WORKSHOP ON GLOBAL UNIVERSITY SYSTEM & E-LEARNING 1 9 October 2006, Thursday

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WORKSHOP ONWORKSHOP ONGLOBAL UNIVERSITY SYSTEM & E-GLOBAL UNIVERSITY SYSTEM & E-

LEARNINGLEARNING

119 October 2006, Thursday9 October 2006, ThursdayTOBB Economics and Technology TOBB Economics and Technology

University, Red HallUniversity, Red Hall, Ankara, TURKEY, Ankara, TURKEY

Prof. Dr. Ugur DEMIRAY Prof. Dr. Ugur DEMIRAY Anadolu University,Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Eskisehir, TURKEYTURKEY

Distance Education in TurkeyDistance Education in Turkey

TOBB 19 October 2006, Ankara, TURKEYTOBB 19 October 2006, Ankara, TURKEY

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In this presentation In this presentation concept of distance concept of distance educationeducation and and history history of distance education of distance education in Turkey, and in Turkey, and Turkish distance Turkish distance education education applications will be applications will be discuss. discuss.

Today, Turkey have Today, Turkey have many distance many distance education education applications mainly applications mainly administered by administered by Universities and Universities and Ministry of Education. Ministry of Education.

AAbstract…bstract…

TOBB; 19 October 2006, Ankara, TURKEYTOBB; 19 October 2006, Ankara, TURKEY

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In Addition, some private In Addition, some private dedication firms are also dedication firms are also applying this education applying this education method by using method by using technology for their technology for their educational components. educational components. But the biggest three of But the biggest three of these institutions are Open these institutions are Open Education Faculty, Anadolu Education Faculty, Anadolu University, in Eskisehir. University, in Eskisehir.

And Open High School and And Open High School and Open Primary School, Open Primary School, Ministry of Education in Ministry of Education in capital city, Ankara. capital city, Ankara. Nearly, these three Nearly, these three institutions are giving institutions are giving educational service to educational service to 2,000,000 students.2,000,000 students.

Keywords:Keywords: Turkey Turkey,, Open Education Faculty, Open Education Faculty, Anadolu University, Anadolu University, Technology, Technology, Distance EducationDistance Education (DE)(DE), Internet, DE , Internet, DE applicationapplication

AAbstractbstract

19 October 2006, Ankara, TURKEY19 October 2006, Ankara, TURKEY

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AbstractAbstract Concept of dConcept of distance istance

educationeducation History of History of distance distance

education ın Turkeyeducation ın Turkey Student population of OEFStudent population of OEF Student characteristics of Student characteristics of

OEFOEF Future plans of OEFFuture plans of OEF International relations of International relations of

OEFOEF Other distance education Other distance education

applications in Turkeyapplications in Turkey ReReferencesferences ThanksThanks

Content of presentationContent of presentation


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Distance educationDistance education is… is…

Distance education can be Distance education can be defined or called with many defined or called with many the other concepts such as the other concepts such as wellness education, open wellness education, open learning, open teaching, learning, open teaching, non-traditional education, non-traditional education, distance learning, distance distance learning, distance teaching, correspondence teaching, correspondence education, independent education, independent study, home study, study, home study, distance teaching at a distance teaching at a distance, extension study, distance, extension study, external study, external external study, external learning, flexible learning, flexible education, flexible education, flexible learning, life long learning, life long education, lifelong education, lifelong learning, contract learning, learning, contract learning, experiential learning, experiential learning, directed private study, directed private study, drop-in learning, drop-in learning, independent learning, independent learning, individualized learning, individualized learning, resource-based learning, resource-based learning, self-access learning, self-self-access learning, self-study, supported self-study study, supported self-study or continuing education ect or continuing education ect in the literature defined by in the literature defined by different authors. different authors. 19 October 2006, Ankara, TURKEY19 October 2006, Ankara, TURKEY

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Distance educationDistance education is… is…

Distance education is a Distance education is a generic term that generic term that includes the range of includes the range of teachingteaching or or earning earning strategies referred to as strategies referred to as correspondence correspondence education or education or correspondence study at correspondence study at further education level in further education level in the United Kingdom; as the United Kingdom; as home study further home study further education and education and independent study at independent study at higher educational in the higher educational in the United States; as external United States; as external studies in Australia; and studies in Australia; and as a distance teaching or as a distance teaching or teaching at a distance in teaching at a distance in the United Kingdom by the United Kingdom by the Open University. In the Open University. In French it is referred to as French it is referred to as tteleenseignement; eleenseignement; FernstudiumFernstudium or or Fernunterricht in German; Fernunterricht in German; educacion a distanica in educacion a distanica in Spanish and teleducacao Spanish and teleducacao in Portuguese.in Portuguese. 19 October 2006, Ankara, TURKEY19 October 2006, Ankara, TURKEY

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Distance educationDistance education is is

Distance education is a medium of Distance education is a medium of teaching and learning that has grown teaching and learning that has grown significantly in the past decade as significantly in the past decade as indicated by the number of higher indicated by the number of higher education institutions that offer courses education institutions that offer courses and/or full degree programs via and/or full degree programs via distance learning methods. distance learning methods.

According to the National Center for According to the National Center for Education Statistics-NCES (1999), the Education Statistics-NCES (1999), the number of degree-granting higher number of degree-granting higher education institutions offering distance education institutions offering distance education courses increased from 33 education courses increased from 33 percent in 1995 to 44 percent in 1997-percent in 1995 to 44 percent in 1997-98. 98.

More specifically, the use of computer-More specifically, the use of computer-based technologies has increased from based technologies has increased from 22 percent in 1995 to 60 percent in 22 percent in 1995 to 60 percent in 1997-98 and more than 80% in the year 1997-98 and more than 80% in the year of 2000sof 2000s and now more than %80. and now more than %80.


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History of History of distance educationdistance education……

In this context, history of In this context, history of distance education can be distance education can be discuss generally in five clear discuss generally in five clear periods. These periods are can periods. These periods are can be listed as:be listed as:

A period of before A period of before correspondence education. correspondence education. Some educational activities Some educational activities which are try to aiding for lack which are try to aiding for lack of education process before of education process before constructing and establishing constructing and establishing correspondence education correspondence education systems.systems.

Heavily applied correspondence Heavily applied correspondence education systems period. education systems period. In In this periodthis period systems systems widely used widely used printed materials by using printed materials by using postal system for delivery such postal system for delivery such books, newspapers, guide books books, newspapers, guide books or other printed medium for or other printed medium for realizing their aim.realizing their aim.


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History of History of distance educationdistance education…… Instructional radio and television Instructional radio and television

which is called one-way which is called one-way communicational period by communicational period by broadcasting. In this period broadcasting. In this period broadcasting radio and television broadcasting radio and television used functionally beside of used functionally beside of printed material for being audio printed material for being audio and visualizing of course and visualizing of course materials.materials.

Than started two- way Than started two- way communicational audio and communicational audio and interactive period. With two-way interactive period. With two-way audio and video between teachers audio and video between teachers and students these emerging and students these emerging technologies, educators are able technologies, educators are able to include more interaction in to include more interaction in educating at a distance.educating at a distance.

In delivery of In delivery of DEDE, the fifth period , the fifth period can be described using satellite can be described using satellite and future technologies which are and future technologies which are integrating via computer and integrating via computer and computer combining systems. computer combining systems. Telecommunication technologies Telecommunication technologies such as radio, television, video such as radio, television, video cassette, computer, satellite, and cassette, computer, satellite, and fiber-optics are aiding educators fiber-optics are aiding educators by development in communication by development in communication and electronic industry.and electronic industry.


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History of History of distance educationdistance education in Turkey… in Turkey… When distance education When distance education

history is searched in Turkey, history is searched in Turkey, it means 1982 the year it means 1982 the year Anadolu University, called in Anadolu University, called in Turkish as Acikogretim Turkish as Acikogretim Fakültesi (or in English The Fakültesi (or in English The Open Education Faculty). It is Open Education Faculty). It is seen that the first seen that the first application goes back application goes back to1970s’.to1970s’.

Anadolu University the Open Anadolu University the Open Education Faculty Education Faculty established and started established and started distance education 1982-83 distance education 1982-83 Academic Year by enrolling Academic Year by enrolling 29,445 students, to the 29,445 students, to the Business Administration and Business Administration and Economics Departments. By Economics Departments. By general lines, OEF reached to general lines, OEF reached to its students by printed its students by printed materials, TV courses and materials, TV courses and academic counseling (as academic counseling (as face-to-face education) at face-to-face education) at the beginning years. Later the beginning years. Later on, OEF has added radio on, OEF has added radio programs, video education programs, video education centers, newspaper, centers, newspaper, computer centers, CD-ROMs computer centers, CD-ROMs and internet to its operation.and internet to its operation.

The beginning of distance The beginning of distance education in Turkey can be education in Turkey can be traced back to several traced back to several groups of problems; political, groups of problems; political, social and economic.social and economic. 19 October 2006, Ankara, TURKEY19 October 2006, Ankara, TURKEY

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Not all of these problems were internal. Not all of these problems were internal. Many were created by external influences.Many were created by external influences.

Politically,Politically, Turkey is in a unique Turkey is in a uniqueposition because it is the position because it is the bridgebridgebetween Europe and Asia. As abetween Europe and Asia. As aresult, Turkey has spent muchresult, Turkey has spent muchtime in its modernization time in its modernization efforts to become an active efforts to become an active member of the 21st century. member of the 21st century.

Many of the country's problemsMany of the country's problemsstem from its position as anstem from its position as anEastern culture and society Eastern culture and society trying to blend into a Western trying to blend into a Western industrial world. industrial world.

The past 80 years in Turkey haveThe past 80 years in Turkey havewitnessed dramatic changes. witnessed dramatic changes. The country, since 1920, has The country, since 1920, has changed its alphabet to the changed its alphabet to the Roman one and established Roman one and established the importance of secularism the importance of secularism (the complete separation of (the complete separation of religion and politics) in the religion and politics) in the running of the government.running of the government.

In the 1970's Turkey began to In the 1970's Turkey began to search for new ways to develop search for new ways to develop its own educational strategy in its own educational strategy in order to expand the order to expand the opportunities for its citizens.opportunities for its citizens.

It was believed, and enacted into It was believed, and enacted into law, that education should be law, that education should be the main responsibility of the the main responsibility of the government.government.


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Economically,Economically, advances in advances in science and technology have science and technology have had their impact on Turkish had their impact on Turkish society.society.

Developments and applications Developments and applications of new technologies have put of new technologies have put pressure on Turkey to pressure on Turkey to provide up-to-date education provide up-to-date education to keep the work force to keep the work force competitive with that of competitive with that of other countries. The skills other countries. The skills and knowledge of workers and knowledge of workers must be constantly updated must be constantly updated with new technological with new technological information.information.

In addition to learning new In addition to learning new technological applications, technological applications, human resources must also human resources must also be improved. be improved.

The present increasing The present increasing population growth has put population growth has put pressure on Turkish society pressure on Turkish society create new areas for work. create new areas for work.

Competition demands better Competition demands better qualified workers in order to qualified workers in order to be successful.be successful.


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Socially,Socially, the country, since 1920, the country, since 1920, has changed its alphabet to the has changed its alphabet to the Roman one and established the Roman one and established the importance of secularism (the importance of secularism (the complete separation of religion complete separation of religion and politics) in the running of and politics) in the running of the government.the government.

In the 1970's Turkey began to In the 1970's Turkey began to search for new ways to develop search for new ways to develop its own educational strategy in its own educational strategy in order to expand the order to expand the opportunities for its citizens. It opportunities for its citizens. It was believed, and enacted into was believed, and enacted into law, that education should be law, that education should be the main responsibility of the the main responsibility of the government.government.

Advances in science and Advances in science and technology have had their technology have had their impact on Turkish society. impact on Turkish society. Developments and applications Developments and applications of new technologies have put of new technologies have put pressure on Turkey to provide pressure on Turkey to provide up-to-date education to keep up-to-date education to keep the work force competitive the work force competitive with that of other countries. with that of other countries. The knowledge and skills of The knowledge and skills of workers must be constantly workers must be constantly updated with new updated with new technological information. In technological information. In addition to learning new addition to learning new technological applications, technological applications, human resources must also be human resources must also be improved.improved.


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History of History of distance educationdistance education in Turkey… in Turkey…

Although the first distance Although the first distance education program (Division of education program (Division of Higher Education program Higher Education program referred to as Yay-Kur) was referred to as Yay-Kur) was undertaken by the Ministry of undertaken by the Ministry of Education between 1975-1978, Education between 1975-1978, this initiative was a dramatic this initiative was a dramatic failure for various political, failure for various political, administrative, financial and administrative, financial and even psychological reasons even psychological reasons which might be the subject of which might be the subject of a separate study. a separate study.

In 1982, benefiting from In 1982, benefiting from information of the failed Yay-information of the failed Yay-Kur project, the first true Kur project, the first true distance education program in distance education program in Turkey was initiated by Turkey was initiated by Anadolu University.Anadolu University.

The original numbers of The original numbers of students admitted was 29,445 students admitted was 29,445 for the 1982-83 Academic Year for the 1982-83 Academic Year for the Business for the Business Administration and Economics Administration and Economics programs. All students were programs. All students were high school graduates and high school graduates and were accepted into the OEF were accepted into the OEF programs after passing a programs after passing a placement through the placement through the national university exam. national university exam. 19 October 2006, Ankara, TURKEY19 October 2006, Ankara, TURKEY

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History of History of distance educationdistance education in Turkey in Turkey

Today the programs Today the programs have expanded in have expanded in scope to include not scope to include not only those subjects only those subjects but;but;

Nursing, Nursing, Foreign Languages, Foreign Languages, Math, Math, Sciences, Sciences, Tourism, Tourism, Business and Training Business and Training programs for the programs for the private sector, private sector, Associate Degrees in Associate Degrees in Teacher Training and Teacher Training and Teacher Training for Teacher Training for Degree Completion Degree Completion

etc.,etc., 19 October 2006, Ankara, TURKEY19 October 2006, Ankara, TURKEY

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InstructInstructionalional mater materiialsals of OEF… of OEF…

The Open Education Faculty's The Open Education Faculty's system is based on the system is based on the combination of three main combination of three main educational components as; educational components as; printed materials, television printed materials, television and radio broadcasts, and and radio broadcasts, and academic counseling. academic counseling.

Printed materials are prepared Printed materials are prepared by the academic staff from by the academic staff from various universities and various universities and edited by the faculty edited by the faculty members of Anadolu members of Anadolu University according to the University according to the principles and techniques of principles and techniques of distance learning. distance learning.

These materials are sent to the These materials are sent to the students by regular postal students by regular postal channels or by student channels or by student offices in 77 city via 84 offices in 77 city via 84 officesoffices


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InstructInstructionalional mater materiialsals of OEF of OEF

Television and radio Television and radio broadcasts are designed to broadcasts are designed to be supplementary to the be supplementary to the printed materials. As in the printed materials. As in the printed materials, various printed materials, various university members work on university members work on television and radio television and radio programs, either as authors programs, either as authors or as tutors (or both). or as tutors (or both).

More than 300 programs are More than 300 programs are produced in OEF studios by produced in OEF studios by the OEF staff and the OEF staff and broadcasts are aired every broadcasts are aired every year to students throughout year to students throughout the country. the country.

Broadcasting services are Broadcasting services are carried out by the state carried out by the state owned Turkish Radio and owned Turkish Radio and Television (TRT) Television (TRT) Corporation. Corporation. 19 October 2006, Ankara, TURKEY19 October 2006, Ankara, TURKEY

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Academic counseling centers Academic counseling centers are located in 59 cities 62 are located in 59 cities 62 center. At these centers, center. At these centers, students receive advisory students receive advisory help provided by part time help provided by part time instructors and academic instructors and academic advisors who are selected advisors who are selected from among the regional from among the regional university members. One university members. One hour per week of counseling hour per week of counseling services per course is services per course is provided to students at provided to students at these centers. these centers.

Approximately 80 percent of Approximately 80 percent of the students have regular the students have regular access to these centers. At access to these centers. At these centers there are these centers there are additional services such as additional services such as videos, newspaper and videos, newspaper and other official services for other official services for students. These three parts students. These three parts of the distance education of the distance education program work together as program work together as very functional components very functional components of a smoothly running of a smoothly running system.system. 19 October 2006, Ankara, TURKEY19 October 2006, Ankara, TURKEY

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Other main instructional Other main instructional material students can use e-material students can use e-learning service materials learning service materials too:too:

CD exercises softwaresCD exercises softwares CAI materialsCAI materials WebCT aplacationsWebCT aplacations e-exercisese-exercises e-bookse-books e-audio bookse-audio books e-counsellinge-counselling e-televisionse-televisions e-examiniationse-examiniations


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Organizational structure of OEF …Organizational structure of OEF … Finance Structure:Finance Structure: Like Like

other Turkish public other Turkish public universities, the government universities, the government finances Anadolu University finances Anadolu University and its distance education and its distance education branch, the OEF. All branch, the OEF. All academicians' and academicians' and administrators' salaries are administrators' salaries are paid through government paid through government funds. funds. Expenditures for all Expenditures for all OEF operations including OEF operations including printing books, television printing books, television and radio productions, and radio productions, mailing, examination costs, mailing, examination costs, administrative costs and administrative costs and salaries come from Anadolusalaries come from Anadolu..

Revenues to the university Revenues to the university come from government come from government allocations, foundation allocations, foundation income and student fees. income and student fees.

Although the percent from Although the percent from each of these areas can vary each of these areas can vary from year to year, the from year to year, the majority of the income majority of the income

comes from government.comes from government. 19 October 2006, Ankara, TURKEY19 October 2006, Ankara, TURKEY

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Organizational structure of OEFOrganizational structure of OEF

Administrative Structure:Administrative Structure: Until 1993, the OEF is Until 1993, the OEF is administered as a separate administered as a separate Faculty within Anadolu Faculty within Anadolu University. It has one Dean University. It has one Dean and four vice deans, each and four vice deans, each with a different with a different responsibility. The four responsibility. The four areas of responsibilities areas of responsibilities are:are:

Registration, regional Registration, regional offices, organization of offices, organization of academic counseling, academic counseling, exams.exams.

Course materials, media Course materials, media production and delivery production and delivery from OEF Radio and from OEF Radio and Television studios.Television studios.

Development projects.Development projects. International relations and International relations and

international projects.international projects. The Deputy Deans report to The Deputy Deans report to

the Dean of the OEF who isthe Dean of the OEF who isresponsible directly to the responsible directly to the Rector of the university.Rector of the university.


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After 1993, status of OEF After 1993, status of OEF changed by Law numbered changed by Law numbered 496, OEF became a service 496, OEF became a service faculty to the Economics faculty to the Economics and Business Faculties and Business Faculties which are responsible to which are responsible to make distance education make distance education apart from the Economics apart from the Economics and Administrative and Administrative Faculty's Business and Faculty's Business and Economics department in Economics department in spite of the same content. spite of the same content.

OEF will serve to realize OEF will serve to realize registrations of students, to registrations of students, to organize their exams, to organize their exams, to prepare and produce prepare and produce printed, visual and audio printed, visual and audio course materials and to course materials and to reach them to active reach them to active students of these faculties. students of these faculties.


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These faculties are responsible These faculties are responsible only to design the contents only to design the contents of course material of course material scientifically. In additional, scientifically. In additional, OEF has only to give pre-OEF has only to give pre-bachelor diploma or degree bachelor diploma or degree programs as do it before. programs as do it before. Its administrative structure Its administrative structure was not changed for to was not changed for to make these responsibilities. make these responsibilities.

Still it has own dean and four Still it has own dean and four vice-dean as being vice-dean as being functional mentioned functional mentioned above.above.


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Student population of OEFStudent population of OEF

Today OEF has nearly 1,000,000 students, more than 750,000 graduates, Today OEF has nearly 1,000,000 students, more than 750,000 graduates, nearly 40 different program for degree or associate degree levelsnearly 40 different program for degree or associate degree levels


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Student characteristics of OEFStudent characteristics of OEFAverage age of the students is 24 with the age

Male students comprise 60% of the students and remaining 40% are female.

About 70% of the students have full time

8% part time employment.

Handicapped students comprise about %1.5 of the student population.

Students’ residential data show that about 53% of the students live in metropolitan areas with population above 500.000,

16% in areas with population between 100.000 and 500.000

18% in small provinces with population between 20.000 and 100.000

13% in rural areas with population less than 20.000. (Ozkul, 2001)


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Future plans of OEF…Future plans of OEF…

By the year 2002, it is By the year 2002, it is planned that the OEF will planned that the OEF will progress toward progress toward becoming a separate and becoming a separate and autonomous Turkish autonomous Turkish Distance Education Distance Education University. The University. The reorganization from reorganization from faculty status within an faculty status within an existing university to existing university to separate university status separate university status is needed because of the is needed because of the size and structure of the size and structure of the OEF, its increasing OEF, its increasing technical investment in technical investment in staff and operations, and staff and operations, and its future plans. The its future plans. The present structure of the present structure of the faculty within an existing faculty within an existing university imposes certain university imposes certain limitations on the future limitations on the future growth and development growth and development of its programs.of its programs.

In 2003-2004 academic In 2003-2004 academic year OEF startyear OEF started varios ed varios associate degree associate degree programs for police and programs for police and gendarme. Almost these gendarme. Almost these programs are interest programs are interest more than 100,000 more than 100,000 candidates for eachcandidates for each program.program.


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In 2003-2004 academic In 2003-2004 academic year OEF startyear OEF starteded associate degree associate degree programs for police and programs for police and gendarme. Almost these gendarme. Almost these programs are interest programs are interest more than 100,000 more than 100,000 candidates for each candidates for each program.program.

In addition to these In addition to these domestic projects, other domestic projects, other international projects are international projects are currently being currently being developed. The Channel E developed. The Channel E project, project, the projects are the projects are carrying out for carrying out for developing on the developing on the subjects which are their subjects which are their contents' listed beloved contents' listed beloved as:as:


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Cooperative language Cooperative language and art programs.and art programs.

Delivery of educational Delivery of educational programs, which are programs, which are already produced such already produced such as Economics, Business as Economics, Business Administration, HomeAdministration, Home

Economics and Social Economics and Social Sciences.Sciences.

In-service training for In-service training for private or government private or government middle or highlevel middle or highlevel administrators.administrators.

Associate degree Associate degree programs for military programs for military personnelpersonnel

In-service training for In-service training for special subjects such as special subjects such as handcrafts and basic handcrafts and basic skill development.skill development.


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Future plans of OEFFuture plans of OEF

West Europe Programs, which West Europe Programs, which are the extension of The are the extension of The Department of Economics and Department of Economics and Administrative Sciences in Administrative Sciences in West Europe programs, are West Europe programs, are started at 1987-1988 academic started at 1987-1988 academic year. year.

These programs are These programs are coordinated by the branch coordinated by the branch office established at Cologne-office established at Cologne-Germany.Germany.

Economics (BA degree), Economics (BA degree), Management and Organization Management and Organization (BA degree), Foreign Trade (BA degree), Foreign Trade (Assoc. degree) programs are (Assoc. degree) programs are offered to Turkish citizens offered to Turkish citizens living at Western European living at Western European countries mainly in Germany, countries mainly in Germany, France, Belgium, Holland, France, Belgium, Holland, Switzerland, and Austria.Switzerland, and Austria.


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International relations of OEFInternational relations of OEF

Anadolu University has Anadolu University has many international many international relationships for relationships for distance educational distance educational developments and developments and exchance its academical exchance its academical and practical and practical experiences. experiences.

And alsoUniversiy has And alsoUniversiy has member of some member of some association in this field association in this field as shown belove:as shown belove:

Open University UK,Open University UK,CNED France,CNED France,The FernUniversitaet The FernUniversitaet GermanyGermany

NIME NIME ICDEICDEEADTUEADTUAAOU AAOU


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Other distance education applications in Turkey…Other distance education applications in Turkey…

Fırat University has also started Fırat University has also started its distance education program its distance education program in 1990. In the first place in 1990. In the first place dissertations of M.A. students dissertations of M.A. students were successfully completed via were successfully completed via e-mail applications. Today a e-mail applications. Today a distance education program in distance education program in this university has been applied this university has been applied through Fırat Television and through Fırat Television and internet. Distance education internet. Distance education application of Fırat University application of Fırat University which is are realized via which is are realized via television broadcasts that television broadcasts that provide certificates to the provide certificates to the students today are aimed to be students today are aimed to be more extensive with the more extensive with the contribution of internet, contribution of internet, teleconference, desktop video teleconference, desktop video teleconference systems in the teleconference systems in the future.future.


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Distance education in the Middle Distance education in the Middle East Technical University is East Technical University is ensured via internet. In the ensured via internet. In the application of this system that is application of this system that is called Asynchronous Education called Asynchronous Education Relying On Internet the courses Relying On Internet the courses that aim to reach in the other that aim to reach in the other universities programs and The universities programs and The Certificate Program of The Certificate Program of The Information Technologies are Information Technologies are provided. This certificate provided. This certificate program that lasts for nine program that lasts for nine months is made of four periods months is made of four periods and 8 courses (two courses per and 8 courses (two courses per period).period).

Asynchronously presented Asynchronously presented courses that rely on web are courses that rely on web are provided to the other provided to the other universities according to the universities according to the Implementing Regulation of Implementing Regulation of Inter-university Communication Inter-university Communication and Information Technology of and Information Technology of Higher Education starting from Higher Education starting from 2001 Spring Period. These 2001 Spring Period. These courses are provided in courses are provided in bachelors and graduate level bachelors and graduate level and ensured as Turkish and and ensured as Turkish and English.English.


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Sakarya University applies Sakarya University applies distance education distance education asynchronously with the asynchronously with the internet.internet.

This university provides 4 This university provides 4 courses to its own students, 2 courses to its own students, 2 courses to other students as courses to other students as service provider and also it service provider and also it ensures 13 courses for ensures 13 courses for Information Administration Information Administration and Computer Programming and Computer Programming pre-B.A. programs.pre-B.A. programs.


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Other distance education Other distance education applications in Turkey…applications in Turkey…

Today Open High School, Open Education Today Open High School, Open Education Primary School and Professional and Primary School and Professional and Occupational and Technical School are Occupational and Technical School are providing distance education to their providing distance education to their students. They belong to the National students. They belong to the National Education Ministry General Management Education Ministry General Management of Education Technologies Department. of Education Technologies Department. Open Education High School has been Open Education High School has been established in accordance with the code established in accordance with the code of National Education Ministry dated June of National Education Ministry dated June 2nd 1993 with the number 12633. In its 2nd 1993 with the number 12633. In its first educational year (1992-1993) first educational year (1992-1993) Natural Sciences, Social Sciences, Natural Sciences, Social Sciences, Turkish, Mathematics, Foreign Language Turkish, Mathematics, Foreign Language and General Culture fields were provided and General Culture fields were provided in general high school program which in general high school program which was set as course pass and credit was set as course pass and credit system. In 1995-1996 educational year system. In 1995-1996 educational year this school has been turned to multi this school has been turned to multi purpose high school that also provides purpose high school that also provides occupational education. Its courses are occupational education. Its courses are deployed with printed course materials deployed with printed course materials and radio-television programs. Moreover and radio-television programs. Moreover students are provided with the academic students are provided with the academic supervision and application in some of supervision and application in some of the provinces.the provinces.


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Other distance education Other distance education applications in Turkey…applications in Turkey…

Open Primary School (OPS) has been Open Primary School (OPS) has been established in accordance with the established in accordance with the official approval (with the number official approval (with the number 1651) of National Education Ministry’s 1651) of National Education Ministry’s Department for the Management of Department for the Management of Education with Radio-Television in Education with Radio-Television in September 15th 1997. September 15th 1997.

This aplication is recognized inside the This aplication is recognized inside the body of FRTEB. Open Primary School body of FRTEB. Open Primary School provided distance education service to provided distance education service to the people with the age of 15, primary the people with the age of 15, primary school graduates, people who left school graduates, people who left intermediate schools, people who did intermediate schools, people who did not attend the last three years of not attend the last three years of primary schools, people who primary schools, people who registered to the intermediate schools registered to the intermediate schools in order to finish outside and the in order to finish outside and the people who graduated from foreign people who graduated from foreign schools and officially equated their schools and officially equated their diplomas. diplomas.

This institution ensures extra services This institution ensures extra services and course materials same way as the and course materials same way as the Open High School does.Open High School does.


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Other distance education applications in TurkeyOther distance education applications in Turkey

There are also distance There are also distance education applications take education applications take place in Turkish private place in Turkish private sector under supervision of sector under supervision of National Education Ministry. National Education Ministry. This is the Fono Institution This is the Fono Institution of Open Education which of Open Education which was founded in accordance was founded in accordance with the Official Decision of with the Official Decision of National Education Ministry National Education Ministry with the number 420-5-with the number 420-5-2300. 2300.

This firm disposes foreign This firm disposes foreign language and occupation language and occupation courses that are based on courses that are based on main course books around a main course books around a thousand pages. The thousand pages. The principal of self learning principal of self learning without fatigue is aimed on without fatigue is aimed on coursecourse


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ReReferences…ferences…

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Many Many thanks thanks

each of youeach of you forfor

participating participating my session my session

and and many many

greetings greetings from Turkeyfrom Turkey


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WORKSHOP ON GLOBAL UNIVERSITY SYSTEM & E-LEARNING 1 9 October 2006, Thursday

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