RASHI CHUGH

STUDIO 3B

SSAA,GURGAON

WORKS OF MIES VAN DER ROHE

“LESS IS MORE”

MIES VAN DER ROHE•BIRTH- March 27, 1886Aachen, Kingdom of Prussia , German Empire

•DIED- August 19, 1969 (aged 83)Chicago, Illinois, U.S.

•Began CAREER with father(stonemason)• Director of Berlin's Bauhaus•German-American architect (5)•Leader of Modern Architecture

“GOD LIES IN DETAILS”

Fig1:MIES VAN DER ROHERef:http://vincentloy.wordpress.com/2012/03/27/todays-google-doodle-dedicated-to-mies-van-der-rohe-the-father-of-modern-architecture/

1930Mies assumes directorship of the Bauhaus

1937Mies meets Frank Lloyd Wright at Taliesin

1938Mies emigrates to the United States

1969Mies dies in Chicago, Illinois

1886Mies van der Rohe is Born

1905Mies Moves to Berlin

1908Mies joins the staff at Peter Behrens' atelier

1926Mies and Le Corbusier meet in Stuttgart, Germany

HIS WORKS:-1907 1917

First buildingRIEHL HOUSE

URBIG HOUSE

FRIEDRICHSTRASSE OFFICE BUILDING

1921 1927

AFRIKANISC-HESTRASSE APARTMENTS

1929

BARCELONA PAVILION

LANGE AND ESTERS HOUSES

1930

TUGENDHAT HOUSE

1930

LEMKE HOUSE

1932

VERSEIDAG FACTORY

1935

MINERALS AND METALS BUILDING

1943

ALUMNI HALL

1946

1946

WISHNICK HALL

1947

PERLSTEIN HALL

1949

THE PROMONTORY APARTMENTS

1951

FARNSWORTH HOUSE

860-880 LAKE SHORE APARTMENTS

1951

50 X 50 HOUSE

19521952

ROBERT F. CARR MEMORIAL CHAPEL OF ST. SAVIOR

1952

MCCORMICK HOUSE

ESPLANADE APARTMENT BUILDINGS

1956

S.R. CROWN HALL

1956

ILLINOIS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY MASTER PLAN

1958

THE SEAGRAM BUILDING

AMERICAN FEDERAL BUILDING

2400 LAKEVIEW

CHICAGO FEDERAL CENTER

SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SERVICE ADMINISTRATION

LAFAYETTE PARK

1958 1962 1963 1964 1965 1965

MELLON HALL OF SCIENCE

NEUE NATIONAL GALERIE

19681965

FEW OF HIS WORKS:-•Barcelona Pavilion-1929•Tugendhat House - 1930•Farnsworth House-1951•860-880 Lake Shore Drive-1951•Seagram Building-1958

BARCELONA PAVILION-1929

Fig 2:PLANRef: http://studio-dubois.nl/index.php?/analysis/analysis/.

Swimming pool

Toilets

Hall

•Mies built the German (or Barcelona) Pavilion for the Barcelona International Exposition of 1929. (3)•It housed the ceremonial reception space for German industrial exhibits commissioned by the German government.(2)

Fig2: Rhythms of a Russian Dance,  Theo van Doesburg, 1917; Oil on canvas

Ref:] http://acflowers.blogspot.in/2013/04/open-floor-plan-system.html.

VAN DOESBURG ‘S CANVAS

MIES VAN DER ROHE’S PAVILION

•closed center  open center

•forces compressive resulting in a constricted center more full of solid objects than empty space.

 horizontal elongation and parallel-wall diagonality are intensified, are expansive. (4)

SIMILARITY•Both have similarity with respect to an aesthetic of rhythmic S, M, L, and XL linear elements that dance across their elongated, fundamentally rectangular fields.(4)

DIFFERENCE

•Defined circulation loop•Fluent spatial arrangements•Open floor plan(1)

fig 3:CIRCULATION PLANRef: http://studio-dubois.nl/index.php?/analysis/analysis/.

•“Though temporary , the pavilion was still made of permanent materials – steel , glass , marble and travertine. •The roof supported by eight cruciform steel column which are cladded with chrome finish.”(1)

STEEL

GLASS

MARBLE

Fig5:THE BARCELONA CHAIR AND UNIQUE WALL MATERIALSRef:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barcelona_Pavilion

TRAVERTINETILES

BARCELONA CHAIR

Fig4:EXTERIOR VIEWRef:http://digitalstudio.gre.ac.uk/downloads/hoa/Walter%20Gropius%20-%20Mies%20van%20der%20Rohe.ppt

“KEYPOINTS IN THE DESIGN•Diagonal view axis •Spatial arrangement •Different types of enclosures”(1)

Fig5a:CONSTRUCTIONRef:http://fantasticjournal.blogspot.in/2010_10_14_archive.html

Fig5b:COLUMN CONSTRUCTIONRef:http://www.aadip9.net/jasem/barcelona-pavilion.gif

CONSTRUCTION DETAILS

GOD LIES IN DETAILS

TUGENDHAT HOUSE-1929

Fig6:FLOOR PLANSRef: architectural review magazine.

•Mies built villa tugendhat , brno, Czechoslovakia (1928 to 1930) for Fritz Tugendhat and his wife Greta

FEATURES:-•Partion walls and furniture defined function of the room.•One consecutive space with series of rooms.

MATERIALS USED

•REINFORCED CONCRETE•STEEL-Columns•GLASS-walls•ONYX-partion wall•TRAVERTINE-staircase

•The villa can be entered from the street level .

•The villa is placed on a sloping site which has view to south over the city.(8)

Fig8:INTERIOR VIEWRef: architectural review magazine.

Fig7:ISTAIRCASE CONNECTING ALL FLOORSRef: architectural review magazine.

Fig9:EXTERIOR VIEWRef: architectural review magazine.

THE BRNO CHAIR•Cantilevered chair•Designed for the dinning area•Steel frame in single piece•Bent into c shape•Two versions :Tubular steelRound steel•Finish is of stainless steel

Fig11:BRNO CHAIRRef:whc.unesco.org/en/list/1052/

Fig10:BRNO CHAIRRef: http://www.miessociety.org/legacy/projects/brno-chair/

CONSTRUCTION COST•cost of building the villa was very high due to unusual construction method, luxurious materials, and the use of modern technology for heating and ventilation•ultra-modern air-conditioning system was located here •glass facade that opens completely assisted by a mechanism built into the wall

•Also known as the Barcelona Table, the X Table made its first appearance in the Tugendhat House.•Made of steel and glass

Fig 12:X TABLE Ref: http://www.miessociety.org/legacy/projects/x-table/

•Seeking to make a comfortable lounge chair that maintained the restraint of his minimalist aesthetic, mies arrived at the tugendhat. •Here, the cushions of the barcelona meet the cantilever frame of the MR, arriving at an elegant solution to the overstuffed club chair.

Fig 13: TUGENDHAT-CHAIRRef: http://www.miessociety.org/legacy/projects/ tugendhat-chair /

FARNSWORTH HOUSE-1946-1951

•It looks like two parallel planes held in suspension between the earth and sky by only eight steel columns—seems simple, but mies worked through 167 drawings to come to his final, fearless design.(8)

Fig14:PLANRef:http://canoedesign.blogspot.in/2013/09/farnsworth-house.html

•Designed for Edith Farnsworth, a brilliant doctor.

•small weekend retreat.

•On the banks of the Fox River.

• Three distinct spatial interfaces:  a transparent house, a covered terrace, and an open deck(8)

Fig 15:VIEW FROM OUTSIDERef: http://www.miessociety.org/legacy/projects/

• shading and privacy through the trees around.• Mies explained this concept in an interview about the glass pavilion stating, “Nature, too, shall live its own life. We must beware not to disrupt it with the color of our houses and interior fittings. Yet we should attempt to bring nature, houses, and human beings together into a higher unity.” (10) 

Fig 16:VIEW FROM OUTSIDERef: http://www.archdaily.com/59719/

•The brilliance in its artistic design became the inspiration for other works, such as philip johnson’s glass house.

•House had to be as light as possible on the land so he raised the house 5 feet 3 inches off the ground.

Fig17:ELEVATED PLATFORMRef: http://canoedesign.blogspot.in/2013/09/farnsworth-house.html

Fig19:BEDROOM AREARef: http://canoedesign.blogspot.in/2013/09/farnsworth-house.html

Fig18:BATHROOMRef: http://www.archdaily.com/59719/

•Aside from walls in the center of the house enclosing bathrooms, the floor plan is completely open exploiting true minimalism. 

•A space through which life unfolds both independently and interdependently with nature.

Fig19a:COLUMN BEAM DETAILSRef:http://www.ab.deakin.edu.au/online/vgallery/2005/srt251/berkley_a/Website/Images/photocopy4.jpg

Fig19b:FLOOR DETAILSRef: http://adm.bibliocad.com/library/farnworth-house_5875

CONSTRUCTION DETAILS

860-880 Lake Shore Drive-1949-1951•Chicago, IL, USA

•Two iconic skyscrapers on the chicago skyline that redefined high rise living for the post-war generation.

•A beautiful waterfront view of 26 story tower,288 apartments .

•At the pedestrian level, the open plan creates a flow of natural greenSpace amid the plaza.

•Mies approached the triangular site by arranging the two apartment buildings at cross axis towards one another.(10)fig20:SITE PLAN

Ref:http://www.earchitect.co.uk/images/jpgs/chicago/lake_shore_drive_apartments_k030310.jpg

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On the entrance level, a horizontal roof is the sole connector between the two high-rise apartments towers and does not have any function other than to “mark the spirituality of this specific place.”(10)

Fig21:ENTRANCERef:http://www.archdaily.com/59487/

COMMON MATERIALS WERE USED:•Steel-I beams were welded to mullions for aesthetics(according to people)

•Glass-used in windows(façade).(10)Fig22:I BEAM DETAILRef:http://kubuildingtech.org/sarcweb/Assemblages00/CaseFinals/STANTZ_860-880LAKESHOREDR/Outside%20I%20beam12.jpg

Fig 24:FRAMEWORK OF APARTMENTSRef:http://featuresblogs.chicagotribune.com/theskyline/2011/08/a-special-tour-of-mies-van-der-rohes-860-880-north-lake-shore-drive.html

•Renowned for their structural clarity and composition.

•Prior to this point, structure was hidden within architecture.

•Here, mies merged the two by exposing the steel, realizing his own words: "when technology reaches it true fulfillment, it transcends into architecture.“ (8)

•Chicago Landmarks in 1996

•Lake Point Tower (1968), by Shipporeit & Heinrich inspired by Mies' glass tower(unbuilt) of 1922. (10)

Fig23:ARIEL VIEWRef:http://info.aia.org/aiarchitect/thisweek08/0307/0307b_lakeshore.cfm

SEAGRAM BUILDING-1958

•39-story

•516-foot tall office

•Noted for •windows• public plaza that features a monumental sculpture by Alexander Calde (8)

ARCHITECTS: Mies van der Rohe + Philip Johnson

LOCATION: 375 Park Avenue, New York  ,USA

COMMISSIONERS: Seagram Liquor Company(10)

Fig 25:SEAGRAM BUILDING PLANRef : http://www.archdaily.com

•The building became a monumental continuity of bronze and dark glass

•Mies’ response to the city with the seagram building was the grand gesture of setting back the building 100 feet from the street edge, which created a highly active open plaza.

•Large granite surface of the plaza(10)

Fig 26:SEAGRAM BUILDING ELEVATIONRef : http://www.archdaily.com

Fig27:PUBLIC PLAZARef:http://www.flickriver.com/photos/dandc/tags/seagrambuilding/

•These floors also get maximum natural lighting with the exterior being glass panes of gray topaz that were used for sun and heat protection.

•Use of modern materials and setback from the city grid, became a prototype for future office buildings.(10)

Fig 28:SEAGRAM BUILDING ELEVATIONRef : http://www.archdaily.com

Fig 29:SEAGRAM BUILDING ELEVATIONRef:http://en.wikiarquitectura.com/index.php/File:Seagram_Detalle_Ventanas.jpg

Fig30:FOUNTAINS IN PLAZARef:http://www.stylepark.com/en/news/no-no-no-no-nobr-the-book-to-go-with-the-seagram-building/342945

•The plaza attracts users with its two large fountains surrounded by generous outdoor seating.

•Additional vertical elements were also welded to the window panels not only to stiffen the skin for installation and wind loading, but to aesthetically further enhance the vertical articulation of the building.(10)

Fig31:STRUCTURERef : http://parkinglotslol.blogspot.in/2011/02/god-of-materials-and-details-in.html

Fig32:COLUMN BEAM DETAILRef :http://www.jmhdezhdez.com/2011/05/seagram-building-mies-new-york.html

CONSTRUCTION DETAILS

Fig32:FAÇADE DETAILRef:http://www.copper.org/applications/architecture/arch_dhb/arch-details/wall_cladding/curtainwall.html

1. [Online] http://studio-dubois.nl/index.php?/analysis/analysis/.2. [Online] http://ku-architecturestudiovi-2012.blogspot.in/2012/07/surprise-

1.html. 3. Trachtenberg, Marvin. Architecture from prehistory to post modernism/the

western tradition. Britain : academy edition 7 holland street, london w8, 1986.

4.[Online]http://www.thearchitectpainter.com/MadisonGray/deep_SIGHT/

reviews/emptyFULL.htm.5. D.K.Ching, Francis. A Global History of Architecture. s.l. : John Wiley

&Sons,Inc., 2007.6. architectural review magazine. 7.[Online]whc.unesco.org/en/list/1052/8. [Online]http://www.miessociety.org/legacy/projects/9. mies van der rohe. london : teNeues, 2002. isbn-3-8238-5581-6.10. [Online] http://www.archdaily.com

BIBLOGRAPHY