World Archery Coaching SeminarLondon, GBR

8 - 11 November 2011

The Biomechanics of Gold Medal Shooting

9 November 2011

Oliver LoganEnglish Institute of SportBiomechanist – ArcheryGBEIS Skill Acquisition Lead

Note!

There are many different styles and techniques of shooting. What is presented here is only our thoughts on what works well.

2011 World Archery Coaching Seminar

Discussion Areas

The Biomechanics of Archery

Automatic Technique

Skill Acquisition

2011 World Archery Coaching Seminar

Posture

Good posture is extremely important for:

Balance

String Clearance

Effective posterior chain use

Shooting mechanics

2011 World Archery Coaching Seminar

Posture

An ideal posture would see the centre of gravity of the archer centred between the feet

2011 World Archery Coaching Seminar

2011 World Archery Coaching Seminar

Good Posture Forward Lean Thoracic/Lumbar Extension

2011 World Archery Coaching Seminar

2011 World Archery Coaching Seminar

2011 World Archery Coaching Seminar

2011 World Archery Coaching Seminar

Alignment

Proper alignment is important for a robust consistent competition technique

Allows the forces of the bow to be controlled via bones and joints rather than through the muscles

Creates a more consistent repeatable technique that stands up under pressure

2011 World Archery Coaching Seminar

Alignment –Coronal Plane

2011 World Archery Coaching Seminar

Alignment

2 types of alignment used in world archery

2011 World Archery Coaching Seminar

Alignment

2011 World Archery Coaching Seminar

Energy Stored in Limbs

Draw Force

Direction of Force Line

Alignment

This way primarily uses posterior deltoid muscle to draw and upper trapezius to anchor

2011 World Archery Coaching Seminar

Alignment

2011 World Archery Coaching Seminar

Energy Stored in LimbsDraw Force

Direction of Force Line

Alignment

This way uses more of the scapular muscles such as all of the Trapezius muscle, rhomboids as well as posterior deltoid

2011 World Archery Coaching Seminar

2011 World Archery Coaching Seminar

2011 World Archery Coaching Seminar

Alignment - Sagittal

Again very important that the archer stands up straight and does not lean to the side. The archer should be like a crane

2011 World Archery Coaching Seminar

2011 World Archery Coaching Seminar

2011 World Archery Coaching Seminar

Execution

Consistent execution is the result of a good physical setup, draw and alignment

Execution is the difference between the best and all the rest

Some videos of different execution

2011 World Archery Coaching Seminar

Execution Errors

As the signal from the brain to relax the fingers is sent some of the upper body musculature also relaxes – causing collapse or softness on the shot

Can result from:

Pain response

Not learning the shot properly

Poor alignment

Lack of strength

2011 World Archery Coaching Seminar

Tracking Execution Errors

Can quantify strength of execution via 2D tracking.

6 marker upper body model

Able to provide joint angles, displancements, velocities and accelerations

2011 World Archery Coaching Seminar

What execution looks like

2011 World Archery Coaching Seminar

2011 World Archery Coaching Seminar

Automatic Technique

In archery when shooting at a target the archer has an external focus on:

Aiming

Wind conditions

Time

The archer is not focusing on his/her technique. Therefore if it is not well learnt or automatic then it is more likely to break down

2011 World Archery Coaching Seminar

2011 World Archery Coaching Seminar

Skill Acquisition

2011 World Archery Coaching SeminarReferences

Axford, A. (1995). Archery Anatomy (1st ed.). London UK: Souvenir Press.

Ertan, h., Kental, B., Tumer, S.T., and Korkusuz, F. (2003). Activation patterns in forearm muscles during archery shooting. Human Movement Science, 22, 37-45

Ertan, H. (2009). Muscular activation patterns of the bow arm in recurve archery. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 12, 357-360.

Lin, Jiu-Jenq, Hung, Cheng-Ju, Yang, Ching-Ching, Chen, Hsing-Yu, Chou, Feng-Ching and Lu, Tung-Wu (2010). Activation and tremor of the shoulder muscles to the demands of an archery task. Journal of Sports Sciences, 28: 4, 415-421.

Leroyer, P., Hoecke, V., and Helal, N. (1993). Biomechanical study of the final push-pull in archery. Journal of Sports Sciences, 11, 63-69

Mann, D. L., and Littke, N. (1989). Shoulder injuries in archery. Canadian Journal of Sports Sciences, 14. 85-92.

Nishizono, H., Shibayama, H., Izuta, T., and Saito, K. (1987). Analysis of archery shooting techniques by means of electromyography. International society of biomechanics in sports. Proceedings. Symposium V (pp. 365-371). Athens, Greece.

Park. J., and Larven. J. (2007) Archery Australia Shooting Technique: Biomechanics.

Schmid, M., Schieppati, M., and Pozzo, T. (2006). Effect of fatigue on the precision of a whole-body pointing task. Neuroscience, 139, 909-920.

Logan, O. (2011). A framework for technical modification: an archery case example. The Sport and Exercise Scientist: the official publication of the British Association of Sport and Exercise Sciences. (29).

Masters, R.S.W. and Maxwell, J.P. (2004). 'Implicit motor learning, reinvestment and movement disruption: What you don't know won't hurt you?'. In Williams, A.M. and Hodges, N.J. (eds) Skill Acquisition in Sport: Research, Theory and Practice. Routledge: London

Masters, R.S.W. (2008). 'Skill learning the implicit way - say no more!'. In Farrow, D., Baker, J. and MacMahon C. ‘Developing Sport Expertise: Researchers and Coaches Put Theory Into Practice.’ Routledge: London

Porter, J.M and Magill, R.A. (2010). 'Systematically increasing contextual interference is beneficial for learning sports skills'. Journal of Sports Sciences, (28): 1277-1285.

Schmid, M., Schieppati, M., and Pozzo, T. (2006). Effect of fatigue on the precision of a whole-body pointing task. Neuroscience, 139, 909-920.

Thank you…

Ready to answer your questions!