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Workshop for the LDC National Focal Points 17-21 May 2004, UN Headquarters, New York.

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Workshop for the LDC Workshop for the LDC National Focal National Focal Points Points 17-21 May 2004, UN 17-21 May 2004, UN Headquarters, New York Headquarters, New York
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Page 1: Workshop for the LDC National Focal Points 17-21 May 2004, UN Headquarters, New York.

Workshop for the LDC Workshop for the LDC National Focal PointsNational Focal Points

17-21 May 2004, UN Headquarters, 17-21 May 2004, UN Headquarters, New YorkNew York

Page 2: Workshop for the LDC National Focal Points 17-21 May 2004, UN Headquarters, New York.

The Least Developed CountriesThe Least Developed Countries

Page 3: Workshop for the LDC National Focal Points 17-21 May 2004, UN Headquarters, New York.

Criteria for identification Criteria for identification of LDCsof LDCs

1.1. low income level, measured by gross low income level, measured by gross national income (GNI) per capitanational income (GNI) per capita

2.2. stock of human assets, measured by a stock of human assets, measured by a Human Assets Index (HAI)Human Assets Index (HAI)

3.3. economic vulnerability, measured by an economic vulnerability, measured by an Economic Vulnerability Index (EVI) Economic Vulnerability Index (EVI)

Page 4: Workshop for the LDC National Focal Points 17-21 May 2004, UN Headquarters, New York.

1. 1. Low-income criterionLow-income criterion

based on a three-year average estimate based on a three-year average estimate of the of the gross national income (GNI)gross national income (GNI) per per capita:capita:

under $750 for inclusion or above $900 for under $750 for inclusion or above $900 for graduationgraduation

Page 5: Workshop for the LDC National Focal Points 17-21 May 2004, UN Headquarters, New York.

2. Stock of human assets2. Stock of human assets

Measured by the Measured by the Human Assets Index Human Assets Index (HAI),(HAI), based on four indicators: based on four indicators: nutrition, nutrition, measured by average calorie measured by average calorie

consumption per capita as a percentage of consumption per capita as a percentage of the minimum requirementthe minimum requirement

health, health, measured by the under-5 child measured by the under-5 child mortality ratemortality rate

education,education, measured by (i) by gross measured by (i) by gross secondary school enrolment ratio and (ii) secondary school enrolment ratio and (ii) adult literacyadult literacy

Page 6: Workshop for the LDC National Focal Points 17-21 May 2004, UN Headquarters, New York.

3. Economic vulnerability3. Economic vulnerability

Measured by the Measured by the Economic Vulnerability Economic Vulnerability Index (EVI)Index (EVI) (risk of exogenous shocks and (risk of exogenous shocks and structural characteristics). It is an average of structural characteristics). It is an average of five indicators: five indicators: merchandise export concentrationmerchandise export concentration instability of export earningsinstability of export earnings instability of agricultural productioninstability of agricultural production share of manufacturing and modern services in share of manufacturing and modern services in

GDP andGDP and population sizepopulation size % of population displaced by natural disasters % of population displaced by natural disasters

(new)(new)

Page 7: Workshop for the LDC National Focal Points 17-21 May 2004, UN Headquarters, New York.

Inclusion/GraduationInclusion/Graduation

For For inclusion,inclusion, all three criteria must be all three criteria must be metmet

For For graduationgraduation, at least two criteria must , at least two criteria must be met in two consecutive triennial be met in two consecutive triennial reviews by reviews by Committee for Development Committee for Development PolicyPolicy of the ECOSOC, which: of the ECOSOC, which: Reviews criteriaReviews criteria Determines thresholdsDetermines thresholds Makes recommendations on Makes recommendations on

inclusion/graduationinclusion/graduation

Page 8: Workshop for the LDC National Focal Points 17-21 May 2004, UN Headquarters, New York.

Fundamental meaning of LDC category -Fundamental meaning of LDC category -recognition of structural handicapsrecognition of structural handicaps - - excludes large economiesexcludes large economies

PopulationPopulation must not exceed 75 million must not exceed 75 million

Page 9: Workshop for the LDC National Focal Points 17-21 May 2004, UN Headquarters, New York.

Milestones of the LDCsMilestones of the LDCs

Late 1960s - Late 1960s - International recognition of International recognition of LDCs as the most vulnerable groupLDCs as the most vulnerable group

1970s - 1970s - International Development International Development Strategy for Second UN Development Strategy for Second UN Development Decade: special measures for the LDCsDecade: special measures for the LDCs

1981 -1981 - First UN Conference on LDCs First UN Conference on LDCs (LDC I), Paris: Substantial New (LDC I), Paris: Substantial New Programme of Action (SNPA) Programme of Action (SNPA)

Page 10: Workshop for the LDC National Focal Points 17-21 May 2004, UN Headquarters, New York.

1990 - 1990 - Second UN Conference on LDCs Second UN Conference on LDCs (LDC II): Paris Declaration and PoA for (LDC II): Paris Declaration and PoA for the decadethe decade

2000 - 2000 - Millennium Declaration and Millennium Declaration and MDGs: poverty identified as the most MDGs: poverty identified as the most daunting challenge of new centurydaunting challenge of new century

2001 - Third UN Conference on LDCs2001 - Third UN Conference on LDCs (LDC III): (LDC III): Brussels Declaration and Brussels Declaration and Programme of ActionProgramme of Action (2001-2010) (2001-2010)

Page 11: Workshop for the LDC National Focal Points 17-21 May 2004, UN Headquarters, New York.

Programme of Action for the Programme of Action for the Least Developed Countries for the Least Developed Countries for the Decade 2001-2010Decade 2001-2010

Page 12: Workshop for the LDC National Focal Points 17-21 May 2004, UN Headquarters, New York.

Framework for partnership Framework for partnership between LDCs and their between LDCs and their development partnersdevelopment partners

Based on their shared but differentiated Based on their shared but differentiated responsibilities:responsibilities: to accelerate sustainedto accelerate sustained economiceconomic growth growth

and sustainable development in LDCs, and sustainable development in LDCs, to end marginalization by eradicatingto end marginalization by eradicating

poverty, inequalitypoverty, inequality and deprivation in these and deprivation in these countries, and countries, and

to enable them to integrate beneficially into to enable them to integrate beneficially into the global economy the global economy

Page 13: Workshop for the LDC National Focal Points 17-21 May 2004, UN Headquarters, New York.

Overarching goal:Overarching goal:

To make substantial progress toward To make substantial progress toward halving the proportion of people living in halving the proportion of people living in extreme poverty and suffering from extreme poverty and suffering from hunger by 2015 and promote the hunger by 2015 and promote the sustainable development of the LDCs sustainable development of the LDCs

Contains 30 international development Contains 30 international development goals, including the MDGs, embedded in goals, including the MDGs, embedded in commitmentscommitments

Page 14: Workshop for the LDC National Focal Points 17-21 May 2004, UN Headquarters, New York.

Commitments:Commitments:

1.1. fostering a people-fostering a people-centered policy centered policy frameworkframework

2.2. good governance at good governance at national and national and international levelsinternational levels

3.3. building human and building human and institutional institutional capacitiescapacities

4.4. building productive building productive capacities to make capacities to make globalization work globalization work for LDCsfor LDCs

5.5. enhancing the role enhancing the role of trade in of trade in development development

6.6. reducing reducing vulnerability and vulnerability and protecting the protecting the environment environment

7.7. mobilizing financial mobilizing financial resources resources

Page 15: Workshop for the LDC National Focal Points 17-21 May 2004, UN Headquarters, New York.

Cross-cutting issuesCross-cutting issues::

poverty eradicationpoverty eradication gender equalitygender equality employmentemployment governance at national and international levelsgovernance at national and international levels capacity-buildingcapacity-building sustainable developmentsustainable development special problems of landlocked and small special problems of landlocked and small

island LDCs, and island LDCs, and challenges faced by LDCs affected by conflict challenges faced by LDCs affected by conflict

Page 16: Workshop for the LDC National Focal Points 17-21 May 2004, UN Headquarters, New York.

Guiding principlesGuiding principles::

1.1. An integrated approachAn integrated approach

2.2. Genuine partnershipGenuine partnership

3.3. Country ownershipCountry ownership

4.4. Market considerationsMarket considerations

5.5. Result orientationResult orientation

Page 17: Workshop for the LDC National Focal Points 17-21 May 2004, UN Headquarters, New York.

1. An integrated approach1. An integrated approach

““The development process should be viewed The development process should be viewed in a comprehensive, coherent and long-term in a comprehensive, coherent and long-term manner by LDCs and their partners, including manner by LDCs and their partners, including the multilateral agencies within and outside the multilateral agencies within and outside the United Nations system. the United Nations system.

When addressing economic development When addressing economic development and poverty eradication, there should be a and poverty eradication, there should be a balance between economic and other balance between economic and other objectives of development. The objectives of development. The implementation of the PoA should be implementation of the PoA should be integrated into all international processes of integrated into all international processes of concern to the LDCs” concern to the LDCs”

Page 18: Workshop for the LDC National Focal Points 17-21 May 2004, UN Headquarters, New York.

2. Genuine partnership2. Genuine partnership

““With greater alignment between With greater alignment between national policies and strategies in LDCs national policies and strategies in LDCs and the external assistance strategies and the external assistance strategies of their partners, the scope for more of their partners, the scope for more effective dialogue between them has effective dialogue between them has expanded. Open and transparent expanded. Open and transparent development cooperation, underpinned development cooperation, underpinned by strong political will, can help bring by strong political will, can help bring about rapid transformations in LDCs” about rapid transformations in LDCs”

Page 19: Workshop for the LDC National Focal Points 17-21 May 2004, UN Headquarters, New York.

3. Country ownership3. Country ownership

““All efforts should be made by LDCs All efforts should be made by LDCs and their partners to ensure genuinely and their partners to ensure genuinely country-led development. This will be country-led development. This will be aided by the joint identification of aided by the joint identification of development priorities by LDCs and development priorities by LDCs and their development partners. Also, LDCs their development partners. Also, LDCs will need to be effectively involved in will need to be effectively involved in areas such as aid coordination and debt areas such as aid coordination and debt relief” relief”

Page 20: Workshop for the LDC National Focal Points 17-21 May 2004, UN Headquarters, New York.

4. Market considerations4. Market considerations

““While acknowledging the importance of While acknowledging the importance of market forces in the sustained process of market forces in the sustained process of economic growth and poverty reduction, economic growth and poverty reduction, there is a need to ensure an appropriate mix there is a need to ensure an appropriate mix of public-private participation.of public-private participation.

However, this cannot be achieved without However, this cannot be achieved without adequate attention to market weaknesses as adequate attention to market weaknesses as well as government weaknesses, and well as government weaknesses, and consideration of the preparedness of the consideration of the preparedness of the private sector. … To be fully productive, private sector. … To be fully productive, however, a market must operate within a however, a market must operate within a stable legal and economic framework” stable legal and economic framework”

Page 21: Workshop for the LDC National Focal Points 17-21 May 2004, UN Headquarters, New York.

““Only positiveOnly positive concrete processes andconcrete processes and outcomes can sustain public confidence in outcomes can sustain public confidence in the development partnership between LDCs the development partnership between LDCs and their development partners. and their development partners.

The process of identifying, assessing and The process of identifying, assessing and monitoring progress on processes and monitoring progress on processes and concreteconcrete outcomes will be a key aspect of the outcomes will be a key aspect of the implementation of the PoAimplementation of the PoA and its success and its success will be judged by its contribution to progress will be judged by its contribution to progress of LDCs towards achieving international of LDCs towards achieving international development targets, as well as their development targets, as well as their graduation from the list of LDCs” graduation from the list of LDCs”

5. Result orientation5. Result orientation

Page 22: Workshop for the LDC National Focal Points 17-21 May 2004, UN Headquarters, New York.

Follow-up and Follow-up and ImplementationImplementation

Three track approach:Three track approach: ““success in attaining BPoA objectives success in attaining BPoA objectives

will depend critically on the effective will depend critically on the effective follow-up, implementation, monitoring follow-up, implementation, monitoring and review at:and review at:1.1. nationalnational

2.2. regional and regional and

3.3. global levels” global levels”

Page 23: Workshop for the LDC National Focal Points 17-21 May 2004, UN Headquarters, New York.

Follow-up at the global Follow-up at the global level :level :

assess economic and social performance of assess economic and social performance of LDCs, LDCs,

monitor implementation of commitments by monitor implementation of commitments by LDCs and their partnersLDCs and their partners

review the functioning of implementation and review the functioning of implementation and follow-up mechanisms at country, follow-up mechanisms at country, subregional, regional and sectoral levels, and subregional, regional and sectoral levels, and policy developments at the global level with policy developments at the global level with implications for LDCs implications for LDCs

Page 24: Workshop for the LDC National Focal Points 17-21 May 2004, UN Headquarters, New York.

Follow-up at the regional Follow-up at the regional level :level :

cooperation between LDCs and other cooperation between LDCs and other countries at the regional and countries at the regional and subregional levels subregional levels

Page 25: Workshop for the LDC National Focal Points 17-21 May 2004, UN Headquarters, New York.

Follow-up at the national Follow-up at the national level :level :

each LDC, with development partners’ each LDC, with development partners’ support, to promote implementation of BPoA support, to promote implementation of BPoA actionsactions

by translating them into specific measures within by translating them into specific measures within national development framework and poverty national development framework and poverty eradication strategy, including, where they exist, eradication strategy, including, where they exist, Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSPs), Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSPs), common country assessments (CCAs), and the common country assessments (CCAs), and the United Nations Development Assistance United Nations Development Assistance Framework (UNDAF), Framework (UNDAF),

involvement of civil society, including the private involvement of civil society, including the private sector, on the basis of a broad-based inclusive sector, on the basis of a broad-based inclusive dialogue dialogue

Page 26: Workshop for the LDC National Focal Points 17-21 May 2004, UN Headquarters, New York.

Role of United Nations Role of United Nations system:system:

Assist the LDCs in translating goals and targets of Assist the LDCs in translating goals and targets of major global conferences and summits into concrete major global conferences and summits into concrete actions in light of national prioritiesactions in light of national priorities

Mainstream the BPoA in work programmes and Mainstream the BPoA in work programmes and activities activities

Governing bodies “are invited to organize sectoral Governing bodies “are invited to organize sectoral appraisals at regular intervals in their respective areas of appraisals at regular intervals in their respective areas of competence and make available the outcomes of such competence and make available the outcomes of such appraisals to the annual global reviews”appraisals to the annual global reviews”

Setting up the system of focal points to ensure “the Setting up the system of focal points to ensure “the full mobilization and coordination of all parts of the full mobilization and coordination of all parts of the United Nations system” United Nations system”

Page 27: Workshop for the LDC National Focal Points 17-21 May 2004, UN Headquarters, New York.

ThankThank youyou


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