working paper CZ-AT EEG DRAFT

Institute of Thermal Engineering, TU Graz

Workgroup Sustainable Construction, BOKU Vienna

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working paper CZ-AT EEGDRAFT

Wolfgang Streicher 1), Markus Michlmair 1),Martin Treberspurg 2), Roman Grünner 2)

1) University of Technology, Graz, Austria

http://www.tugraz.at2) University of Natural Resources and Applied Life

Sciences, Vienna, Austriahttp://www.boku.ac.at

Renovation in Austria



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Content

• Statistics on the housing sector

• Current Building regulations

• Retrofit Scenarios

• Costs and Benefits of Renovations

• Best Practice Examples



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Housing and dwelling stock

• Housing and dwelling stock is about the same size in Austria and the Czech Republic.

• 4,3 Million dwellings in the Czech Republic• 3.8 million dwellings in Austria

0

1 000 000

2 000 000

3 000 000

4 000 000

5 000 000

1961 1971 1981 1991 2001

Number of houses, AustriaNumber of dwellings, AustriaNumber of houses, Czech RepublicNumber of dwellings, Czech Republic

Year



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Austrian Building Stock

number

0

500.000

1.000.000

1.500.000

2.000.000

2.500.000

3.000.000

3.500.000

4.000.000

4.500.000

building 2.046.712 1.557.420 142.351 61.196 3.488 282.257

dwelling 3.863.262 1.809.380 791.584 1.134.782 21.663 105.853

total 1 or 2

dwellings 3 to 10

dwellings11 or moredwellings

for associations

non- residential buildings

The Austrian Building Stock classified due to the main use

Bundesanstalt Statistik Österreich, STATISTIK AUSTRIA, 2006



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Energy use in the dwelling stock (AT)

Specific space heating demand (useful energy) of single and (two) dwelling buildings (SFH), multi family buildings (MFH, MFH-S: small MFH, MFH-B: large MFH) and non- residential buildings (NRB) in Austria classified by the building age [33], Origin data source: Jungmeier, et al. (1996)

Specific space heating energy demand for different house types and ages

(useful energy)

0

50

100

150

200

250

kW

h/m

²a

SFH 188 193 226 186 191 130 99

MFH-S 121 121 136 118 122 88 67

MFH-B 103 106 120 103 104 78 60

NRB 103 106 120 103 104 78 60

before 1919 1919 - 1945 1945 - 1960 1961-1970 1971 - 1980 1981 - 1990 after 1991

Im Auftrag des Bundesministeriums für Umwelt, Jugend und Familie, JUNGMEIER ET AL., 1996



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Similarities in thermal building standards

• Both Austrian and Czech Energy thermal-technical requirements for new as well as renovated buildings are being very similar due to the gradual harmonisation of technical standards according to the EU’s CEN standardization.

• Therefore new buildings are far better energy parameters than old ones

Differences in thermal building standards

• Old buildings are generally in a better condition in Austria than in the Czech Republic (CR) with a long history of panelled flats.

• low quality of materials and construction works carried out and• long-time neglected maintenance

• Building standards are on national level in Czech Republic and provincial level in Austria (harmonization is in progress)



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CO2 Emissions of the dwelling stock (AT)

Specific CO2-emissions of single and (two) dwelling buildings (SFH), multi family buildings (MFH, MFH-S: small MFH, MFH-G: large MFH) and non- residential buildings (NRB) in Austria classified by the building age

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

CO

2 E

mis

sio

ns

[kg

/m²a

]

SFH 27 39 48 43 28 22

MFH-S 29 30 34 31 23 17

MFH-G 26 27 31 27 20 15

NRB 25 0 31 28 20 15

before1919 1919 - 1945 1945 - 1960 1961 - 1980 1981 - 1990 since 1991

WIRTSCHAFTKAMMER ÖSTERREICH, Innovation & Klima, Innovative Klimastrategien für die österreichische Wirtschaft , 2006



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Current Building regulations

A Competency on national level• Legal framework for residential buildings• The Austrian strategy for sustainable development• Harmonization of building codes• Implementation of the EPBD• The Austrian government programme 2007 - 2010

B. Competency on level of provinces1. Required minimum standard of heat protection

2. Subsidies



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EPBD (European Performance of Buildings Directive of the

European Commission, in force: probably Jan. 2008?)

• Austria has a harmonized calculation scheme for all provinces. • This has been extended in 2004 by the energy efficiency of a heat

source and a heating system. It will meet the full EPBD in the end of 2007.

• No work according the EPBD has been carried out in the Czech Republic so far.



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A3 Harmonization of building codes - AT

structural part

U-value [W/m²K]

walls against external air 0,35

dividing walls between dwellings or operating units 0,90

walls against unheated rooms (frost-protected) 0,60

walls against unheated or not used attics 0,35

walls against other buildings adjacent to site 0,50

walls against soil 0,40

windows, doors, etc. against unheated rooms 2,50

windows in residential buildings against external air 1,40

other windows, etc. against external air 1,70

skylight windows against external air 1,70

other transparent parts (horizontal and sloping surfaces) 2,00

ceilings against external air, not insulated attics 0,20

roof pitches against external air 0,20

internal ceilings against unheat buildings parts 0,40

internal ceilings against seperated dwellings 0,90

Future general requirements on heat transmission of structural parts according to directive 6 of the harmonised body of rule

OIB, Erläuternde Bemerkungen zu OIB-Richtlinie 6 „Energieeinsparung und Wärmeschutz“ und zum OIB-Leitfaden „Energietechnisches Verhalten von Gebäuden, 2007



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A4 Implementation of the EPBD

Example of an Austrian energy certificate for a residential building

OIB, Leitfaden - Energietechnisches Verhalten von Gebäuden, Österreichisches Institut für Bautechnik, 2007



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A4 Benchmarks for renovations

upper limits for energy demand for renovations (residential buildings)

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1 1,1 1,2

1/lc [1/m]

he

atin

g d

em

an

d

[kW

h/m

²a]

until year 2009

from year 2010




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A4 Benchmarks for renovations

upper limits for energy demand for renovations (non-residential buildings)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1 1,1 1,2

1/lc [1/m]

dem

and

for

heat

ing

and

cool

ing

[kW

h/m

³a]

until year 2009

from year 2010

per volume




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A5 The Austrian government programme 2007 - 2010

Measures of the Austrian government programme concerning buildings

● National programme for energy efficiency

●Enhancement of the energy intensity by at least 5 % until 2010(at least 20 % until 2020)

● Energy check for all Austrian households until 2010

●Increase of the renovation rate in the building sector, the objective is the thermal renovation of all buildings of the postwar period (1950-1980) until 2020

●In the new building sector the government enforces the low energy and passive house standard together with the federal states

● A "Klima:aktiv standard"1) is aspired for 50 % of all new buildings

●From 2015 on subsidies for new buildings shall only be granted for buildings that fulfil the

“Klima:aktiv passive house standard”1)

● Development and use of energy efficient devices and solutions (stand-by)

●Extension of combined heat and power plants as an efficient method for producing electricity and heat

ÖSTERREICHISCHES NORMUNGSINSTITUT, ÖNORM H 5056, 2007



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B2 Subsidy schemes

• New buildings and renovations are subsidized in Austria

• In several Austrian provinces also the use of renewable energy carriers is subsidized

• Amount of support provided • Austria: 2.5 billion €• CR several tens of millions €



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B2 Subsidies in the Austrian Provinces

Share of spended money for financial subsidy for renovations and new buildings in Austria over the years 1996-2004

Subsidies for renovation and new buildings

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Bgld. Car. LowerA.

UpperA.

Sbg. Styria Tyrol Vlbg. Vienna Austria

pe

rce

nt

renovation

new building

BUNDESMINISTERIUM FÜR FINANZEN, Daten aus den Jahresberichten der Länder seit 1989



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0

100.000

200.000

300.000

400.000

500.000

600.000

700.000

800.000

01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14

Non-residential buildings

3-4 dwellings

1-2 dwellings

01… Installation of lifts02… Renew of roof03… Renewingof windows in most of the building04… Connection to fresh water network 05… Connection to gas network 06… Connection to waste water network 07… Connection to district heating system 08… I nstallation of a central heating system i the whole building 09... I nstallation of "alternative" heat delivery systems 10... Renovation of facade without insulation 11... Renovation of facade with insulation 12... Other heat demand reduction measures 13... I nstallation of water and sanitary equipment 14... I nstallation of decentralized waste water treatment plant

Heat demand reduction measures

Change of energy carrier

Retrofit ScenariosCurrent renovation activities

01…Installation of lifts02…Renovation of roof covering03…Renovation of windows in most of the building04…Connection to fresh water network 05…Connection to gas network

06…Connection to waste water network 07…Connection to district heating system 08…Installation of a central heating system in the whole building 09...Installation of "alternative" heat delivery systems 10...Renovation of facade without insulation

11...Renovation of facade with insulation 12...Other heat demand reduction measures 13...Installation of water and sanitary equipment 14...Installation of decentralized waste water treatment plant

STATISTIK AUSTRIA, Gebäude- und Wohnungszählung, 2004



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Retrofit ScenariosImportance of the thermal renovation rate

Illustration of the potential for reduction of CO2-emissions due of single family buildings (SFH) and multi family buildings (MFH) to a raise of the renovation rate and change of heating energy source to renewable energy (20% change from oil to biomass/solar energy) for one- and multi-family dwellings

WIR

TS

CH

AF

TK

AM

ME

R Ö

ST

ER

RE

ICH

, Inn

ovat

ion

& K

lim

a, 2

006



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Retrofit ScenariosImportance of the thermal renovation rate

Trend scenario of thermal renovation and fuel switch of all Austrian dwellings

WIRTSCHAFTKAMMER ÖSTERREICH, Innovation & Klima, 2006



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Retrofit ScenariosIdeas for renovations

1. Comfort & Cash

2. National State & Buildings• rent law (MRG)• co-operative housing law (WGG)• condominium law (WEG)

3. Provinces & Buildings• Reduction of subsidies for detached houses• Reduction of subsidies for solely maintenance works

4. Business & Buildings



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1. Comfort & Cash

The idea of this measure is to install an image-campaign to increase comfort of living and decrease CO2-emissions. This aim should be realised by following actions:

- raising of the rate of thermal retrofitting- replacement of existing buildings which cannot be renovated

usefully- raising of the renovation rate of systems for building services- increased use of renewable energy sources



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2. National State & Buildings

- rent law (MRG)- co-operative housing law (WGG)- condominium law (WEG)



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3. Provinces & Buildings

- Reduction of subsidies for detached houses- Reduction of subsidies for solely maintenance works



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4. Business & Buildings

Experiences of Austrian real estate companies (BIG, LIG) show that thermal renovations can be done in combination with long-lasting contracting-agreements.

The duration of those contracts is at maximum ten years which implies problems:

- Such a short duration provides a return of investment for renovation of the

systems for building services but not for a heat insulation of the building.

- Longer runtimes are not practicable due to the fact that no private firms are able to

provide durations for more than ten years.



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Costs and benefit of renovations

0 0,02 0,04 0,06 0,08 0,1 0,12 0,14

solar thermal

heat recovery

windows

thermal bridges

base

roof

walls

€/kWh

prime costs of 1 kWh (oil/gas)

costs of measures: € per saved kWh

analysis of five expert's reports for

renovation with elements on

Passivhaus-standard

payback periods: construction measures 40 years, w indow s 30 years, ventilation system 25 years, solar thermal system 20 years

Analysis of five expert’s reports for renovations with elements on Passivhaus-standard; costs of measures

SCHULZE DARUP, B, Gebäude- und Wohnungszählung, Hauptergebnisse Österreich, 2004



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Sample projects

Best practice retrofitting example

- single family house - multi family house



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Best Practice Example – EFH Pettenbach

project description single family houselocation Pettenbach / Upper Austriawhat is sensationell reduction of CO2 emissions by 93 %

key words passive house standard

motivations high quality of living, energy demandsubsidised by “building of tomorrow” programoccupants one family (4 persons)team coordination Ing. Günter Lang, LANG consulting

envelope (opaque) prefabricated timber wall constructioncellulose insulationvacuum insulation of ground floor

U value [W/m²K] walls: 0,10 / roof: 0,09 / ground fl.: 0,13Uw value [W/m²K] glazing: 0,60 , window: 0,77 ventilation system ventilation system with heat recovery space heating provided via ventilation systemdomestic water heating provided by ventilation compact unitsolar thermal noPV 2.4 kWp facade integrated PV panels

heating demand (b/a) 280 kWh/m²a / 14,6 kWh/m²a status: finishedmeasurement nowebsite http://www.hausderzukunft.at/results.html/id3955

BUILDING OF TOMORROW – PROJECT DESCRIBTION, The very first reconstruction in Austria of a one-unit house to passive house standardhttp://www.hausderzukunft.at/results.html/id3955



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Best Practice Example – MFH Makartstraße

project description multi family houselocation Linz / Upper Austriawhat is sensationell reduction of heating costs by 88 %key words close to passive house standard

motivations heating costs, indoor air qualitysubsidised by “building of tomorrow” program occupants 50 flatsteam coordination Bmst. Ing. Alfred Willensdorfer

envelope (opaque) reinforced insulationprefabricated solar façadeenlargement of existing balconies

U value [W/m²K] walls: 0,16 / roof: 0,09 / ground fl.: 0,20Uw value [W/m²K] window: 0,86 ventilation system single room ventilation unitsspace heating ventilation system and radiatorsdomestic water heating water heaters by district heating solar thermal noPV no

heating demand (b/a) 150 kWh/m²a / 20 kWh/m²astatus: finishedmeasurement projectedwebsite http://www.hausderzukunft.at/results.html/id3951

BUILDING OF TOMORROW – PROJECT DESCRIBTION, PASSIVe house renovation, Makartstrasse, Linzhttp://www.hausderzukunft.at/results.html/id3951



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Best Practice Example – Concepts for panel-block buildings

project description simulation for a panel-block building

location Brno Novy Liskovec, Object Obla 14 / Czech Republic,

key words low energy standard

motivation heating costs, model example

subsidised BMLFUW

heating demand (b/a) 100 kWh/m2a / 40 kWh/m2a

architects Arch. Dipl.-Ing. Dr. Adil Lari, ViennaArch. Prof. Dipl.-Ing. Georg W. Reinberg, ViennaArch. Dipl.-Ing. Dr. Martin Treberspurg, ViennaAtelier Zlamal + Stolek, Brno



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Future Joint Projects

• Joint effort for the implementation of the EPBD (Austria can help the Czech Republic in introducing and adapting its calculation scheme

• Cooperation in new housing construction (cheap low energy buildings)

• Helping the Czech republic to establish a research program similar to the Austrian “Building of Tomorrow” program.

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working paper CZ-AT EEG DRAFT

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