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Workshop To Raise Awareness of Prevent Nahida Shaikh Prevent Coordinator Partnership Community Safety Team Brighton & Hove 30 th November 2015
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Page 1: Workshop To Raise Awareness of Prevent · 2018-09-14 · Case Study – David Copeland ... Mental Health: five psychiatrists diagnosed him as having paranoid schizophrenia and a consultant

Workshop To Raise Awareness of Prevent

Nahida Shaikh

Prevent Coordinator

Partnership Community Safety Team Brighton & Hove

30th November 2015

Page 2: Workshop To Raise Awareness of Prevent · 2018-09-14 · Case Study – David Copeland ... Mental Health: five psychiatrists diagnosed him as having paranoid schizophrenia and a consultant

By the end of this session you will be able to:

Better understand Prevent Strategy, its links with Safeguarding and your role within it

Better able to recognise those who are vulnerable to terrorism and may need support

recognise why some people are able to influence and manipulate others to commit crimes

Better understand threats and risks both nationally and locally

Better understand referral mechanisms and the role of ‘Channel’ multi-agency approach to support individuals vulnerable to being drawn into terrorism

Better understand the legal framework and ‘Prevent Duty’

Outcomes

Page 3: Workshop To Raise Awareness of Prevent · 2018-09-14 · Case Study – David Copeland ... Mental Health: five psychiatrists diagnosed him as having paranoid schizophrenia and a consultant

Contest Strategy

Contest: Four Work Streams – 4 P’s

Prevent Strategy Objectives: Three I’s

Understanding Vulnerabilities

Actions To Take Procedures in your organisation

Channel – Supporting Individuals Vulnerable to Being Drawn Into Terrorism

Structure - Part I

Page 4: Workshop To Raise Awareness of Prevent · 2018-09-14 · Case Study – David Copeland ... Mental Health: five psychiatrists diagnosed him as having paranoid schizophrenia and a consultant

Terrorism is an action that endangers or causes serious violence to a person/people; causes serious damage to property; or seriously interferes or disrupts an electronic system. The use or threat must be designed to influence the government or to intimidate the public and is made for the purpose of advancing a political, religious or ideological cause (Terrorism Act, 2000).

Three Elements:

Action / Threats of Action

Target at which the action is directed at

Underlying purpose

Terrorism - Definition

Page 5: Workshop To Raise Awareness of Prevent · 2018-09-14 · Case Study – David Copeland ... Mental Health: five psychiatrists diagnosed him as having paranoid schizophrenia and a consultant

July 2011 - updated version of CONTEST –

CON / TE / ST

COuNter TErrorism STrategy

‘To reduce the risk to the UK and its interests overseas from international terrorism, so that people can go about their lives freely and with confidence’.

CONTEST - Aims

Page 6: Workshop To Raise Awareness of Prevent · 2018-09-14 · Case Study – David Copeland ... Mental Health: five psychiatrists diagnosed him as having paranoid schizophrenia and a consultant

• Stop Terrorist Attacks

• Pursue terrorist and those who sponsor them Pursue

•The public and UK interest •Strengthen our borders and infrastructure Protect

• Mitigate its impact

• Business continuity Prepare

• Stop people becoming terrorist or supporting terrorism

• Challenge non-violent extremism Prevent

Contest – Four P’s

Page 7: Workshop To Raise Awareness of Prevent · 2018-09-14 · Case Study – David Copeland ... Mental Health: five psychiatrists diagnosed him as having paranoid schizophrenia and a consultant

Prevent – Pre Criminal CT Space – Base Of The Iceberg

Attacks

Criminal and non-criminal activity

Page 8: Workshop To Raise Awareness of Prevent · 2018-09-14 · Case Study – David Copeland ... Mental Health: five psychiatrists diagnosed him as having paranoid schizophrenia and a consultant

Prevent Strategy - Aims

On 7th June 2011 the Home Secretary

launched the reviewed and re-focused Prevent Strategy – covering all forms of extremisms

and terrorisms.

To ‘stop people becoming terrorists

or supporting terrorism’.

Page 9: Workshop To Raise Awareness of Prevent · 2018-09-14 · Case Study – David Copeland ... Mental Health: five psychiatrists diagnosed him as having paranoid schizophrenia and a consultant

Respond to the ideological challenge of terrorism and the threat we face from those who

promote it;

Prevent people from being drawn into terrorism and ensure that they

are given appropriate advice and support; and

Work with sectors and institutions where there are

risks of radicalisation which we need to address.

Prevent Objectives - Three I’S

Page 10: Workshop To Raise Awareness of Prevent · 2018-09-14 · Case Study – David Copeland ... Mental Health: five psychiatrists diagnosed him as having paranoid schizophrenia and a consultant

Susceptibilities – Activity 1

What factors could make someone susceptible or vulnerable to carrying out or supporting violent, criminal or terrorist acts?

On your tables come up with at least 6 reasons and then try to group them as emotional or external factors

Page 11: Workshop To Raise Awareness of Prevent · 2018-09-14 · Case Study – David Copeland ... Mental Health: five psychiatrists diagnosed him as having paranoid schizophrenia and a consultant

Factors That Influence

Personal / Emotional Factors Identity (seeking/

confusion )

Loss / Bereavement

Isolation

Lack of theological resilience

Drug / Alcohol abuse

Self Esteem

Personal crisis

External Factors

Peer pressure

Internet

Media (bias)

Foreign policy/ world events

Racism / discrimination

Bullying

Social media – internet, forums

Page 12: Workshop To Raise Awareness of Prevent · 2018-09-14 · Case Study – David Copeland ... Mental Health: five psychiatrists diagnosed him as having paranoid schizophrenia and a consultant

The Risk of Radicalisation

All of us at times may share some of the feelings identified in that activity.

Does not drive most people to terrorism.

Can lead to a sense of injustice - make someone feel isolated, not listened to, an outsider.

These people are vulnerable and need protection, but from what?

Radicalisation

Page 13: Workshop To Raise Awareness of Prevent · 2018-09-14 · Case Study – David Copeland ... Mental Health: five psychiatrists diagnosed him as having paranoid schizophrenia and a consultant

Behaviours – Activity 2

What are the signs that would give you cause for concern?

How do you spot vulnerability?

It is positive to be able to discuss and debate views and concerns and challenge perceptions at college

Emotional

Verbal

Physical/Circumstantial

Page 14: Workshop To Raise Awareness of Prevent · 2018-09-14 · Case Study – David Copeland ... Mental Health: five psychiatrists diagnosed him as having paranoid schizophrenia and a consultant

April 1999 - ‘London Nail Bomber’ A 13- day bombing campaign – killed 3 and injured 129 Targeted ethnic minorities (Black, Bangladeshi) and Gay

communities No warnings were given Inspired by the British Neo-Nazi ‘National Socialist

Movement’, a splinter of Combat 18 (C18 – armed wing)/ Blood and Honour (Neo-Nazi group)

Believed in white master race and ethnic cleansing of Britain

Sought to spark a race war He was convicted of murder and was sentenced to six life

terms.

Case Study – David Copeland

Page 15: Workshop To Raise Awareness of Prevent · 2018-09-14 · Case Study – David Copeland ... Mental Health: five psychiatrists diagnosed him as having paranoid schizophrenia and a consultant

Extremist material: right-wing propaganda material at home.

Lack of trust in political structures and civil society

Mental Health: five psychiatrists diagnosed him as having paranoid schizophrenia and a consultant concluded he had a personality disorder. Had told his GP he was losing control of his mind a few months before his first attack.

Low self esteem, personal Identity & social exclusion: he was known to have issues about his height and his inability to form a relationship with women led to accusations among his peer group that he was homosexual.

Case Study – David Copeland

Page 16: Workshop To Raise Awareness of Prevent · 2018-09-14 · Case Study – David Copeland ... Mental Health: five psychiatrists diagnosed him as having paranoid schizophrenia and a consultant

Action Plan

Notice

Check

Share Reflect on video – what was noticed, checked,

shared?

Who to share any Safeguarding concern with in your School / College / Organisation / Team

Page 17: Workshop To Raise Awareness of Prevent · 2018-09-14 · Case Study – David Copeland ... Mental Health: five psychiatrists diagnosed him as having paranoid schizophrenia and a consultant

Education and Health Sectors – recommended that Prevent responsibilities sit alongside Safeguarding responsibilities and lead

A senior management level oversight of Prevent responsibilities at the organisational level

If needed, discuss this in your team / organisation and agree an internal protocol to escalate your concerns

Agree protocols to share these concerns with MASH or Prevent Team appropriately

Procedures Within Your Organisation

Page 18: Workshop To Raise Awareness of Prevent · 2018-09-14 · Case Study – David Copeland ... Mental Health: five psychiatrists diagnosed him as having paranoid schizophrenia and a consultant

Channel - Supporting Vulnerable Individuals – Process In City

Multi-Agency Safeguarding Programme

Similar to other arrangements e.g. safeguarding children, domestic violence etc.

Operates in a pre criminal CT space

Voluntary engagement

Placed on statutory footing since 12th April 2015

Referral Received

PCM meeting

Initial CMIS

assessment

Multi-Agency panel

Review and

Monitoring

Exit

Page 19: Workshop To Raise Awareness of Prevent · 2018-09-14 · Case Study – David Copeland ... Mental Health: five psychiatrists diagnosed him as having paranoid schizophrenia and a consultant

Identify individuals at risk of being drawn

into terrorism or terrorist-related

activities

Assess the nature and extent of that

risk

Develop the most appropriate support plan for the individuals concerned

•Universal Support / Mainstream Intervention(s)

•Specialist Intervention(s) e.g. Mentoring, Theological support.

Channel Multi-Agency Panel

Page 20: Workshop To Raise Awareness of Prevent · 2018-09-14 · Case Study – David Copeland ... Mental Health: five psychiatrists diagnosed him as having paranoid schizophrenia and a consultant

20

Channel - Vulnerability Assessment

Vulnerability

Capability

Engagement Intent

14.Over-identification with a group or cause

15.‘Them and us’ thinking 16. Dehumanisation of the enemy 17. Attitudes that justify offending 18. Harmful means to an end 19. Harmful objectives

20. Individual knowledge, skills or competencies

21. Access to networks, funding or equipment

22.Criminal history

1. Feelings of anger and injustice 2. Feelings of threat and insecurity 3. Need for identity and belonging 4. Need for status 5. Need for excitement and

adventure 6. Dominance and control 7. Susceptibility to indoctrination 8. Political/moral motivation 9. Opportunistic involvement 10. Family or friends support

extremism 11. Transitional periods 12. Group influence and control 13. Mental Health

Page 21: Workshop To Raise Awareness of Prevent · 2018-09-14 · Case Study – David Copeland ... Mental Health: five psychiatrists diagnosed him as having paranoid schizophrenia and a consultant

Nature and Levels of Threat

Understanding Risks:

Travel To The Conflict Zone;

Internet, New Media;

Lone Actors,

Right Wing Extremism

Structure - Part II

Page 22: Workshop To Raise Awareness of Prevent · 2018-09-14 · Case Study – David Copeland ... Mental Health: five psychiatrists diagnosed him as having paranoid schizophrenia and a consultant

The UK Terrorism Threat levels

Subject To Change – See Up to Date Information at:

https://www.mi5.gov.uk/home/about-us/what-we-do/the-threats/terrorism/threat-

levels.html

Page 23: Workshop To Raise Awareness of Prevent · 2018-09-14 · Case Study – David Copeland ... Mental Health: five psychiatrists diagnosed him as having paranoid schizophrenia and a consultant

The CONTEST (and Prevent) Strategy deal with all forms of terrorisms

Continued to identify terrorism as a serious & real threat

The most significant threat coming from terrorist organisations in Syria & Iraq and from Al-Qaida associated groups

Right-wing extremists / terrorist also pose a threat

CONTEST – Nature Of Threats

Page 24: Workshop To Raise Awareness of Prevent · 2018-09-14 · Case Study – David Copeland ... Mental Health: five psychiatrists diagnosed him as having paranoid schizophrenia and a consultant

Threat, Risk and Vulnerability in Sussex

Increased threat of lone actors (e.g. Woolwich)

Online Influences - Internet, New Media (e.g. Roshonara Choudhry)

Extreme Right Wing (e.g. Pavlo Lapshyn, causing explosions near mosques in the West Midlands )

International terrorism (Nigeria, Somalia, PKK etc.)

Domestic extremism

Page 25: Workshop To Raise Awareness of Prevent · 2018-09-14 · Case Study – David Copeland ... Mental Health: five psychiatrists diagnosed him as having paranoid schizophrenia and a consultant

Some of the Britons who have died Fighting in the Middle East

One British fighter killed in Syria and Iraq every three weeks, Kings College, London study

23 Britons are believed to have died (October 2014)

Increased to 70 Britons (in September 2015)

Page 26: Workshop To Raise Awareness of Prevent · 2018-09-14 · Case Study – David Copeland ... Mental Health: five psychiatrists diagnosed him as having paranoid schizophrenia and a consultant

Changing Picture Friends -Hassan Munshi &Talha Asmal

Twins - Salma & Zahra Halane

Page 27: Workshop To Raise Awareness of Prevent · 2018-09-14 · Case Study – David Copeland ... Mental Health: five psychiatrists diagnosed him as having paranoid schizophrenia and a consultant

'Syria-bound' Bradford Women and Children (3 – 34 years)

12 members of the Dawood family, who travelled from Bradford to Saudi Arabia on 28th May 2015

Zohra Dawood, Khadiga Bibi Dawood and Sugra Dawood, who are feared to have travelled to war-torn Syria

Page 28: Workshop To Raise Awareness of Prevent · 2018-09-14 · Case Study – David Copeland ... Mental Health: five psychiatrists diagnosed him as having paranoid schizophrenia and a consultant

Risk Of Travel To The Conflict Zone Continues

Importance of Connections – Whom You Know

Horizontal Recruitment

Role of Peer Leader

Role of Facilitators

Change in the profile of travellers nationally - from Men to Women to (small number of) Families

Role Of Social Media

Page 29: Workshop To Raise Awareness of Prevent · 2018-09-14 · Case Study – David Copeland ... Mental Health: five psychiatrists diagnosed him as having paranoid schizophrenia and a consultant

Role of Internet / Social Media

Twitter

Facebook

Instagram

Tumblr

Ask.Fm

Private Messaging – Kik, Surespot, Viber, WhatsApp

Various platforms used

ISIS supporters

Highly Active and Vocal on Twitter

Regularly sharing material through:

Justpaste.it

Archive.org

Internet as a disseminator of Ideology; ‘Echo Chamber’, and impact on social relations / behaviour

Page 30: Workshop To Raise Awareness of Prevent · 2018-09-14 · Case Study – David Copeland ... Mental Health: five psychiatrists diagnosed him as having paranoid schizophrenia and a consultant

British Women Travellers To Syria

Push Factors:

Isolated, Identity, belonging

International Muslim community is persecuted

Anger, sadness, frustration

Foreign policy, media, & Islamophobia feature prominently in social media

Pull Factors: Idealistic goals / duty

Belonging & sisterhood

Romanticisation of experience

Officially – Women valued, instrumental role

e.g. ‘Dabiq’ (ISIS magazine – illegal material) – ‘Sisters of IS’ Article

Allowing women voice in recruitment

Saltman & Smith (2015)

Page 31: Workshop To Raise Awareness of Prevent · 2018-09-14 · Case Study – David Copeland ... Mental Health: five psychiatrists diagnosed him as having paranoid schizophrenia and a consultant

Diverse phenomenon composed of different groups and movements with varying ideologies

Definition a key challenge - various definitions and meanings

Cas Mudde found 26 definitions of right-wing extremism containing 57 different ideological features.

Five key features: nationalism, racism, xenophobia, anti-democracy and strong state/ authoritarianism (Cas Mudde, 1995, 2007)

Right Wing Extremism – Terminology Challenge

Page 32: Workshop To Raise Awareness of Prevent · 2018-09-14 · Case Study – David Copeland ... Mental Health: five psychiatrists diagnosed him as having paranoid schizophrenia and a consultant

Far Right

Shared Agenda

Historical and contextual differences

Yet share an agenda of radical change to national policies

Chiefly on themes of: immigration, religion, national culture …

A radical form of patriotism or nationalism

Seeks some sort of national or racial ‘purification’

From ‘Racial’ to ‘Cultural Nationalism’

Nation defined in terms of shared culture, values and history (e.g. Anders Breivik)

‘Counter-Jihad’

(contentious term): anti-Muslim (e.g. Defence Leagues)

‘Neo-Nazi’ : anti-Semitic

Page 33: Workshop To Raise Awareness of Prevent · 2018-09-14 · Case Study – David Copeland ... Mental Health: five psychiatrists diagnosed him as having paranoid schizophrenia and a consultant

Cultural nationalism’s first terrorist Rejected Nazism and race nationalism Considered himself to be part of a growing anti-Islam

milieu in Europe Believed in cultural Marxist plot ‘to deconstruct European

culture and institutions’ ‘Western societies now governed by politically-correct

elites (Cultural Marxists) who since WWII have systematically deconstructed traditional Western values and allowed a massive influx of Muslim immigration’

Too late to respond democratically, armed revolution and terrorism only option

Also believes in ‘coming war’ Biggest concern not Muslims, but these ‘cultural traitors’,

and they were his primary targets.

Case Study – Anders Breivik

Page 34: Workshop To Raise Awareness of Prevent · 2018-09-14 · Case Study – David Copeland ... Mental Health: five psychiatrists diagnosed him as having paranoid schizophrenia and a consultant

‘Radicalisation is usually a process not an event.

During that process it is possible to intervene to prevent vulnerable people

being drawn into terrorist-related activity’

(Source: Prevent Strategy, 2011)

Incremental Process

Page 35: Workshop To Raise Awareness of Prevent · 2018-09-14 · Case Study – David Copeland ... Mental Health: five psychiatrists diagnosed him as having paranoid schizophrenia and a consultant

Structure – Part III

Referring Vulnerable Individuals To Channel For Support in Brighton & Hove

Reporting Suspicious Activities/ Concerns

http://www.safeinthecity.info/getting-help/preventing-terrorism-and-extremism

Page 36: Workshop To Raise Awareness of Prevent · 2018-09-14 · Case Study – David Copeland ... Mental Health: five psychiatrists diagnosed him as having paranoid schizophrenia and a consultant

For Children and Young People 17 years and under:

Refer Concerns to the Safeguarding/ Prevent Lead in your institution / School / Organisation

Refer concerns to the Multi-Agency Safeguarding Hub – MASH on (01273) 290400.

MASH will relay safeguarding concerns that fall within the scope of ‘Prevent’ work to the Prevent Team at the Sussex Police and the Partnership Community Safety Team.

Or Consult the Prevent Officers – see next slide

Referring Individuals To Channel For Support In Brighton & Hove

Page 37: Workshop To Raise Awareness of Prevent · 2018-09-14 · Case Study – David Copeland ... Mental Health: five psychiatrists diagnosed him as having paranoid schizophrenia and a consultant

For Adults 18 years and over Consult with ‘Prevent Officer’ - police community support

officer Thomas Morvantoone on Non-emergency police number 101 ask for ext. 550543 or [email protected]

If appropriate, Email completed Channel Form to the police Channel Coordinator ([email protected]) for screening and copy the PCST for information

If needed, contact Prevent Coordinator, Nahida Shaikh (01273) 290584 at the Brighton & Hove City Council or

[email protected]

Channel Referrals – Over 18 Years Old Brighton & Hove

Page 39: Workshop To Raise Awareness of Prevent · 2018-09-14 · Case Study – David Copeland ... Mental Health: five psychiatrists diagnosed him as having paranoid schizophrenia and a consultant

For Prevent and Channel Concerns Please Email: [email protected] More Information about Sussex Police, contacting police

and your local teams http://www.sussex.police.uk/ More Information about Counter Terrorism and policing http://www.sussex.police.uk/policing-in-sussex/your-community/counter-terrorism-projects

Reporting In Sussex

Page 40: Workshop To Raise Awareness of Prevent · 2018-09-14 · Case Study – David Copeland ... Mental Health: five psychiatrists diagnosed him as having paranoid schizophrenia and a consultant

Prevent

Nahida Shaikh

Prevent Coordinator

Partnership Community Safety Team

(01273) 290584

[email protected]

Any Questions?


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