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Working as a Group
Small Groups
Small Groups
Small Group = 3 to 9 people.
To what groups do you belong?Think of two groups (outside of your
family).Sports TeamsOrganizations “Cliques”Etc.
Small Groups
What made these experiences good?
What made these experiences bad?
Small Groups
With your neighbors…
Solve this riddle.There is a house with four walls. Each wall
faces south. There is a window in each wall. A bear walks by one of the windows. What kind of bear was it?
A Polar bear. If all the walls face south, the house must be at the North pole and the bear, a polar bear.
…Too easy?
What do each of these have in common?Doughnut, notebook, golf courseTurtle, peanut, oysterBrown, Polar, KodiakCough, Tear, RainSoap, Granola, Candy
…Too easy?
Doughnut, notebook, golf course They all have holes.
Turtle, peanut, oyster They all have shells.
Brown, Polar, Kodiak They are all kinds of bears.
Cough, Tear, Rain They are all kinds of drops.
Soap, Granola, Candy They are all kinds of bars.
Small Groups
You probably worked with more than two people (yourself included).
You tried to solve a problem (goal).
Small Group ProcessThe interaction among three to nine people
who are working together to achieve an interdependent goal.
Small Groups
Why do you think people always end up being in a group of some sort?
Small Groups
InclusionThe state of being involved with others.
Small Groups
AffectionBeing valued
ControlThe ability to influence
your environment.
Dynamics of Small Groups
DIFFERENT TYPES OF GROUPS:
1) Task oriented groupGroups that form to solve a task or problem.
Dynamics of Small Groups
2) Relationship-oriented groups.Groups that make us feel a sense of worth.
Long-term. Satisfy inclusion & affection
Dynamics of Small Groups
3) Assigned groups.Develop out of hierarchy. Groups are
assigned.
Dynamics of Small Groups
4) Emergent groups.From environmental conditions. By choice.
Group Leaders
Second-half of worksheet.
Leadership in Groups
LeaderA person who influences the behavior and
attitudes of others through communication.
LeadershipA process using communication to
influence behaviors and attitudes of others to meet group goals.
Group Leaders
Types of Small Group Leaders
Designated leadersThose that you elect to lead.
Emergent leadersTemporary leaders that help guide the group for
a while.
Dynamics of Small Groups
What does it mean to be “a leader” in a group?A process using communication to influence
behaviors and attitudes of others to meet group goals.
Group Leader Power
Leader Power: Interpersonal influence that forms the basis
for group leadership.
Group Leader Power
1) RewardThe ability to give something of value.
Group Leader Power
2) PunishmentThe ability to withhold something of value to
another.
Group Leader Power
3) LegitimateYour role/title.
Assigned leader, title
Group Leader Power
4) ReferentPower based on respect or loyalty.
Group Leader Power
5) ExpertOne’s experience/knowledge is valued by
other members.
Roles
Formal roles – assigned roleInformal roles – develop out of the
interactions of group members
COMM FUNCTIONS:
Task – moves group towards goal
Relational – “harmonizes” members
Self-centered – own needs over group’s
Group Climate
ClimateEmotional tone or atmosphere members
create within the group.
Trust, support, cohesion
Group Climate
King of Cars example
Group Culture
GroupthinkThe desire for cohesion and agreement
takes priority over critical analysis and discussion.
“Blindly doing what you’re supposed to do.”The best decision/outcome is not reached.
NASA – space shuttle disaster.Monty Python Example
Questions???
ACTIVITY
Build a straw bridge.
When were task, maintenance, and self-center communication functions apparent?
Who took on the leadership role?How did you know?
ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS
1) How did your group work together?
2) What task/relational/self-centered
functions did you use?
3) Who was the leader? How do you
know?