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Workplace Health and SafetyWorkplace Health and Safety
• Health• Safety • Security
Learning ObjectivesLearning ObjectivesThis unit should assist you in the following ways:
1. Define health, safety, and security and the young workers program.
2. Identify the basic provisions of occupational health and safety legislation, recordkeeping, and inspection requirements.
3. Discuss the issues surrounding hazard control including WHMIS.
4. Explain workplace violence as a security issue and describe some components of an effective security program.
5. Discuss the activities that make up effective safety management.
6. Describe three workplace health issues and how employers are responding to them.
Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives
6. Describe three workplace health issues and how employers are responding to them.
Health, Safety, and SecurityHealth, Safety, and Security
• Health– A general state of physical, mental, and emotional
well-being.• Safety
– A condition in which the physical well-being of people is protected.
• Security– The protection of employees and organizational
facilities.
Typical Division of HR Responsibilities:Typical Division of HR Responsibilities:Health, Safety, and SecurityHealth, Safety, and Security
Occupational Safety and Health Occupational Safety and Health LegislationLegislation
• Occupational Health and Safety Act
– All employees have three fundamental rights
• Right to know
• Right to participate
• Right to refuse work
• Duty of Employers, Owners and Contractors
– Due diligence: Employers shall take all reasonable precautions under the particular circumstances to prevent injuries or accidents in the workplace.
Occupational Health and Safety Occupational Health and Safety LegislationLegislation
• Duties of Supervisors
– Advising workers of possible hazards
– Providing training and written instruction
– Ensuring worker compliance with OH&S Act and use or wearing of safety equipment, devices or clothing
– Imposing discipline for continuous safety infractions when necessary
• Duties of Workers
– Compliance with the OH&S Act and regulations. Use safety equipment and clothes properly, follow all safety procedures, report hazards and accidents, etc.
Occupational Health and Safety Occupational Health and Safety LegislationLegislation
• Duties of Joint Health and Safety Committee– Required in nine jurisdictions in Canada– Role is to provide a neutral environment where labour
and management can work together to create a safe and healthy workplace
– Require equal employee/employer representation– Required to meet regularly to deal with worker health
and safety concerns, identify risks, perform routine workplace inspections and resolve work refusals
Proportion of all Occupational Injuries by Proportion of all Occupational Injuries by Province, Territory 2000Province, Territory 2000
Compensation Rates and Methods
Compensation Rates and Methods
Social GoalsSocial GoalsFirst Aid Requirements
AndReporting to WCB
First Aid Requirements And
Reporting to WCB
Controlling CostsControlling Costs
Workers’ Workers’ CompensationCompensation
Workers’ Workers’ CompensationCompensation
Workers’ CompensationWorkers’ CompensationWorkers’ CompensationWorkers’ Compensation
Proportion of Fatal Injuries by Industry Proportion of Fatal Injuries by Industry Sectors Under Federal Jurisdiction in Sectors Under Federal Jurisdiction in
Canada from 1998 to 2002Canada from 1998 to 2002 Fig. 13-5Fig. 13-5
Occupational Health and Safety Occupational Health and Safety Legislation Legislation
• Workplace Inspections– No warrant/notice required– Thorough examination of the physical condition of the workplace
by the inspector, usually accompanied by both employer and worker representatives
• Child Labour and Health and Safety– Concern for health and safety of young workers is real
• Penalties for Violation of OH&S Law– Federally, person fines range between $100,000 to $1,000,000
and/or two years’ jail term on indictment– Corporation fine > $500,000 – Bill C-45 will increase incidents of jail time
Hazard ControlHazard Control
• Safety Hazards– Any force strong enough to cause injury in an
accident. An injury caused by a safety hazard is usually obvious.
• Occupational Health Hazard – Any material or condition that may cause occupational
injuries and/or illness. Includes chemicals (addressed by WHMIS training), physical agents, ergonomic hazards, and other stress agents.
Occupational Health HazardsOccupational Health Hazards
Eliminate hazards
Control the hazard
Protect workers from the hazard
Workplace Hazardous Materials Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System (WHMIS)Information System (WHMIS)
LABELS
MATERIAL AFETY DATA SHEETS (MSDS)
TRAINING
Hazard ControlHazard Control
Lockout/tagoutLockout/tagoutLockout/tagoutLockout/tagout
Personal Protective Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)Equipment (PPE)
Personal Protective Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)Equipment (PPE)
ErgonomicsErgonomicsErgonomicsErgonomics
Requirement that locks and tags be used to Requirement that locks and tags be used to make equipment inoperative for repair or make equipment inoperative for repair or adjustment.adjustment.
Requirement that locks and tags be used to Requirement that locks and tags be used to make equipment inoperative for repair or make equipment inoperative for repair or adjustment.adjustment.
Study and design of the work environment Study and design of the work environment to address physiological and physical to address physiological and physical demands on individuals.demands on individuals.
Study and design of the work environment Study and design of the work environment to address physiological and physical to address physiological and physical demands on individuals.demands on individuals.
Clothing or equipment worn to minimize a Clothing or equipment worn to minimize a hazard.hazard.
Clothing or equipment worn to minimize a Clothing or equipment worn to minimize a hazard.hazard.
Cumulative Stress Cumulative Stress Disorders (CTDs)Disorders (CTDs)
Cumulative Stress Cumulative Stress Disorders (CTDs)Disorders (CTDs)
Protection from muscle and skeletal Protection from muscle and skeletal injuries from repetitive tasks.injuries from repetitive tasks.
Protection from muscle and skeletal Protection from muscle and skeletal injuries from repetitive tasks.injuries from repetitive tasks.
SecuritySecurity
• Top Security Concerns at Work:
– Workplace violence
– Internet/intranet security
– Business interruption/disaster recovery
– Fraud/white collar crime
– Employee selection/screening concerns
Security Concerns at WorkSecurity Concerns at Work
DomesticDomesticCausesCauses
DomesticDomesticCausesCauses
Management Management ResponsesResponses
Management Management ResponsesResponses
WorkplaceWorkplaceViolenceViolenceIssuesIssues
WorkplaceWorkplaceViolenceViolenceIssuesIssues
Training in Detection Training in Detection and Preventionand Prevention
Training in Detection Training in Detection and Preventionand Prevention
Profile of a Potentially Violent EmployeeProfile of a Potentially Violent Employee
Security ManagementSecurity Management
SecuritySecurityAuditAudit
SecuritySecurityAuditAudit
Controlled Controlled Access Access
Controlled Controlled Access Access
ComputerComputerSecuritySecurity
ComputerComputerSecuritySecurity
WorkplaceWorkplaceSecuritySecurity
WorkplaceWorkplaceSecuritySecurity
Safety ManagementSafety Management
Inspection, Investigation and
Evaluation
Inspection, Investigation and
Evaluation
Safety Policies, Discipline,
Record Keeping
Safety Policies, Discipline,
Record Keeping
Participation (Safety
Committees)
Participation (Safety
Committees)
Trainingand
Communication
Trainingand
Communication
OrganizationalOrganizationalCommitment and Commitment and a Safety Culturea Safety Culture
OrganizationalOrganizationalCommitment and Commitment and a Safety Culturea Safety Culture
Approaches to Effective Safety Management
Accident Investigations at WorkAccident Investigations at Work
Employee Health and WellnessEmployee Health and Wellness
StressStressStressStress
Emotional/Emotional/Mental HealthMental Health
Emotional/Emotional/Mental HealthMental Health
Job StressorsJob StressorsJob StressorsJob Stressors
Reactions to Reactions to StressStress
Reactions to Reactions to StressStress
WorkplaceWorkplaceHealth Health IssuesIssues
WorkplaceWorkplaceHealth Health IssuesIssues
Selye’s General Adaptation SyndromeSelye’s General Adaptation Syndrome
Source: Adapted from Hans Selye, The Stress of Life, McGraw-Hill, 1976. Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Reprinted by permission.
Substance AbuseSubstance Abuse
• Substance abuse– Use of illicit substances or misuse of
controlled substances, alcohol, or other drugs
• Substance Abuse, Testing and Legislation– “strong reasonable cause”– safety sensitive positions– “accommodate the needs”
Common Signs of Substance AbuseCommon Signs of Substance Abuse
Direct and Indirect Costs as a Direct and Indirect Costs as a Result of StressResult of Stress
Employee Health and WellnessEmployee Health and Wellness
• Stress Management– Encompasses techniques to equip a person
with effective coping mechanisms for dealing with psychological stress.
• Workplace Air Quality– “Sealed” buildings, reduced airflow,
inadequate ventilation, airborne contamination, presence of chemicals and substances.
Employee Health and WellnessEmployee Health and Wellness
• Health Promotion– A supportive approach of facilitating and encouraging
healthy actions and lifestyles among employees.• Wellness Programs
– Programs designed to maintain or improve employee health before problems arise.
• Employee Assistance Program (EAP)– Program that provides counseling and other help to
employees having emotional, physical, or other personal problems.
Health Promotion LevelsHealth Promotion Levels