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~E URN T~ RESTRlICTEDRF-P%",d>RTS DESK Uoport No. TO=446a
ONE WEEW
This report was prepared for use within the Bank and its
afflhiatod organizations.They do not accept responsibility for its
accuracy or completeness. The report moynot be published nor may it
be quoted as representing their views.
INTERNATIONAL BANK FOR RECONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT
INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION
ME KLONG IRRIGATION PROJECT
THAILAND
November 16, 1964
Department of Technical Operations
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CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS
20. 84 bahts (1[) = I dolz.r (USI,TS320. 84 million US $ 1
million
AREA EQUIVALENTS
1 Hectare (ha) = 2. 47 acres1 Hectare = 6. 25 rai
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T H A I L A N D
IE J"LOflG IRRIGATION PROJECT
TABLE OF CU1TTENITS
PAGE NO.
SUMMARY i-ii
I IETRODUCTION 1
II BACKGROUID 1
III THE PROJECT AREA 2Location 2Area 2Climate 3Topography and
Surface Drainage 3Soils 3Present System of Cultivation 4Land Tenure
5Marketing 5Transportation 5Agricultural Production 5
IV t'JATER SUPPLY AND REQUIRE-7iENTS 6
V THE PROJECT 7General 7Proposed Works 7Status of Engineering
9Construction Equipment 10Construction Cost Estimates 10Operation
and Piaintenance Cost Estimates 11Financing 11
VI ORGrANIZATION Nd'D ,1ANAGEJENT 12Construction 12Land
Classification 12Operation and M1aintenance 12Technical Assistance
13Uater Charges 14
VII BENEFITS AND JUSTIFICATION 14
VIII CONCLUSION7S A4D RECOMvENDATIONS 15
ANNEXES:1. Crop Yields, Gross and Net Returns Present and
Future2. Water Supply and iRequirements3. Construction Schedule4.
Estimate of Construction Equipment Required5. Cost Estimate6. Rice
Taxes and Export Price of Rice
Map1. Mie Klong Irrigation Project Stage I
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T H A I L A N D
Mle Klong Irrigation Project
Summary
i. The Government of Thailand has requested a Bank loan to
as:sistin financing the development of an irrigation project on the
I'e KlongRiver in Western Thailand. The poroject proposed for Bank
financing is SStage I comprising about 175,000 ha out of the
proposed ultimate developmentof up to 390,000 ha.
ii. The project would supply a regulated water supply for
riceproduction during the rainy season and for a limited area of
multiple crop-ping of vegetables, fruits, sugar cane and oil seeds
during the dryseason. Other project benefits would involve partial
flood control,improved surface drainage and navigation. With the
regulated water supply,additional surface drainage and improved
cultural techniques, yields wouldbe substantially increased.
iii. The estimated expenditure necessary to complete the
project(Stage I), including costs of construction, pLurchase of
equipment andconsulting services, would be X 1207.0 million (us$
57.9 million) of whichUS$ 22.0 million would be in foreign
exchange. The amount of the proposedBank loan would be US$ 22
million or about 38 percent of the total estimatedcost. The Bank
loan would be used for purchase of equipment, importedmaterials and
consulting services.
iv. Construction and operation of the project would be the
respon-sibility o, the Royal Irrigation Department (RID) of the
iNinistry ofNational Development. Consultants acceptable to the
Bank would be employedby the Thailand Government to assist and to
advise on design and construc-tion procedures. The RID would be
responsible for the operation andmaintenance of the project. There
is currently underway a review of allthe RID's operation and
maintenance activities under the terms of theBank's twfo recent
loans for the Petchburi and Third Chao Phya Projects.
V. A semi-detailed land classification is reouired for all
landsin Stage I as well as lands in the balance of the proposed
development.To accomplish this task in sufficient time to lhave the
necessary dataavailable, RID would employ land classification
consultants or other quali-fied experts satisfactory to the Bank to
expedite the completion of theland classification of the Me Klong
Project. Land Classification andDrainage Units would be maintained
in the RID for supervision and admin-istration of all such work on
RID projects. A foreign technician satis-factory to the Bank has
recently been employed by the RID to advise onall phases of the
land classification and drainage program on the RIDprojects and to
assist in training Thai personnel.
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vi, Technical services to farmers would be reorganized and
intensi-fied. The iviinistry of Agriculture would place a minimum
of 20 extensionoff-cers on the project not later than one year
before water becomesavailable to instruct farmers in irrigation
practices and new culturalmethods and to establish demonstration
areas. Marketing and transportationfacilities are adequate for the
additional production expected to resultfrom Stage I of the
project.
vii. A measure of the economic benefits of the project is an
increasein the annual net value of production of % 135.3 million.
Rice premiumand export taxes on all rice produced would amount to
about % 90.0 million,thus the annual incremental net value would be
about X 225 million. Atthis level the average annual net return on
Stage I investments would beabout 15 percent. If total costs of
construction were charged againstStage I the average annual net
return would still be above 13 percent.
viii. The project is sound and is suitable for a Bank loan ofUS$
22 million. The Borrower would be the Kingdom of Thailand and
anappropriate term would be 20 years, -ncluding a grace period of
six years.
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T H A I L A N D
I,TE KLOiNG ThRIGATIO:I PROJICT
I. I;TRODUCTION
1. *The Government of Thailand has submitted a request for a
Bankloan to assist in financing the development of an irrigation
project onthe Me laong River in w'estern Thailand for the
irrigation of up to390,000 ha.
2. Ai appraisal mission visited Thailand in January and
February,1964 for the purpose of selecting and appraising for
possible iinancingthe first stage in the development of the
proposed project. This reportis based on material and project
reports prepared and supplied by theIloyal Irrigation Department
(RID) of Thailand and on the findings of tnemission.
II. BACKGROUND
3. The He lcIong IRiver is formed by the junction of its two
maintributaries the Kwae iNoi and the Kwae Yai near tle town of
Kanchanaburi.These tributaries rise in the mountains along the
Burma border ana flowin a southeasterly direction through narrow
valleys for a distance ofabout 315 and 380 kiloreters respectively.
A nunmer of damn sites forproject waterstorage have been
investigated on both rivers and construc-tion of storage reservoirs
are contemaplated for future developm.ent ofthe project.
4. The potentials of the ri'e Kiong River were recognized as
earlyas 1905 when a streain gage w;as installed near Ban Pong, and
records havebeen maintained continuously since that time. A number
of consultingengineers and consulting firms have, from t.ime to
time, investigated thestorage and hydroelectric possibilities of
the two main tributaries.Various sites have been selected ordy
later to be abandoned because ofcavernous limestone conditions.
However, there are other storage sitesthat appear favorable and
investigations on these are going forward.
5. Present plans for the development of the 1-iHe Uaong Rtiver
basinhave been formulated by the Royal irrigation Department and
published ina report entitled, "Feasibility Report on the Greater
1:e Klong Kulti-Purpose Project", dated September 1962. This report
proposes that thedevelopment of the Me laong River be undertaken in
three stages:
(a) the construction of a diversion dam and navigation lock cn
theMe Klong River at Tha Muang together with main canals and
distributionsystems on both sides of the river to furnish
irrigation water, mainly
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during the monsoon season, to about 390,OCO ha;
(b) at the end of the fourth year of construction oni Stage I,
workwould be started on Stage II, the construction of a reservoir
on theKwae Noi. The reservoir would serve for flood control and as
storagefor dry season cropping and possibly in the future for some
hydro-polwerdevelopment;
Cc) the construction of a reservoir on the Kwae Yai for
additionalflood control, dry season cropping and future power
developmenit.
6. After studying the feasibility report and reviewing
additionaldata available in Thailand and making a field inspection
of the projectthe mission concluded that a staged development (see
map) slightlyrevised from that pronosed by the RID appeared rnore
desirable for thefollowirng reasons:
(a) although the project appears technically sound the lack
ofbasic data, particuul-arly land classification and drainage
data,dictates that construction of canals and distribution systems
beaporoached more slowly than proposed by RID; in particular, Stage
Ishould be limited to develo-pment of irrigation facilities
for175,000 ha;
(b) because of the lack of land classification and
engi,neerirgdata, it is premature to decide future stages at this
time; and
(c) the length of the construction period of the f4rnt st< :e
wuld bel`ve years as Con,ar-o uith stenIe.rs Ivit L: ,ol rO.;eaed.
This is a
chang_ ;"lich -..ould be desirable from a financial
standpoint.
III. THE PrOii0JECT AeREA
Location
7. The lile KlonIg River Plai:i comprises the southwestern part
of thegreat Central .ilain of Thailand. The i4e Klong portion of
the plain is arnextensive area reaclhing from Kanchanaburi, on the
west where the riveremerges from the hills, south to the Gulf and
also northeast from K'anchana-buri to U-Thong thence south along
the Nakorr Chl.aisri River to the Gulfof Thailanld, covering about
435,000 hectares , of which up to 390,000 hamay be irrigable
depending upon soil conditions and the ciesign of theproposed
irrigation system (see map).
Area
8. The total area now cultivated o01 the plain under present
con-ditions' is albout 282,000 lha. Althouglh reliable inforivtion
about presentcropping piatterns ant' ;.-ields of vario;s crops, is
noli availabie it h;bLsbeen estimated bVr RID that of the 2f2,2 O0
ha no-: .under cultivation, rlorethan 70 percent is under rice
production with the balance devoted to other crops,
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The land now being farmed depenids on rainfall and annual
inunuationfromrr the river during the rainy season. Cnly about
61,000 ha have anyform of irrigation system,
Climate
9. The iie Klong Plain as well as the whole of Thailand has
atropical clinate controlled by two distinct air masses, one moving
infrom the north, the other from the south. The air mass from the
rnorthstarts in October or November and continues until hpril, is
cool andbrings little or no moisture. The southern monsoon begins
in iHay andlasts until October. This air mass is warm and carries
large quantitiesof moisture.
10. Rainfall within the project area is ouite variable,
averagingfor various parts of the area from 900 to over 1200 mm.
per year andfrom 3050 to 50% variation from year to year. Short but
damnaging droughtsoften occur in June and July. Very little
rainfall occurs during themonths of December, January and
February.
11. Annual fluctuations of temperature in the project area
rangefrom 37.50 C (99.50 F) in April to 170 C (62.60 F) in December
and January.The lo-westi daily temperature recorded is 5.50 C
(41.5° F) in January atKanchanaburi wshile the highest temperature
recorded is 42.50 C (1080 F)in April.
Topography and Surface Drainage
12. The project area on the left banlc of the Mle Kiong River
has ageneral slope from west to east. -ear the H,e laong River the
slope ofthe plain is about 1 in 4,000 but this soon changes to a
flatter slopeof about 1 in 10,000 as one proceeds eastward toward
the lKakorn ChaisriRiver, the eastern boundary of the project area.
The area on the rightbank of tne river generally follows the slope
of the river which isabout 1 in 5,000.
13. There are a number of large natural drainage channels on
bothsides of the He Klong River. Those on the left bank drain into
theNakorn Chaisri River while those on the right bank parallel the
riverdown to about the town of Rajburi where by either natural or
artificialmeans they discharge into the Me Klong River for an
outlet to the Gulf.
Soils
14. Soils within the project, from all indications, are
generallyproductive. Lven assuming a minimum of control over the
application of
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irrigation water with improved surface drainaee conditions, the
net returnsfrom crop production should, as a conservative estinate,
be .nore thandoubled as has been demonstrated in the Central Plain.
To attemnpt to forecastproduction beyond this point on the basis of
available data involves toomuch speculatioin. The only soils data
available is a reconnaissance surveywhich subdivides the area into
5 zones on the basis of soil characteristics.Such an exploratory
survey is not adequate as a basis for formulatingcropping patterns
nor for planning an irrigation and drainage system. Fur-thermore,
data concerning present cultivated areas with production
estimatesare generally conceded to be unreliable.
15. On the basis of the reconnaissance soil survey and the
fieldinspection made at the time of project appraisal when numerous
soil boringswere made throughout the proposed project area, it is
concluded that theirrigable area can be divided into three broad
categories: (1) light andmedium textured soil areas (included in
Soil Area "C" Arnex 1) that arewell adapted to a wide range of
crops other than rice such as fruits,vegetables, cotton, oil seeds,
forage, etc.; (2) dense, heavy, very slowlypermeable clay areas
(included in Soil Areas "D" and "G" Annex 1) welladapted to the
production of one rice crop per year; subsurface drainagein these
soils would probably not be economical; (3) soils of thetransition
zones between these twfo extremes comprising medium to
heavytextured soils where drainage would be economical and thus the
productionof more than one crop per year would be possible; such
areas would beadapted to rice followed by another crop of rice or
by crops such asoil seeds, vegetables, forage, etc.
16. Soils in Stage I of the project are limited prinarily
tocategories one and two. There is included about 68,000 ha of
category one,the light and medium textured soils,and the balance or
about 107,00 haof the heavy, slowly permeable clay textured soils.
A more exact delin-eation of the soils of the entire area and of
Stage I is impossiblewithout a semi-detailed land classification,
the carrying out of whichshould be rnade a condition of the loan
for Stage I.
Present System of Cultivation
17. The principal crop is rice which is planted in June and
harvestedin lNovember. With minor exceptions, crop production
within the projectarea depends entirely on rainfall and inundation
from the river during therainy season and consequently droughts are
common particularly in Juneand July. Floods are another hazard to
crop production and losses of from15 percent to 25 percent of the
planted hectarage are not uncommon fromdrought or floods or
both.
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18. The srmall amount of irrigation within the project
area,about 61,000 ha is located mostly adjacent to the river and is
servicedby gravity or in sore instances by pumps fromli the
groundwater. Onlyabout 1,000 ha of irrigated land is in Stage I of
the project. Irrigatedland is devoted to the production of fruits,
veget abies, suga;'canie,coconuts and oil seeds.
Land Tenure
19. Based upon information supplied by the Rice Department
andthe R.I.D., about 70 percent of the farns in the project area
are family-sized, owner operated. The farm unit averages about 5 ha
and is operatedby the owner without hired labor or machinery. Very
few of the farms arelarger than about 10 ha except possibly in the
northwest sector oi theproject and many of these holdings are not
yet cultivated to any greatextent.
h-arketinlg
20. The farmer sells his rice crop, after retaining enough for
hisown consumption and for seed, through private dealers in the
form ofpaddy. These dealers may be itinerant buyers who travel
through the areaor local iaerchants who have sold the farmers goods
on credit. There area number of rice mills in the area and far-ners
also may sell directly tothe mills. Most other crops grown at
present are consumed locally, butsome fruit and vegetables are
marketed in Bangkok. iiarketing facilitiesare fully adequate for
the additional production expected to result fromStage I of the
project
Transportation
21. The project area has good transportation facilities
consistingof railroads, highways and navigable canals and rivers.
Nakorn Pathomabout t he center of the project area is 130 km west
of Bangkok and a goodsurfaced highway and the Southern Railroad
connect these points. Thehighway and railroad both continlue
westward to Ban Pong on the riverwhere both divide with divisions
of both conitinluing north and south al4ngthe left bank o.L the Me
:Klong 2iver. f; number of local roads are alsoavailable in the
area. adequate transportation facilities are availablefor Stage I
of the project.
Agricultural Production
22. Statistics of crop production in the area are not
reliable.Hlowever, based on information available t o the ruission
includinig statisticsof the Rice Department, sampl'e surveys and
the data available on the Chao
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Phya Plain it appears that paddy prociuction under pre-project
conditionsaverages about 1.5 tons per hectare on the mediurn to
heavy texturedsoils. On the lighter textured well drained soils
present yields averageabout 1.0 ton per hectare.
23. On the basis of information furnished by R.I.D. which
wasobtained from the Iinistry of Agriculture and sample surveys in
the areaand on the Chao Phya Plain, the farmer receives an average
of Y 850per metric ton for paddy. Prices paid to the farmers vary
from X 800to $ 1,000 per ton depending on quality and the time of
year at wihichthe paddy is sold.
24. The Government of Thiailand make no direct charge to
fariimers forirrigation *^water, consequently only the value of
seed and cash expensesare included in production costs. Based on
information made availableto the mission which included data from
interviewis with farmers and dataavailable from the Chao Phya P2
ain, production costs under existing con-ditions average about f
325 per ha. See Annex 1 for a summary of projectyields, gross ancl
net returns under present conditions.
IV. IiATER SUPPLY AND RKUIR-IIThTS
25. Records of stream flow on the IMie Klong River have been
takenfor almost 25 years at the site of the proposed diversion daim
and inaddition records are available from 10 other stations on the
river.Studies of these records show that an average annual flow of
13,000 millioncubic meters of runoff can be expected at the
diversion darn site. Duringthe maonsoon season and rice growing
period, extending from June throughCctober, reliable, flows of
approximately 300 c.m.s. or greater are main-tained in the river.
Durir1g other portions of thle year substantiallylower flows occur
in the river particularly during the period Januarythrough aiy when
runoff is generated largely from groundwater and pre-monsoon
showers.
26. A total annual water requirement of approximately 2,960
millioncubic meters would be necessary annually to produce one crop
of rice onthe 390,000 ha that are estimated to be irrigable, to
irrigate 8,000 haof other crops during the dry season and to
maintain a donmstream flow of50 c.m.s. in the river. Ihis is well
below thie average annual runoff of13,000 million cubic meters. It
is safe to conclude that there is amplewater for the 175,000 ha in
Stage I including the 8,000 ha to be used formultiple cropping. See
Annex 2.
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V. THE PPROJECT
General
27. The project wjhich it is proposed the Bank should help
financewould be Stage I of the Me Klong Irrigation Project. It
would providefor regulated irrigation, surface drainage, and
partial flood control to175,000 ha, land classification of the
entire development of about 390,000 haand the investigations and
feasibility studies for the balance of the de-velopment. Stage I
would be completed within five years. The full devel-opment would
provide irrigation and flood protection to an irrigable areaof up
to 390,000 ha and furnish water for dry-season, multiple croppingto
a substantial portion of the land by storing excess flood waters in
tworeservoirs on the tributary streams, the Kwae Yai and the Kwae
Noi whichjoin to form the Me Klong River. The full development
would be constructedin stages extending over a period of 10 or more
years.
28. All resources at the disposal of the Thailand Government
fordevelopment of the Me Klong Project, including a proposed Bank
loan ofUS-`; 22 million equivalent, would be concentrated on Stage
I. Constructionon the remainder of the development would be started
only after completionof land classification and feasibility studies
for the balance of theproposed development, and after satisfactory
progress had been made onthe construction of Stage I.
Proposed Works
29. The principal features of Stage I would include: a
diversionbarrage across the Me Klong River at Tha liuang, 14 km
southeast of thetown of Kanchanaburi; canal intake structures on
the right and left sidesof the River; a main feeder canal to the
left side of the River; main anddistributary canals to the
irrigated area on the left side of the River;a flood protection
dike 98 km long extending along the left bank of theRiver from the
barrage to the Dam Nern Saduak canal below the southernboundary of
the project; a flood protection dike with emergency
spil'Lwayextending approximately b km upstream from the right
abutment of the di-version dam; a navigation lock in the right
abutment of the dam; an earthclosure dam in the old river channel;
the improvement of natural drainagechannels in and adjacent to the
irrigated area; construction of approxi-mately LO km of feeder
roads; and associated office buildings, workshops,warehouses,
garages and houses for construction, operation and maintenanceof
the project.
30. The barrage of reinforced concrete construction would be
con-structed in a channel 150 meters wide excavated for a length of
1,600 metersacross a bend in the river at Tha Muang. The concrete
dam would extendacross the full width of the channel and earth
embankrments -would extendfrom each abutment of the barrage. Eight
openings controlled by radial
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gates would be provided to pass floods up to 3,100 c.mes. and
each gatewould be 7.5 meters high and 12.5 meters wide operated
with electricallydriven hoists. The normal level of water upstream
from the barrage wouldbe raised approximately 7 to 8 meters to 22.0
MSLo A bridge would beprcvided across the barrage and floud
protection dikes would extend fromthe abutments of the barrage and
be used as roadways. The total heightof the structure from
foundation excavation to bridge deck would be approxi-mately 15
meters, exclusive of the steel sheet-piling cut-of" whlich
wouldextend approximately 10 meters into the earth foundation.
31. Adjacent to the barrage site there would be constructed
earth-fill flood protection dikes to control the flood waters, to
protect asmall area of low lying land, and to be used as roadways.
At the end ofthe flood protection dike on the right bank of the
river a breaching dikewould be cm structed wihich would by-pass
floods exceeding 3,100 c.m.s.which could not be passed through the
diversion barrage. A flood of6,100 c.m.s. would have a frequency of
once in 50 years and the spillwaycapacity would be inadequate
without the upstream storage dams, which wouldsubstantially reduce
the floods at the barrage. Until the dams are completed,additional
capacity to pass flood flows would be provided by an
emergencyspillway through the flood protection dike on the right
abutment of thediversion dam. An additional 5,000 c,m.s, could be
discharged in thismanner, to provide a total spillway capacity of
approximately 8,000 cIm.s0Downstream from the barrage on the left
side of the river are approximately100,000 ha of irrigable land now
subject to periodic flooding. This landwould be protected from most
floods by a dike on the left bank of the riverbeginning near the
barrage and extending to a point on the Dam Nern Saduakcanal
approximately 15 km downstream from the town of Rajburi. The
dikewould be 6 meters wide at the top and its height would be
sufficient toprotect the land on the left bank from flooding with a
flood flow of6,000 c.m.s whichi is the maximum flood of record. The
right bank- of theriver would remain unprotected and would be
subject to flooding until theupstream storage dams on the
tributaries are constructed.
32. A reinforced concrete navigation lock through the right
abutmentof the concrete barrage would permit the passage of boat
and barge trafficon the river. The lock would be 14 m wide and 135
m long with electricallyoperated mitre gates, and valves which
would permit filling or emptying ofthe lock to be accomplished in 8
to 10 minutes.
33. After the completion of the diversion barrage and channel,
anearth closure darn 12.5 meters high and 180 meters long would be
constructedof selected earth materials in the old river channel.
The crest of thedam would be 10 rmeters wide and would be used as a
roadway.
34. The main canals and laterals have been designed by RID to
meetthe flow-capacity requirements throughout the various parts of
the systemand satisfy the proper relationship between bottom width,
water depth, sideslopes, free board, bank dimension and future
operation and maintenance.Adequate structures have been provided.
The main feeder canal would be
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constructied to its full capacity of 260 c.m.se required to
serve the entirefuture development on the left side of the river.
The left main feedercanal would extend from the diversion barrage
to the connection with theleft main diversion canal at the
bifurcation point for the future canals1L and 2L. From here the
left main diversion canal wiould extend along theleft side of the
iHe niong River to connect with and supply the main canalsand
distributaries in the irrigable area. ADproximately 400 km of
maincanals and distributaries would be constructed in addition to
associatedlateral and canal structures. The canal banks of most of
the main canalswould be constructed to be used as roadways.
35. In the past when the Me Klong River was in flood, excess
watersoverflowed the left river bank and moved in an easterly
direction to draininto the Nakorn Chaisri River. A number of
drainage channels have developednaturally from this flood action
and in addition some drains have been ex-cavated to improve the
flow. Inasmuch as the capacity of the Nakorn ChaisriRiver is small,
quite a problem developed during the flood period. For im-provement
of' this condition the floodwaters would be directed southward
tothe Gulf of Thailand, by reshaping, straightening and deepening
the naturaland constructed waterways to establish a complete
surface drainage networkdraining into the Mle Klong canal to the
south of the project area. Extensiveimlprovetments would also be
made to the Me Klong canal and to the channel oftne He Klong River
near the town of Rajburi where the river channel is in-adequate to
pass floods of even moderate magnitude. A total of approximately200
km of improvement in minor channels would be undertaken. In
addition, 4drainage channels each 20 meters wide and 2 meters deep
for a total lengthof approximately 68 km would be constructed to
connect the Me Klong canalwith the sea. Each connecting channel
would be provided with a sea lockto prevent saline waters from
backing into the drains. The ConstructionSchedule is shown in Annex
3.
36. Satisfactory sources of sand, gravel, rock, earth materials
andtimber are readily available near the barrage site. Cement,
steel, equip-ment and other items can be transported to the site by
road or by boatduring the monsoon season.
Status of Engineering
37. Planning and preparation of the report on the project was
doneby the RID. The RID has under construction a number of
irrigation projectsand has in the past designed, constructed and
operated other projects ofa similar type, although in most
instances it has employed consultants toperform and supervise
certain aspects of the work where assistance wasneeded. Based upon
past experience, the RID is ful'y capable of nerformingthe design
and construction of the canal and lateral systems with
structures.The RID would also like to design and construct the main
diversion dam usingits own staff in this work insofar as
practicable and supplementing it withconsulting services where
necessary. In view of the further investigationsrequired to plan
future stages of the development, particularly with largeupstream
storage dams it would seem that the employment of consultants
or
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qualified experts would be advisable to assist in the design and
supervisionof construction of the barrage and to investigate and
prepare a feasibilityreport for the future stages of deve'lopment.
Accordingly, the RID wouldemploy consultants or qualified experts
satisfactory to the Bank to assistand advise on design and
construction procedures,
Construction Equipment
38. For construction of the project substantial quantities of
equipmentand spare parts would be needed in addition to that which
is now availableto RID. A list of the various items and types of
equipment and their costis given in Annex 4. The cost of such
equipment including insurance andfreight to Bangkok is estimated to
be approximately USI 11.3 million. Thecost estimates are based upon
current vendor quotations and the recent ex-perience of RID in the
purchase of similar equipment. The equipment require-ments were
prepared by the RID and are based upon the performance of
con-struction by the RID in accordance with their past methods and
practiceswhich have been satisfactory, It is estimated that the
salvage value ofthe construction equipment after completion of the
project would be approxi-mately US$ 3 million.
Construction Cost Estimates
39. The cost estimates for the various construction features of
theproject are based upon preliminary designs prepared by the
design staffof RID. Designs of the major works and centerline
profile surveys of thecanals are in sufficient detail to provide a
satisfactory basis for makingwork quantity estimates. To the
quantity estirriates unit prices have beenapplied to compute the
costs of the work. The unit prices were establishedin accordance
with the recent experience of RID in performing similar workin
Thailand. To such total costs have been added adequate provisions
forcontingencies, operation and maintenance during construction,
supervisionand overhead, consulting engineer costs and interest
during construction.Details of the cost estimate are given in Annex
5 and are summarized below:
Local ForeignCurrency Ezchange Total
Estimated cost (baht millions) 7h8.5 458.5 1207.0In US$ million
equivalent 35.9 22.0 57.9
-
- 11 -
Operation d. Maintenance Cost Estimates
4o. At the present time irrigation projects supervised by RID
arenot being provided with sufficient funds for satisfactory
operation andmaintenance., Based upon estimates, by RID an adequate
annual allowancefor operation and maintenace would be about $ 88
per hectare. This wou2acover regular operation and maintenance,
anz±ual repairs and a reasonableamount for engineering and
administration, but in accordance wrth Thaipractice, would not
include depreciation on maintenance equipment whichis esti-mated at
approximately 0 12 per hectare per year. The future costof annual
operation and maintenance for Stage I, 175,000 ha is
thereforeestimated at X 15.h million, or X 17.5 million when
allowance is made forequipment depreciation0 This estimate is
reascnable and compares withcosts of other comparable projects in
other countries. Funds and otherresources would be allocated as
reouired for the satisfactory maintenanceof the project.
Financing
41. The proposed Bank loan would cover the foreign exchange cost
ofimported equipment, spare parts, materials, fuel and foreign
consultingservices, The amount of the proposed loan would be US$ 22
million($ 458.5 million).
42. The remainder of the cost totaling about $ 748.5 million
wouldbe met by budget allocations,
)3. The expenditure schedule, including disbursement of the
Bankloan, would be approximately as follows:
Fiscal Years 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th TotalMiillion of Bahts . 0*
Local Expenditures 53 170 207 196 122.5 748.5Foreign
Expenditures 24h 63 69 66 16e5 458.5
TOTALS 297 233 276 262 139.0 1207.0
Equivalent Millions US$ 14.2 11.2 13.2 12.6 6.7 57.9
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- 12 -
VI. ORGANIZATION AND MANAGIEMNT
Construction
44. The project works would be constructed by RID by force
account.RID has had experience in construction of dams of similar
type and in theconstruction of canals, laterals and drainage works.
RID has prepared pre-liminary designs for the project. However, the
engineering consultants orqualified experts to be employed would
revlew the designs of the projectworks and assist the RID in
preparing the final designs before constructionis started. In
addition the consultants would supervise the constructionof the
diversion barrage and appurtenent works, assist in selection
ofconstruction equipment and certify to the appropriateness of the
withdrawalsfrom the loan account relating to the dam.
45. Except as required above for review of project plans,
assistancein preparation of final designs and supervision of
construction on thediversion barrage, the RID would have full
responsibility for carryingout the work on the project. RID is
considered competent to carry outthe duties effectively.
Land Classification
h6. A semi-detailed land classification is required for all
landincluded in Stage I as well as all land in the balance of the
proposeddevelopment. To accomplish this undertaking in sufficient
time to havethe necessary data available for the location and
design of the distribu-tion system in the light textured soil area
(8,000 ha) in Stage I, theRID would employ land classification
consultants or qualified personnelsatisfactory to the Bank. The RID
has employed a satisfactory land classi-fication and drainage
expert. The RID would retain such a qualified foreignexpert
satisfactory to the Bank for a period of two years to assist in
andadvise on all technical and administrative phases of the land
classificationand drainage program and to assist in training Thai
personnel. Land Classi-fication and Drainage Units would be
maintained in the RID and a land classi-fication and drainage
program would be formulated and pursued expeditiously.Financing in
an amount of US$ 200,000 is provided in the loan for
thesepurposes.
Operation and Maintenance
47. The plans for the establi;.hment of an operation and
maintenanceorganizaticn have not been oompletely formulated. Under
the terms of theBankts two recent loans for the Petchburi and Chao
Phya projects, there iscurrently underway a review of all of RID's
operation and maintenance activi-ties, A foreign consultant has
been employed to make the review and to makerecommendations
regarding changes ancd improvements with a view to establishingan
efficient and adequately staffed 0 & R branch in the RID, In
addition tothe foreign consultant, an accountant is also to be
employed to review theprocedures for cost accounting of 0 & M
expenditures and to make recommenda-tions for improvement in the
methods.
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- 13 -
48. Under a proposed organization, which maybe modified when
theconsultantt s recominendations are received, the Chief Engineer
in chargeof operation and maintenance, working under the Director
General of theRoyal Irrigation Department, would have three
experienced senior engineersworking under him. One would be in
charge of dikes and ditches; another,in charge of canal operation
and regulation; and the third, in charge ofmaintenance. The
engineer in charge of dikes and ditches would be respon-sible for
training the zone technicians. An engineer with experience inother
countries has already been employed to work with the engineer
incharge of dikes and ditches to assist in developing proper water
deliverymethods and irrigation practices at the farm level, It is
planned thatthis engineer would be assisted by one or more suitably
experienced engineers.
49. A project superintendent, responsible to the Chief Engineer
ofOperation and Maintenance of RID, would be in charge of operation
and main-tenance of the Ma[e Klong Irrigation Project. A headworks
superintendentand four or more area superintendents would be
responsible for sections ofthe project up to bO,000 ha in size. The
area superintendents would super-vise zone technicians who would
have been trained in certain aspects ofirrigation engineering, each
responsible for about 1,6CO ha. The zoneir.spectors would each
supervise from 10 to 20 farm "cooperators" or in-spectors. These
inspectors would each have the responsibility of waterdelivery and
management among 20 to 40 farmers receiving water from oneditch,
Farmers would be required to maintainthe dikes and ditches ontheir
land in good working order. If they fail to do so, RID has thepower
to carry out this work and charge the cost to the farmer.
Technical Assistance
5o. To make the best utilization of the irrigation water to
beprovided to farms it would be necessary for the farmers in Stage
I of theproject to learn improved water management techniques in
order to improveyields of paddy and in suitable areas to produce
for the first time cropsother than paddy.
51. Technical services to farmers would be reorganized and
intensified.The Government would provide for Stage I of the project
a minimum of 20extension officers to be assigned not later than one
year before water isto be made available. These extension officers
with appropriate assistar,tsand technicians iwould be responsible
for: (1) instructing farmers how toprepare their lands to receive
the new irrigation water supply; (2) instruc-ting the farmers in
new cultural practices including the use of fertilizers;(3)
instructing the farmers in irrigation practices to be employed;
and(4) establishing demonstration areas throughout Stage I of the
project.
-
- JL -
52. The Government within two years following the execution of
theloan for Stage I of the project, would establish an experimental
and dem-onstration farm comprising about LO ha in the proposed
Stage II of theproject. This farm w.ould be for experinientation
and demonstration ofcrops other than rice that would be suitable
fo-r the light textured soilswithin the project and would be
located in the northwest portion of thedevelopment. Its precise
location and plan of operation would be subjectto the approval of
the Bank.
Water Charges
53. The Government of Thailand at present collects a nominal
landtax, but its policy is not to make a charge for irrigation
water.
54. The introduction of a water charge has been discussed by
theBank with the Government from time to time since 1950 The
Government isreluctant tc charge a water rate for amortization of
the investment inproject works or for annual operation and
maintenance costs because ricefarmers are indirectly taxed heavily
through the application of the exporttax and Rice Premium0 As shown
in Annex 6, these tax levies would resultin an indirect tax paid by
farmers of about 0 1,092 per ha.
55. In view of the tax policies now existing in Thailand,
theintroduction of a water charge for this project could not
validly beconsidered in isolation of the over-all questions of
taxation and watercharges for other projects.
VII. BENEFITS AND JUSTIFICATI'ON
56. The project would be Stage I of the Me Klong Irrigation
Projectand foresees the future development of subsequent stages.
However, ifStage I would not be complemented by further
development, Stage I wouldstill appear economically justified as
shown below. The greatest benefitsfrom Stage I would be the
provision of some regulation of river flows, theconveyance of this
water to existing farms to increase rice production, andpartial
flood control. Investments allocable to Stage I would be 0 917
mil-lion (US$ 44.0 million) equivalent to USIP 250 per net
irrigable hectare(Annex 5).
57. On-farm development necessary to utilize the project
facilitieswould be limited to some additional field diking and the
construction ofon-farm distribution systems. Very little land
leveling is expected becauseproject lands are already under rice
cultivation and have been satisfactorilyleveled over the years.
Farmers are anxious to obtain flood control andwater control
facilities afforded by the project. They would be expectedto make
maximum use of the facilities in a relatively short time. Forthese
reasons, i-t is expected that full benefits would be obtained
withina period of 9 years after start of construction.
-
- 15 -
58. With the water regulation provided by the project, 95
percentof the project area is expected to continue under rice
production. Becauseof lack of storage and the very low river flow
during the months of Marchand April, the 'Lard that can be
irrigated in Stage I throughout the yearfor multiple cropping
amounts to only about 8,000 ha. Even on this areawater supply
shortages must be expected and consequently benefits frommultiple
cropping, such as vegetables, fruits, sugar cane and oil seeds,in
Stage I would be limited.
59. The annual gross value of production at farm prices (see
para. 23)is expected to increase by about $ 199.7 million.
incremental costs ofproduction are estimated to be about g 46.9
million (see para. 24 and Annex 1).Allowing for operation and
maintenance expenditures of about 0 17.5 millionannually the net
value of incremental production at farm prices would beabout $
135.3 million at full development. Rice premium and export taxeson
total rice production would amount to about $ 90.0 milliou. The
totalannual incremental net value would thus be about $ 225
million. At thislevel the average annual net return on the Stage I
investments would beabout 15 percent. If total costs of
construction were charged to Stage Ithe average annual net return
would still be above 13 percent. However,farmers pay virtually no
taxes other than rice premium and expo:t taxesand this return does
not allow for additional costs to the Government forservices and
administration resulting from the project. If these additionalcosts
were allowed for the average annual net return would be reduced
butmoderately and the project would remain economically fullyr
justified.
VIII. CONCLUSIONS AND RECCMhENDATIONS
60. Stage I is an essential and integral part of the
over-alldevelopment of the Me Klong Irrigation Project and would
provide partialflood control, improved surface drainage and some
regulation of the watersupply for increased rice production and for
a limited area of intensivecropping not now possible. Insufficient
data are available to adequatelyformulate a plan for development of
the whole scheme at tiLs time. Theproject should therefore be
limited to constructing Stage I while investiga-tions and planning
continue on the balance of the proposed development.
61. The project is technically sound and is economically
justified.It is suitable for a Bank loan equivalent to US$ 22
million. The borrowerwould be the Kingdom of Thailand and an
appropriate term would be 20 yearsincluding a grace period of six
years.
LWBartsch:LMitchell:ep:lcvIERD/IDA
November 16, 1964
-
MeKLONG IRRIGATION PROJECT - THAILAND - STAGE I
Crop Yields, Gross and Net Returns under Present Conditions
Soil Areas Gross Total ReturnsPeconraiss- Irrigable Harvested
Yield Metric Prico g Value Production Net Return Millions of 0ance
Survey Crops Hectares Hectares tons / ha /n.etric ton /ha. Cost %
/ha. $ /ha. Gross Net
C Paddy 68,0O0 (15200 10 85o 850 325 525 52.0 32.1
D 96,ooo 86,400 l.5 850 1275 325 950 110.2 82.0
G 11900C0 9,7co 1.4 850 1190 325 865 11.5 8.4
TOTALS 1759000 157,300 -- - - - 173.7 122.5
Crop Yields, Gross and Net Returns under Future Conditions
C Paddy 60,000 60,000 1.7 850 1445 560 885 86.7 53.1
C OtherCraps 8,000 8. 00-. - - 4000 560 3440 32.0 27.5
D Paddy 96,ooo 96,000 2.8 850 2380 560 1820 228.5 174.7
G Paddy 11,000 11,000 2.8 850 2380 560 1820 26.2 20.0
TOTALS 175,000 1759000 - - -_ 373.4 275.3
g/ See para. 24 for explanation of present production costs.
Future production costs are based on increased
use of fertilizers and improved cultural methods.
No benefits have been assumed for second crops.
-
Al-iKEX 2
i.iKL0ONG IRRtGATIOINT PROJECT S'AGE I
THAIILMTD
UIATER SLTPPjUY r r7 11; -; Fw4!,'r, S
In a. detailed study of the requirements and availability of
waterCor the full development of 39U,000 ha, the RID has used the
available rain-Eall data collected over the developrment area. to
determine the effectiverainfall and ha.s utiliz6d the actual river
runioff records to analyze theavailability of' river water.
Irrigation water reciuirements were determinedby using an assumed
pattern of rice cultivation, based upon eperim.entaldata.
substpti.oted by theoreticEl computations of consuipt-vc use,
andrealis td ca.nal andr fa.rm iwater losses. Computations were
m2de for monthlytotal irriga.tion diversion requirements. The
results of these studies iwithrespect to seasoDnal and peak
diversions and available water supplies may besummarized as follows
for the deca,de 1952 through 1961 which is ccnsidereda
representa.tilre period:
(a.) during the rice growing season frcm June through October
there areoccasional minor shortages in the early season in June and
Julywhich are insignificant because of' their short duration except
forone severe year in which a. s-hortage of approximiately 40
percentextended over 30 days in June;
(b) shortages occurred on two occasions in August, one of 32
percentextending over a 29 da.y period and another of 22 percent
over a1 da.y period.
(c) during the dry season January through i4a.rch deficiencies
of waterare indicated ->or tlie 8,000 ha, of dry season cro). In
February aminor deiicie!!cy occurs in 4 out of 10 years in the
amount of 3 to5 c.m.s. out of a total diversion requirement of 57
c.i.s. (in-cluding 50 c.ni. s. for dowinstrsam. requirer,a.ents).
In iviarch a.silortage of 10 c.m.s. occurs in 6 out of 10
years.
It is expected tha.t the severity of the shortages could be
a.llevi-ated through the adoption of rotational irrigation
methods.
Although the shortages demonstrated by the above study
wouldindicate a. reduction in bencfits they are not considered of
sufficientimportance to adversely affect the feasibility of the
full development. How-ever, they do indicate that it may be
advisahle to initiate construction ofstorage facilities with any
future stages of develoDment to minim-iize thewater shortaees and
to make possible the irrigation of a larger area. formultiple
cropping.
IWith respect to S-tage I it is apparent that no water
shorta,eswrill develo; during the June through October period
inasmuch as only 175,00
-
A!NEX 2Page 2
ha or approximately 45 percent of the total area of 390,000 ha
would beirrigated. There would oe water shortages during the dry
season cropping.However, as these are relativeyr minor deficiencies
with respect to thewhole project and inasnuch as the future
de-velopment of storage reservoirswould 3ubs-a.ntially rmodify the
dry season cropping pattern these watordeficiencies are not
si.gnificant. It can therefore be conc2uded thatadequate water
supplies a.re available to the project (Stage I).
-
CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULEME KLONG IRRIGATION PROJECT (STAGE I)
THAILAND
| _________FISCAL YEARSFEATURE 1 st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
YEAR YEAR YEAR YEAR YEAR
I MOBILIZATION
2 HEADWORKS
3 CANALS AND STRUCTURES
FEEDER CANAL AND LEFT MAIN CANAL
3L, 4L, 5L, AND 6L CANALS AND LATERALS
4 FLOOD PROTECTION DIKES
5 IMPROVEMENT OF SURFACE DRAINAGE
6 LAND CLASSIFICATION
zz
(R) IBRD-2347 xa
-
CONSTRUCTION EqUIMERT. ~SPAIRE PARTS iDOS & MISCELLANEOI'S
ARIa 4
TIAILAND
C3P' Bangkk in U.S. ID.llac
Ie Nacription Quantities Unit CotTotal Cos t Me-afl,
A. Egoipent Used for Cut-off Conatrmction
I Motor Scrper of i4 co. yd. atruck, 18 cn. yd. heap capa city
10 42,000 42o,ooo
2 Buildozer, anglar blade type, Cat. D-8H or eqoialent 6 40,000
24o,ooo
3 Motor Grader, Cat. So. 12 or eqivalent 3 1T,500 52,500
4 2-1/2 en. yd, Dragline S 9,0 0( 180,000
5 2-1/2 en. yd. Dragline and Shovel Combilationo S 1G,000
220,000
6 4 on. yd. Scooper and Hoe Combination 1 95,000 95,000
7 7,00C0#VW. Pick-Up Trick, 4 a 2 3 2,60o 7.8CC
8 21,000#05W. Trock, 4 a 2, n/Cab and Platform Body 2 4,700
9,40o
9 60,00O#VW. Truck, 6 n 4, nCab and 10 cu. yd. Ser- Ump Body 20
22,000 440,ooo
10 Extra Eqoipsant (Engine., Tranaisnioni, etc.) - -6,ooo
11 Greasing and Oiling Trock 2 15,000 30,00-0
12 Miscellane ous Equipoent (Filwd Light, Foal-Oil Tac.k Track,
etc.) -- 50,000
13 Dredger- - Exicting
14 Spare Parta for firat two ear aerice - -175,100
Sob-total 1,925,600
B. Eqnip-.et Used for Flood Protection Dikts Conatrmctioc
15 Motor Scraper of i4 co. yd. atrock, 18 no. yd. heap capacity
5 42,000 210,000
16 BUidocer, angolar blade type, Cat. D-8H or equivalent 2
40,000 80,000
17 Motor Grader, Cat. Sio. 12 or eqoivalent 1 17,500 17,500
iS 15 Ton Self-Propelled Robber Tire Roller 2 6,500 13,000
19 5 A iDouble Drone Sheepafoot Roller 2 2,500 5,000
20 7,00~0#W. Pick-Up Trac.k, 4 a 2 2 2,600 5,200
Si 21,000QGVW. Troci, 4 a 2, n/Cab and Platform Body 3 4,700
14,100
22 8,000 1. Water Tan.k Trock 1 14,oo0 14,o00
23 Greasing and Oiling Track 1 i5,000 15.0(0
St Spare Parts for too yearo neroice - 35,200
Sob-total 409,0oo
C. Miscellsneoos Eqoipsnt Used at Meadvorks
15 Pover PlacE 1 Plant -ippile.d by YEA
26 Transformer -40,0oo
Ž7 Batching Plant 1 plant -- Exitin,g
28 28 00. ft. Concrete Mine - Rotor Driven 4 7,000 14,000
2-E.intin,g
29 1 co. yd. Concrete Bucket 6 1,00 6,ooo
30 1-1/2 no. yd. Dragline and Shovel Cosbination S -- titn
31 1-1/2 on. yd. Dragline and Shovel Combination n/Pile Driver
Pron Attanhoent 1 73,000 73,000
32 48 MP. Diesel Loconotive 4 - -Eitn
33 1 co, yd. Tipping Wagon 50 100 5,000
34 20 lbs. Sains and Snitches 8 kmo 4,00o 32.000
35 Air Tools and Moses --50.000
36 Wellpoint Sontion Pomp, 1800 GPM B 20 ft. Road, electric
motor driven i1
8,000O 112,000
37 Jetting Pomp, 200 psi, electric aotor driven 3 5,000
15,00
38 Ac-esories for it-en 36-37 -- 152,00-0
39 1400 GPM! B 70 ft. Mead, centrifugal peap -electric notor
driven 8 3,030 24,000o
40 750 0PM B 70 ft. Mead, centrifugal ponp - lectric meter
driven 12 1,200 14,4o00
41 500 GPM@~70 ft. Head, cestrifugal poop -electric notor driven
12 600 7,200
42 500 OFPM B 70 ft. Mend, s.bnbs ible soap poop - lectric notor
driven 3,300 6,600
43 250 3PM 0 70 ft. Read, sub--rible suop poop elsectric notor
driven 3 2,000 6,000
44 Anbulasce 1 4,000 4,000
45 Pira Engine Track I 6,000 6,oo0
46 Pass enger Car - Sedan 10 2,800 28,000
47 Station Wagon, 4m.2 5 3,0( 15,000
48 5,900jiGVW Field VPebble, 4 n 4 9 3,200 28,000
49 5,900=V Pick-Op Track, 4 a 4 7 2,700 i8,900
50 7, 0#WPick-Up Track, 4 a 2 16 2,60o 4i,6oo
51 2S1,00 WTrack, 4 a2, u/Cab and Platform Body 16 4,700
75,200
52 21,O0GGWirck, 4 n4, n/Cab and Platform Body 1 6,500
13,000
53 39,O#GWTrac k, 6 a4,n/Cab and Platform Body 6 7,850
47,100
54 21,O0#OWTrack ,4 n2, n/Cab and 4 cn. yd. Sear Nup Body 10
5,200 52,000
55 50,O0 EWTrack Tractor 18,000 36,o00
56 50-ton Track Trailer, Lover Bad I ll,ooo 11,000
57 20-Ton Track Trailer, Flat Bed I 6,40o 6,40o
5M Extra Eqoipeent (Engine, Winch, etc.) - -i15, 40o
59 8,000 1. Water Tank Track 214,o00 28,000
60 4 1/2 c.. Yd, Mobile Plixer Track 4 5,500 22,00
61 65 ft. Pile Driver Frme I - - Eainting62 File Driver Maimr
24,0oo
8,0cc
63 600 CFM - Engine Drive Air Compresor 4 20,000 80,00064 365
C20 - Engine Drives Air Compressor 4 14,ooo
56,000
65 365 CFM - Motor Drives Air Cmnprasor 2 9,400 i8, MOO
66 7-ton terick Crane 1 45,000 45,00c67 25-Son Mobile Track
Crane v/Dr.sgline Attackhzat 5 41,000 82,000
68 b-ton Forklift Track 2 8,000 16,o0o
69 Worksbop Eqoipsmnt - - 320,000
70 XiMlacllaneen Eqoipenct -- 78,0(
71 Spare Parts for two flare serice IT 11,140
S.t-total 1,880,540
-
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004-4--Ct- 0 04-4040400'0 '04-0 0,-00.o"0.0,o 400400) HO 4.04000-
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4 0%3g�oo'0o
0 �. 40.-40-'04040 - .0,4 0-4 -40.0.4.4 -0 0)00,-) �,-4
40-400-0 4 '0-044- � 4 4) fl�4 0-0) 040 4 0-00- 4004040
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04,4,4,4) 4,4,4,040 004- 4444.400002 4� S �-0- ��440 .00 00
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000 04-.4, 4, 4, 4, 0 0 0-4,0))0000 0 0 00 4-..10-0 4'�0- 0,..-'
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0)0) 400.'0.-44- '000-44, 0 02 o5�E0210.5 2-40000 4,4,4,4,�4- � 2
4, 00 4,
OF-SE-S - 0 0.4,40 00 00 4,0,0,0. 0, 4-04, 4,. 0 000,.� 4-0 � �
S -'00)0)0) .4.0) 0 4,0,-.' @0) 5 20)24)00»»0.o00 0400 � ��O§O
2t�1.,
4.
4, 40 400 0-3 0-0 0-0.40400 0-'00-04000-)0� 004440 '8' 3�3
0.-404000-3 oo-o400.4'0o-0 02.40
4, �.-43 0- 0-0.00)4000- 0- 00000 000.00 .4.4 0004400
04440400-440-40404040 00-4.
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AN'H,EX 5
ME KLOI'JG IRRIGATIOM PROJECT - STAGE I
Estimate of Costs
Local Foreign Total Cost Allocation 1/Currency Exchange Stage I
Stage 1Bahts Dollars Bahts Bahts
. Millions . . . . . .
Headworks 128.3 3.2 195.0 109.0
Canals, Distributaries,Structures L: Buildings 143.3 5.0 247.5
229.0
Flood Protection Dike 33.0 - 33.0 33.0
Improvement of Surface Drainage 68.0 - 68.0 68.0
Feeder Roads 22.0 - 22.0 10.0
Land Appropriation 67.0 - 67.0 40.0
Land ClassificationIncluding Consultants 5.8 0.2 10.0 6.o
Equipment & Spare Parts 11.3 235.5 166.0 2/
467.4 19.7 878.0 661.0
Contingencies 15 percent 70.1 0.9 31 89.0 60.0
0 & M During Construction 23.0 - 23.0 20.0
Supervision & Administration 47.0 - 47.0 40.0
Overhead 47.0 - 47.0 40.0
Consultants & Aerial Surveys - 1.4 4/ 29.0 22.0
Interest During Construction 5/ 94.0 - 94.0 74.0
748.5 22.0 1207.0 917.0
Investment for Economic Analysis 6/ 1113.0 843.0
1/ Allocation made on basis of area for purpose of calculating
costattributable to Stage I.
2/ Takes into account equipment salvage $3.0 million.3/
Estimates of foreign exchange based on recent prices in
Thailand
therefore contingency of about 11 percent used on civil works
only.4/ Includes consultants for Stage I and for investigation and
feasibility
studies Stage II.5/ Interest on I.B.R.D. loan @ 5-2 percent.~/
Interest during construction not included because investment and
benefits
are discounted back to the beginning of the construction
period.
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ANIJEX f
ilE KLO.1G I!.RIGATION PROJECT STAGE I
Rice Taxes and Exp)ort Price of Rice
A "Rice Premium" and an export tax are levied on all exported
rice.These taxes are levied for the dual purpose of providing
revenue and forkeeping the price for domestic consumption at a
level wi-ichn is now; about53 percent of the export price. Although
applied only to rice exported,these levies tend to Set the level of
piices paid to farmers.
In 1963, the Rice Premium averaged about $ 550 and the export
taxabout $ 100, or a total of $ 650 per metric ton of milled rice.
I.ith amilling yield of 70 percent, this is equivalent to $ 455 per
ton of paddy.Assuming an average yield of 2.4 tons of paddy per
hectare, the equivalentof an indirect tax paid by the farmerE iE
2.4 x 0 455 or approximately$ 1,092 per hectare.
Based on an average price of $ 850 per metric ton of paddy and
amilling yield of 70 percent, the components, which make up the
export priceof one ton of milled rice FOB Bangkok in 1963, are as
followis:
Bahts Percentage
Farmers' share 1,215 53Rice premium $50 24Export tax 100 650 4
28Intermediaries, milling, transport 435 _ 19
Export price per ton of white riceFOB Bangkok 2,300 100
(uS$10o)
The Rice Premium is adjusted periodically in accordance with
changesin world market prices. If the present levies of $ 650 per
ton representa reasonable expected average,total export of the
incremental rice productionof proposed Stage I of the Me Klong
Irrigation Project would yield annualrevenues to the government of
about / 90.0 million. Howrever, part of theincremental production
(about 350 kg/ha) is likely to be retained by thefarmers.
Incremental exports from the project would thus be about
117,300tons per year and the annual revenue to government on this
basis would beabout $ 76.2 million or US$ 3.65 million
equiiValeht.
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