WORKSHOPCombating Climate Change:
National Commitments and Activities
22 March 2002, Skopje
National Inventories and Future Projections of GHG Emissions
Research Center for Energy, Informatics and Materials (ICEIM)
Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts (MANU)
1.Team StructureProject Leader: Akad. Jordan Pop-Jordanov
Project Coordinator: Akad. Tome Bosevski
Executive Secretary: Dr. Natasa Markovska
Energy Industrial ProcessesAcad. T. Bosevski Acad. B. [ optrajanov Acad. J. Pop-Jordanov Prof. S. Hadzi-JordanovAcad. G. Kanevce B.Sc. A. VolkanovskiM.Sc. M. TodorovskiDr. N. Krstanovski
Agriculture LUCF WasteAcad. R. Lozanovski Acad. R. Lozanovski Acad. B. [ optrajanov Dr. N. Markovska Dr. N. Markovska Prof. S. Hadzi-Jordanov
B.Sc. A. Volkanovski
2. Inventory of GHG emissions
2.1 Sector ENERGY
Subsectors Liquid fuels (kt) [%] Solid fuels (kt) [%] Total (kt) [%]
Energy Industries 235.36 9.17 6,621.89 100 6,857.25 74.62
Manufacturing Industries and Construction 639.93 24.93 0 0 639.93 6.96
Transport 1,176.44 45.83 0 0 1,176.44 12.8
Commercial/Institutional & Residential 316.95 12.35 0 0 316.95 3.45
Agriculture / Forestry / Fishing 198.49 7.73 0 0 198.49 2.16
Other 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total 2,567.18 100 6,621.89 100 9,189.07 100
Contribution [%] 27.94 72.06
CO2 emissions (year 1998)
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998
[kt]
Agriculture / Forestry / Fishing
Commercial/Institutional &Residential
Transport
Manufacturing Industries andConstruction
Fugitive Emissions
Energy Industries
Subsectorial CO2-equivalent emissions
82.8
82.9
82.4
82.9
81.8
81.7
82.3
82.2
82.0
16.8
16.7
17.2
16.7
17.8
17.8
17.3
17.4
17.6
0.4
0.4
0.5
0.5
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0 20 40 60 80 100
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
[%]
CO2 CH4 N2O
Contribution of CO2, CH4 and N2O to CO2-eq. emissions
58.5
60.0
58.0
60.9
61.3
60.3
61.0
61.5
16.1
15.9
16.4
15.9
17.0
17.2
16.7
17.0
17.2
8.2
8.2
7.8
7.3
5.6
5.5
6.0
6.0
5.7
10.0
10.4
9.2
12.2
11.2
10.9
11.5
10.7
10.6
4.7
4.7
4.6
4.4
3.6
3.5
3.7
3.4
3.3
2.3
2.3
2.1
2.2
1.7
1.7
1.8
1.8
1.8
58.9
0 20 40 60 80 100
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
[%]
Energy Industries Fugitive Emissions
Manufacturing Industries and Construction Transport
Commercial/Institutional & Residential Agriculture / Forestry / Fishing
Subsectorial contribution to CO2-equivalent emissions
2.2 Sector INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998
[kt]
Metal Production
Chemical Industry
Mineral Products
Subsectorial CO2-equivalent emissions
95.7
94.7
96.5
95.1
89.6
94.0
94.1
94.3
93.6
4.3
5.3
3.5
4.9
10.4
6.0
5.9
5.7
6.4
0 20 40 60 80 100
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
[%]
CO2 N2O
Contribution of CO2, CH4 and N2O to CO2-eq. emissions
38.2
39.2
34.3
31.0
36.2
49.4
44.6
41.4
35.5
5.4
6.4
4.7
6.4
11.7
7.5
7.6
6.8
7.8
56.4
54.4
61.0
62.6
52.1
43.2
47.9
51.8
56.8
0 20 40 60 80 100
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
[%]
Mineral Products Chemical Industry Metal Production
Subsectorial contribution to CO2-equivalent emissions
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1995 1997 1998
A Enteric Fermentation
B Manure Management
C Rice Cultivation
D Agricultural Soils
2.3 Sector AGRICULTURE
[kt]
Subsectorial CO2-equivalent emissions
39.54
40.17
40.59
41.26
40.43
41.14
42.79
44.35
44.17
60.46
59.83
59.41
58.74
59.57
58.86
57.21
55.65
55.83
0 20 40 60 80 100
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
%CH4 %N2O
Contribution of CH4 and N2O to CO2-eq. emissions
(%)
35.95
36.62
37.07
37.25
37.86
39.10
40.44
40.20
8.95
8.96
8.59
8.74
8.88
9.21
10.10
10.65
10.56
0.5
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.3
54.64
53.96
53.89
53.15
53.77
52.86
50.54
48.58
48.95
37.82
0 20 40 60 80 100
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
A Enteric Fermentation
B Manure Management
C Rice Cultivation
D Agricultural Soils
Subsectorial contribution to CO2-equivalent emissions
(%)
2.4 Sector LUCF
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998
Year
kt/y
ea
r
Removals of CO2 (kt/yr) for the period 1990 - 1998
Subsectors 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998
Biomass (removals) 1485.3 1603.4 1661.9 1696.7 1757.8 1804.2 1781.6 2203.4 2242.5
Soil (removals) 62.26 62.26 62.26 62.26 62.26 62.26 62.26 62.26 62.26
Forest and Grassland (release) 83.64 6.48 136.31 209.41 84.22 1.52 14.24 51.32 27.44
TOTAL (removals) 1463.9 1659.2 1587.8 1549.5 1735.8 1864.9 1829.6 2214.3 2277.3
Balance between removals and releases of CO2 (kt CO2) for the period 1990 – 1998
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998
[kt]
Solid Waste Domestic/Commercial Wastewater
Industrial Wastewater Human Sewage
2.5 Sector WASTE
Subsectorial CO2-equivalent emissions
87.8
87.9
87.8
87.9
88.0
87.8
88.1
87.9
88.2
12.2
12.1
12.2
12.1
12.0
12.2
11.9
12.1
11.8
0 20 40 60 80 100
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
(%)
CH4 N20
Contribution of CH4 and N2O to CO2-eq. emissions
78.8
79.8
80.0
80.3
81.1
81.3
79.7
6.5
6.3
4.8
4.8
4.0
4.0
3.9
2.5
2.6
2.4
2.9
3.1
2.6
4.6
12.2
12.1
12.2
12.1
12.0
12.2
11.9
12.1
11.8
78.9
81.5
5.6
5.6
1.5
2.2
0 20 40 60 80 100
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
(%)
Solid Waste Domestic/Commercial WastewaterIndustrial Wastewater Human Sewage
Subsectorial contribution to CO2-equivalent emissions
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998
[kt]
Waste
Land Use Change andForestry
Agriculture
Industrial Processes
Energy
2.6 Integrated results
Sectorial CO2-equivalent emissions
68.3
68.7
67.1
69.0
70.0
72.1
72.0
72.3
74.3
10.5
9.5
9.2
7.7
7.1
6.1
6.5
7.6
7.1
13.1
13.5
14.1
13.5
14.1
13.7
12.8
11.5
10.5
7.5
8.3
8.6
8.3
8.1
8.2
8.5
8.2
8.0
0.6
1.5
1.0
0.0
0.6
0.0
0.1
0.4
0.2
0 20 40 60 80 100
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
[%]
Energy Industrial Processes
Agriculture Land Use Change and Forestry
Waste
Sectorial contribution to CO2-equivalent emissions
67.15
65.95
65.13
65.90
64.23
64.62
65.46
66.98
67.69
23.28
24.16
24.84
24.47
25.33
25.68
25.51
24.91
24.80
9.57
9.89
10.03
9.63
10.43
9.71
9.03
8.11
7.51
0 20 40 60 80 100
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
[%]
CO2 CH4 N2O
Contribution of CO2, CH4 and N2O to CO2-eq. emissions
3. Evaluation of input data 3.1 Sector ENERGY
Data sources:[1] Statistical Office, Republic of Macedonia, Yearbooks.
[2] Public Enterprise for Airport Services Macedonia, Airports Skopje and Ohrid,Internal Documents.
[3] Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories: ReferenceManual.
[4] Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories: Workbook
[5] Electric Power Utility of Macedonia, Annual Reports.
Distribution of items by sources
Source Activity dataEmissionfactors
[1] 74 0
[2] 3 0
[3] 0 2
[4] 0 90
[5] 0 2
Total 77 94
3.2 Sector INDUSTRIAL PROCESSESData sources:
[1] Statistical Office of the Republic of Macedonia:
a) Industry in the Republic of Macedonia 1987-1992, Statistical Review 242, Skopje,February 1994, Republic of Macedonia.b) Industry in the Republic of Macedonia 1993-1998, Statistical Review 330, Skopje,November 1999, Republic of Macedonia
[2] IPCC default data
Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories: Workbook,Module 2: INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES
[3] Estimated by local expertsDistribution of items by sources
Source Activity dataEmissionfactors
[1] 20 0
[2] 0 19
[3] 0 1
Total 20 20
3.3 Sector AGRICULTURE
Data sources:
[1] Statistical Yearbooks of the Republic of Macedonia, Chapter: Agriculture, StatisticalOffice of the Republic of Macedonia, Skopje
[2] Estimations of experts working on the project in consultation with experts from theMinistry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Economy
[3] Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories: Workbookand Reference Manuel, Module 4: AGRICULTURE
[4] Filipovski G. (1999): Soils in the Republic of Macedonia, Macedonian Academy ofSciences and Arts, Skopje.
Distribution of items by sources
Source Activity data Emission factors
Ref. [1] 8 0
Ref. [2] 6 0
Ref. [3] 0 56
Ref. [4] 1 0
Total 15 56
3.4 Sector LUCFData sources:
[1] Statistical Yearbooks of the Republic of Macedonia, Chapter: Forestry, StatisticalOffice of the Republic of Macedonia, Skopje
[2] Energy Balance of the Republic of Macedonia for 2001, Ministry of Economy,December 2000
[3] Forests and Forest Land, Space Plan of the Republic of Macedonia, Draft version,Department for Physical Planning, Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning,1998
[4] Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories: Workbookand Reference Manuel, Module 5: LAND USE CHANGE AND FORESTRY
[5] Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Economy, (Internal Publications)
[6] Filipovski G. (1999): Soils in the Republic of Macedonia, Vol IV: Histosols,Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Skopje.
Distribution of items by sources
Sources Activity data Emission factors
Ref. [1] 14 0
Ref. [2] 2 0
Ref. [3] 0 3
Ref. [4] 0 46
Ref. [5] 6 0
Ref. [6] 8 0
Total 30 49
3.5 Sector WASTEData sources:
[1] Statistical Yearbooks of the Republic of Macedonia, Chapter: Industry, StatisticalOffice of the Republic of Macedonia, Skopje
[2] Estimations of experts working on the project in consultation with other localexperts
[3] Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories:Workbook and Reference Manuel, Module 6: WASTE
[4] (a) Industry in Republic of Macedonia 1987-1992, Statistical Review 242, Skopje,February 1994, Statistical Office of the Republic of Macedonia(b) Industry in Republic of Macedonia 1993-1998, Statistical Review 330, Skopje,November 1999 Statistical Office of the Republic of Macedonia,
Distribution of items by sources
Sources Activity dataEmissionFactors
[1] 13 0
[2] 32 0
[3] 0 25
[4] 2 0
Total 47 25
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 2020
[kt]
Waste
Land Use Change andForestry
Agriculture
Industrial Processes
Energy
4. Projections of GHG emissions
Subsectorial CO2-equivalent emissions
68.3
68.7
67.1
69.0
70.0
72.1
72.0
72.3
74.3
75.1
10.5
9.5
9.2
7.7
7.1
6.1
6.5
7.6
7.1
6.0
13.1
13.5
14.1
13.5
14.1
13.7
12.8
11.5
10.5
8.5
7.5
8.3
8.6
8.3
8.1
8.2
8.5
8.2
8.0
10.2
0.6
1.5
1.0
0.0
0.6
0.0
0.1
0.4
0.2
0.3
0 20 40 60 80 100
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
2020
[%]
Energy Industrial Processes
Agriculture Land Use Change and Forestry
Waste
Subsectorial contribution to CO2-equivalent emissions
5. GHG Data Collection and Management System
S ta tist ica l O ffice o f th eR ep u b lic o f M a ced o n ia
S O R M
C o lle c tin g s ta tis t ic a l d a taS ta tis t ic a l e x a m in a tio n
R eg io n a lS ta t ist ica lO fficers
C o lle c tin gd a ta fro min d iv id u a lso u rc e s
M u n ic ip a lE n terp r ise s
D a ta o n-W a s te
M in is try o f E co n o m yM o E
D a ta o n - F u e l P ro d u c tio n Im p o rt , E x p o r t C o n s u m p tio n - T h e rm a l P o w e r P la n ts - B o ile rs > 2 M W - Te c h n o lo g y
M in is try o fTra ff ic a n d
C o m m u n ica tio n sM o T C
D a ta o n-T ra n s p o rt
Av ia tio nR a il T ra n sp o r tN a v ig a tio n
M in is try o fIn terio r
A ffa irM o IA
D a ta o n-R o a d T ra n s p o r t
M in is try o fA g r icu ltu re ,F o restry a n d
W a ter E co n o m yM o A F W E
D a ta o n - A g r ic u ltu re - F o re s try - W a s te W a te r
M in is try o fH ea lthM o H
R e g io n a lIn s p e c to r a te s
D a ta o n- E m iss io n in th e a ir
M in is try o f E n v iro n m en t a n d P h y s ica l P la n n in gM o E P P
C o o rd in a tio nVe rif ic a tio nF in a n c in g
M A N U
A c tiv it ie s :M o d e lsS to rin gC a lc u la tio n
S e c to rs :E n e rg yIn d u s tr ia l P ro c e s se s & W a s teA g r ic u ltu re & L a n d U se C h a n g e a n d F o re s try