in order to do business here.

Expectations for the Middle East

trusted expertise

Contract + Salary Pay Rates

Decrease No Change

40%45%

Increase

Hiring Rates

15%

Decrease No ChangeIncrease

31%63% 6%

11© Air Energi 2012

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Regional Comparisons

Key

Africa - Contract - Salary Pay Rates100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

H22010

H12010

H1 2011

H22011

H1 2012

H22012

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

H22010

H12010

H1 2011

H22011

H1 2012

H22012

Africa - Hiring Rate

Americas - Contract - Salary Pay Rates 100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

H22010

H12010

H1 2011

H22011

H1 2012

H22012

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

H22010

H12010

H1 2011

H22011

H1 2012

H22012

Americas - Hiring Rate

Asia Pacific - Contract - Salary Pay Rates 100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

H22010

H12010

H1 2011

H22011

H1 2012

H22012

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

H22010

H12010

H1 2011

H22011

H1 2012

H22012

Asia Pacific - Hiring Rate

Australasia - Contract - Salary Pay Rates100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

H22010

H12010

H1 2011

H22011

H1 2012

H22012

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

H22010

H12010

H1 2011

H22011

H1 2012

H22012

Australasia - Hiring Rate

H1 = statistics/predictions for the first half of the year, H2 = statistics/predictions for the second half of the year.

www.airenergi.com12 © Air Energi 2012

trusted expertise

Increase Decrease No Change

12 © Air Energi 2012

Page 15: Workforce Survey h2 2012

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Key

FSU - Caspian - Contract - Salary Pay 100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

H22010

H12010

H1 2011

H22011

H1 2012

H22012

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

H22010

H12010

H1 2011

H22011

H1 2012

H22012

FSU - Caspian - Hiring Rate

Europe - Contract - Salary Pay 100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

H22010

H12010

H1 2011

H22011

H1 2012

H22012

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

H22010

H12010

H1 2011

H22011

H1 2012

H22012

Europe - Hiring Rate

Middle East - Contract - Salary Pay100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

H22010

H12010

H1 2011

H22011

H1 2012

H22012

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

H22010

H12010

H1 2011

H22011

H1 2012

H22012

Middle East - Hiring Rate

H1 = statitics/predictions for the first half of the year, H2 = statistics/predictions for the second half of the year.

www.airenergi.com 13© Air Energi 2012

trusted expertise

Increase Decrease No Change

13© Air Energi 2012

Page 16: Workforce Survey h2 2012

www.airenergi.com

Staffing Projectionstrusted expertise

With all of the current demands on staffing we asked what kind of solutions are in place and what the main issues are going forward. Which specialist role is in the highest demand within your organisation?

What do you think is the biggest current threat to the Oil & Gas industry?

What challenges do you see in your employee training program?

Drilling

14 © Air Energi 2012

Project Manager

Contract Administrator

Geologist

Engineer

Safety Regulations

Labour Costs

Economic Instability

Capital Costs

Visa / Immigration

Skill Shortage

Lack of Budget 28.4%

Lack of skilled trainers24.8%

Not getting quality candidates 18.2%

Can’t offer the full selection of training 28.6%

Page 17: Workforce Survey h2 2012

Air Energi is the trusted supplier to the oil and gas industry. With over 30 years experience in the sector our goal is to become the recognised, foremost provider of trusted expertise to the international oil and gas industry.

The Air Energi Group has ventures in over thirty countries across the globe and deploys engineering professionals in over fifty countries. Our clients are driven by the need to reduce costs, improve efficiency of recruitment and to concentrate on delivering major projects on time and to budget. Increasingly our clients want to outsource the recruitment, pay rolling and logistical support for a growing percentage of their workforces. Air Energi provides a comprehensive range of services which allow us to deliver a total personnel solution on any scale, at any point in your project life cycle or field development and at all your locations.

With offices in 35 locations worldwide, and through our company values: Safe, knowledgeable, innovative, passionate, inclusive and pragmatism, WE DELIVER, each and every time.

Our range of services include:

Technical Contractor/Consulting - The identification, mobilization and support of technical consultants assigned to major oil and gas projects worldwide.

Global Mobility Services - Tax and payroll, immigration, transport, health, security, accommodation and on-going care.

Project Teams - Fully equipped, multi-disciplined teams for major oil and gas capital development projects.

Search - Bespoke contingent, retained and volume recruitment campaigns for permanent staff needs.

Recruitment Process Solutions - Experienced oil and gas recruitment experts working to deliver highly efficient resources to projects around the globe.

Strategic Consulting (trusted expertise) - Air Energi’s expertise and knowledge is increasingly being sought to develop and deliver workforce solutions to a range of challenging situations.

Key Stats• 2000 consultants currently assigned to major projects• Workforce 60% local/regional hires and 40% Western Expats• Present in 35 global locations• Experience in a total of 50 countries• Major clients include ExxonMobil, ConocoPhillips, Shell & Total• EPC clients include Worley Parsons, Wood Group, AMEC, Bechtel and KBR

www.airenergi.com

trusted expertise

15© Air Energi 2012

Page 18: Workforce Survey h2 2012

OilCareers was launched in 1999, and has become the giant of online recruitment within the Oil & Gas industry. We provide job seekers with an easy and effective way of searching for a new job or career across all specialisms in the Oil & Gas industry.

Our heritage, size and global reach, mean we are best placed to

match professionals to the right job, and provide recruiters with

the best value and a wide range of advertising opportunities to

access the largest global talent pool of job seekers.

OilCareers offers one of the industry’s most visited websites with

over 1 million visits each month. The site already helps some of

the biggest and most reputable employers in the Oil and Gas

industries to advertise their vacancies.

We provide instant job advertising for the Oil and Gas industry

to both local and worldwide audiences, with offices serving the

global industry hubs of the North Sea, US, Canada, Middle East,

Asia and Australia, bringing employers, agencies and candidates

together efficiently and confidentially.

With an unparalleled web presence, continuous online and offline

marketing, and a dedication to matching the best candidate to the

right job as easily and effectively as possible, OilCareers is a vital

resource for all companies recruiting in Oil & Gas.

Key Stats

• OilCareers receives over 1.3 million visits per month

• Over 700,000 unique visitors per month

• More than 1 million registered users

• Over 20,000 new candidates registering each month

• A CV database of over 650,000 searchable CVs

• Over 18,000 new vacancies posted each month

www.airenergi.com16 © Air Energi 2012

Page 19: Workforce Survey h2 2012

www.airenergi.com

Contacts

AmericasAir Resources Americas LLC6002 RogerdaleSuite 340, Houston Texas, 77072, USATel: +1 281 983 3464 Fax: +1 281 983 3468 [email protected]

Asia PacificAir Energi Group Singapore Pte Ltd1 North Bridge Road#06-03/04 High Street Centre Singapore, 179094 Tel: +65 6511 1060Fax: +65 6511 1050 [email protected]

AustralasiaAir Consulting Australia Pty LtdLevel 4, 46 Edward Street Brisbane, QLD, 4000Australia Tel: +61 (0)7 3056 0900 Fax: +61 (0)7 3112 2601 [email protected]

CaspianAir Energi Caspian LLP 6 office, 4 floor, 113 Kulmanov st.AtyrauKazakhstan060011 Tel: +7 7122 [email protected] UK, Europe & AfricaAir Resources LtdThe Exchange, 3 New York StManchester, M1 4HNUnited KingdomTel: +44 (0)870 112 9444Fax: +44 (0)870 112 [email protected]

Middle EastAir Resources QatarPO BOX 2953, Darwish Building 87604Area 48, Doha Airport WestDoha, QatarTel: +974 4462 0886Fax: +974 4462 6675 [email protected]

The Air Energi and OilCareers.com Global Oil & Gas Workforce Survey © 2012For more information on this report and its findings, please see information below.

Contributors Public Relations: Ian Langley. Coordination / Distribution and Design: Ben Quinton

www.airenergi.com16 © Air Energi 2012

United KingdomOilCareers LtdUnit 22, Abercrombie CourtArnhall Business ParkWesthill, AberdeenshireAB32 6FETel: + 44 0122 454 8080

United StatesOilCareers.com Inc11490 WestheimerSuite 850, HoustonTexas, 77077, USATel: +1 713 425 6316

DubaiOilCareers.comAl Thuraya Tower II, Executive office No. 18 – 6th floorP. O. Box 500643Dubai, UAE

AustraliaOilCareers Pty LtdLevel 3,130 Commercial Rd,Teneriffe,Qld, 4005Tel: +61 07 3872 6000

AustraliaAustralia (Perth) OfficeOilCareers Pty Ltd464 Hay Street,Subiaco WA 6008,AustraliaTel: +61 01 3008 7650

CanadaOilCareers.com1333 8 St SwCalgary, AlbertaT2r 1M6, CanadaTel: +1 403 209 3551

trusted expertise

17© Air Energi 2012

Page 20: Workforce Survey h2 2012

www.airenergi.com© Air Energi 2012


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