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Workshop 2 – Integrated development in cities, rural and specific regions
TiPSE – Territorial Dimensions of Poverty and Social Exclusion
Petri Kahila
ESPON Internal Seminar 2013
“Territorial Evidence for Cohesion Policy 2014-2020and Territorial Agenda 2020”
• Generally we may recognise a urban-rural divide in the risk for social exclusion and poverty NMS: poverty and social exclusion higher in rural areas EU-15: poverty and social exclusion higher in urban areas
• Rurality as such does not indicate poverty or social exclusion Other risk factors such as poor accessibility, sparse population,
structural problems may lead to development problems
• We should not get entrapped in urban and rural framing
Regions for inclusive development
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Developments on national level
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Acores
Guyane
Madeira
Réunion
Canarias
MartiniqueGuadeloupe
Zagreb
Valletta
Budapest
Bratislava
Roma
Riga
Oslo
Bern
Wien
Kyiv
Vaduz
Paris
Praha
Minsk
Tounis
Lisboa
Athina
Skopje Ankara
MadridTirana
Sofiya
London
Berlin
Dublin
Tallinn
Nicosia
Beograd
Vilnius
Kishinev
Sarajevo
Helsinki
Warszawa
Podgorica
El-Jazair
Stockholm
Reykjavik
København
Bucuresti
Amsterdam
Luxembourg
Bruxelles/Brussel
Ljubljana
Change in At-Risk-of-Poverty Rate
>-0.25
-0.25 - 0.25
>0.25
# NUTS 2 Increasing
# NUTS 2 Decreasing
Background shading: comparison of the (national) average ARoP rates during 2005-07 and 2009-11.
Pies: Where NUTS 2 data exists for both periods the pies show the number of regions increasing (red) and decreasing (blue).
Patterns of Poverty across Europe (2011)
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Acores
Guyane
Madeira
Réunion
Canarias
MartiniqueGuadeloupe
Zagreb
Valletta
Budapest
Bratislava
Roma
Riga
Oslo
Bern
Wien
Kyiv
Vaduz
Paris
Praha
Minsk
Tounis
Lisboa
Athina
Skopje Ankara
MadridTirana
Sofiya
London
Berlin
Dublin
Tallinn
Nicosia
Beograd
Vilnius
Kishinev
Sarajevo
Helsinki
Warszawa
Podgorica
El-Jazair
Stockholm
Reykjavik
København
Bucuresti
Amsterdam
Luxembourg
Bruxelles/Brussel
Ljubljana
Per Cent of Population
3.4 - 9.9
10.0 - 14.9
15.0 - 19.9
20.0 - 24.9
25.0 - 44.3
ARoP Rate: Share of population with less than 60% of the median equivalised household disposable income (after welfare transfers).
• Cities form one extreme and rural/sparsely populated areas the other extreme both have typical social problems and implications on the economic potential
Opportunities and challenges in regions
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CitiesGentrification processesSegmented housing and labour markets
Rural/sparsely populated areasPoor employment possibilitiesDepopulation and ageingPoor access to services
• However, there are common challenges across the territorial ‘urban’ and ‘rural’
• Risk of poverty and social exclusion is more related to region’s characteristics than to it’s centrality or peripherality
• Strong differentiation within larger regions
• Differences greater in Germany and UK than in Nordic
• Poverty is clearly both urban and rural issue
National/regional values hide local difference
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• Many policies are macro-economic and have been launched on national level
• There is an obvious need to appreciate the emergence of regional/local differentiated aspects of social exclusion
• Current governance approaches are not capable to tackle the right problems
• Geography of social exclusion and poverty is complex It is influenced my many dimensions and policy areas – not only
by welfare policies Importance of regional/local informal/voluntary community based
solutions are emphasised Joint working and integration of policies are crucial factors in
pursuing long-term efforts
Approaches in policies towards social exclusion and poverty
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• The role of cities and regions is important, as it is the local level where integrated and holistic responses to social exclusion and poverty are formed Naturally coherence on higher governance levels is required for
policy integration
• Poverty, social exclusion and welfare provision are regional/local challenges
• Basic question is, if territorial dimensions of social exclusion and poverty are driving forces for inequality?
What is importance of social and economic forces in the society?
• Does the AROP indicator tell the full story – or is income poverty only one aspect of a broader, more complex problem?
(Additional) Territorial approaches needed
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