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Transformation through TourismAFRICA REGION TOURISM STRATEGY:
Africa is on the moveAfrica is poised for a growth takeoff,
much as India was 20 years ago and
China was 30 years ago.
The Africa region is on the move
Real GDP rose 4.9% each year from 2000 to 2008, faster than the 3% global average.
At US$1.6 trillion, the collective GDP of Africa is almost equal to that of Brazil or Russia.
Intra-regional cooperation is increasing.
Armed conflicts have declined, democracy is on the rise, macroeconomic conditions have improved, and microeconomic reform is underway across the region.
Africa has experienced unprecedented economic growth over the last five years.
This is the Need > New jobs
There are currently more than 200 million unemployed young people in Sub Saharan Africa and 10 million more job seekers every year.
The Africa Finance and Private Sector Development unit aims to create 130 million jobs by 2020, increase productivity, involve young people, and lay the foundations for BRIC-style development.
Tourism is a catalyst for this positive change.
new jobsNEED
This is the Opportunity > Why Tourism
Tourism is an effective tool for job creation, development, and economic growth.
in 2010, tourism worldwide will generate:
OF THE
WORLD’s
SERVICE
EXPORTS30%
OF TOTAL
WORLD
EXPORTS6%
OF ALL ECONOMIC ACTIVITY
OF ALL
JOBS6%-7%
5%and
This is the Opportunity > Why Tourism
Tourism is one of the largest and fastest growing sectors of the world economy.
The share of international tourist arrivals received by emerging and developing regions has increased from 32% in 1990 to 47% in 2009.
In 2007, tourists spent US$295 billion in developing countries, almost three times the total of international development assistance.
The Transformational Effect of Tourism:Thailand (1960–2005)
10,000
0
9,000
8,000
7,000
6,000
5,000
4,000
3,000
2,000
1,000
1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Vis
itor R
ecei
pts
(US$
M)
Year
1969Tourism Organization of Thailand set up by the
Thai government
1977-1981Support for tourism to increase foreign exchange earnings and
reduce trade deficit
1982Tax breaks to stimulate
hotel construction
1989-1997Surge in foreign direct
investment and in public investment in infrastructure
tourism in thailand:
OF GDP
6%OF THE WORKFORCE
15%-20%EMPLOYS
Demand for Africa’s tourism products keeps growing.
Arrivals to Sub Saharan Africa have grown over 300% since 1990.
From a small base of just 6.7 million visitors in 1990, Sub Saharan Africa (SSA) attracted 28.1 million visitors in 2009.
For the past three years, tourism to SSA has been growing faster than to any other region in the world.
Africa was the only region whose tourism arrivals grew during the global economic crisis.
This is the Opportunity > Why Tourism in SSA > demand
From a small base of just 6.7 million visitors in 1990, Sub Saharan Africa (SSA) attracted 28.1 million visitors in 2009.
For the past three years, tourism to SSA has been growing faster than in any other region in the world. Between 2007 and 2008, tourist arrivals to Africa increased by 4.4%, more than double the world average for that period. Between 2008 and 2009, tourist arrivals to Sub Saharan Africa increased by 3.4% at a time when the world average was –4.2%. Africa was the only region whose tourism sector grew during the world economic recession.
1990 2009
28.16.7
mill
ions
of v
isito
rs to
SSA
Tourism is complex. It needs to be managed.
When tourism growth goes unmanaged the result can be:
unsustainable use of natural, cultural, and social asset base
increased crime, income inequality, and the mistreatment of women and children
increased reliance on imported goods and services
There are risks involved in tourism development, but the risks of not being involved are greater.
This is the Opportunity > Why Tourism in SSA > potential
Vast tourism resources can become economically productive assets.
businesstourism
nature/adventure tourism
cultural heritage tourism
safari tourism
beachtourism
intra-regional tourism
Diasporatourism
This is the Opportunity > Why Tourism
ADVANTAGE Managed sustainably, tourism is an effective development tool.
Foreign Exchange Earnings
Cross-sector Linkages
SME Growth
Diversificationof Exports
BiodiversityConservation
SocialInclusion andOther Social
Benefits
PovertyAlleviation
CulturalHeritageBenefits
Technologyand SkillsTransfer
Direct andIndirect
Employment
TOU
RISM
GRO
WTH
One in twenty of all jobs in SSA are in travel and tourism.
Women manage more than 50% of hospitality businesses in SSA.
In Mali, Ethiopia, Lesotho, Tanzania, and Uganda women make up more than 70% of hotel and restaurant employees.
Experience shows tourism creates productive employment for young people; 43% of tourism employees in the EU are under 35 years old.
This is the Opportunity > Why Tourism in SSA > what tourism can do
OPPORTUNITY new jobs
The vision is Transformation through Tourism :Harnessing tourism for growth and improved livelihoods.
The Africa Region Tourism Strategy provides a framework to address persistent constraints.
From Constraints to Interventions > Framework (here are the interventions)
POLI
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SUCCESSFUL TOURISM SECTORS
STRONG FOUNDATIONHealth, Safety, Security, Political Support
INSTITUTIONAL WEAKNESSES
UNPREDICTABLE BUSINESS ENVIRONMENTS
INADEQUATE ACCESS
PRICE/VALUE MISMATCH
LOW LEVEL OF LINKAGES
CONSTRAINTS AFRICA REGION TOURISM STRATEGY
From Constraints to Interventions > Framework (here are the interventions)
POLICY REFORMS 1
Goal:To achieve a positive business enabling environment through policy reforms.
What we will offer:Policy and regulatory framework assistance, tourism monitoring assistance, public/private dialogue, advanced research, sector diagnostics, rapid tourism assessments, crisis response and recovery.
POLI
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ESSUCCESSFUL TOURISM SECTOR
STRONG FOUNDATIONHealth, Safety, Security, Political Support
CAPA
CITY
BU
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PRO
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PETI
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PRIV
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ESSUCCESSFUL TOURISM SECTORS
STRONG FOUNDATIONHealth, Safety, Security, Political Support
From Constraints to Interventions > Framework (here are the interventions)
CAPACITY BUILDING 2
Goal:To empower client country tourism ministries, boards, associations, and stakeholders to provide quality service and make better use of tourism knowledge and information.
What we will offer:Technical assistance, south-south exchanges, MSME training, technical/vocational education, institutional capacity assessments, and entrepreneurship initiatives.
POLI
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CAPA
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ESSUCCESSFUL TOURISM SECTOR
STRONG FOUNDATIONHealth, Safety, Security, Political Support
POLI
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RMS
PRO
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ESSUCCESSFUL TOURISM SECTORS
STRONG FOUNDATIONHealth, Safety, Security, Political Support
From Constraints to Interventions > Framework (here are the interventions)
PRIVATE SECTOR LINKAGES 3
Goal:To create forward and backward linkages between tourism and other sectors of the economy to stimulate enterprise development.
What we will offer:Value-chain mapping and analysis, partnership development (PPPs), matching grants for MSMEs, support to professional associations, and access to finance.
POLI
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ESSUCCESSFUL TOURISM SECTOR
STRONG FOUNDATIONHealth, Safety, Security, Political Support
POLI
CY R
EFO
RMS
CAPA
CITY
BU
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PRO
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SUCCESSFUL TOURISM SECTORS
STRONG FOUNDATIONHealth, Safety, Security, Political Support
From Constraints to Interventions > Framework (here are the interventions)
PRODUCT COMPETITIVENESS 4
Goal:To improve access, upgrade infrastructure, and improve destination positioning.
What we will offer:Growth poles and cluster development, product innovation and competitiveness, infrastructure planning and upgrading, marketing assessment and assistance, and partnership development (PPPs).
POLI
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ESSUCCESSFUL TOURISM SECTOR
STRONG FOUNDATIONHealth, Safety, Security, Political Support
POLI
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EFO
RMS
CAPA
CITY
BU
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ESSUCCESSFUL TOURISM SECTORS
STRONG FOUNDATIONHealth, Safety, Security, Political Support
Some countries have been involved in tourism for more than five decades.
Other countries are just emerging as tourism destinations.
Fragile states and transition economies have distinct travel and tourism needs.
Tourism destinations are dynamic and their needs change over time.
Exploration
Involvement
Development
Institutionalization
Stagnationor Release
Rejuvination
Decline
TOU
RIS
M
TIME
Different solutions are needed for different destinations.
World Bank Funded Projects: Case Studies
Indonesia: Bali Tourism Project 1974-1984
Integrated beach and cultural tourism (US$16 million)
Utilized vacant scrub land
Planned and regulated ‘green’ land use
Generated 6,000 direct and 3,000 indirect jobs
Tunisia: Tourism Project 1972-1980
Developed tourism infrastructure in six zones (US$24 million)
Focused on developing entrepreneurial skills
Generated US$276 million of annual foreign exchange earnings
Created 8,700 direct and 8,000 indirect jobs
How Will the Strategy Be Delivered?
DELIVERY platforms
Institutional reforms
Reimbursable technical assistance
Policy notes
Regional forums
South-south exchanges
Cluster planning
Advisory Services
Growth poles
Business enabling environment
PPPs
Capacity building
Tourism product development
Access to finance
Lending
Tourism database
Sector diagnostics
Benchmarking
Economic analysis
Case studies
Knowledge
How We Will Work: Tourism Stages and Interventions
From Constraints to Interventions > What Will Work Best Where?
Pillar
1 Policy Reforms 2 Capacity Building 3 Private Sector Linkages 4 Product
Competitiveness
Stag
e of
Tou
rism
Dev
elop
men
t
CONSOLIDATING
• Tourism monitoring assistance
• Land reform
• Business enabling policy reform
• Public/private dialogue
• Advanced research
• Joint research projects
• South-south exchanges
• Technical/vocational education
• MSME training
• Entrepreneurship initiatives
• Integrated value-chain strengthening
• Partnership development (PPPs)
• Matching grants for MSMEs
• Access to finance
• Growth poles and clusters
• Product innovation and competitiveness projects
• Partnerships
• Infrastructure upgrading
EMERGING
• Sector diagnostics
• Investment policy
• PPP policy
• Business enabling policy
• Implementation research
• Institutional capacity reviews
• Tourism awareness, innovation, and entrepreneurship programs
• Technical/vocational education
• Research and analysis
• MSME training
• Value-chain analysis
• Partnership development (PPPs)
• Sourcing finance
• Growth poles and clusters
• Product development
• Investment promotion
• Partnership development (PPPs)
• Destination positioning assistance
• Infrastructure development
POTENTIAL
• Rapid tourism assessments
• Legislation and regulations
• Investment policy
• Crisis response and recovery
• Institutional capacity assessments
• Tourism awareness, innovation, and entrepreneurship programs
• Skill training
• Workforce planning
• Value-chain mapping
• Partnership development (PPPs)
• Matching grants for MSMEs
• Support to professional associations
• Product inventory
• Product development
• Infrastructure assessment and planning
PRE-EMERGENT• Response to specific requests • Response to specific requests • Response to specific requests • Response to specific requests
Operationalizing Tourism: A Project Profile
• PPPs
• Infrastructure upgrading
• Business reforms
• Access to land
• Support for SMEs
• Product development funds
• Technical / vocational education
• Entrepreneurship
• Public/private dialogue
• Policy reform
• Data collection and analysis
Product Competitiveness
US$10 million
Tourism Business Enabling Environment
US$2 million
Access to Finance
US$6 million
Capacity/Skills Development
US$4 million
Institutional Support
US$3 million
Operationalizing Tourism: Scaling Up Our Impact
2005
US$10m
2010
US$120m
2015
US$500m
Tourism Portfolio(2005-2015)
Tourism Project(US$25 million)
1
10
20
= number of tourism projects
$10m
$2m
$6m
$4m
$3m
Product Competiveness
Business Enabling Environment
Access to Finance
Capacity/Skills Development
Institutional Support
The Strategy in Context
AFR Region
STRATEGY FRAMEWORKFOUR PILLARS ASSISTANCE PLATFORMS
Africa Region FPD
ACHIEVING IMPLEMENTATION
ACTIONS
Development of Strategic
Client Country Relationships
Internal and
External Partnerships
Prioritizing and
Implementing Interventions
Research,Monitoring
and Evaluation
POLI
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PETI
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CAPA
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BU
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SUCCESSFUL TOURISM SECTORS
STRONG FOUNDATIONHealth, Safety, Security, Political Support
FPD Global
PracticesAfricaRegionTourismStrategy
Knowledge
Advisory Services Lending
Making it Happen
People and Resources:
Team of multi-disciplinary experts and analysts focused on tourism
Knowledge base dedicated to policy dialogue
Thematic hub encouraging internal learning
Foundation team for upcoming Global Practice: Industry Competitiveness
Partnerships:
Internal Partners: Sustainable Development, Poverty Reduction and Economic Management, Education, Environment, Transport, Human Development
Across The World Bank Group: IC, IFC, and MIGA
External Partners: UNWTO, UNCTAD, WEF, WTTC, SNV, USAID, DFID, WWF, AWF, and others
To harness tourism for growth and improved livelihoods, Africa can utilize:
How Will the Strategy Be Delivered?
Strategic public investment. This attracts private sector activity and underpins efficient and equitable distribution of tourism’s benefits.
Effective public and private organizations. These catalyze long-term investment and build the trust needed for productive public/private collaboration.
Strong partnerships, continuous commitment, and ongoing monitoring. These are critical to economically productive and sustainable tourism.
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Journey with us!Be a part of Transformation through Tourism.
Africa RegionFinance and Private Sector Development