12/10/2009 1 Present Status & Action Plan on Solar Cooling Dr. A. K. Singhal Director Ministry of New & Renewable Energy Government of India Website: www.mnre.gov.in Workshop on Solar Cooling October 5, 2009 Background • Keeping in view the Solar Mission coming up under PM’s NAP on Climate Change,solar cooling & refrigeration has been kept as thrust area of Ministry • Solar cooling is most relevant for India due to increasing demand for energy, shortage of power & abundant sunshine. • About 35000 MW of electricity being consumed for cooling. • Applications include domestic refrigeration, comfort cooling in various sectors, industrial refrigeration/ process cooling, cold storages, vaccine storages in PHCs etc. • Capacity range of systems varies from few Watts to thousand kWs. • Vast potential for solar cooling / air conditioning systems to cater all the above sectors. • Solar cooling is, however, an emerging technology & faces many growth barriers, which are different from other heating and cooking technologies.
Transcript
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Present Status & Action Planon Solar Cooling
Dr. A. K. SinghalDirector
Ministry of New & Renewable Energy Government of India
Website: www.mnre.gov.in
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Workshop on Solar CoolingOctober 5, 2009
Background
• Keeping in view the Solar Mission coming up under PM’s NAP on Climate Change,solar cooling & refrigeration has been kept as thrust area of Ministry
• Solar cooling is most relevant for India due to increasing demand for energy, shortage of power & abundant sunshine.
• About 35000 MW of electricity being consumed for cooling. • Applications include domestic refrigeration, comfort cooling
in various sectors, industrial refrigeration/ process cooling, cold storages, vaccine storages in PHCs etc.
• Capacity range of systems varies from few Watts to thousand kWs.
• Vast potential for solar cooling / air conditioning systems to cater all the above sectors.
• Solar cooling is, however, an emerging technology & faces many growth barriers, which are different from other heating and cooking technologies.
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Suitable Technologies
• Vapour Absorption Machines working on Solar Concentrating technologies / Heat Pipe Collectors
• Solid Sorption ‘Dry’ Technologies/ Desiccant Cooling Systems using Solar Heat Collectors
• Vapour Compressor Machines using Solar Photovoltaics (Standalone/ Hybrid)
• Hybrid Vapour Compressor Systems using Solar Heat Collectors
Technologies need to be efficient, cost effective, reliable & compact in size
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Present Status
Vapour Absorption Technology• VAMs of larger capacities & solar collectors mainly
Scheffler dishes & Heat pipes available to some extent• Improvements in efficiency & cost reduction in both,
however, is always an issue• Scheffler dishes being made in India by 5-6 manufacturers.• A few demonstration projects on solar air conditioning
installed or are under installation • Scheffler dishes already in use for solar steam cooking.
Over 50 systems in operation. Up to 50% support to non profit making & 35% to profit making bodies available
• Heat pipe collectors need to be imported. Smaller systems of 2 to 15 kW based on Heat pipes available abroad & being supplied by some companies
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Demonstration Projects
Using Scheffler Dishes
- 100 TR system under installation at Muni Sewa Ashram, near Vadodara. Expected to save 80% of firewood in boiler.
- 92 TR plant installed at TVS Suzuki factory near Chennai & is under testing.
- 160 TR system based on vapour absorption & desiccant cooling under installation at a hospital run by MC, Thane
- 30 TR plant dishes under installation at M/s Magnetic Mareli Power Train India, Gurgaon
• 25 TR unit using imported heat pipes under use for last three years at M/s Mamata Energy, Ahmedabad
• Large size dishes of 160 sq. m size with fully automatic tracking device also developed indigenously & being installed on demonstration basis for process heat application. Could be adapted for cooling also.
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Scheffler Dish for cooking in a hostel at Pune
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Solar steam cooking system at Tirupati for 15,000 people
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Solar system of 92 TR air-conditioning plant at TVS Suzuki Factory, near Chennai
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Fully automati-callytracked dish of 160 sq. m. size
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Present Status
Solid sorption ‘dry’ & other technologies• Systems based on solid sorbents with different sorbent-
refrigerant pairs e.g. Silica gel-Water, Carbon-Ammonia, etc are being actively considered globally.
• Some demonstration systems built & in operation. Silica gel-water systems available abroad commercially, even though to a limited extent. The systems can be feasible for small capacity & mobile/ portable systems.
Other technologies include� Vapour jet (Ejector) cooling, Open cycle desiccant systems
& ��� operated vapour compression systems
� While sporadic efforts have been made to build & test these systems, there are no major headway to bring them to demonstration / commercial levels.
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R&D gaps & work required to be taken up
• Smaller VAMs of 1 to 15 TR not readily available indigenously. Limited models in abroad. Needs to be developed.
• Machines with higher capacities need improvements for higher COPs, so as to require lesser energy at higher temperature.
• Parabolic trough & Heat pipe based technologies not available in country. Need development.
• Integrated energy storage technologies e.g heat storage, cool storage or refrigerant storage needs standardization.
• Manufactures of available technologies are very limited.
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R&D gaps & work required to be taken up
• Air-cooled systems with high temperature lift to remove the need for wet cooling towers requires R&D.
• Optimum designing, standardization & integration of various components of solar cooling systems need to be done using available knowledge base.
• Energy storage technologies e.g. hot water, chilled water, phase change materials, refrigerant storage etc. require development at commercial levels.
• Design guidelines & proven operation and maintenance concepts to be prepared.
• Advanced modeling simulation tools in order to support system planning and design to be prepared.
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Recent Developments on Concentrating Solar Technologies
• 50 sq. m. size Scheffler Dish with improved tracking & heat storage developed by Brahmakumaris
• Fully automatic tracked paraboloid dish of 20 sq. m. developed & demonstrated at lab scale in IIT, Chennai. Technology being transferred to various industries.
• 90 sq. m. dish under development at Biotech Park, Hyderabad in association with IIT, Chennai
• Parabolic trough technology being developed by- M/s Maharishi Solar, Delhi in collaboration with Abengoa
Solar, Spain- M/s Jindals in association with IIT, Chennai- M/s Ultra Conserve (P) Ltd at Mumbai
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50 sq. m. Scheffler Dish developed by Brahmakumaris, Mount Abu
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20 sq. m. paraboloid dish developed at lab scale in IIT, Chennai.
90 sq. m. dish under development at Biotech Park, Hyderabad
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Solar cooling projects under implementation & in Pipeline
Ongoing projects
• Solar Assisted lab scale refrigeration unit based on NH3- BaCl2 absorption cycle by SPRERI, V.V. Nagar, Gujarat
• 3 tonne energy efficient & cost effective liquid desiccant based multiutility heat pump for residential & commercial applications using solar heat collectors by IIT, Bombay
• Development of suitable of solar cooling systems for urban & rural applications by TERI under APP programme
Projects in pipeline• Design, development and demonstration of i) 100kW system using
concentrating solar technology with highest possible COP of VAM for large commercial establishments & ii) 15 kW and 5 kW systems based on air cooled Vapor Sorption units for residential & small commercial establishments by M/s Thermax, Pune
• Prototype development & performance evaluation of solar desiccant system using membrane technology in the range of below 10TR by IIT, Delhi.
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Proposed Action Plan
• Invite R&D proposals through MNRE website from competitive industry/ technical institutions on consortium & cost sharing basis indicating the areas of required research.
• Specific institutions & industries to be identified to develop proposals in areas of their competence. Thrust to be given on reverse engineering of commercially available models in abroad.
• Invite proposals for field installations through MNRE website from institutions/ commercial establishments as per scheme provisions.
• Conduct Workshops/ training programme involving R&D Institutions & industries, to exchange views & to arrive at design configurations.
• Include heat pipe & other solar technologies for cooling in the existing scheme Or develop a new scheme on solar cooling to cover all suitable technologies with required financial support.
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Proposed Action Plan
• Proposed support till 2015
- 50% of cost of solar system to non - profit making & 35% to profit making bodies as per existing MNRE scheme where solar systems are to be hooked up with existing cooling machines.
- Higher support for newer systems on reducing basis to larger capacity machines
• Support to be shifted to Saving Based Incentive after 2015• Introduction of mandatory provision of making some minimum
percentage of energy requirement for cooling in institutional, commercial and industrial sectors through solar energy.
• Import of a few commercially available small capacity solar air conditioning systems for residential & small commercial establishments to study their performance at technical institutions in different climatic zones of country.
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Development Goals
• To develop & promote solar air conditioning systems in the capacity range of 1 TR to say 100 TR for applications in domestic, commercial and industrial sectors
• To develop & promote solar cooling systems for cold storage of perishable foods such as milk, fish, fruits, vegetables, etc.
• To develop & promote small portable refrigerators for vaccine storage in PHCs & also for domestic applications in residential sector
The systems developed need to be green, efficient, reliableand cost effective. Stand-alone systems with simple operational & maintenance protocols will be needed for rural and remote deployment.
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Proposed Targets
Targets
• Development & demonstration of suitable technologies for different sectors – till 2015
• Installation of plants on existing & newly developed technologies
By 2012: 5,000 TR of solar cooling projectsBy 2017 : 25,000 TR -do-By 2020 : 50,000 TR -do-
Coverage
• Comfort air-conditioning of small & large commercial establishments, Government buildings and institutions;
• Industrial process cooling and • Rural cold storages
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Budget Estimate & savings
Budget
For retrofitting : Rs. 125 croreFor new systems : Rs. 185 crore� Sub Total : Rs. 310 croreRD & D projects & promotional efforts : Rs. 90 crore
Total : Rs. 400 croreSavings
Assuming 25,000 TR through electricity & another 25,000 TR through diesel savings with life of system around 20 years
Electricity saving : 1050 million unitsDiesel savings : 350 million liters
