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Working Document Number: D 2.4
Bike sharing in 10 European countries report. Module 5: Germany
Work package: WP2
Date of Preparation: 10.12.2009
Author(s): Janett Büttner
Editor(s): Alberto Castro Fernández, Günter Emberger, Nigel Williams
Project Co-ordinator: Janett Büttner choice GmbH
Holzmarktstraße 6-9 D-10179 Berlin Tel +49 (0)30 231491 250 E-mail: [email protected]
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Table of Contents
1. Country Overview 4
2. Market Potential 5
3. Berlin 6 3.1. City Overview 6 3.2. Call a Bike', Berlin 7
4. Munich 9 4.1. City overview 9 4.2. 'Call a Bike' Munich 10
5. Karlsruhe 12 5.1. City overview 12 5.2. 'Call a Bike' Karlsruhe 12
6. Stuttgart 14 6.1. City overview 14 6.2. 'Call a Bike' Stuttgart 14
7. Leipzig 17 7.1. City overview 17 7.2. Nextbike Leipzig 18
8. Dusseldorf 20 8.1. City overview 20 8.2. Nextbike Düsseldorf 20
9. Chemnitz 22 9.1. City overview 22 9.2. Chemnitzer Stadtfahrrad 23
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Figures
Figure 3-1: Berlin cycle network (red). Image: Senatsverwaltung für Stadtentwicklung
Berlin. 6
Figure 3-2: CaB core area Berlin. Image: DB Rent GmbH. 7
Figure 3-3: Bicycle used in Call a Bike Berlin, Munich, Karlsruhe and Stuttgart. Image:
Raue, M. (2008). CallBike, DB AG. 8
Figure 4-1: Munich cycling network. Image: Referat für Gesundheit und Umwelt,
Landeshauptstadt München. 9
Figure 4-2: CaB core area Munich. Image: DB Rent GmbH. 10
Figure 5-1: Call a Bike core area in Karlsruhe. Image: DB Rent GmbH. 13
Figure 6-1: CaB fix network. Image: DB Rent GmbH. 15
Figure 6-2: CaB fix station. Image: Götzke, J. (2007). CallABike Stuttgart 16
Figure 7-1: Leipzig cycle network. Image: Stadt Leipzig, Verkehrs- und Tiefbauamt. 17
Figure 7-2: Nextbike network Leipzig. Image: Nextbike GmbH. 18
Figure 7-3: Nextbikes. Image: Nextbike GmbH. 19
Figure 8-1: Nextbike network Düsseldorf. Image: Nextbike GmbH. 21
Figure 9-1: Chemnitz cycle network. Image: Stadt Chemnitz, Tiefbauamt, Abt.
Verkehrsplanung 22
Figure 9-2: CF network. Image: Chemnitzer Gewölbegänge e.V. 23
Figure 9-3: CF bike. Image: Chemnitzer Gewölbegänge e.V. 23
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Tables
Table 1-1: Facts and figures of Germany. 4
Table 2-1: BSS status quo 5
Table 2-2: BSS short term potential 5
Table 3-1: Facts and figures of Berlin. 6
Table 3-2: Facts and figures of Call a Bike Berlin. 8
Table 4-1: Facts and figures of Munich. 9
Table 4-2: Facts and figures of Call a bike Munich. 11
Table 5-1: Facts and figures of Karlsruhe. 12
Table 5-2: Facts and figures of Call a Bike Karlsruhe. 13
Table 6-1: Facts and figures of Stuttgart. 14
Table 6-2: Facts and figures of Call a Bike Stuttgart. 15
Table 7-1: Facts and figures of Leipzig 17
Table 7-2: Facts and figures of Nextbike Leipzig. 19
Table 8-1: Facts and figures of Düsseldorf. 20
Table 8-2: Facts and figures of Nextbike Düsseldorf. 21
Table 9-1: Facts and figures of Chemnitz. 22
Table 9-2: Facts and figures of Chemnitzer Stadtfahrrad 24
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1. Country Overview
Germany as the third largest European country is situated in central Europe. Elevation ranges from the mountains of the Alps to the shores of the North Sea and the Baltic Sea. While the north of the country is rather flat, southern parts are more elevated. Net income per captia is €18,411 per year decreasing from the south to the north and from the west to the east.
Germany has a distinctive cycling culture. Cycling has a 9% share of the modal split. 19% of the population uses bicycles (almost) daily, but 47% cycle seldom or never. In rural areas this share is only 29%.
The primarily purpose of cycling is for recreation (37%). Another 21% of the German population uses their bicycle for shopping and for work/education. 80% of households own at least one bicycle. Bike ownership is approx. 887 bicycles per 1,000 inhabitants. The national budget for cycling is approx. €93,000,000.
There are 4 major bike sharing schemes in Germany at present: Call a Bike, Nextbike, Bikey and Chemnitzer Stadtfahrrad.
Call a Bike offers the largest systems in Berlin, Munich, Frankfurt, Cologne and, since July 2009, Hamburg. Nextbike offers the scheme in around 20 cities. Bikey is a very small bike garage system with additional rental bikes available in 3 cities. Chemnitzer Stadtfahrrad is a local initiative in Chemnitz.
Population(a) Net income(a) Bicycle ownership (b)
82,259,000 inhabitants €18,411/inhabitant*year 887 bikes/1,000 inhab.
(a)2007. (b)2004
Table 1-1: Facts and figures of Germany.
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2. Market potential
Germany as a large country has more than 700 cities with more than 20,000 inhabitants. The coverage of bike sharing schemes is dense in metropolitan areas. Large cities and especially medium-sized cities are not yet widely covered by bike sharing schemes. The following table includes also the coverage with CaB ICE, a bike rental system run by DB Rent which is available at train stations. These systems are not included in the BSS data but they might offer the potential to introduce other bike sharing systems into the cities they operate in.
>500,000 >100,000 >20,000 TotalNumber of German cities per category 14 67 620 701Number of German cities with BSS per category 10 10 3 23Number of German cities with BSS per category incl. CaB ICE 12 29 15 56Coverage with BSS per category 74,00% 15,00% 0,50%Coverage with BSS per category incl CaB ICE 86,00% 43,00% 2,00%Average number of bikes per city 620 200 50 8350Average number of bikes per city incl CaB ICE 520 80 20
Table 2-1: BSS status quo
The estimation of a short term potential is mainly influenced by two factors: the difficult financial situation in cities due to a world wide crisis and a tender for BSS at national level which caught a lot of attention.
Since the willingness to investment in BSS in Germany seems to be lower than in other European countries, cities depend on government funding. The participants in a recent tender to the Ministry of Transport will therefore be the main actors in BSS development in the next two years. The tender was focussed on large cities. Thus a further development in those areas can be expected. The number of cities with BSS as well as the number of bikes in the respective cities is expected to grow. A growth rate between 22% and 110% can be assumed in the next 2 years (bike numbers). Assuming around 30 -50 customers per bike, 530,000 – 880,000 customers could be reached in the next 2 years.
>500,000 >100,000 >20,000 TotalNumber of German cities per category 14 67 620 701
Short term potential min 74% 20% 1% 27Increase of bikes 10% 682 220 55equals bikes 7065,52 2948 170,5 10184Short term potential max 100% 40% 2% 53Increase of bikes 20% 744 240 60equals bikes 10416 6432 744 17592
Table 2-2: BSS short term potential
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3. Berlin
3.1. City overview
Berlin is the capital, the largest city, and the biggest of tourist attraction in Germany. The city is flat and has a temperate climate. Net incomes are lower than the average and the unemployment rate is high.
Berlin is covered by a dense public transport network consisting of Trams, Busses, overground rail and underground rail systems. The cycle network is well developed and cycling modal share is increasing. One objective of the cycling strategy (Radverkehrsstrategie) is to increase cycling modal share to 15 %. In 2008 cycling had an estimated modal share of 13 %. A public transport strike in 2008 contributed to this goal.
Figure 3-1: Berlin cycle network (red). Image: Senatsverwaltung fürStadtentwicklung Berlin.
3,416,255 891.67 km² 16%Wind(b)
Average(a) Maximum(a) Minimum(a) Days Average
10.6°C 36.5°C -8.2°C 182 10.8 km/h
Private vehicle PT Bicycle Walking
31% 26% 13% 30% € 5,000,000
Total (c) Cycling (a) Total (c) Cycling (a) Total (c) Cycling (a)
14,511 6,894 17,250 4,720 56 14 23,645Car
ownership(a)PT fare (d) Roads(b) 30 km/h
zones(b)
Cycle
network(c)
Cycle lane
against 1 way(c)
Bike parking
spaces(c)
319 cars/ 1,000inhab.
€2.10/trip €72.00/month
5,366 km 3,800 km 1,115 km 200 km 24,000 bikes
Unemployment
rate (a)
Municipal budget
for cycling (b)
537 mm
Modal Split(b)
with at least one bike% of households
73%
7,585,027
Tourists per year(a)
PrecipitationAmount
Temperature
Population(a) Area(a)
€ 15,342
Net income
per year/inhabitant (a)
(a)2007. (b)2008. (c)2006. (d)2009.
Accidents per year Injured persons per year Dead persons per year Bike thefts per
year(b)
Table 3-1: Facts and figures of Berlin.
Berlin
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3.2. ‘Call a Bike’, Berlin
Call a Bike was introduced in Berlin in 2002. Currently 1,715 bikes are operated by DB Rent, a subsidiary of DB AG (German Railways). The city of Berlin is not involved in financing or operating the scheme. The system is financed by user fares.
CaB flex is a mobile phone based scheme. Customers register via a hotline or website. To rent a bike the user calls the individual number on the bike lock and gets a 4-digit code. After entering this code on the touch screen of the electronic lock releases the bike. To return the bike, the user locks the bike, presses return on the touch screen and receives a 4-digit code. The user calls the number on the bike again, inserts the code via phone and leaves a voice message with the bike location. Bikes can be rented and returned at every junction within the S-Bahn-circle. Usage is paid per minute (€0.08) or per day (€9). The system does not need any infrastructure such as stations or racks. The bikes used in the scheme are high-quality and are equipped with a characteristic carrier on the rear.
Most customers use Call a Bike less than once per month and in place of a journey on PT. The average customer is a full time employed male between 30-44, who owns a bike. Up to 2008 almost 50,000 customers registered for the service, while bikes where rented about 171,000 times in the year. The average rental duration is quite long - 58 minutes.
Figure 3-2: CaB core area Berlin. Image: DB Rent GmbH.
Berlin
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Figure 3-3: Bicycle used in Call a Bike Berlin, Munich, Karlsruhe and Stuttgart. Image: Raue, M. (2008). CallBike, DB AG.
Total(a) 2008 2008 Monthly
peak(b)Houly peak
working days(c)Hourly peak
weekends(c)
49.189 6.306 171,148 24,730 July 18h-20h 14h-16h
Bikes (b)
1,715 25%PT
Price adequate Price too high Daily Weekly Monthly Less frequently48% 45% 1% 6% 25% 66%
30-44 years old(b) Male(b) Car owner(b) PT card(b) Own bike(b) Full time employed(b)
58% 76% 40% 39% 90% 78%Trip purpose is
leisure(b)
85%
(a)From the start till 31.12.08. (b)2008. (c)2004. (d)Most frequent answer.(e) most and least frequent answer .(f) regular fare 8 ct per minute
Transport mode substitued(b)
42% 57%
Fare (b)(f) Usage (b)
"Awareness of BSS by bikes and
stations(b)
User profile(f)
"I use Call a Bike to be independent from
timetables and routes of the PT"(b)(d)
Registrations Rents
4% Motorized private vehicleAverage rent duration (b)
58 min
Table 3-2: Facts and figures of Call a Bike Berlin.
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4. Munich
4.1. City overview
Munich as the capital of the federal state Bavaria is the third largest city in Germany. It is situated in the north of the Bavarian Alps on the elevated plains of upper Bavaria. Munich has a continental climate with relatively high precipitation. Munich is a lively, yet contemplative city with a strong economy and a high net income per capita. It is also a very attractive tourist destination.
Munich is covered by a dense network of underground railways and suburban trains, trams and busses. The cycling network in the city is well developed and the bike modal share is about 10%
Figure 4-1: Munich cycling network. Image: Referat für Gesundheit und Umwelt, Landeshauptstadt München.
1,302,376 310,40 km² 4.4%
Average(a) Maximum(a) Minimum(a)
10.6°C 35.2°C -8.9°C
Private vehicle PT Bicycle Walking39% 22% 10% 29%
Total (a) Cycling (a) Total (a) Cycling (a)
8,178 2,527 35 7 6,080
Bike parking spaces (b)
22,000 bikes
Net income Unemployment rate (a)
Modal Split(c)
4,834,101
Tourists per year(b)
Temperature
Population(a) Area(b)
Total (a)
per year/inhabitant (a)(f)
€ 19,670Precipitation
Accidents per year Injured persons per year Dead persons per year Bike thefts per year(a)
€ 1,500,000
Municipal budget for cycling (d)
Amount
Car ownership(e)
604 cars/ 1,000inhab.
(a)2007. (b)2008. (c)2002. (d)2009. (e)2006.(f)Data for Bavaria
6,700
1,200 kmCycle network(e)
973 mm
PT fare (d)
€2.30/trip €42.00/month
Table 4-1: Facts and figures of Munich.
Munich
10
4.2. ‘Call a Bike’ Munich
Call a Bike was introduced in Munich in 2002 by the start-up company Call a Bike. Currently 1,436 bikes are operated by DB Rent, a subsidiary of DB AG (German Railways) who bought the system in 2001. The city of Munich is not involved in financing or operating the scheme. The system is financed by user fares.
CaB flex is a mobile phone based scheme. Customers register via a hotline or website. To rent a bike the user calls the individual number on the bike lock and gets a 4-digit code. After entering this code on the touch screen of the electronic lock the bike is released. To return the bike, the user locks the bike, presses return on the touch screen and receives a 4-digit code. The user calls the number on the bike again, inserts the code via the phone and leaves a voice message with the bike's location. Bikes can be rented and returned at every junction in the core area. Usage is paid per minute or per day (€0.08 or €9). The system does not need any infrastructure such as stations or racks. The bikes used in the scheme are high-quality and are equipped with a characteristic carrier on the rear.
The average customer is a full time employed male between 30-44, who an owns a bike. Up to 2008 about 42,000 customers registered for the service, while the bikes where rented about 126,000 times in the year. The average rental was 44 minutes long.
Figure 4-2: CaB core area Munich. Image: DB Rent GmbH.
Munich
11
Total(a) 2008 2008 Monthly peak(b) Houly peak working
days(c)
Hourly peak
weekends(c)
42,206 3,909 126,472 19,523 July 18h-20h 14h-16h
Bikes (b)
1,436 23% PT
Price adequate Price too high Daily Weekly Monthly Less frequently55% 39% 0% 5% 29% 63%
30-44 years
old(b)Male(b) Full time
employed(b)Car owner(b) PT card(b) Own bike(b)
56% 78% 80% 48% 42% 90%Trip purpose is
leisure(b)
90%
"I use Call a Bike to be independent from
timetables and routes of the PT"(b)(d)"Awareness of BSS by bikes and
stations(b)
RentsRegistrations
(a)From the start till 31.12.08. (b)2008. (c)2004. (d)Most frequent answer.(e) most and least frequent answer.(f) regular fare 8ct per minute
Average rent duration (b) Transport mode substitued(b)
44 min 4% MPT
Fare (b)(f) Usage (b)
User profile(f)
41% 58%
Table 4-2: Facts and figures of Call a bike Munich.
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5. Karlsruhe
5.1. City overview
Karlsruhe is a city in the south west of Germany located in the federal state of Baden Wurttemberg. The city is flat and one of the warmest cities in the country. Karlsruhe has a high net income per capita as well as a low unemployment rate.
Karlsruhe has a dense public transport network. A local specialism is that - trams can also use train lines. Karlsruhe has a radial road system with the castle at the centre. Cycling is very popular in the city. The modal share for cycling was 16% in 2002. The pedestrian zone in the inner city is not open for cyclists during shop opening hours. Karl Drais, the inventor of the bicycle came from Karlsruhe.
288,917 173.46 km² 7%Temperature Precipitation
Average Amount Private vehicle PT Bicycle Walking
10.3°C 814 mm 44% 18% 16% 22% € 1,300,000
Total (a) Cycling (b) Total (a) Cycling (b) Total (a) Cycling (b)
1,408 557 1,762 495 7 1 1,932
PT fare (d)
2.9 20 km
(a)2007. (b)2008. (c)2002. (d)2009. (e)2006.(f)Data for Baden Wurtemberg.(g) 2004.(h) 2006.(i) 2005
€ 20,196446,026
545 cars/ 1,000inhab.
Average daily trips
per person (c)€2.10/trip €44.50/month
Car ownership(b) Average distance of trips (b)
Modal Split(c)
Accidents per year Injured persons per year Dead persons per year Bike thefts per
year(i)
Municipal budget
for cycling (h)
Population(a) Area(g) Net income Unemployment
rate (b)per year/inhabitant (a)(f)Tourists per year(a)
Table 5-1: Facts and figures of Karlsruhe.
5.2. ‘Call a Bike’ Karlsruhe
Call a Bike was introduced in Karlsruhe in 2007. Currently 343 bikes are operated by DB Rent, a subsidiary of DB AG (German Railways). The city of Karlsruhe is involved in financing the scheme. The system is also financed by user fares.
CaB flex is a mobile phone based scheme. Customers register via a hotline or website. To rent a bike the user calls the individual number on the bike lock and gets a 4-digit code. After entering this code on the touch screen of the electronic lock the bikeis released. To return the bike, the user locks the bike, presses return on the touch screen and receives a 4-digit code. The user calls the number on the bike again, inserts the code via the phone and leaves a voice message with the bike location. Bikes can be rented and returned at every junction in the core area. Usage is paid per minute or per day (€0.08 or €9). The bikes used in the scheme are high-quality and are equipped with a characteristic carrier on the rear.
Karlsruhe
13
The average customer is a full time employed male between 30-44, who owns a bike. Up to 2008 about 1,900 customers registered for the service, while the bikes where rented about 20,000 times in the year. The average rental was 33 minutes long.
Figure 5-1: Call a Bike core area in Karlsruhe. Image: DB Rent GmbH.
Total(a) 2008 2008 Monthly peak(b) Telephone(b) (g) Internet(b) (g)
1,881 851 19,803 3,110 July 56% 43%
Bikes (b)
343 24% PT 4% MPT
Price adequate Price too high Daily Weekly Monthly Less 46% 47% 1% 5% 32% 59%
30-44 years old(b) Male(b) Full time Car owner(b) PT card(b) Own bike(b)
43% 77% 71% 40% 39% 88%
Trip purpose is
leisure(b)
84%
Transport mode substitued (b) Average rent duration (b)
Registrations Rents Registration
33 min
(a)From the start till 31.12.08. (b)2008. (c)2004. (d)Most frequent answer .(e) most and least frequent answer.(f) regular fare 8ct per minute.(g) CaB total
Fare (b)(f) Usage (b)
User profile(f)
44% 60%
"I use Call a Bike to be independent from
timetables and routes of the PT."(b)(d)"Awareness of BSS by bikes and
stations(b)
Table 5-2 : Facts and figures of Call a Bike Karlsruhe.
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6. Stuttgart
6.1. City overview
Stuttgart is the capital of Baden Wurttemberg and is located in the south west of Germany. The city lies in a valley. Thus the inner city is rather flat while suburbs are located on steep slopes. The climate is continental but the location causes slightly increased temperatures. Stuttgart has a high net income per capita as well as a low unemployment rate.
Stuttgart is covered by a dense PT network including light rail, busses. A special feature is the a rack railway line. Cycling is not very popular because of the hills. A cycling route planner taking geography into consideration is available for the city.
597,176 207.36 km² 6%
Average(a) Maximum(a) Minimum(a)
11.1°C 35.6°C -9.1°C
Private vehicle PT Bicycle Walking46% 22% 6% 26%
Total (a) Cycling (a) Total (a) Cycling (a) Total (a) Cycling (a)
2,486 477 3,192 432 9 1 810Car
ownership(a)PT fare (c) Roads(b) 30 km/h
zones(b)
Bike parking
spaces (c)
545 cars / 1,000 inhab.
€2.40/trip €67.60/month
1,400 km 910 km 6,000 bikes
1,397,996Temperature
€ 20,196
1,000,000 €
Cycle network(d)
Dead persons per year Bike thefts
per year(b)
Population(a) Area(g) Net income Unemployme
nt rate (b)per year/inhabitant (a)(e)Tourists per year(a)
Precipitation
Modal Split(f)
711 mm
Municipal budget for cycling (b)
Accidents per year Injured persons per year
Amount
140 km
(a)2007. (b)2008. (c)2009. (d)2006.(e)Data for Baden Wurtemberg. (f) 1998
Table 6-1: Facts and figures of Stuttgart.
6.2. ‘Call a Bike’ Stuttgart
Call a Bike was introduced in Stuttgart in 2007. Currently 525 bikes at 50 stations are operated by DB Rent, a subsidiary of DB AG (German Railways). The city of Stuttgart is involved in financing the scheme. The system is also financed by user fares.
CaB fix is a mobile phone based scheme. Customers register via a hotline or website. To rent a bike the user calls the individual number on the bike lock and gets a 4-digit code. After entering this code on the touch screen of the electronic lock the bike is released. To return the bike, the user locks the bike, presses return on the touch screen and receives a 4-digit code. The user calls the number on bike again and inserts the code via the phone. Bikes can be rented and returned at CaB fix stations. The first 30 minutes of each ride are free of charge. Usage is paid per minute or per day (€0.08/€9). The bikes used in the scheme are high-quality and are equipped with a characteristic carrier on the rear.
Stuttgart
15
Up to 2008 about 4,200 customers where registered for the service, while the bikes where rented about 60,000 times that year. The average rental was 25 minutes long.
Total(a) 2008 2008 Monthly peak(b) Phone (b) (h) Internet(b) (h)
4,211 1,978 59,520 9,638 July 56% 43%Average rent Bikes (b) Stations (g)
25 min 525 50 20% PT
Price adequate Price too high Daily Weekly Monthly Less frequently56% 37% 1% 11% 36% 49%
30-44 years old(b) Male(b) Full time employed(b) Car owner(b) PT card(b) Own bike(b)
43% 77% 71% 50% 46% 78%Trip purpose is
leisure(b)PT stations wit BSS-station (b)
86% 27
Registrations
Transport mode substitued(b)
Rents
52%
"Call a Bike is a good addition to my
own bike."(b)(d)
41%
Fare (b)(f) Usage (b)
User profile(f)
Registration
(a)From the start till 31.12.08. (b)2008. (c)2004. (d)Most frequent answer.(e) most and least frequent answer.(f) regular fare 8ct per minute (30 min free).(g) 2009.(h) CaB total
4% MPT
"Awareness of BSS by bikes
and stations(b)
Table 6-2: Facts and figures of Call a Bike Stuttgart.
Figure 6-1: CaB fix network. Image: DB Rent GmbH.
Stuttgart
16
Figure 6-2: CaB fix station. Image: Götzke, J. (2007). CallABike Stuttgart
17
7. Leipzig
7.1. City overview
Leipzig is situated in the east of Germany and it is the largest city in the federal state of Saxony. The city is mostly flat and has a temperate climate. Leipzig is an important exhibition location (Leipziger Messe). Leipzig has a low net income per capita as well as a high unemployment rate. Public transport companies offer busses, trams and overground railways. The local cycling network is average. Leipzig reached 2,2 points (54,3%) in a BYPAD audit in 2008/2009.
Figure 7-1: Leipzig cycle network. Image: Stadt Leipzig, Verkehrs- und Tiefbauamt.
510,512 297.36 km² 19%
Average(a) Maximum (b) Minimum(b)
10.5°C 27.0°C -5.0°C
Private vehicle PT Bicycle Walking49% 16% 9% 26%
Total (a) Cycling (a) Total (a) Cycling (a) Total (a) Cycling (a)
1,881 764 2,214 747 13 2 4,560
Car ownership(a) Roads(a)
409 cars/ 1,000 inhab.
1,699 km
Amount
Population(a) Area(a) Tourists per year(a) Net income Unemployment
rate (a)per year/inhabitant (e)(f)
991,420Temperature
€ 15,291Precipitation
Municipal budget for cycling (d)
1,400,000 €
Modal Split(g)
555 mm
Accidents per year Injured persons per Bike thefts per
year(b)
Dead persons per year
PT fare (b) Cycle network(a)
€2.00/trip €49.80/month 296 km
(a)2007. (b)2008. (c)2002. (d)2009. (e)2006.(f)Data for Saxony.(g) 2001
Table 7-1: Facts and figures of Leipzig
Leipzig
18
7.2. Nextbike Leipzig
The company Nextbike started their bike-sharing scheme in Leipzig in 2005. Currently 500 bikes are available for customers at 87 stations. The city is not involved in financing the system. The system is financed by user fares and advertisements on bikes.
Nextbike is a mobile phone based scheme. Customers register via a hotline or website. To rent a bike the user calls the customer service, enters the individual number of the bike and receives a 4-digit code. This code serves to open the combination lock on the bike. To return the bike, the user locks the bike and calls the customer service again. The customer has the option of changing the lock's combination so they are no longer liable for the bike.
Figure 7-2: Nextbike network Leipzig. Image: Nextbike GmbH.
Bikes can be rented and returned at Nextbike locations. Therefore the system does not need any infrastructure installations. Usage is paid per hour or per day (€1/€8). Customers of the local PT operator (Leipziger Verkehrsbetriebe) can use the bike for 1 hour for free. The bikes used for the system are inexpensive cruiser bikes. Since 2009 bikes with a low crossbar have been available.
Leipzig
19
Figure 7-3: Nextbikes. Image: Nextbike GmbH.
Rents Journey2008 Yearly
checks/bike(b)Stations (a) Bicycles (b) Duration(b)
50,000 (d) 53 87 500 300 min
Bank account Credit card Cost of bike (c)
33% 67% 300 €Life expectancy of bike (c)
3 years
Railway station
26%
(a)2009. (b)2008. (c) 2007.(d) Estimation
PT provided with bike Financing
MaintainanceAverage out of service
time/bike (b)
72 h
Infrastructure
Payment (b)
Table 7-2: Facts and figures of Nextbike Leipzig.
20
8. Düsseldorf
8.1. City overview
Düsseldorf is the capital of the federal state of North Rhine Westphalia, located in the west of Germany. The city is an economic centre, an important exhibition site and is situated in the Rhein-Rhur area, one of the most populated metropolitan areas. Düsseldorf is an important commuter site. The city is mostly flat and has a mild oceanic climate with precipitation above average. Net income per capita is high though the unemployment rate is higher than in southern Germany. Most of Düsseldorf is covered by trams and bus services. Due to a dominance of trams and narrow roads in the inner city Düsseldorf is not a cycling city in the usual sense.
581,122 217.02 km² 12%
Average(a) Maximum(a) Minimum (a)
11.5°C 35.2°C -9.2°C
Private vehicle PT Bicycle Walking40% 23% 8% 28%
Total (a) Cycling (e) Total (a) Cycling (e) Total (a) Cycling (e)
2,632 721 3,192 670 14 2 3,925
Roads(d)
1,250 km
Bike thefts per
year(g)
€ 1,700,000
(a)2007. (b)2008. (c)2002. (d)2009. (e)2006.(f) 2004.(i) 2005
Car ownership(d)
459 cars/ 1,000inhab.Cycle network(d)
300 kmPT fare (d)
€2.20/trip €57.25/month
Accidents per year Injured persons per year Dead persons per
Amount
Modal Split(a)
779 mm
Municipal budget for cycling (d)
Unemployment
rate (b)per year/inhabitant (e)1,760,554
Temperature€ 22,107
Precipitation
Population(a) Area(f) Tourists per year(a) Net income
Table 8-1: Facts and figures of Düsseldorf.
8.2. Nextbike Düsseldorf
The company Nextbike introduced their bike sharing scheme to Düsseldorf in 2008. Currently 400 bikes are available to customers at 27 stations. The city contributed €98,000 as initial funding. The system is financed by user fares and advertisements on bikes.
Nextbike is a mobile phone based scheme. Customers register via a hotline or website. To rent a bike the user calls the customer service centre, enters the individual number of the bike and receives a 4-digit code. This code serves to open the combination lock on the bike. To return the bike, the user locks the bike and calls the customer service centre again. The customer has the option of changing the combination of the lock to end their liability for the bike. Bikes can be rented and returned at Nextbike locations. Therefore the system does not need any infrastructure installations. Usage is paid per hour or per day (€1/€5). The bikes used for the system are inexpensive cruiser bikes. Since 2009 bikes with low crossbars have been available.
Düsseldorf
21
Figure 8-1: Nextbike network Düsseldorf. Image: Nextbike GmbH.
Rents
Total(a) 2008 2008 Stations (b)
3,000 3,000 8,000 27
Bank account Yearly checks/bike(c)
33% 53Journey
Railway station Metro station Duration(c) Cost of bike (d)
3 6 300 min € 300
(a)From the start 01.07.2008 till 31.12.08. (b)2009. (c)2008. (d) 2007.
98,000 € one-time municipal contribution for 400 bikes
72 h
Maintainance
City contribution
Credit card
67%
PT provided with bike station(b) FinancingLife expectancy of bike (d)
3 years
Average out of service time/bike (c)
Registrations Infrastructure
Payment (c)400
Bicycles (b)
Table 8-2: Facts and figures of Nextbike Düsseldorf.
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9. Chemnitz
9.1. City overview
Chemnitz as third largest city in the federal state Saxony and is located in the very east of Germany. The city is partly hilly; the climate is temperate, slightly continental with rather high precipitation. Chemnitz is an important economic centre in Saxony and is one of the ten cities with the highest growth GDP rates. Net income per capita is still relatively low and unemployment is rather high.
Figure 9-1: Chemnitz cycle network. Image: Stadt Chemnitz, Tiefbauamt, Abt. Verkehrsplanung
Chemnitz was mostly destroyed during the Second World War and was mostly rebuilt by the former GDR. From 1953-1990 Chemnitz had the name Karl-Marx-Stadt. Rebuilding measures in the spirit of Socialism led to today’s road network. Roads are broad and focussed on car traffic, especially in the city centre. Cycling infrastructure underdeveloped as yet. The city is covered by a network of trams and busses.
241,504 220.85 km² 16%
Average(a) Maximum(a) Minimum(a)
7.54°C 35.0°C -14.3.0°C
Private vehicle PT Bicycle Walking50% 14% 6% 30%
Total (a) Cycling (b) Total (a) Cycling (b) Total (a) Cycling (b)
1,087 267 1,411 202 9 2 530
(a)2007. (b)2008. (c)2002. (d)2009. (e)2006.(f)Data for Saxony.(g) 1992
€ 2,850,000
Accidents per year Injured persons per year
PT fare (b)
€2.00/trip €49.80/month
Bike thefts per
year(b)
Dead persons per year
Cycle network(b)
113 km
Temperature€ 15,291
Precipitation
Population(b) Area(e) Tourists per year(a) Net income
Car ownership(a)
534 cars/ 1,000inhab.
Unemployment
rate (b)per year/inhabitant (e)(f)
Amount
Modal Split(g)
738 mm
Municipal budget for cycling (b)
213,546
Table 9-1: Facts and figures of Chemnitz.
Chemnitz
23
9.2. Chemnitzer Stadtfahrrad
Chemnitzer Stadtfahrrad (CF) was introduced in 2006 by the registered association Chemnitzer Gewölbegänge e.V. Currently CF offers 130 bikes at 15 stations. The city contributes a small sum for the system. Additionally local stakeholders like car dealers, bike dealers and the employment centre are involved with contributions in kind.
Figure 9-2: CF network. Image: Chemnitzer Gewölbegänge e.V.
Figure 9-3: CF bike. Image: Chemnitzer Gewölbegänge e.V.
Chemnitz
24
The scheme is a hybrid system between traditional rental systems and bike sharing schemes. No reservation is needed to rent bikes. The customer goes to one of the hire points, has his ID-card copied and receives the bike from one of the staff. Though bikes are returned at the rental station CF does also offer a pick-up service. Rental is paid per day or per month (€1/€10).
The bikes used in the system are inexpensive city bikes with custom parts such as fenders or advertisement boards. Those parts are made in workshops that qualify people for the first labour market.
Registrations Rents PT provided with bike station(b)
Total(a) 2008 Stations (b) Bicycles (b) Railway station
463 4,523 15 130 1
Yearly checks/bike(b) Fixed garages (c) Cost of bike (b)
1 2 € 180
(a)Only for seasonal ticket(b)2009. (c)2008.
Financing
20% user fare, 80% advertisment
Maintainance
Infrastructure
Income distribution (b)
Table 9-2: Facts and figures of Chemnitzer Stadtfahrrad
